07 专题二 第三讲 词句猜测题（教师用书Word版）-【高考快车道】2026年高考英语大二轮专题复习与策略

第三讲　词句猜测题 考点1　利用逻辑关系猜测词义 1．反义关系 根据画线词的反义词猜测词义 表转折：but，however，otherwise，though，even though 表对比：unlike，in contrast，while，on the contrary，on the other hand，rather than，instead of 2．同义关系 根据画线词的相同或相近意义的词语猜测词义 表类同：similarly，like，or，namely，in other words，that is to say，just as，and，also，as well as，the same as，as...as... 3．因果关系 根据前后因果关系猜测词义 表原因：because，since，because of，due to，thanks to，for，as a result of 表结果：so，therefore，so that，so/such...that...lead to/result in/contribute to，as a result 4．并列/递进 根据前后并列/递进关系猜测词义 表并列：and，also，not only...but also... 表递进：additionally，in addition (2023·新课标Ⅱ卷阅读C篇) In this“book of books”，artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures．We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school，with the book as a focus for relations between the generations．Adults are portrayed (描绘) alone in many settings and poses—absorbed in a volume，deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure．These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago，but they record moments we can all relate to． 30．What do the underlined words“relate to”in paragraph 2 mean? A．Understand．　　　 B．Paint． C．Seize． D．Transform． 1．依据画线词所在句中的but可判断，画线词所在分句与上一分句形成转折关系。 2．根据画线词上文“These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago”可推知，此处指书籍是人类之间相互联系和理解的纽带。 自主解答：A 考点2　利用语法关系猜测词义 1．下定义 be，mean，refer to，be called/named，namely，that is，be considered等词语后面的内容是对前面的注解性说明，相当于对前面的词语下定义 2．同位语(从句) 同位语(从句)是对其前内容的解释说明，也可以帮助猜测词义 3．定语从句 尤其注意which/who后的非限制性定语从句 4．举例 for example，for instance，such as，like，include，including等后的内容也有助于猜测 5．标点符号 注意破折号、冒号、分号后的内容；注意引号或括号中的内容 (2024·北京卷阅读C篇) The 18th-century philosopher Kant argued that the universe ultimately consists of things-in-themselves that are unknowable．While he held the notion that objective reality exists，he said our mind plays a necessary role in structuring and shaping our perceptions．Modern sciences have revealed that our perceptual experience of the world is the result of many stages of processing by sensory systems and cognitive (认知的) functions in the brain．No one knows exactly what happens within this black box．If empirical (实证的) experience fails to reveal reality，reasoning won't reveal reality either since it relies on concepts and words that are contingent on our social，cultural and psychological histories．Again，a black box． 29．What does the phrase“contingent on”underlined in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Accepted by． B．Determined by． C．Awakened by． D．Discovered by． 根据画线短语所在句可知，句中that引导限制性定语从句，指代先行词concepts and words，且结合常识，概念和词语取决于我们的社会、文化和心理历史，推测画线短语表示“取决于”。 自主解答：B 考点3　利用构词法关系猜测词义 1．派生法 (1)否定前缀或后缀，与原单词构成反义词，如dis-、un-(uneventful)、im-、-less、 mis-(misshapen) (2)后缀改变词性不改变词义，如deliver→ delivery (3)前缀co-表示“共同”；re-表示“又，再”；trans-表示“转移” 2．合成法 依据合成法组成新词，结合语境猜测词义，如blackboard 3．转化法 一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变：①形容词转化为动词②动词转化为名词③名词转化为动词 (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷阅读C篇) Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy：the digital declutter．This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days．At the end of the thirty days，you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value． 29．What does the underlined word“declutter”in paragraph 3 mean? A．Clear-up．　　 B．Add-on． C．Check-in． D．Take-over． 1．观察单词declutter含有前缀de-，前缀de-来自拉丁语，意为“away from”，这个前缀有“除去”“取消”“离开”以及“否定”“非”等意思。 2．结合语境，根据画线词后面的“step away from”可推测出词义。 自主解答：A 考点4　代词指代题 1．指代内容的位置 代词永远出现在原词之后，故代词所指代的内容在这一句的前一句中，或者前几句中 2．熟悉代词的含义 ①it/this/that可指代一件事②it/he/them/they/one/those指上文提到的人或物 ③which/that/who等关系代词指代所修饰的先行词，非限制性定语从句中 which 也可能指代前面整句话的内容 3．替换核实再比较 (1)用所找的指代内容替换画线代词，核实句意是否合理通顺 (2)比较所指代部分与选项，确定意思最接近的选项 (2025·全国二卷阅读B篇) There are up to 30 students at any given time in Ho's class．She generally works with their regular teachers to get lessons and tests being used at their home schools．Some teachers don't give the kids any assignments；they express sympathy instead．“I feel like it is a disservice to the kids，”Ho says．“They think their teachers don't care about their schoolwork．” 26．What does the underlined word“it”refer to in paragraph 4? A．Offering regular lessons． B．Paying extra attention． C．Assigning no schoolwork． D．Showing no sympathy． 根据信息句可知，一些老师不给孩子们布置任何作业，而是表达同情。Ho说：“我觉得这对孩子们是一种伤害”，由此可推断出，此处的“it”指代的是不给孩子们布置作业。 自主解答：C 考点5　句意猜测题 1．返回原文 找到该句，对原句进行语法和逻辑关系的准确分析。对需要推理的句意理解，首先要理解句子前后的语境，其次对此句在文章中的意思进行合理的推断，最后再归纳总结 2．归纳总结 找出与原句意思完全吻合的选项，一般来说，正确选项的意思与原句的意思完全相同，只是用其他的英语词汇和句式来表达相同的意思 (2019·浙江卷阅读B篇) Money with no strings attached．It's not something you see every day．But at Union Station in Los Angeles last month，a board went up with dollar bills attached to it with pins and a sign that read，“Give What You Can，Take What You Need．” 24．What does the expression“money with no strings attached”in paragraph 1 mean? A．Money spent without hesitation． B．Money not legally made． C．Money offered without conditions． D．Money not tied together． 本题利用意义吻合法解题。根据第一段中的信息句Give What You Can，Take What You Need．(尽你所能，取你所需)可知，此处 money with no strings attached的意思应该是“无条件提供钱”。 自主解答：C A (2025·四川邛崃模拟) Of the many patients who need an organ from a donor，90% go without．About 240m people live with rare genetic diseases，and most of which cannot be treated．However，a technique called CRISPR gene editing promises to help deal with these issues and many more． CRISPR is like an editor that can rewrite DNA letter by letter or gene by gene，to remove harmful mutations (变异) or add protective ones．Clinical trials will begin this summer on pig organs edited for transplanting into humans．If they succeed，a one-off therapy (疗法) could provide lifelong protection against heart attacks．Farming will benefit，too：CRISPR could raise yields or protect crops from climate change． Since CRISPR's discovery in 2012，it has begun supplanting old ideas that never reached their potential．Gene therapy，which uses viruses to insert genes into patients，can treat many rare genetic diseases but is and will remain costly．Genetically modified (GM) crops，which borrow genes from other species，have faced misguided opposition．CRISPR offers an alternative to both．But scientists must show that they can get CRISPR into more types of cells in the body cheaply and easily． For that to happen，a better system of regulation is demanded．Current regulations that govern drugs for rare diseases were not designed for an era of specialist medicines and will hinder patients from receiving new treatments．Developing drugs for a small group of people has always been difficult and many CRISPR companies are struggling．Drugs for rare diseases could be made more cheaply if requirements on safety testing and manufacturing standards were loosened． Agriculture also badly needs reform．Gene-edited foods fall under GM regulation in many regions，including the European Union，despite being quite different：gene-edited plants have had their own genes tweaked (微调)．Mindful of the threat of climate change to food security，Britain intends to implement new liberal laws governing gene-edited foods． 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了CRISPR基因编辑技术的原理、应用、优势以及面临的挑战。 1．What do we know about CRISPR? A．Its first clinical trial has made a hit． B．It can offer heart protection for good． C．It can activate DNA to promote health． D．It can edit DNA to ensure healthy genetic change． D　[细节理解题。根据第二段中“CRISPR is like an editor that can rewrite DNA letter by letter or gene by gene，to remove harmful mutations or add protective ones．”可知，CRISPR可以编辑DNA以确保健康的基因变化。故选D。] 2．What does the underlined word“supplanting”mean in paragraph 3? A．Replacing．　　　 B．Dominating． C．Reproducing． D．Declining． A　[词句猜测题。根据第三段中“Since CRISPR's discovery in 2012，it has begun supplanting old ideas that never reached their potential...CRISPR offers an alternative to both．”可知，CRISPR自2012年发现以来，已经开始取代那些从未发挥其潜力的旧观念，即supplanting意为“取代”，与“Replacing”意思相近。故选A。] 3．How can the technique of CRISPR be widely applied? A．Seeking guidance for the regulations． B．Calling for improvement for the regulations． C．Establishing strict testing and manufacturing standards． D．Using viruses from other species to insert genes into patients． B　[细节理解题。根据第四段中“For that to happen，a better system of regulation is demanded．Current regulations that govern drugs for rare diseases were not designed for an era of specialist medicines and will hinder patients from receiving new treatments．”可知，CRISPR技术要做到广泛应用需要呼吁改进法规。故选B。] 4．What is the author's attitude to the CRISPR technologies? A．Dismissive． B．Favorable． C．Doubtful． D．Reserved． B　[推理判断题。文中多次强调 CRISPR 的潜力并肯定其在医疗和农业中的价值，可见作者对CRISPR技术的态度是支持的。故选B。] B (2025·福建漳州三模) While either a bath in the sun or a walk in the rain can contribute to shaking off the stress and recharging from the inside out，getting our hands dirty supercharges the effect to a much greater extent，according to a recent study conducted by several universities． Over 50% of the individuals involved in the trial indicated that tending to the garden enhanced their emotional state，two-fifths of the participants stated that it helped them ease stress，and more than three quarters claimed that it presented them with a chance to establish a closer connection with nature． Besides，gardening brings additional bonuses．Exposure to nature can help bring down blood pressure，heart rate，muscle tightness and the amount of stress．Toni Salter，who led the study，said，“Activities like the act of weeding and the task of digging within the garden can provide a comprehensive workout for our entire body，facilitating the relaxation of our physical state，so the more time we spend on gardening，the more substantial the quantity of exercise our body will receive．” Gentle exercises such as potting up seedlings (幼苗)，watering and repotting plants have the potential to serve as a means of relaxation that frees us from the bonds of negative thought patterns．Being focused on nature not only increases our curiosity and makes us more flexible in our way of thinking but also，through planting and gardening，helps us develop patience and bring an optimistic expectation of the future as we wait for the harvest．“Planting a bulb (球茎) into cold winter soil，we yearn for a beautiful plant smiling in spring as well as ripe fruits nodding in autumn，”says Toni． Toni's suggestions：Choose plants and gardening elements that appeal to our senses，and look，smell，taste，listen and feel what we are dealing with．What matters is how to make the most of the time spent on it rather than focusing on how things turn out，so take our time，because taking things slowly and surely is the key to winning in the long run． 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是最新研究显示，进行园艺活动可以给人们的身心健康带来许多积极的影响。 5．What advantage may gardening bring us according to the text? A．Bettering our body figures． B．Enhancing gardening skills greatly． C．Establishing bonds with communities． D．Freeing us from being worn-out mentally． D　[细节理解题。第二段提到超 50% 参与者认为园艺“enhanced their emotional state”，40% 表示“ease stress”，结合第四段“frees us from the bonds of negative thought patterns”可知，园艺能让人从精神疲惫中解脱。故选D。] 6．What does the underlined phrase“yearn for”in Paragraph 4 mean? A．Expect．　　　 B．Monitor． C．Purchase． D．Transport． A　[词句猜测题。根据第四段第二句可知，进行园艺活动会让我们对未来的收获抱有乐观的期待。因此，画线短语所在句表示“在寒冷的冬天里种下一颗球茎，我们渴望春天里美丽的植物微笑，秋天里成熟的果实点头”，画线短语应意为“渴望”，与A项“Expect”意思相近。故选A。] 7．What is Dr Toni's suggestion on gardening? A．Selecting appealing plants． B．Taking pleasure in the course． C．Focusing more on the outcome． D．Involving more gardening elements． B　[推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，Dr Toni建议要充分利用在园艺上花费的时间，而不是只关注结果。由此可推知，Dr Toni建议我们在园艺活动的过程中获得乐趣。故选B。] 8．What is a suitable title for the text? A．Gardening：A Way to Develop Patience B．Gardening：A Cure for Mental Illnesses C．Gardening：An Approach to Calming the Soul D．Gardening：A Link to the Natural World C　[标题归纳题。全文围绕园艺对情绪(缓解压力、提升积极心态)和身心(放松身体、亲近自然)的治愈作用展开，C 项“一种安抚灵魂的方式”最贴合核心。A项(培养耐心)、D项(连接自然)为局部细节，B项(治疗精神疾病)过度延伸。故选C。] 1 / 27 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $