08 专题二 第四讲 主旨大意题（教师用书Word版）-【高考快车道】2026年高考英语大二轮专题复习与策略

第四讲　主旨大意题 考点1　标题归纳题 (2025·全国二卷阅读C篇) When Sonja Detrinidad opened her online shop selling houseplants，she didn't have high hopes for it．But the opposite happened：She was flooded，shipping out 1，200 orders in June of 2020 alone．In the past year，Detrinidad sent out more than 70，000 plants．Her success is just one example of increased time at home leading to an explosion in the houseplant industry． “Plants are in fashion right now，”says Dr Melinda Knuth，a researcher from the University of Florida．“People who live in plant-rich environments report a higher life satisfaction rating，”she says．“Adding more nature to our environment can change our mood and how we think．”Plants can improve our state of mind in a few ways but the biggest is by decreasing our level of cortisol，the stress hormone(激素) in our body． “Students who are around plants perform better academically than students who are in a classroom without plants，”says Knuth．“This productivity also translates into the workplace for adults．Our study showed that there was a 30% decrease in sick leave for people who were in plant-rich workplaces．” If you're among the groups of people who are enjoying the mental and physical health benefits of surrounding yourself with plants，don't beat yourself up if one(or a few！) doesn't make it．“Doctors practice medicine and lawyers practice law and you should allow yourself the practice it takes to sustain a plant．Tending to plants is an exercise in patience and learning．Be invested in taking care of it，but if it dies，go get another one，”Detrinidad says． 31．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Time to Replace Houseplants B．Plants Boost Your Mood C．Tips on Choosing Houseplants D．Plants Brighten Your Home 一、读文章，理清结构 第一段：以Detrinidad的成功为例引出室内植物行业的兴起。 第二段至第三段：通过Knuth的研究说明植物能通过降低皮质醇水平改善心情、提升生产率。 第四段：鼓励人们尝试养植物。 二、析选项，斟酌判断 A项(是时候更换室内植物了)：本文并未提及相关内容，无中生有，生搬硬套。 B项(植物能提升你的心情)：本文主要介绍绿植对情绪和健康的积极影响。该选项最能概括文章主旨，适合作为文章的标题。涵盖性强，覆盖全文。 C项(选择室内植物的小贴士)：本文最后一段虽然提及了这方面的内容，但不是文章的主旨。移花接木，偷换概念。 D项(植物点亮你的家)：本文并未提及相关内容，无中生有，生搬硬套。 三、对比选项得出答案 自主解答：B 考点2　文章大意题 (2024·新课标Ⅱ卷阅读C篇) We all know fresh is best when it comes to food．However，most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table．While farmer's markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey，Babylon Micro-Farm(BMF) shortens it even more． BMF is an indoor garden system．It can be set up for a family．Additionally，it could serve a larger audience such as a hospital，restaurant or school．The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens． Specifically，it's a farm that relies on new technology．By connecting through the Cloud，BMF is remotely monitored．Also，there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time．Because the system is automated，it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants．Rather than watering rows of soil，the system provides just the right amount to each plant．After harvest，users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pod(容器) to get the next growth cycle started． Moreover，having a system in the same building where it's eaten means zero emissions(排放) from transporting plants from soil to salad．In addition，there's no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the surrounding environment． BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives．About half of them walk or bike to work．Inside the office，they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic．“We are passionate about reducing waste，carbon and chemicals in our environment，”said a BMF employee． 31．What does the text mainly talk about? A．BMF's major strengths． B．BMF's general management． C．BMF's global influence． D．BMF's technical standards． 一、读文章，理清结构 第一段：BMF公司缩短了食物到餐桌的运输过程。 第二段：BMF是一个室内花园系统。可以服务于家庭、医院、餐厅或学校。 第三段：通过云连接，可以对BMF进行远程监控。 第四段：BMF实现了植物运输的零排放。此外，无杀虫剂和其他化学物质。 第五段：BMF员工在生活和工作中践行可持续发展。 综上所述，文章从各个方面凸显了BMF的优势。 二、析选项，斟酌判断 A项(BMF的主要优势)：本文主要介绍了巴比伦微农场(BMF)的一些主要优势，包括减少食物运输距离、通过云技术远程监控、自动化系统节约水资源、减少化学污染，以及员工的环保生活方式等。涵盖性强，覆盖全面。 B项(BMF的整体管理)：本文提到了BMF的管理，但侧重介绍该系统是自动化的，所以它大大减少了种植植物所需的水量，只需用新的预播种容器替换植株，即可开始下一个生长周期。移花接木，偷换概念。 C项(BMF的全球影响力)：本文未提及相关内容，无中生有，生搬硬套。 D项(BMF的技术标准)：本文未提及相关内容，无中生有，生搬硬套。 三、对比选项得出答案 自主解答：A 考点3　段落大意题 (2025·全国二卷阅读D篇) It should be noted that none of the items on wastED's menu was technically made from garbage．Instead，all the ingredients(配料) used were examples of meat cuts and produce that most restaurants would never consider serving．Things like kale ribs，fish collars，rejected sweet potatoes，and cucumber butts were all re-appropriated and，with the help of a number of good chefs，turned into excellent cuisine． 34．What is paragraph 5 mainly about? A．Why the ingredients were used． B．Which dishes were best liked． C．What the dishes were made of． D．Where the ingredients were bought． 本段为总分式。根据第五段内容“值得注意的是，从技术上讲，wastED的菜单上没有一项是由垃圾制成的。相反，所有使用的食材都是大多数餐馆永远不会考虑供应的肉块和农产品。羽衣甘蓝茎秆、鱼颈肉、被拒收的红薯和黄瓜头等东西都被重新利用，在许多优秀厨师的助力下，变成了美味的菜肴”可知，本段首句否定“垃圾食材”的说法，随后列举羽衣甘蓝茎秆、鱼颈肉、被拒收的红薯、黄瓜头等非常规食材来说明菜品原料的构成。 自主解答：C A (2025·河北石家庄模拟) Scientists have been looking at DNA to store all types of data，not just biological，but also digital．Yet while DNA is a great storage material，it's also quite delicate．Water or heat can damage it easily unless it's given an amber-like(似琥珀)coating．That new idea was borrowed from the 1993 movie Jurassic Park，in which scientists cloned dinosaurs from DNA trapped in amber． DNA is the world's oldest data storage device．The most amazing thing about DNA is that it can potentially be used to store any type of data．Putting information into DNA uses a process called encoding．“Your computer stores information in a binary format(二进制)，zeroes and ones，”notes Karishma Matange，a computational biologist．“Encoding works to change these zeroes and ones into A，C，G and T，the DNA bases that can store information．”The order of the bases in DNA is called sequence(序列)，which spells out the information it holds．To pull information back out from the DNA，you rewind the process． Scientists can store DNA for long periods．But it requires freezing temperatures，special equipment and dangerous chemicals，which makes the process costly．James Banal，a scientist in San Carlos，California，and his team came up with a new method T-REX．His team uses this method to trap DNA in a material similar to plastic．“Plastics are durable，”Banal points out．Besides，T-REX is a cheap alternative to enclose DNA． To test it，the team encoded the Jurassic Park theme music and a person's genome into DNA．Then they put the DNA in the glassy plastic．Damp and heat are DNA's biggest threats．But the T-REX material keeps damp out．The researchers heated it up to 75 Celsius．Later，they got the DNA by breaking the coating down．The best part，Banal says，is that the broken-down material can be reused to store DNA again． Banal and his colleagues want to use the T-REX method to preserve genetic data or even safely store biological samples that will be launched into space．And we might one day use it to store the massive amounts of data people generate every day． 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了DNA存储数据的原理，传统存储的缺陷及T-REX新方法，其成本低、耐用，未来或用于多领域存储。 1．How is digital information stored into DNA? A．By turning binary code into DNA bases． B．By freezing the DNA at low temperatures． C．By coating the DNA with amber material． D．By sequencing DNA from ancient samples． A　[细节理解题。数字信息存储到 DNA 中的核心步骤是编码(encoding)。计算机以二进制(0 和 1)存储数据，而编码过程将这些二进制代码转换为 DNA 的四种碱基(A、C、G、T)，通过碱基序列存储信息。这一过程直接对应选项 A，其他选项均与存储原理无关。故选A。] 2．What is the main advantage of the T-REX method for DNA storage? A．Breaking DNA down with chemicals． B．Offering cost-effective storage of DNA． C．Helping DNA survive extreme wetness． D．Withdrawing whole DNA from dinosaurs． B　[细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Besides，T-REX is a cheap alternative to enclose DNA．”和第四段“But the T-REX material keeps damp out...The best part，Banal says，is that the broken-down material can be reused to store DNA again．”可知，T-REX方法既成本低廉，又能防潮，并且可以重复使用材料来存储DNA，因此，T-REX方法的主要优势是提供了一种经济有效的DNA存储方式。故选B。] 3．What will the DNA storage technology be used for in the future? A．Cloning extinct dinosaurs． B．Reducing global plastic pollution． C．Preserving diverse samples． D．Speeding future space exploration． C　[细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中“use the T-REX method to preserve genetic data or even safely store...”可知，DNA存储技术未来将用于保存多样化的样本。故选C。] 4．What's the main idea of the text? A．A breakthrough in DNA data storage technology． B．How digital technology advances DNA analysis． C．The biological applications of DNA repairing system． D．How Jurassic Park inspired DNA preservation research． A　[主旨大意题。全文围绕 DNA 数据存储展开，重点介绍传统方法的局限性及 T-REX 技术的突破：通过低成本、耐用的塑料封装解决 DNA 易损问题，并探索其未来应用。选项 A“DNA 数据存储技术的突破”精准概括文章主旨，其他选项或聚焦细节(如 D)、或偏离主题(如 B、C)。故选A。] B (2025·山东济南三模) Suppose you're preparing for a tennis match．Your mind wanders，envisioning every possible outcome．Do you picture yourself in control? Or does your imagination toy with the idea of failure? The answer matters because it could affect your confidence and，ultimately，how well you will perform in the upcoming match．Although people don't take such moments spent in their imagination as seriously as they should，it can be just as vital as any physical practice，directly impacting your chances of success． This is especially the case in high-pressure situations where what's happening inside your mind outweighs what's happening outside．Your imagination shapes how you interpret the world around you and is capable of causing the same physiological (生理的) and emotional responses that are caused by external，real-life events．To take just one example，just as emotional pictures and sounds can cause the pupils to widen，so can emotional mental images in the mind． Another phenomenon highlighting the significance of the imagination is called functional equivalence，which refers to the way the brain doesn't always distinguish between imagining an action and physically doing it．For instance，when athletes vividly imagine running a race or sinking a basket，their brain scans reveal that the same neural circuits (神经回路) are activated as if they were physically performing the task．Other research with athletes using functional MRI (磁共振成像) has shown that mental practice engages regions of the brain involved in controlling the body and also activates areas linked to focus，motivation and emotional regulation． The principle of functional equivalence extends beyond sports．In one study，pianists were asked to picture moving their fingers across the keys，hearing the tune，and seeing the sheet music．Astonishingly，the same motor areas in their brains lit up as when they actually played． Many studies like this have proved the connection between mental imagery and real-world performance．Whether you're aiming to build confidence or prepare for a challenge，using your imagination with more intention could make all the difference．The key is to switch your mental channel to an image of capability，control and empowerment． 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述心理意象对现实表现的影响，介绍了“功能对等”理论，指出大脑想象动作时与实际执行动作会激活相同的神经回路，强调有意运用想象力可提升自信和战胜挑战。 5．How does the author start the text? A．By giving a definition． B．By explaining an opinion． C．By presenting a context． D．By sharing an experience． C　[推理判断题。根据第一段中“Suppose you're preparing for a tennis match．Your mind wanders，envisioning every possible outcome．”可知，作者通过设定一个具体情境(准备网球比赛时的心理活动)引入话题。故选C。] 6．In which aspect is mental imagery the same as actual occurrences according to the text? A．Requiring body movements． B．Initiating visual stimulations． C．Affecting physical functions． D．Causing emotional responses． D　[细节理解题。根据第二段中“Your imagination shapes how you interpret the world around you and is capable of causing the same physiological and emotional responses that are caused by external，real-life events．”可知，心理意象与实际事件在“引起情绪反应”方面具有一致性。故选D。] 7．In which case may functional equivalence occur? A．A learner conducts a discussion with a professor． B．A doctor envisions the procedure of an operation． C．A pianist videos finger movements for perfection． D．A speaker practices a deep breath before a speech． B　[推理判断题。根据第三段中“Another phenomenon highlighting the significance of the imagination is called functional equivalence，which refers to the way the brain doesn't always distinguish between imagining an action and physically doing it．”以及“Other research with athletes using functional MRI has shown that mental practice engages regions of the brain involved in controlling the body and also activates areas linked to focus，motivation and emotional regulation．”可推知，该理论适用于“想象某动作时大脑激活与实际执行该动作时相同的神经回路”的场景。B项“医生设想手术流程”符合想象动作且未实际执行的情境，符合功能对等理论。故选B。] 8．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Positive Emotion Brightens Your Life B．Mental Imagery Boosts Your Success C．Imagination Enhances Your Creativity D．Physical Practice Unlocks Your Potential B　[标题归纳题。文章开篇以准备网球比赛时的心理活动为例，引出想象力对实际表现有影响这一话题，接着阐述“功能等同”现象，即大脑对想象动作和实际动作的反应相似以及最后一段“Many studies like this have proved the connection between mental imagery and real-world performance．Whether you're aiming to build confidence or prepare for a challenge，using your imagination with more intention could make all the difference．”都表明了心理意象对成功有推动作用。B选项“心理意象助推成功”最符合文章主旨，是合适的标题。故选B。] 19 / 28 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $