专项练9 新兴技术类说明文（学生用书Word版）-【高考快车道】2026年高考英语大二轮专题复习与策略

专项练9 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。瑞士研究人员开发了一种利用化学液体和紫光高效分解塑料为单体的新方法，有望简化并降低塑料回收的成本和难度。 1．D　[推理判断题。根据第二段中“Plastics are substances made up of large molecules...which in essence combines the monomers into a single substance，namely plastic．”可知，该段通过解释塑料的化学结构(单体、聚合过程)，为后文介绍“将塑料分解为单体”的新回收技术提供基础概念，起到知识铺垫作用。] 2．B　[词义猜测题。根据第三段中“The only caveats are that conditions in the container must be kept above 90℃，and the light must remain on the whole time．”可知，caveats指该技术在操作中需要满足的条件或要求，与“Requirements(要求)”含义一致。] 3．A　[推理判断题。根据最后一段首句“The researchers acknowledge that the reaction is slow，but also note that it has high output and is simple，easy and inexpensive to conduct．”可推断，后续研究可能针对当前技术“反应慢”的缺点，探索加速反应的方法。] 4．D　[标题归纳题。根据第一段中“In a new study，the researchers in Switzerland have developed a way to break down plastics into their monomeric substances，allowing for much easier and cheaper recycling．”及全文对该技术的原理和优势的介绍可知，文章核心是讲述“将塑料分解为单体”这一突破性回收技术。D项“突破：塑料分解为单体”适合用作标题。] 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家受仙人掌启发，研发出了可以在干旱地区收集露水的金属结构，为干旱地区提供清洁水源。 5．D　[词义猜测题。根据第一段内容可知，画线词修饰的plants指代cacti，这种植物能在干旱的沙漠中生存下来，所以推断resilient的意思是“能在困难环境中生存下来的”。] 6．B　[细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，是仙人掌收集水分的机制启发了Tegwen Malik去研究它。] 7．B　[推理判断题。根据第五段中“Starting in 2013，she set out to recreate that structure by engineering a flat metal reproduction of the stems and spines of the Copiapoa，which she began testing under a series of different temperatures and humidities．”以及“In 2023，Malik published a study showing that the irregular surface was 8 percent more efficient at harvesting dew than a flat sheet used as a baseline．”可知，Malik关于Copiapoa的实验重点是测试它的金属复制品是否有效。] 8．A　[细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Malik imagines desert homes with water-collecting features to provide clean water in dry regions．”可知，Malik的金属结构可能被应用于确保干旱地区的水供应。] 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍剑桥大学研发的金属有机框架(MOFs)材料在高效捕碳方面的突破及应用前景。 9．B　[段落大意题。根据第二段中的“In contrast...far above industry averages．”可知，第二段通过吸附效率、重复使用次数、实验数据等，集中说明基于MOF的材料卓越的二氧化碳捕获能力。] 10．B　[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The core innovation lies... other irrelevant components．”可知，MOFs的“分子筛”特性在于能将二氧化碳与其他气体区分开。] 11．D　[推理判断题。根据第四段中的“‘This isn't lab-bound tech—we're already installing systems in cement plants，'noted Alex Rodriguez．”及最后一段“Looking ahead...rewrite the rules of carbon management．’”可知，Alex Rodriguez认为该技术已应用于工业场景且被多行业关注，具有广阔的应用潜力。] 12．C　[标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中的“Scientists have recently developed a groundbreaking carbon capture material...with energy consumption reduced by 90% compared to traditional methods．”及全文对MOFs材料捕碳优势、原理和应用的介绍可知，“MOFs：碳吸附的突破”最能概括文章核心，适合作为最佳标题。] 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专项练9　新兴技术类说明文 说明：每题2.5分，本套试卷共30分 A (2025·山东泰安三模) In recent years，scientists have become aware of new problems associated with the mass production of microplastics，which can now be found in every part of the earth，including inside almost every person on the planet．Part of the problem is the difficulty and expense involved in recycling plastics，which makes it easier to throw them in the trash or the ocean．In a new study，the researchers in Switzerland have developed a way to break down plastics into their monomeric (单体) substances，allowing for much easier and cheaper recycling． Plastics are substances made up of large molecules (分子)，which consist of smaller subunits called monomers．They are formed using a process called polymerization，which in essence combines the monomers into a single substance，namely plastic．Pulling them apart again has proven to be difficult and expensive，until now． The new process involves placing the plastic substances in a chemical liquid and then shining a violet light on it as reactions in the liquid take place—no substance that promotes reactions is needed．The only caveats are that conditions in the container must be kept above 90℃，and the light must remain on the whole time．Once finished，the result is a container filled with monomers and other chemicals，which can be easily separated and recycled． The technique was discovered by accident，so the team sought to explain why it worked so well．They found that the chemical，when exposed to the plastic substance，produced chlorine radicals (氯自由基) under the light．The radicals then pulled hydrogen atoms from seemingly random parts of the plastic substance backbone，causing it to break．Even better，when it broke，a new radical was formed，kicking off more reactions． The researchers acknowledge that the reaction is slow，but also note that it has high output and is simple，easy and inexpensive to conduct．They suggest it could transform the recycling of plastics around the world． 1．What is the function of paragraph 2? A．To compare old and new recycling methods． B．To stress the urgency of preventing plastic pollution． C．To show the complexity of the new plastic-recycling tech． D．To provide plastic knowledge for the new recycling method． 2．What does the underlined word“caveats”in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Results．　　　　　 B．Requirements． C．Advantages． D．Barriers． 3．What might the follow-up study focus on? A．Speeding the reactions in the liquid． B．Reducing operating costs in the process． C．Raising people's awareness of recycling． D．Increasing the temperatures in the container． 4．Which of the following serves as the best title for the text? A．The Chemistry of Recycling B．Microplastics：Bad to Worse C．Plastic Recycling's Old Problems D．A Breakthrough：Plastic to Monomers B (2025·江西新余二模) We all know cacti (仙人掌) store water—but to survive，they also adjust their flower positions to gain more sunlight or shade，and so much more．Scientists have been copying the resilient plants'methods to help engineer our future． One of the most exciting advancements involves Copiapoa，a genus of cacti with at least 32 species found in the coastal Atacama Desert，the driest nonpolar desert on Earth．These cacti，typically five to six inches wide，can form gray-green bushes that spread out over an area otherwise empty of vegetation． Documented by many scientists，Copiapoas probably survive by“drinking”the salty fog that sweeps in from the sea every morning，as well as the dew—tiny bits of water—that forms on their spines (尖刺) and skin．This has inspired researcher Tegwen Malik from Swansea University to think about whether the dew-collecting process might be reproduced in metal structures． Specifically，Malik took a close look at the one-and-a-quarter-inch spines of Copiapoas and found that their surface has a series of tiny channels that broaden at the base．“This creates a surface roughness that enables dewdrops to move along them even against gravity，”she says． Starting in 2013，she set out to recreate that structure by engineering a flat metal reproduction of the stems and spines of the Copiapoa，which she began testing under a series of different temperatures and humidities．After several years of experiments—testing indoor and outdoor conditions，and with various cooling methods—she finally got it to work．In 2023，Malik published a study showing that the irregular surface was 8 percent more efficient at harvesting dew than a flat sheet used as a baseline． Malik imagines desert homes with water-collecting features to provide clean water in dry regions．“The easiest way could be to place dew-harvesting surfaces on roofs，but you could also have these structures in tents in the desert，”she says．“We truly have hidden treasures in the Copiapoa，and we are only just learning some of their secrets．” 5．What does the underlined word“resilient”mean in paragraph 1? A．Highly adaptable to different soils． B．Able to grow quickly and efficiently． C．Resistant to diseases and harmful insects． D．Capable of surviving difficult conditions． 6．What drove Tegwen Malik to study Copiapoas? A．Their metal-like surface． B．Their mechanism to gather water． C．Their typical appearance． D．Their ability to form water drops． 7．What was the main focus of Malik's experiment with the Copiapoa? A．Recreating a flat metal copy of it． B．Testing if its metal copy would work． C．Seeing how it survives various climates． D．Finding the most efficient cooling method for it． 8．How may Malik's metal structure be applied? A．To secure water supply in dry areas． B．To clean salty water in desert homes． C．To enable desert explorers to travel light． D．To improve ways to discover hidden treasures． C (2025·山东日照三模) Scientists have recently developed a groundbreaking carbon capture material using metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) to achieve highly efficient carbon dioxide adsorption (吸附) at normal temperature and pressure，with energy consumption reduced by 90% compared to traditional methods．This breakthrough，led by a research team from Cambridge University，offers a revolutionary solution for industrial emission reduction and could become a critical component in global decarbonization efforts． Traditional carbon capture methods rely on amine solution (胺溶液) adsorption，which requires high temperatures and pressures，consuming significant energy and causing damage to equipment．In contrast，the new MOF-based material employs precisely engineered porous crystal structures to selectively adsorb CO2 under surrounding conditions．“The adsorption efficiency is 20 times higher than that of conventional materials，and the material can be reused over 1，000 cycles，”explained Alex Rodriguez，the lead researcher．Experimental data revealed that the material achieved a single capture efficiency of 98% in man-made flue gas from coal-fired power plants，far above industry averages． The core innovation lies in the MOFs'“molecular sieve”properties．Researchers finely adjusted the rate of metal nodes (节点) to organic linkers，creating 0.35-nanometer holes that precisely accommodate CO2 molecules while excluding nitrogen，oxygen，and other irrelevant components．Remarkably，material regeneration requires only normal-temperature cleaning，removing the need for energy-intensive heating during desorption．This approach theoretically reduces the cost of capturing one ton of CO2 to $15． Beyond its technical superiority，the material boasts economic and environmental benefits．Made from sand-originated silicon and eco-friendly polymers，the material has production costs that are 30% lower than those of traditional methods．Partnering with industrial giant Siemens，the team has launched pilot lines capable of mass-producing kilometer-long adsorbent sheets．“This isn't lab-bound tech—we're already installing systems in cement plants，”noted Alex Rodriguez． Looking ahead，the technology holds promise for stabilizing renewable energy grids by storing solar or wind power as compressed CO2．Its closed-loop recyclability also removes electronic waste concerns．“A fireproof，paper-thin material that's cheaper than conventional batteries，”summarized Alex Rodriguez．“As steelmakers and energy providers line up for licensing，this MOF-based breakthrough is likely to rewrite the rules of carbon management．” 9．What is paragraph 2 mainly about concerning MOF-based material? A．Its basic components． B．Its excellent ability to capture CO2． C．Its complex production process． D．Its unique principle of regenerating CO2． 10．What do we know about MOFs'“molecular sieve”？ A．It requires high energy to operate． B．It distinguishes CO2 from other gases． C．It needs high temperature to store CO2． D．It creates large holes for gas capture． 11．What can be inferred about MOF-based technology according to Alex Rodriguez? A．It is still at the testing stage． B．It raises concerns about energy waste． C．It will replace conventional batteries． D．It has a great potential for applications． 12．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Challenges of Carbon Capture B．Innovations in Energy-saving Technology C．MOFs：A Carbon Adsorption Breakthrough D．MOFs：The Future of Clean Energy Storage 高频词汇 A篇：expense n．费用 acknowledge vt．承认 B篇：store vt．储存 adjust vt．调整 survive vi．活下来，幸存 flat adj．扁平的 C篇：capture vt．捕获consume vt．消耗 conventional adj．常规的 熟词生义 A篇：promote(常见义)vt．促进；提升(文中义) vt．催化 B篇：engineer(常见义) n．工程师 (文中义) v．设计；策划 C篇：pilot (常见义) n．飞行员；领航员 (文中义) adj．试点的 重点短语 A篇：become aware of意识到，了解be associated with与……有联系consist of由……组成 in essence本质上，实质上seek to do sth．试图做某事，力求做某事by accident偶然地 B篇：set out to do sth．着手做某事；开始做某事 C篇：in contrast相比之下lie in在于be capable of能够；有能力做 难句分析 A篇：Part of the problem is the difficulty and expense involved in recycling plastics，which makes it easier to throw them in the trash or the ocean． 结构分析： 主干：Part of the problem is the difficulty and expense involved in recycling plastics 为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰“difficulty and expense”；which makes it easier... 为非限制性定语从句，which指代前文整个情况，其中“it”为形式宾语，真正的宾语为“to throw them...” 译文：问题的一部分在于塑料回收的难度和成本，这使得人们更倾向于将塑料扔进垃圾桶或海洋。 B篇：Documented by many scientists，Copiapoas probably survive by“drinking”the salty fog that sweeps in from the sea every morning，as well as the dew—tiny bits of water—that forms on their spines and skin． 结构分析： 主句：Copiapoas probably survive by“drinking”the salty fog...as well as the dew... 状语：Documented by many scientists(过去分词短语) 定语从句 1：that sweeps in from the sea every morning(修饰“fog”) 同位语：tiny bits of water(解释“dew”) 定语从句 2：that forms on their spines and skin(修饰“dew”) 译文：许多科学家记录显示，仙人掌可能通过“吸收”每天早晨从海上席卷而来的咸雾，以及其尖刺和表皮上形成的露水(微小水珠)来生存。 C篇：Researchers finely adjusted the rate of metal nodes to organic linkers，creating 0.35-nanometer holes that precisely accommodate CO2 molecules while excluding nitrogen，oxygen，and other irrelevant components． 结构分析： 主干：Researchers adjusted the rate 定语：of metal nodes to organic linkers [金属节点到有机配体的(比例)] 结果状语：creating...holes (动词-ing形式短语作结果状语) 定语从句：that precisely accommodate...components (修饰“holes”) 译文：研究人员精细调整了金属节点到有机配体的比例，形成 0.35 纳米的孔洞，这些孔洞可精确容纳二氧化碳分子，同时排除氮气、氧气和其他无关成分。 1 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $