专项练10 研究发现类说明文（学生用书Word版）-【高考快车道】2026年高考英语大二轮专题复习与策略

专项练10　研究发现类说明文 说明：每题2.5分，本套试卷共30分 A (2025·湖南永州二模) When we sleep，our brain is still actively processing the day's experiences and integrating them with past memories．Previous studies have identified links between pupil (瞳孔) size and sleep state，as well as between sleep state and memory formation．However，it has been unclear how fresh memories are processed without blurring into old ones．For example，how do we learn to play the piano without forgetting how to ride a bike? Researchers at Cornell University addressed this question by attaching brain-scanning electrodes and tiny eye-tracking cameras to mice．They monitored the mice as they learned new tasks during the day，such as navigating a maze，and then observed them during sleep．(Fun fact：mice can sleep with their eyes open．) The study revealed two distinct substages during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep，a critical period for memory formation．One substage replayed new memories，coinciding with narrowed pupils．The other involved recalling older memories，marked by widened pupils．These stages alternated rapidly．The team also discovered that during the narrowed pupil stages，blocking sharp-wave ripples (SWRs) limited the mice's ability to remember new information． It is also found that the brain has an intermediate (中间的) period that separates new learning from old knowledge．The results suggest that the brain can multitask distinct cognitive processes during sleep to facilitate continuous learning without interference．It's like new learning，old knowledge，new learning，old knowledge，shifting slowly throughout sleep． The implications of the study are far-reaching：such a non-invasive means of monitoring brain function may help treat memory issues and boost memory，for example．The study also supports the hypothesis (假说) that human brains and computer systems may significantly forget old information．Catastrophic forgetting，known in AI，is an area where machines still lag behind biology．What's more，the findings provide a potential solution for preventing catastrophic interference while enabling memory integration in both biological and artificial neural networks． Despite the many similarities between human and mouse brains，similar studies need to be conducted in humans to verify these results． 1．What do researchers at Cornell University focus on? A．How pupil size is related to sleep state． B．How people learn to perform new tasks． C．How memories are kept without interference． D．How sleep state is connected with memory formation． 2．What is the finding of the study? A．Blocking SWRs removes old memories． B．The brain processes new memories first． C．Widened pupil is associated with replaying new memories． D．A transitional stage distinguishes old memories from new ones． 3．What is the implication of the study? A．It provides an invasive solution to memory study． B．It helps avoid large-scale interference and integrate memory． C．It denies that brains and computers may forget information dramatically． D．It supports that machines perform better in catastrophic forgetting than brains． 4．Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text? A．Code of Memory Integration in Sleep B．Role of Sleep in Memory and Learning C．Pupil Size：A Window into Human Brain D．A Breakthrough：How Mice Sleep with Eyes Open B (2025·湖南长沙模拟) A recent study suggests that daily intake of omega-3 supplements may slow biological aging in older people，particularly when combined with vitamin D and regular exercise． We already knew that omega-3s—“good”fats found in seeds，nuts and some fish—can boost our immunity (免疫力)，heart health and brain function．They have also been linked to changes in epigenetic (表观遗传的) markers—chemical tags on DNA that control the activity of genes and，in turn，how cells behave．This implies that omega-3s reduce the pace of biological aging，often defined as a measure of how quickly someone's body is worsening compared with other people． Dr Heike Bischoff-Ferrari and her team at the University of Zurich wanted to explore omega-3's effect on aging further，as well as find out how it may work alongside vitamin D supplements and exercise．The team divided 777 people in Switzerland，aged 70 to 91，into eight groups．On top of their existing lifestyle habits，each group was told to take varying combinations of a daily 1-gram dose of omega-3，placebo (安慰剂) pills and 2，000 international units of vitamin D．In addition，some groups were instructed to do 30 minutes of strength training three times a week． At the start of the study，the researchers tracked biological aging using epigenetic clocks which analyze age-related DNA markers in blood samples．These markers typically decline with age，damaging cell function． After three years，the scientists found that the participants who took omega-3 only had aged by around 3 months less，on average，than those who were only given placebo pills．They took into account factors that could affect the results，such as the participants'actual age and sex．What's more，those who took omega-3 along with vitamin D and did strength training aged even less，compared with people who didn't introduce any of these habits．“The effect was somewhat more pronounced，almost four months of rejuvenation (恢复青春)，”says Bischoff-Ferrari． “These effects may seem small，but could be important for some，”says Richard Siow at King's College London．“For an older person，in about three months，there could be a lot of age-related decline going on，so this becomes more significant，”he says． 5．How do omega-3s slow biological aging? A．By slowing down the loss of muscle strength． B．By increasing the intake of vitamin D． C．By influencing the activity of genes． D．By handling certain kinds of fats． 6．What method did the researchers use in the study? A．Observing the daily life of the participants． B．Comparing different groups of participants． C．Interviewing the participants about their habits． D．Tracking the participants'social activities． 7．What was one of the key findings of the study? A．Exercise was more effective than omega-3． B．Omega-3 alone had no significant effect on aging． C．Vitamin D had the most obvious impact on aging． D．Omega-3，vitamin D and exercise together reduced aging most． 8．What is Richard Siow's attitude towards the findings? A．Doubtful．　　　 B．Appreciative． C．Uncaring． D．Unclear． C (2025·河南五市二模) How do reindeer manage to get enough sleep? One challenge for reindeer is that their habitat is different from that of most places on the planet:“In winter and in summer，in the Arctic，we either have constant darkness or constant light，”says Gabi Wagner，a neuroscientist at the Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research and an author of the study． “In summer，”says co-author Sara Meier，“they have an open meal and can choose what they like best，”including lichens，mushrooms，and plants．That's when they really fatten up．In winter，however，“they have to dig through the snow and maybe find some lichen or some grass．”The result，says Wagner，is that“they're very，very active and lead a rich life during the very short growing season in summer．And they're very lazy in winter when there isn't any food．” Wagner measured the reindeer's brain waves incessantly for several days straight in the summer，again in the fall，and once again in the winter．“What we found，”says Furrer，a researcher of the study，“was，first of all，they sleep a similar amount of time across the whole year．”Furrer thought maybe something was happening during rumination，the process of chewing their food．“While they chew，”Furrer says，“they are in a body position that is very similar to the one of deep sleep．So they usually have their eyes closed and they are quite still．”They're like us—they can't sleep one hour today and then catch up next week．Rather，reindeer need a certain amount of sleep every day． As scientists look to what's next，these new findings also echo the traditional wisdom of the Sámi，native people of Norway who have herded (放牧) reindeer for centuries．“Sámi reindeer herders have known all along that the animals need peace to eat and lie down to ruminate，”says Wagner who works with the community，“For the first time，we now have the physiological data that is a requirement for the reindeer．” 9．What is the main reason for reindeer's special sleep pattern? A．Their huge weight． B．Their eating habits． C．Their brain structure． D．Their living conditions． 10．Which can best describe reindeer's life in summer? A．Carefree and inactive． B．Sleepy and exhausted． C．Colorful and energetic． D．Lazy and demanding． 11．What does the underlined word“incessantly”in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Irregularly． B．Casually． C．Infrequently． D．Continuously． 12．Why is Sámi mentioned in the last paragraph? A．To back up the scientific finding． B．To present old herding ways． C．To introduce new research directions． D．To contrast with the new study． 高频词汇 A篇：identify vt．发现　boost vt．提升recall vt．回忆 block vt．阻止 B篇：pace n．速度，节奏 熟词生义 A篇：monitor (常见义) n．班长 (文中义) vt．监测address (常见义) n．地址；演讲 (文中义) vt．解决 C篇：open (常见义) adj．打开的 (文中义)adj．无限制的，充足的 重点短语 A篇：attach to 连接，附着 B篇：combine with与……结合link to与…… 有关联on top of除……之外(还) in turn反过来take into account考虑到；顾及 难句分析 B篇：They have also been linked to changes in epigenetic markers—chemical tags on DNA that control the activity of genes and，in turn，how cells behave． 结构分析： 破折号后面的内容“chemical tags on DNA that control the activity of genes and，in turn，how cells behave”是对“epigenetic markers”的解释说明。其中，“that”引导定语从句，修饰“chemical tags”，在从句中作主语，“control”是从句的谓语动词，“the activity of genes”和“how cells behave”是并列的宾语。 译文：它们也与表观遗传标记的变化有关——表观遗传标记是 DNA 上的化学标记，它们控制着基因的活性，进而控制细胞的行为。 1 / 6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专项练10 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了康奈尔大学的研究，该研究关注记忆如何被无干扰保存，揭示了非快速眼动睡眠阶段大脑处理新旧记忆的方式及研究意义。 1．C　[细节理解题。根据第一段中“However，it has been unclear how fresh memories are processed without blurring into old ones．For example，how do we learn to play the piano without forgetting how to ride a bike？”和第二段中“Researchers at Cornell University addressed this question by attaching brain-scanning electrodes and tiny eye-tracking cameras to mice．”可知，目前尚不清楚新记忆是如何在不与旧记忆混淆的情况下被处理的，康奈尔大学的研究人员通过研究解决了这个问题，即他们关注的是记忆是如何在不与旧记忆混淆、无干扰的情况下被保存的。] 2．D　[细节理解题。根据第四段中“It is also found that the brain has an intermediate period that separates new learning from old knowledge．”可知，大脑有一个过渡阶段将新旧记忆区分开来。] 3．B　[推理判断题。根据第五段中“What's more，the findings provide a potential solution for preventing catastrophic interference while enabling memory integration in both biological and artificial neural networks．”可知，这项研究有助于避免大规模干扰并整合记忆。] 4．A　[标题归纳题。通读全文，结合第三段中“The study revealed two distinct substages...alternated rapidly．”和第四段中“It is also found that...without interference．”可知，文章主要围绕睡眠中大脑对新旧记忆进行整合的方式展开，它就像有一套特定的规则或代码。A项“Code of Memory Integration in Sleep(睡眠中记忆整合的代码)”能概括文章主要内容，适合作文章标题。] 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了最近的一项研究表明，老年人每天服用欧米伽-3营养补充剂可能会减缓身体的自然衰老过程，尤其是当与维生素D和规律运动相结合时效果更佳。文章解释了研究开展的过程和意义。 5．C　[细节理解题。根据第二段中“They have also been linked to changes...someone's body is worsening compared with other people．”可知，欧米伽-3通过影响基因的活性来实现延缓生物衰老。] 6．B　[细节理解题。根据第三段中“The team divided 777 people in Switzerland，aged 70 to 91，into eight groups．”以及倒数第二段中“After three years，the scientists found that...than those who were only given placebo pills．”可知，研究人员在这项研究中对不同组参与者进行比较。] 7．D　[细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“What's more，those who took omega-3 along with vitamin D and did strength training aged even less，compared with people who didn't introduce any of these habits．”可知，这项研究的主要发现之一是欧米伽-3、维生素D以及运动三者结合能最大限度地延缓衰老。] 8．B　[观点态度题。根据最后一段“‘These effects may seem small，but could be important for some，'says Richard Siow at King's College London．‘For an older person，in about three months，there could be a lot of age-related decline going on，so this becomes more significant，'he says．”可知，理查德·西奥对这些发现持欣赏态度。] 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了科学家对驯鹿睡眠模式及其与生存环境关系的研究。 9．D　[推理判断题。根据第一段中“One challenge for reindeer...an author of the study．”以及下文关于驯鹿睡眠模式的研究内容可知，驯鹿有特殊睡眠模式主要是因为它们的生活环境。] 10．C　[推理判断题。根据第二段中“‘In summer，'says co-author Sara Meier，‘they have an open meal and can choose what they like best，'including lichens，mushrooms，and plants．That's when they really fatten up．”以及“The result，says Wagner，is that ‘they're very，very active and lead a rich life during the very short growing season in summer．And they're very lazy in winter when there isn't any food．’”可推知，夏天驯鹿的生活丰富多彩且充满活力。] 11．D　[词义猜测题。根据画线单词的下文“for several days straight in the summer，again in the fall，and once again in the winter”可知，瓦格纳在夏天、秋天和冬天连续几天测量驯鹿的脑电波，所以画线单词意为“连续的”。] 12．A　[推理判断题。根据最后一段“As scientists look to what's next，these new findings also echo the traditional wisdom of the Sámi，native people of Norway who have herded reindeer for centuries．‘Sámi reindeer herders have known all along that the animals need peace to eat and lie down to ruminate．'says Wagner who works with the community，‘For the first time，we now have the physiological data that is a requirement for the reindeer．’”可推知，提到萨米人是为了支持这项科学发现。] 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $