专项练12 问题解决类说明文（学生用书Word版）-【高考快车道】2026年高考英语大二轮专题复习与策略

专项练12 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述鸟类因窗户碰撞导致的死亡问题，以及通过实验和研究提出的减少碰撞的多种方法，如使用外部贴纸、薄膜产品和日常物品等。 1．B　[细节理解题。根据第二段中“However，if you put decals or colorful stickers outside of your windows，the birds are more likely to see the barrier and therefore avoid it．”可知，在窗外贴上花纸或彩色贴纸，鸟类更有可能看到障碍物，从而避开。故选B。] 2．C　[细节理解题。根据第三段中“‘Double-glazed windows reflect a lot of light...reality of physics impacts on a bird's experience as it flies near a standard window．”可知，实验的目的是弄清光的反射和鸟类撞窗之间的联系。故选C。] 3．B　[词义猜测题。根据第五段“When breaking down the problem of avoiding window collisions from a bird's point of view...seen clearly．’”可知，玻璃外表面的光线和反射图像使鸟类看不清粘在内表面的薄膜或贴花了，所以应该是遮挡住了粘在内表面的薄膜或贴花。由此猜测，obscure的意思应该是“遮挡；遮蔽；使朦胧”，和B选项意思一致。故选B。] 4．A　[段落大意题。根据最后一段“If you want to protect birds...be used to this effect．”可知，最后一段中Swaddle推荐了避免鸟类撞窗死亡的其他几种有效方法，比如使用家里的日常物品向鸟类发出信号等。故选A。] 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章指出电网中大量使用风能和太阳能的国家因天然气价格上涨面临能源账单增加问题，分析了原因并提出了解决办法。 5．D　[细节理解题。根据第一段中“The relationship between decarbonisation and swings in prices has been a controversial issue as governments consider clean energy strategies，but an analysis of power prices has now provided evidence to inform the debate．”可知，有争议的问题是脱碳是否与波动的电价有关。故选D。] 6．C　[词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句“Vast quantities of wind and solar capacity have been introduced across Europe in recent years，but these power sources are intermittent，generating electricity only when winds blow or the sky is cloudless．”可知，风能和太阳能只有在特定条件下才能发电，说明这两种能源是不稳定的。所以画线词“intermittent”的意思是“不稳定的”，与C项“Unstable”同义。故选C。] 7．B　[细节理解题。根据第三段中“Gas power plants，which can be switched on and off relatively easily，are frequently relied on to provide power when renewable generation is low．”可知，在高可再生能源系统中仍然需要天然气是因为它可以迅速填补供应缺口。故选B。] 8．D　[推理判断题。根据第二段“Vast quantities of wind and solar capacity have been introduced across Europe in recent years，but these power sources are intermittent，generating electricity only when winds blow or the sky is cloudless．”和第五段中“It is the need for flexible generation alongside wind and solar that is the issue．Bajo-Buenestado points out that other nations with low-carbon power grids，such as Norway and France，rely on hydropower and nuclear technology，which are reliable generators．”可知，风能和太阳能两种能源是不稳定的，而水电和核电是稳定的。所以，结合选项，核电(稳定)与风电(可再生)的组合是理想模式。故选D。] 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了过度旅游的现象和解决方案。 9．C　[细节理解题。根据第一段中“In April，activists on Tenerife staged a hunger strike against the building of new tourist projects threatening local water resources．Similarly，Greek communities initiated the ‘towel movement'resisting the privatization of coastal spaces that displaced local traditional fishing．”可知，新旅游项目会威胁特内里费岛当地的水资源，希腊沿海空间的私有化会取代当地的传统渔业，所以这两个地区的人抗议是为了捍卫当地人的利益。] 10．A　[推理判断题。根据第二段中“At the most insignificant level，overtourism makes visiting places less pleasant for those visiting”和“it can damage the local landscape，put pressure on local facilities，bend and change traditional culture．”可知，Adrian Phillips认为过度旅游可能不仅仅导致不方便，它还会让游客感到不愉快，破坏当地景观，给当地设施带来压力，扭曲和改变传统文化。] 11．D　[段落大意题。根据第三段“Thailand's historic city of Chiang Mai has recently charged...inappropriate behavior by foreigners．”可知，本段主要讲述泰国清迈和印尼巴厘岛对于过度旅游问题采取的措施。] 12．A　[词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句“Rather than set limits on the number of visitors or fine people for visiting famous landmarks，stakeholders should give full attention to the meaningful experiences，fair economic benefits，and sustainable practices that come with exploring alternatives．”可知，“限制游客数量或对参观著名地标的人罚款”以及“充分关注探索替代方案所带来的有意义的体验、公平的经济效益和可持续的实践”应是属于“旅游官员”的责任范畴。] 1 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专项练12　问题解决类说明文 说明：每题2.5分，本套试卷共30分 A (2025·四川巴中三模) According to Dr John Swaddle，a professor at the Institute for Integrative Conservation at the College of William & Mary，hundreds of millions of birds die every year from window collisions (碰撞)． However，if you put decals (贴花纸) or colorful stickers outside of your windows，the birds are more likely to see the barrier and therefore avoid it．Remember：never inside your window; always outside of your window． “Double-glazed (双层的) windows reflect a lot of light，especially when you view them from a slight angle，as a flying bird would do，”Swaddle told Salon．He is the corresponding author of a recent study which tries to figure out how this basic reality of physics impacts on a bird's experience as it flies near a standard window．For their experiment，researchers had birds perform repeated and controlled flight trials near windows with film (薄膜) products，BirdShades film and Haverkamp film，respectively． “In our collision avoidance trials，BirdShades increased window avoidance by 47% and the Haverkamp increased avoidance by 39%．But neither product was effective when the films were applied to the internal surface of windows，”the authors concluded． When breaking down the problem of avoiding window collisions from a bird's point of view，Swaddle explained，“The light and reflected imagery from the external surface of the glass is sufficient to obscure a film or a decal that is stuck to the inner surface from being seen clearly．” If you want to protect birds from easily avoidable deaths without buying window film products，there are other solutions．Swaddle recommended“pleasing fritted glass that could be used in new construction and which is also bird-friendly”．Besides，he notes that screens can be helpful as well，not only by limiting reflectiveness but by providing birds with a cushion if they make impact．It is also possible to use everyday household objects to signal to birds that there are barriers—netting，bits of string，colorful stickers，and paint．These can all be used to this effect． 1．What can we do to reduce bird window collisions? A．Decorating the inside of windows with decals． B．Applying stickers to the outside of windows． C．Selecting windows with two layers of glass． D．Keeping windows closed at night． 2．What are the researchers trying to figure out in their experiments? A．The effective ways to avoid collisions． B．The eco-friendly glass and films designed for birds． C．The relationship between light reflection and bird window collisions． D．The responses of birds when they suddenly hit the shiny windows． 3．Which of the following can replace the underlined word“obscure”in paragraph 5? A．Apply．　 B．Shade．　　　 C．Preserve．　 　 D．Discover． 4．What could we learn from the last paragraph? A．Solutions to prevent birds from hitting windows． B．Methods to lower the cost of windows． C．Eco-friendly glass materials． D．Bird-attracting objects． B (2025·湖南永州二模) Nations with large amounts of wind and solar in their power grids (电网) are particularly exposed to rising energy bills due to sharp increases in the gas price．The relationship between decarbonisation and swings in prices has been a controversial issue as governments consider clean energy strategies，but an analysis of power prices has now provided evidence to inform the debate． Vast quantities of wind and solar capacity have been introduced across Europe in recent years，but these power sources are intermittent，generating electricity only when winds blow or the sky is cloudless． Gas power plants，which can be switched on and off relatively easily，are frequently relied on to provide power when renewable generation is low．But gas is often the most expensive source of power，and electricity market rules mean the most expensive generator sets the price for the entire market． Raúl Bajo-Buenestado at the University of Navarra and his colleagues found nations with more wind and solar in their power systems were more vulnerable (易受影响的) to natural gas price shocks．Spain，for example，has large volumes of solar power and is particularly sensitive to power price changes．“If you have natural gas，wind and solar，this is going to make the perfect cocktail for you to be vulnerable，”says Bajo-Buenestado． It is the need for flexible generation alongside wind and solar that is the issue．Bajo-Buenestado points out that other nations with low-carbon power grids，such as Norway and France，rely on hydropower and nuclear technology，which are reliable generators．“We don't see a clear correlation between decarbonisation and sensitivity to natural gas price changes，”he says． Solving the problem will require nations to replace gas as the back-up fuel of choice．One answer is for grid operators to push the power system to become better able to absorb peaks and valleys in generation．“The underlying message is that getting a flexible system is now as important as building renewables，”says Michael Grubb at University College London． 5．What does the controversial issue in the first paragraph refer to? A．How rising gas prices will affect power grids． B．Which countries may face higher energy bills． C．What should be included in clean energy strategies． D．Whether carbon cuts are linked to varying power prices． 6．What does the underlined word“intermittent”in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Faulty． B．Costly． C．Unstable． D．Inefficient． 7．Why is natural gas still needed in high-renewable-energy systems? A．It helps lower energy costs． B．It can quickly fill gaps in supply． C．It ensures consistent market prices． D．It is a key driver of energy innovation． 8．What might be an ideal combination of power sources? A．Solar and gas． B．Nuclear and gas． C．Solar and wind． D．Nuclear and wind． C (2025·山东青岛、淄博二模) In many parts of the world，the volume of tourists has gone way beyond capacity．Overtourism，as is known，is now so widespread that many communities are pushing back．In April，activists on Tenerife staged a hunger strike against the building of new tourist projects threatening local water resources．Similarly，Greek communities initiated the“towel movement”resisting the privatization of coastal spaces that displaced local traditional fishing． When you see so many people protesting so widely，it tells you that the balance has been lost．The idea that most people benefit from tourism is no longer so clear．Symptoms of overtourism range from everyday problems，such as locals being priced out of restaurants，to deeper issues like the corporate takeover of affordable housing，which has caused widespread public anger．“At the most insignificant level，overtourism makes visiting places less pleasant for those visiting，”says Adrian Phillips，managing director of Bradt Travel Guides．“Most of us would prefer to appreciate St Mark's Square in Venice without having to compete for space．Besides，it can damage the local landscape，put pressure on local facilities，bend and change traditional culture．” Thailand's historic city of Chiang Mai has recently charged a $147.5 fine for tourists wearing unsuitable clothing in temple zones，alongside cultural training for guides assisting international visitors，which comes as the city experiences an explosion in tourism，putting pressure on its culture．The Indonesian island of Bali，where by the middle of 2024，international tourism arrivals—7.75 million—surpassed those of all of 2019，is also seeing pushback against the rapid-fire expansion of tourism，with hotlines set up to report inappropriate behavior by foreigners． In the long run，the key solution to reducing overtourism is to champion the advantages of the many wonderful spots away from the most heavily-visited tourist sites and encourage people to spread their tourist dollars more widely．Rather than set limits on the number of visitors or fine people for visiting famous landmarks，stakeholders should give full attention to the meaningful experiences，fair economic benefits，and sustainable practices that come with exploring alternatives． 9．Why did people in Tenerife and Greece protest? A．To increase income from tourism． B．To improve local service facilities． C．To safeguard the interests of locals． D．To prevent environmental destruction． 10．What does Adrian Phillips think of overtourism? A．It can be more than inconvenient． B．It reflects tourists'psychological needs． C．It can be managed through better planning． D．It is a necessary stage in economic development． 11．What does paragraph 3 focus on? A．Plans to drive tourism growth． B．Efforts to develop local attractions． C．Approaches to cultural preservation． D．Responses to overtourism challenges． 12．Who might the underlined word“stakeholders”in the last paragraph refer to? A．Tourism officers． B．Travel behavior experts． C．Eco-minded travelers． D．Tourism investment analysts． 高频词汇 A篇：barrier n．障碍物reflect v．反射respectively adv．分别地avoidance n．避免internal adj．内部的trial n．试验 B篇：sharp adj．急剧的 controversial adj．有争议的sensitivity n．敏感性 C篇：capacity n．容量；承受能力insignificant adj．微不足道的landscape n．景观；地貌 surpass v．超过；超越(文中指游客数量超过疫情前水平) sustainable adj．可持续的 熟词生义 A篇：film (常见义) n．电影 (文中义) n．薄膜 B篇：flexible (常见义) adj．灵活的 (文中义) adj．(电力系统)可调节的，能适应波动的 C篇：stage (常见义) n．舞台；阶段 (文中义) vt．组织；发起 charge (常见义) n．充电；收费 (文中义) v．罚款 重点短语 A篇：figure out 弄清楚，解决break down 分析，分解as well 也，同样 B篇：vast quantities of 大量的switch on/off打开/关闭 be sensitive to对……敏感，易受……影响 C篇：put pressure on施加压力给…… in the long run从长远来看 难句分析 A篇：He is the corresponding author of a recent study which tries to figure out how this basic reality of physics impacts on a bird's experience as it flies near a standard window． 结构分析： 主句：He is the corresponding author of a recent study 定语从句：which tries to figure out... 修饰“study”，其中嵌套宾语从句：how this basic reality of physics impacts on a bird's experience。 时间状语从句：as it flies near a standard window (“it”指代“a bird”) 译文：他是最近一项研究的通讯作者，该研究试图弄清楚这一基本物理现象如何影响鸟类在普通窗户附近飞行时的体验。 B篇：Gas power plants，which can be switched on and off relatively easily，are frequently relied on to provide power when renewable generation is low． 结构分析： 主干：Gas power plants are relied on to provide power 修饰成分： “which can be switched on and off relatively easily”为非限制性定语从句。 “when renewable generation is low”为时间状语从句。 译文：燃气电厂因其启闭相对灵活，常在可再生能源发电量不足时被用来供电。 C篇：Thailand's historic city of Chiang Mai has recently charged a $147.5 fine for tourists wearing unsuitable clothing in temple zones，alongside cultural training for guides assisting international visitors，which comes as the city experiences an explosion in tourism，putting pressure on its culture． 结构分析： 主句：Chiang Mai has charged a $147.5 fine for tourists... alongside cultural training... 动词-ing形式短语作定语：wearing unsuitable clothing in temple zones (修饰 tourists) 定语从句：which comes as the city experiences an explosion in tourism(which 指代前文“罚款和培训”，as 引导时间状语从句) 动词-ing形式短语作结果状语：putting pressure on its culture (表示旅游业激增的结果) 译文：泰国历史名城清迈最近对在寺庙区域穿着不当的游客处以 147.5 美元罚款，并为协助国际游客的导游提供文化培训，这是因为该市旅游业激增，对其文化造成了压力。 1 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $