Unit 2 Great inventions and discoveries 重点单词,词性转换,短语,语法,句型精练-2025-2026学年八年级英语下学期单元重难点易错题精练（沪教版（五四学制））

班级 姓名 学号 分数 Unit 2 Great inventions and discoveries 单元重点单词变形短语语法句型精练 （时间：60分钟，满分：100分） 1、 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空(本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分) 1．The ________ (develop) of technology makes our life easier. 2．The ________ (meaning) of this discovery is far-reaching. 3．This is one of the most ________ (amaze) discoveries in recent years. 4．The ________ (create) of this new product took a lot of time and effort. 5．She hopes ________ (make) a great invention in the future. 6．The wounded were taken to the local hospital by the ________ workers. (medicine) 7．It is now realised that being able to work ________ with other people is one of the main keys to success. (succeed) 8．The teacher’s ________ (encourage) words made me feel more confident before the exam. 9．When I was only a five-year-old boy, I was ________ ill and needed attention all the time. (serious) 10．People forget unimportant information in order to better remember important ________ (detail). 11．Don’t always tell your partner what to do next. Let her solve the problem by ________ (she). 12．I want to live in the city centre. It’s much ________ to get what I need when I live there. (easy) 13．It’s true to the words, while the meaning is ________ wrong. (total) 14．You can know quite a few stories about amazing ________ from the book. (explore) 15．Why didn’t you tell him the truth when he asked you about his ________? (ill) 16．The ________ (important) of encouraging young inventors is increasingly recognized. 17．The ________ (history) discoveries help us understand the development of human civilization. 18．The science class ________ (be) very interesting because we can do invention experiments. 19．The ________ (imagine) is the key to great inventions and discoveries. 20．The ________ (popular) of this invention comes from its practicality. 二、根据汉语提示完成单词(本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分) 21．This new ______ (技术) can help farmers grow more food with less water. 22．Many young people have a strong ________ (好奇心) about the unknown world. 23．He ______ (花费) twenty years inventing this new kind of medical instrument. 24．This scientific ______ (实验) was successful after hundreds of failures. 25．We can ______ (感受到) the great changes that inventions have brought to our lives. 26．The ______ (贡献) of Chinese scientists to global science is getting bigger and bigger. 27．The ______ (探索) of the ocean is still a great challenge for humans now. 28．We should ______ (尊重) the scientists who have made great contributions to the world. 29．The ________ (合作) between scientists from different countries promoted the great discovery. 30．She has a ________ (天赋) for inventing things that can solve daily problems. 三、完成句子(本大题共10小题，每小题4分，共40分) 31．the British scientist, by, penicillin, accident, discovered (.)（连词成句） _____________________________________________________________. 32．what/to stop/have found/scientists/a useful way/the disease/from/spreading (连词成句) ________________________ 33．We should use social media to spread useful knowledge. (对画线部分提问) ________ ________ ________ use social media to spread? 34．He has done research on AI for six years. (对划线部分提问) ______ ______ has he done research on AI? 35．He is good at inventing small things for daily life. (改为同义句) He ______ ______ ______ inventing small things for daily life. 36．I happened to find this old family photo by chance while cleaning out the attic over the weekend. (保持原句意思不变) I found this old family photo ________ ________ while cleaning out the attic over the weekend. 37．The students in our class finished their group project quite successfully last week.  (改为感叹句) ________ the students in our class finished their group project last week! 38．That successful speech turned him into a star in the company.(改为一般疑问句) ________ that successful speech ________ him into a star in the company? 39．The local TV station reported the news about the fire last night. (改为被动语态) _____________________________________________________________ 40．The flood was too deep for people to walk through. (保持句意基本不变) The flood was ________ ________ ________ people couldn’t walk through it. 四、短文填空(本大题共10小题，每小题3分，共30分) Great inventions and discoveries have played a crucial role in shaping human civilization. From the wheel to the Internet, each creation 41 (change) the way we live, work and interact with one another. Many inventors and scientists 42 (devote) their entire lives to exploring the unknown, driven by curiosity and a desire to make the world a better place. In recent years, technological advancements 43 (accelerate) at an unprecedented rate. Artificial intelligence, gene editing and renewable energy technologies are just a few examples of innovations that 44 (transform) various industries. However, the road to discovery is never easy. Inventors often face countless failures before 45 (achieve) their goals. For instance, Thomas Edison 46 (conduct) more than 1,000 experiments before successfully inventing the practical light bulb. What makes great inventors stand out is their ability 47 (think) differently and persist in the face of challenges. They are not afraid 48 (question) existing theories or try new approaches. Today, young people are encouraged to develop their creativity and critical thinking skills, as they will be the ones 49 (make) the next generation of great inventions. As we look to the future, it’s clear that innovation 50 (continue) to drive human progress, bringing new opportunities and solving some of the world’s most pressing problems. 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 班级 姓名 学号 分数 Unit 2 Great inventions and discoveries 单元重点单词变形短语语法句型精练 （时间：60分钟，满分：100分） 1、 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空(本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分) 1．The ________ (develop) of technology makes our life easier. 【答案】development 【详解】句意：科技的发展让我们的生活更便捷。develop“发展”，此处作主语，需用名词形式development。故填development。 2．The ________ (meaning) of this discovery is far-reaching. 【答案】meaning 【详解】句意：这一发现意义深远。the后接名词，the meaning of this discovery“这项发现的意义”，在句中作主语，故填meaning。 3．This is one of the most ________ (amaze) discoveries in recent years. 【答案】amazing 【详解】句意：这是近年来最令人惊叹的发现之一。根据“This is one of the most…discoveries in recent years.”可知，这里需要用amaze的适当形式，此处修饰名词discoveries，需用形容词amazing“令人惊叹的”，符合语境。故填amazing。 4．The ________ (create) of this new product took a lot of time and effort. 【答案】creation 【详解】句意：这款新产品的研发耗费了大量时间和精力。the后接名词，the creation of...“……的研发/创造”，create的名词形式为creation，是不可数名词，故填creation。 5．She hopes ________ (make) a great invention in the future. 【答案】to make 【详解】句意：她希望将来能做出一项伟大的发明。此处是固定搭配hope to do sth.“希望做某事”，故用动词不定式作宾语。故填to make。 6．The wounded were taken to the local hospital by the ________ workers. (medicine) 【答案】medical 【详解】句意：伤员被医务人员送往当地医院。根据“the...workers. ”以及所给单词可知，应填medicine的形容词形式medical“医疗的、医学的”，作定语，修饰后面的名词workers。故填medical。 7．It is now realised that being able to work ________ with other people is one of the main keys to success. (succeed) 【答案】successfully 【详解】句意：现在人们意识到，能够成功地与他人合作是成功的主要关键之一。此处修饰动词work，需用副词形式，successful的副词形式是successfully“成功地”。故填successfully。 8．The teacher’s ________ (encourage) words made me feel more confident before the exam. 【答案】encouraging 【详解】句意：老师鼓励的话让我在考试前感到更自信。所给单词encourage是动词，意为“鼓励”，根据句子结构，此处需要形容词形式修饰“words”，表示“鼓励的话”，encourage的形容词形式是encouraging，意为“鼓励的、鼓舞人心的”，符合句意。故填encouraging。 9．When I was only a five-year-old boy, I was ________ ill and needed attention all the time. (serious) 【答案】seriously 【详解】句意：当我还只是一个五岁的小男孩时，我病得很重，一直都需要照顾。句中ill是形容词，意为“生病的”，需要用副词来修饰它。serious是形容词，其副词形式为seriously，意为“严重地”。故填seriously。 10．People forget unimportant information in order to better remember important ________ (detail). 【答案】details 【详解】句意：人们忘记不重要的信息是为了更好地记住重要的细节。所给单词detail意为“细节”，可数名词，根据语境可知，此处表泛指，不止一处细节，故应用detail的复数形式。故填details。 11．Don’t always tell your partner what to do next. Let her solve the problem by ________ (she). 【答案】herself 【详解】句意：不要总是告诉你的伙伴下一步该做什么。让她自己解决问题。“ by oneself ”是一个固定短语，意为“独自地”，强调动作由主语独立完成，无需他人帮助。括号中给出的提示词是she（她），因此需要填入其反身代词形式herself，表示“她自己”。故填herself。 12．I want to live in the city centre. It’s much ________ to get what I need when I live there. (easy) 【答案】easier 【详解】句意：我想住在市中心。住在那里的时候，我能更容易地得到我需要的东西。本句暗含“住在市中心”和“住在其他地方”的对比，much常用来修饰形容词或副词的比较级，easy的比较级形式是easier，意为“更容易的”。 故填easier。 13．It’s true to the words, while the meaning is ________ wrong. (total) 【答案】totally 【详解】句意：字面是对的，而意思是完全错误的。wrong是形容词，需要用副词修饰，total（完全的）的副词形式是totally，意为“完全地”，故填totally。 14．You can know quite a few stories about amazing ________ from the book. (explore) 【答案】explorers/explorations 【详解】句意：你可以从这本书中了解到很多关于惊人的探险家/探险的故事。空格前为形容词amazing，其后应接名词；explore（探索）的名词形式是explorer/exploration；此处用复数形式表示泛指。故填explorers/explorations。 15．Why didn’t you tell him the truth when he asked you about his ________? (ill) 【答案】illness 【详解】句意：当他问起他的病情时，你为什么没有告诉他真相？根据括号内提示词“ill”（生病的，形容词）及句子结构可知，此处需填名词形式，作介词“about”的宾语。由构词法可知，形容词“ill”加后缀“-ness”构成名词“illness”（疾病，病情），是不可数名词。故填illness。 16．The ________ (important) of encouraging young inventors is increasingly recognized. 【答案】importance 【详解】句意：鼓励年轻发明者的重要性正日益被认可。根据“the … of encouraging young inventors”可知，空处需用名词形式；important为形容词，其名词形式为importance，为不可数名词，故填importance。 17．The ________ (history) discoveries help us understand the development of human civilization. 【答案】historical 【详解】句意：这些历史发现帮助我们理解人类文明的发展。history“历史”，名词；此处修饰名词“discoveries”，需用形容词形式historical“历史的”作定语。故填historical。 18．The science class ________ (be) very interesting because we can do invention experiments. 【答案】is 【详解】句意：科学课很有趣，因为我们可以做发明实验。根据“because we can do invention experiments”可知，句子时态为一般现在时，主语是The science class，be动词应用is。故填is。 19．The ________ (imagine) is the key to great inventions and discoveries. 【答案】imagination 【详解】句意：想象力是伟大发明和发现的关键。根据句子结构可知，空格前的“The”是定冠词，用来修饰名词，因此此处需要将动词“imagine”转换为名词形式“imagination”，在句中作主语。此处为不可数名词，故填imagination。 20．The ________ (popular) of this invention comes from its practicality. 【答案】popularity 【详解】句意：这项发明的流行源于它的实用性。根据“the”可知，此处需用名词，popular的名词形式是popularity，意为“流行，受欢迎程度”。故填popularity。 二、根据汉语提示完成单词(本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分) 21．This new ______ (技术) can help farmers grow more food with less water. 【答案】technology 【详解】句意：这项新技术可以帮助农民用更少的水种植更多的粮食。根据提示可知，“技术”对应单词technology。故填technology。 22．Many young people have a strong ________ (好奇心) about the unknown world. 【答案】curiosity 【详解】句意：许多年轻人对未知世界有着强烈的好奇心。根据汉语提示可知，curiosity“好奇心”，a strong curiosity意为“强烈的好奇心”。故填curiosity。 23．He ______ (花费) twenty years inventing this new kind of medical instrument. 【答案】spent 【详解】句意：他花费了二十年的时间发明了这种新型医疗仪器。根据句子结构和语境可知，横线处需填一个动词作谓语，表示“花费（时间）”且句子时态为一般过去时（由“inventing”及语境可推断发明这一动作发生在过去，且“花费二十年”这一动作也发生在过去），“花费”常见英文表达为“spend”，其过去式为“spent”，“spend + 时间 + (in) doing sth.”表示“花费时间做某事”。故填spent。 24．This scientific ______ (实验) was successful after hundreds of failures. 【答案】experiment 【详解】句意：这项科学实验在上百次失败后终于成功了。根据汉语提示可知，experiment“实验”，“This”后面的可数名词必须用单数。故填experiment。 25．We can ______ (感受到) the great changes that inventions have brought to our lives. 【答案】feel 【详解】句意：我们可以感受到发明给我们的生活带来的巨大变化。根据“can”可知，横线处需填动词原形，feel“感受到”，动词。故填feel。 26．The ______ (贡献) of Chinese scientists to global science is getting bigger and bigger. 【答案】contribution 【详解】句意：中国科学家对全球科学的贡献正变得越来越大。根据提示可知，“贡献”对应单词contribution，此处用单数形式。故填contribution。 27．The ______ (探索) of the ocean is still a great challenge for humans now. 【答案】exploration 【详解】句意：如今，海洋的探索对人类来说仍然是一项巨大的挑战。由于空前为The，空后为of，此处缺少名词，explore“探索”，动词，其名词形式为exploration，The exploration of the ocean作主语，故填exploration。 28．We should ______ (尊重) the scientists who have made great contributions to the world. 【答案】respect 【详解】句意：我们应当尊重那些为世界做出巨大贡献的科学家。根据汉语提示可知，respect“尊重”，动词；因“should”可知，should为情态动词，后接动词原形，此处用动词respect的原形。故填respect。 29．The ________ (合作) between scientists from different countries promoted the great discovery. 【答案】cooperation 【详解】句意：不同国家科学家之间的合作推动了这项伟大的发现。根据中文提示“合作”可知，此处应用名词cooperation，是不可数名词。故填cooperation。 30．She has a ________ (天赋) for inventing things that can solve daily problems. 【答案】talent 【详解】句意：她有发明能解决日常问题的物品的天赋。根据汉语提示“天赋”可知，对应的英文单词是“talent”，“have a talent” 是固定搭配，意为“有……的天赋”。故填talent。 三、完成句子(本大题共10小题，每小题4分，共40分) 31．the British scientist, by, penicillin, accident, discovered (.)（连词成句） _____________________________________________________________. 【答案】The British scientist discovered penicillin by accident 【详解】the British scientist作主语，且位于句首the首字母应大写，discovered作谓语，penicillin作宾语，by accident作状语。句子为一般过去时，描述过去发生的事，故填The British scientist discovered penicillin by accident“这位英国科学家偶然间发现了青霉素”。 32．what/to stop/have found/scientists/a useful way/the disease/from/spreading (连词成句) ________________________ 【答案】What a useful way scientists have found to stop the disease from spreading! 【详解】根据所给单词和标点符号可知，本句为what引导的感叹句，结构为“What+(a/an)+形容词+名词+主语+谓语+其他！”，“a useful way”是感叹的中心词，“scientists have found”是主谓结构，“to stop the disease from spreading”是不定式短语作后置定语修饰“way”，其中“stop…from doing”是固定搭配，意为“阻止……做某事”，故填What a useful way scientists have found to stop the disease from spreading! “科学家们已经找到了一种多么有效的方法来阻止这种疾病传播啊！” 33．We should use social media to spread useful knowledge. (对画线部分提问) ________ ________ ________ use social media to spread? 【答案】 What should we 【详解】句意：我们应该利用社交媒体传播有用的知识。画线部分表示“传播的内容”，疑问句应用what提问，句首单词首字母需大写；原句的情态动词should在疑问句中要提到主语we之前，置于疑问词之后。故填What；should；we。 34．He has done research on AI for six years. (对划线部分提问) ______ ______ has he done research on AI? 【答案】 How long 【详解】句意：他研究人工智能已经六年了。对for six years提问，是对时间段提问，用疑问词How long，故填How；long。 35．He is good at inventing small things for daily life. (改为同义句) He ______ ______ ______ inventing small things for daily life. 【答案】 does well in 【详解】句意：他擅长发明日常生活的小物件。原句中“is good at”表示“擅长”，改为同义句时，可以用“do well in”来替换，因为主语“He”是第三人称单数，所以“do”要变为“does”，其他部分保持不变。故填does；well；in。 36．I happened to find this old family photo by chance while cleaning out the attic over the weekend. (保持原句意思不变) I found this old family photo ________ ________ while cleaning out the attic over the weekend. 【答案】 by accident 【详解】句意：周末打扫阁楼时，我偶然发现了这张旧家庭照片。改为同义句，根据原句的“by chance”可知，空处填与“by chance”意思相近的短语，“by chance”表达“偶然”，“by accident”也表达“偶然”。故填by；accident。 37．The students in our class finished their group project quite successfully last week.  (改为感叹句) ________ the students in our class finished their group project last week! 【答案】How successfully 【详解】句意：我们班的学生上周相当成功地完成了他们的小组项目。根据题干可知，原句改为感叹句应采用“How+副词+主语+谓语+其他!”结构，原句的副词是successfully。故填How successfully。 38．That successful speech turned him into a star in the company.(改为一般疑问句) ________ that successful speech ________ him into a star in the company? 【答案】 Did turn 【详解】句意：那次成功的演讲使他成了公司的明星。原句动词为“turned”，一般过去时。改为一般疑问句时，需用助动词“Did”置于句首，并将动词“turned”变为原形“turn”。故填Did；turn。 39．The local TV station reported the news about the fire last night. (改为被动语态) _____________________________________________________________ 【答案】The news about the fire was reported by the local TV station last night. 【详解】句意：当地电视台昨晚报道了关于这场火灾的新闻。原句是一般过去时的主动语态，结构为“主语 + 动词过去式 + 宾语”。改为被动语态时，要将原句的宾语“The news about the fire”作为新的主语，谓语动词用“was/were + 过去分词”的结构，原句主语“the local TV station”前加by，时间状语“last night”保留在句末。故填The news about the fire was reported by the local TV station last night. 40．The flood was too deep for people to walk through. (保持句意基本不变) The flood was ________ ________ ________ people couldn’t walk through it. 【答案】 so deep that 【详解】句意：洪水太深了以至于人们无法步行通过。原句用“too+形容词+for somebody to do something”意为“太……以至于某人不能做某事”，表示否定结果，可转换为“so+形容词+that否定从句”，表示“如此……以至于某人不能……”；“too deep”对应“so deep”,“for people to walk through”对应“that people couldn't walk through it”。故填so；deep；that。 四、短文填空(本大题共10小题，每小题3分，共30分) Great inventions and discoveries have played a crucial role in shaping human civilization. From the wheel to the Internet, each creation 41 (change) the way we live, work and interact with one another. Many inventors and scientists 42 (devote) their entire lives to exploring the unknown, driven by curiosity and a desire to make the world a better place. In recent years, technological advancements 43 (accelerate) at an unprecedented rate. Artificial intelligence, gene editing and renewable energy technologies are just a few examples of innovations that 44 (transform) various industries. However, the road to discovery is never easy. Inventors often face countless failures before 45 (achieve) their goals. For instance, Thomas Edison 46 (conduct) more than 1,000 experiments before successfully inventing the practical light bulb. What makes great inventors stand out is their ability 47 (think) differently and persist in the face of challenges. They are not afraid 48 (question) existing theories or try new approaches. Today, young people are encouraged to develop their creativity and critical thinking skills, as they will be the ones 49 (make) the next generation of great inventions. As we look to the future, it’s clear that innovation 50 (continue) to drive human progress, bringing new opportunities and solving some of the world’s most pressing problems. 【答案】 41．has changed 42．have devoted 43．have accelerated 44．have transformed 45．achieving 46．conducted 47．to think 48．to question 49．to make/making 50．will continue 【导语】本文讲述伟大发明创造推动人类文明，科技近年加速发展，发明家历经失败仍坚持，鼓励年轻人创新，未来创新将继续推动人类进步。 41．句意：从车轮到互联网，每一项创造都改变了我们生活、工作和彼此交往的方式。根据“Great inventions and discoveries have played a crucial role in shaping human civilization. From the wheel to the Internet”可知，此处用现在完成时态，强调对现在的影响，each creation作主语，用现在完成时has changed。故填has changed。 42．句意：许多发明家和科学家毕生致力于探索未知，他们被好奇心所驱动，渴望让世界变得更美好。根据“their entire lives to exploring the unknown”可知，动作从过去持续到现在，用现在完成时，主语many inventors and scientists为复数，用现在完成时have devoted。故填have devoted。 43．句意：近年来，科技进步以前所未有的速度加速。根据“in recent years”可知，此处用现在完成时态，主语复数，用have accelerated。故填have accelerated。 44．句意：人工智能、基因编辑和可再生能源技术，只是已经改变了多个行业的创新成果中的几个例子。根据句意可知，此处用现在完成时态，强调对现在的影响，先行词“innovations”为复数，用现在完成时have transformed。故填have transformed。 45．句意：发明家们在实现目标之前，常常要经历无数次失败。根据“before”可知，介词后接动名词achieving。故填achieving。 46．句意：托马斯・爱迪生在成功发明实用的电灯泡之前，进行了1000多次实验。根据“Thomas Edison”和“before successfully inventing the practical light bulb”可知，此处讲述过去事实，用一般过去时，故填conducted。 47．句意：让发明家脱颖而出的是他们不同思考的能力并在面对挑战时仍能坚持不懈。the ability to do sth.是固定用法，意为“做某事的能力”，动词不定式作后置定语，故填to think。 48．句意：他们不害怕质疑现有的理论，也敢于尝试新的方法。be afraid to do sth.是固定用法，意为“害怕做某事”，故填to question。 49．句意：如今，年轻人被鼓励培养创造力和批判性思维能力，因为他们将是创造下一代伟大发明的人。此处用动词不定式to make或现在分词making作后置定语，修饰the ones（年轻人），故填to make/making。 50．句意：当我们展望未来时，显而易见，创新将继续推动人类进步，带来新的机遇，并解决世界上一些最紧迫的问题。根据“As we look to the future”可知，此处用一般将来时，故填will continue。 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $