Unit 4 The Wonders of Nature单词语法讲解练习+单词音频2025-2026学年人教版英语八年级下册

Unit4单词 1.wonder /'wʌndə(r)/n.奇观；惊叹 v.琢磨；想知道；感到诧异 用法：可数名词，侧重“自然/人造奇观” 动词①接that/what/who/where 等引导的宾语从句，表“想知道具体内容” 接if/whether引导的宾语从句，表“想知道‘是否’” 短语：natural wonders自然奇观；the Seven Wonders of the World世界七大奇迹；a wonder一个奇迹 派生词：wonderful adj.极好的；绝妙的；令人惊叹的；精彩的 2.measurement /'meʒəmənt/n.数量；测量 构成：measure /'meʒə(r)/(v.测量；量度为)+名词后缀(-ment) 短语：take measurements进行测量；量尺寸；measurement of ... ...的测量/尺寸 square measurement面积测量 3.square kilometre平方千米 square n.广场、正方形；adj.正方形的、公正的 短语：in square成正方形；on the square正直地；公正地；square with与...一致 4.below /bɪ'ləʊ/prep.在(或到)...下面；少于；低于 adv.在(或到)下面 易混辨析： 用法 辨析 例句 表示物体之间的位置关系 below指的不一定是正下方 Our apartment is below theirs. 我们的公寓在他们的公寓下面。 under指在某物的正下方 The ship is under the bridge. 那条船在桥下。(在桥的正下方) 表示数量/数字方面的“少于；低于” below多用于表示温度、水平等 Night temperatures can drop below 15℃. 夜间气温会降到 15 摄氏度以下。 under多用于表示数字、数量、年龄、价格等 These toys are not safe for children under 5. 这些玩具对 5 岁以下的儿童来说不安全。 注意：所指的位置含义模糊时，below和under可互换。例句：We are lying under/below the stars. 我们躺在星空下。 5.level /'levl/n.高度；水平；程度 短语：high/ low level高/低水平；sea level海平面 6.surface /'sɜ:fɪs/n.表面；表层 短语：the surface of... ...的表面，后接名词(可数/不可数均可) on the surface表面上；从表面看，常用于描述外观与实际有差异的语境。 7.depth /depθ/n.深(度)；纵深 短语：in depth深入地；全面地 in the depth of 在...里面 8.dive /daɪv/v.&n.潜水；跳水；俯冲 派生词：diver n.潜水员 短语：dive into潜入；投入 dive from 从...跳水 dive to 潜到... 9.research /rɪ'sɜ:tʃ/v.&n.研究；调查 短语：do/carry out research进行研究 research into/on 对...的研究 10.vessel /'vesl/n.大船；轮船 短语：shipping vessel货运船；naval vessel海军舰艇；use a vessel to... 用容器来... 11.unusual /ʌn'ju:ʒuəl/adj.特别的；不寻常的 短语：be unusual for sb./sth. to do sth.对某人/某物来说，做某事是不寻常的 同根词：unusually adv.不寻常地；usual adj.寻常的；usually adv.通常 as usual照例；像往常一样 12.bottom /'bɒtəm/n.底部；最下部 短语：the bottom of... ...的底部 at the bottom (of...)在...底部(表位置) from top to bottom从头到尾；彻底地 from the bottom of one’s heart从心底里；由衷地 反义词：top n.顶部，顶端 13.waterfall /'wɔ:təfɔ:l/n.瀑布 14.civilization /ˌsɪvəlaɪ'zeɪʃn/ (= civilisation) n.文明 词根：civil adj.公民的；根据民法的 civilize v.教化；使文明 civilized adj.文明的；有教养的；civilizedly adv.文明地；有教养地 uncivilized adj.不文明的；野蛮的 短语：the development of civilization文明的发展 modern civilization现代文明ancient civilizations古代文明 15.means /mi:nz/n. (pl. means)方式；途径 短语：by means of... 通过...方式 by no means绝不；一点也不(若位于句首，句子需部分倒装) 16.development /dɪ'veləpmənt/n.发展；壮大 词根：develop v.发展；developed adj.发达的；developing adj.发展中的 短语：with the development of随着...的发展；personal/ professional development个人/职业发展 17.desert /'dezət/n.沙漠；荒原 v.抛弃 短语：the Sahara Desert 撒哈拉沙漠；desert area 沙漠地区；natural desert 天然沙漠；desert landscape 沙漠景观；desert sb./sth. 抛弃某人/某物 18.cubic /'kju:bɪk/adj.立方的 短语：cubic metre立方米 19.mile /maɪl/n.英里 20.pool /pu:l/n.池塘；水坑 21.climber /'klaɪmə(r)/n.攀登者；登山者 词根记忆：climb(v.爬)+ -er(表人/物)→攀爬的人/植物 短语：mountain climber登山运动员；rock climber攀岩者 22.northern /'nɔ:ðən/adj.北部的；向北的 词根记忆：north(北)+ern(表示方位)→北部的，北方的 类似的词还有 southern、eastern、western。 23.distance /'dɪstəns/n.距离；遥远 v.与...保持距离 短语：keep distance from... 与...划清界限/保持距离；at a distance在一定距离处in the distance在远处 派生词：distant adj.遥远的 24.survive /sə'vaɪv/v.生存；存活；艰难度过 短语：survive from 从...中幸存；survive on 靠...生存 派生词：survival n.存活，幸存；遗留物，残存物 25.condition /kən'dɪʃn/n.状态；境况 短语：living/ working conditions居住/工作条件；be in good/ poor condition处于良好/糟糕状态 26.degree /dɪ'gri:/n.度；度数；程度；学位 短语：数字 + degree (s) + Celsius/Fahrenheit ...摄氏度/华氏度 to...degree在...程度上；by degrees逐渐地 27.cliff /klɪf/n.悬崖；峭壁 【pl.】cliffs 28.changeable /'tʃeɪndʒəbl/adj.可能变化的；易变的；常变的 词根记忆：change(v.改变)+ -able(形容词后缀，能...的)→ 能改变的→易变的 短语：changeable weather变化无常的天气 词根：change n.变化(可数)，零钱(不可数)；v.变化 短语：change...for... 用...换...；change...into... 把...变成/换成；change one's mind 改变主意；a change in... 在...方面的变化 29.death /deθ/n.死亡；毁灭；破灭 易混辨析：die、dead、dying 与 death 的用法区别 易混词 用法 die 是非延续性动词，意为 “死亡”，指生命的结束，强调动作。与时间点连用，常用于一般过去时的句子中。 dead 是形容词，表示死的状态。与系动词构成系表结构，可与时间段连用，可用于现在完成时的句子中。 dying 是 die 的现在分词，常用作形容词，意为 “要死的，濒临死亡的”。 death 是 die 的名词形式，意为 “死；死亡”。 短语：the death of sb.某人的死亡；be dead 表“处于死亡/失灵/无活力的状态”(延续性短语)；die of + 疾病/年老/情感(表“内因”导致的死亡)；die from +意外/事故/外部伤害(表“外因”导致的死亡)；die out灭绝；die down逐渐减弱；die off逐渐死亡 30.determined /dɪ'tɜ:mɪnd/adj.有决心的；坚决的 核心变形：determine v.决定；确定；决心(及物/不及物)；determination n.决心；短语：be determined to do sth.= determine to do sth.决心做某事 31.above /ə'bʌv/prep.在(或向)...上面,超过 adv.在(或向)上面,在(或向)高处,超过 短语：above all首先；尤其是 32.teammate /'ti:mmeɪt/n.同队队员；队友 拆解记忆：team(队)+ mate(伙伴)= teammate队友 33.shoulder /'ʃəʊldə(r)/n.肩膀；肩部 v.肩负，承担 短语：on one's shoulder(s)在某人肩膀上，某人的责任/义务；shoulder to shoulder肩并肩地，齐心协力地；shoulder the responsibility承担责任 34.bit by bit一点一点地；逐渐地 35.ladder /'lædə(r)/n.梯子；阶梯；途径 短语：climb the ladder爬上梯子；social ladder社会阶梯 36.measure /'meʒə(r)/v.测量；量度为 n.措施；度量单位 派生词：measurement n.测量；尺寸 短语：measure up to达到；符合；take measures to do sth.采取措施做某事 37.successfully /sək'sesfəli/adv.成功地；顺利地 核心变形：successful adj.成功的，顺利的；success n.[C]成功的人或事物[U]成功，胜利；succeed v.实现目标，成功 【反义词】fail v.失败；failure n.失败 短语：make a great /huge success in ... 在...方面取得巨大的成功；be successful in (doing) sth.在(做)某事上成功；succeed in doing sth.成功做某事 38.risk /rɪsk/v.使...冒风险(或面临危险) n.危险；风险 派生词：risky adj.冒险的 短语：take a risk / take risks冒险；at risk处于危险中；at the risk of doing sth.冒着做某事的风险；the risk of (doing) sth. ...的风险；risk doing sth.冒险做某事；risk to... 对...的危害(to为介词) 39.curiosity /ˌkjʊəri'ɒsəti/n.好奇心；求知欲 核心变形：curiously adv.好奇地；curious adj.好奇的 短语：arouse one's curiosity引起某人的好奇心；out of curiosity出于好奇 40.ambition /æm'bɪʃn/n. 追求的目标；野心；雄心 派生词：ambitious adj.有雄心的，有抱负的 短语：have ambition有抱负/野心；achieve/realize one's ambition实现抱负 ambition to do sth.做某事的志向；full of ambition充满雄心 41.explorer /ɪk'splɔ:rə(r)/n.探险者；勘探者 核心变形：explore v.探索；exploration n.探索；exploratory adj.探索性的 短语：explore around... 在...周围探索；explore into... 深入探索 42.simply /'sɪmpli/adv.仅仅；只；简单地 核心变形：simple adj.简单的 短语：as simple as... 像...一样简单；be + simple + to do sth.做某事是简单的 易混辨析：simple与easy 易混词 含义及用法 simple 意为“(使用或说明机器、系统等)简单的”，多指因不复杂而显得容易。 easy 意为“不费力的；容易的”，多指因不难而能做或能理解。 43.risky /'rɪski/adj.有危险(或风险)的 44.southern /'sʌðən/adj.南部的；向南的 45.located /ləʊ'keɪtɪd/adj.位于；坐落在 核心变形：locate v.位于；location n.位置；located adj.位于...的 短语：be located in/at/on...某物坐落于/位于某地；the location of... ...的位置 46.freshwater /'freʃwɔ:tə(r)/adj.淡水的；淡水中生长的 47.type /taɪp/n.类型；种类 v.打字 短语：blood type血型；type in输入 48.attract /ə'trækt/v.吸引；招引；引起(反应) 派生词：attraction n.吸引；吸引力；景点；attractive adj.有吸引力的；迷人的 短语：attract sb.吸引某人；attract one's attention/ interest引起某人的注意/兴趣 be attracted to sb./sth.被...吸引；喜欢... 49.curious /'kjʊəriəs/adj.好奇的；求知欲强的 核心变形：curiously adv.好奇地；curiosity n.好奇心；求知欲 短语：be curious about 对...好奇；be curious to do sth.极想做某事；It's curious that... ...是奇怪的 50.traveller /'trævələ(r)/ (= traveler) n.旅行者；游客 短语：a business traveller 商务旅客 51.natural /'nætʃrəl/adj.自然的；天然的；天生的 短语：natural resources自然资源；a natural musician天生的音乐家 It is natural (for sb.) to do sth.某人做某事是很正常的 词根助记：nature(自然)+al(表示形容词) 自然的 nature n.自然；自然界；天性；本性 短语：in nature在自然界中；本质上 by nature天生 52.underwater /ˌʌndə'wɔ:tə(r)/adj.水下的；用于水下的 adv.在水下 短语：underwater creature海底生物；underwater world海底世界 53.northeastern /ˌnɔ:θ'i:stən/adj.东北的；东北方向的 54.coast /kəʊst/n.海岸；海滨 短语：coast line海岸线；on/ off/ along the coast在案上/在海面上/沿着海岸 55.coral /'kɒrəl/n.珊瑚；珊瑚虫 56.reef /ri:f/n.礁；礁脉 57.include /ɪn'klu:d/v.包含；包括 常见用法： ①include作及物动词，意为 “包括；包含”。 ②include后可接动名词作宾语，不可接动词不定式。 易混辨析：including与included 易混词 用法 including 作介词，意为“包括(其中)”，其后接宾语。 included 作形容词，意为“包括在内的”，放在所修饰的名词之后。 58.sand /sænd/n.沙子 59.alive /ə'laɪv/adj.活着；在世；有活力 易混辨析：alive、live、living 与 lively 易混词 用法 alive 意为“活着；有生气的”，作表语或宾语补足语。 live 意为“活的；有生命的”，通常作前置定语。 living 意为“活的；活着的”，作表语或定语。 lively 意为“充满活力的；生气勃勃的”，作表语或定语。 60.structure /'strʌktʃə(r)/n.结构(体)；构造；体系 v.组织；安排 常见用法：不可数(抽象)：表“结构、构造”；可数(具体)：表“建筑物，具体结构”。 派生法：structural adj.结构的；建筑的 61.snorkel /'snɔ:kl/v.使用呼吸管潜泳 n.(浮潜用的)呼吸管 62.school /sku:l/n.(鱼、鲸、海豚等的)群 63.turtle /'tɜ:tl/n.海龟；龟 64.lifetime /'laɪftaɪm/n.一生；终身 65.Nile /naɪl/ River尼罗河 66.Angel /'eɪndʒl/ Falls天使瀑布 67.Mount Qomolangma /ˌtʃəʊmə'lɑ:ŋmə/珠穆朗玛峰 68.Dead Sea死海 69.Sahara /sə'hɑ:rə/ Desert撒哈拉沙漠 70.Mariana /ˌmæri'ænə/ Trench /trentʃ/马里亚纳海沟 71.Titanic /taɪ'tænɪk/泰坦尼克号 72.Yangtze /'jæŋtsi/ River长江 73.Egypt /'i:dʒɪpt/埃及 74.Taklimakan /ˌtæklə'ma:kæn/ Desert塔克拉玛干沙漠 75.Mount Kilimanjaro /ˌkɪlɪmən'dʒɑ:rəu/乞力马扎罗山 76.Inga /'ɪŋɡə/ Falls印加瀑布 77.East African Rift /rɪft/ Valley /'væli/东非大裂谷 78.Victoria /vɪk'tɔ:riə/ Falls维多利亚瀑布 79.George /dʒɔ:dʒ/ Mallory /'mæləri/乔治・马洛里 80.Siberia /saɪ'bɪəriə/西伯利亚 81.Lake Baikal /'baɪkæl/贝加尔湖 82.Belgium /'beldʒəm/比利时 83.Great Barrier /'bæriə(r)/ Reef大堡礁 ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $Wonder, wonder, measurement, measurement, square kilometer, square kilometer, below, below level, level, surface, surface, death, death, dive, dive, research, research, vessel, vessel, unusual, unusual, bottom, bottom, waterfall, waterfall, civilization, civilization means means development development, desert, desert, cubic, cubic mile, mile, 拓，拓，primer, climate, northern, northern, distance, distance, survive, survive, condition, condition, degree, degree, Cliff, Cliff, changeable, changeable, death, death, determined, determined, above, above, teammate, teammate, shoulder, shoulder, bit by bit, bit by bit, letter, letter, measure, measure, successfully, successfully, rist, risk, curiosity, curiosity, ambition, ambition, explore, explore, simply, simply, risky, risky. Southern, southern, located, located, fresh water, fresh water, type, type a track, attract, curious, curious, travel, travel, natural, natural, underwater, under water, northeast n, northeast n coast, coast, coral, coral, reef, reef, include, include, send, send, alive, alive, structure, structure, snorkel, snake, school, school, turtle, turtle, lifetime, lifetime. Nile river, nile river, Angel falls, Angel falls, mount kalyba, mt. Co lama, that sea, that sea, sahara desert, sahara desert, mariana trench, mariana trench, titanic, titanic, yani river, yancy river, egypt, egypt, icon desert, icon desert, mount kilgorman, mount killen, jo inga falls, inga falls, east african rift valley, east african rift valley, Victoria falls, Victoria falls, George mallory, George mallory, siberia, cyberia lake by col, lake by call, belgium, belgium, great barrier reef, great barrier reef. Unit4单词句子练习 一、请根据所给的首字母或音标写出单词，使句子意思完整正确 1.The table's s______ is so smooth that books slide easily. 2.The river's water l______ rose quickly after the heavy rain. 3.In winter, temperatures often drop b______ freezing point. 4.I always ______ /'wʌndə/ why stars twinkle at night. 5.They found a strange stone at the ______ /'bɒtəm/of the lake. 6.The new gym near my house has a swimming p______ and a basketball court. 7.From the photos in the album, we can see the ______ (develop) of the city. 8.Did you know that some toilets could waste twenty to forty ______ /'kju:bɪk/ meters of water an hour? 9.The old man kept planting trees in the ______ /'dezət/ for many years. 10.A bus is a common ______ /mi:nz/ of transportation in the city. 11.The car is in a very good c______ even though it is ten years old. 12.She carried two bags on her left ______ /'ʃəʊldə(r)/as she walked home. 13.People in the ______ /'nɔ:ðən/ part of the country often see snow in winter. 14.The little girl looked at the strange insect with great______(好奇心). 15.The number of students in our school is______ (超过) 1,000 this semester. 16.Without enough food and water, it's hard for animals to______(生存) in the desert. 17.A straight line is the shortest d______ between two points. 18.We spent the whole afternoon walking along the beautiful ______ (海岸). 19.The children built a big castle with wet ______ /sænd/ on the beach. 20.Although the fish is out of water, it is still ______ /ə'laɪv/ for now. 二、请根据句子意思，用括号中所给单词或短语的适当形式填空 1.Nature lovers can enjoy a large number of natural (wonder) in China. 2.It is (usual) to see snow in China in the summer. 3.The exact (measure) of the room are 3 metres 20 by 2 metres 84. 4.Mary took a deep breath before (dive) into the swimming pool. 5.The (deep) of the lake is hard to measure. 6.Choosing the right pet is an important thing, so we spent time (research) different animals before picking our new pet. 7.Different (level) of books in the library tare suitable for students of different ages. 8.The tables' (surface) were very clean. 9.The journey of a thousand (mile) begins with a single step. 10.We saw several (waterfall) during our trip to the mountains. They fell from very high places. 11.Located in the northwest of China, Xi'an is seen as one birthplace of the country's ______ (civilize). 12.His cold was even ______ (bad) than yesterday. We had to take him to the hospital. 13.We all know that "metre" is a unit of ______ (long). 14.The little dog______(survive) in the snow for three days before we found it. 15.The temperature dropped to five______(degree) last night. 16.My friend likes to ______ mountains and he is a good ______.(climb) 17.The weather is______ (change) these days, so we need to check the forecast. 18.We should try our best to protect the environment, or the______ (die) rate(比率) of animals will increase. 19.With______ study habits, we can learn better and achieve our goals ______. (success) 20.Look! John is passing the ball to one of his______(teammate). 21.I wonder why he ______(risk) his life for a stranger. 22.The young ______(explore) discovered a new island last month. 23.The teacher explained the word to us clearly and ______(simple) so that we could understand better. 24.Although the weather was terrible, she______(determine) to finish the race. 25.Many kinds of birds spend winter in the ______ (south) part of China. 26.We saw______(school) of colourful fish swimming happily in the clear stream yesterday. 27.______ (nature) resources are important for us. And we should use them wisely. 28.The little boy was ______ (curiosity) about how the clock worked, so he took it apart carefully. 29.As ______ (travel), we should remember: When in Rome, do as the Romans do. 30.It's ______ (risk) to cross the road without looking both ways first. 31.The book ______ (include) four short stories. These short stories are interesting. 32.The school is ______ (locate) near the city park. 33.The Great Wall is a famous ______ (attract) and many people visit it every year. 34.Zhujiajiao is an amazing ancient town and it ______(attract) millions of tourists every year. 35.There are many old ______ (structure) in this city, and they tell us past stories. 三、根据汉语提示完成句子(每空一词) 1.在地球上，笑容是最美的语言。 A smile is the most beautiful language . 2.桂林的漓江是中国著名的自然奇观之一。 The Li River in Guilin is one of the famous in China. 3.昨天他们在城市附近的海中看到一艘大型的中国船只。 They saw a large in the sea near the city yesterday. 4.这个小岛只有五平方千米。 The small island is only five . 5.保护海洋环境对地球的未来至关重要。 Protecting the environment is vital for Earth's future. 6.这个智能手表虽然小巧，但功能强大。 This smartwatch is small but very powerful. 7.顺便问一下，你知道怎么用英语说“碳中和”吗？ , do you know how to say "carbon neutrality" in English? 8.我会抓住每个提升自我的机会，用一切方法实现我的目标。 I'll catch every chance to improve myself and achieve my goal . 9.这座古镇助力古代文明发展。 The old town helps to develop. 10.这栋公寓楼大约 200 米高。 This apartment building is about 200 . 11.鄱阳湖是中国第二大湖。 The Poyang Lake is lake in China. 12.通过努力学习，他的英语水平逐渐提高了。 His English improved through hard work. 13.孩子们只有和成年人在一起才能参观博物馆。 Children can visit the museum they're with adults. 14.长城是世界上最伟大的奇迹之一，每年吸引无数游客。 The Great Wall is in the world, attracting millions of tourists every year. 15.那位探险者成功穿越了森林。 The explorer going through the forest. 16.山顶的温度在零度以上。 The temperature at the mountain top is . 17.这位年轻人充满雄心，计划攀登世界上最高的山峰。 The young man is and plans to climb the highest mountain in the world. 18.昨天他用力把草从地里拔了出来。 He the grass the ground with force yesterday. 19.中国东北海岸的旅游业正在蓬勃发展。 The tourism industry is booming China. 20.对许多学生来说，考上理想的大学是他们一生的梦想。 For many students, entering the ideal university is . 四、根据汉语意思翻译句子 1.我们沿着海岸走了很长时间，看到很多美丽的风景。(walk along the coast) 2.那些旧照片让过去的记忆重新活了过来。(come alive) 3.这条河里有三种不同类型的鱼。(type of) 4.我们在乘船旅行时看到一群海龟在岛屿附近游泳。(a school of) 5.他一生都住在一个小村庄里，从未去过别的地方旅行。(in one's lifetime) 6.洞庭湖是中国最大的淡水湖之一。 7.游客不仅可以近距离接触大象，还能从饲养员那里了解更多关于大象的知识。 8.通过参观这里，人们可以了解到保护野生动物的重要性。 9.人们说它高得连鸟儿都够不着。 10.自然让我们惊叹。这就是它的美妙之处。 参考答案 一、1-5 surface; level; below; wonder; bottom 6-10 pool; development; cubic; desert; means 11-15 condition; shoulder; northern; curiosity; above 16-20 survive; distance; coast; sand; alive 二、1-5 wonders; unusual; measurements; diving; depth 6-10 researching; levels; surfaces; miles; waterfalls 11-15 civilization; worse; length; survived; degrees 16-20 climb, climber; changeable; death; successful, successfully; teammates 21-25 risked; explorer; simply; determined; southern 26-30 schools; Natural; curious; travellers; risky 31-35 includes; located; attraction; attracts; structures 三、1.on earth 2. natural wonders 3. Chinese vessel 4. square kilometres 5.in the ocean 6.in size 7.By the way 8.by all means 9.ancient civilizations 10.metres high/ tall 11.the second largest 12.bit by bit/ little by little 13.only if 14.one of the greatest wonders 15.succeeded in 16.above zero 17.full of/ filled with ambition 18.pulled out of 19.on the northeast coast of 20.their lifelong dream 四、1.We walked along the coast for a long time and saw many beautiful views. 2.Those old photos make past memories come alive again. 3.There are three different types of fishes in this river. 4.We saw a school of turtles swimming near the island during our boat trip. 5.In his lifetime he lived in a small village and never travelled/traveled to other places. 6.Dongting Lake is one of the largest freshwater lakes in China. 7.Visitors can not only get close to elephants, but also learn more about elephants from keepers. 8.By visiting it, people can know the importance of protecting wild animals. 9.People said it was so high that even birds could not reach it. 10.Nature makes us wonder. That is why it is wonderful. ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit4句式语法+练习 句式(sentences) 一、同级比较的句型 教材原句：Some blind animals can "see" as well as others.有些失明的动物能和其他动物一样“看见”。 句式结构：表示两者在某一方面相同时，用“as + 形容词或副词原级 + as”的结构。表示一方在某一方面不及另一方时，用“not as/so + 形容词或副词原级 + as”的结构。 ●Today is as hot as yesterday.今天和昨天一样热。 二、物体长、宽、高、深等的表达方法 教材原句：It travels the farthest and is about 6,300 kilometres long.它流得最远，约 6,300千米长。 句式结构：①基数词 + 单位词 + 形容词 ②基数词 + 单位词 + in + 名词(size、length、width、height、depth等) ③基数词 - 单位词的单数形式 - 形容词(中间为英文连字符，此结构用于名词前，作定语) ●The Yangtze River is about 6,300 kilometres long and the Yellow River is about 5,460 kilometres long.长江约 6,300 千米长，黄河约5,460 千米长。 ●The Sahara is more than 9,000,000 square kilometres in size.撒哈拉沙漠的面积超过 9,000,000 平方千米。 ●This is a ten-metre-wide street.这是一条10米宽的街道。 三、“one of + the/one's + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数”结构 教材原句：To most people, Mount Qomolangma is one of the greatest wonders of the world. 对大多数人来说，珠穆朗玛峰是世界上最伟大的奇观之一。 句式结构：“one of + the/one's + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数”表示“最…… 的……之一”，该结构作主语时，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。该结构也可作表语。“one of + 可数名词复数”意为“…… 之一”。 ●The Horsetail Fall is one of Yosemite National Park's most amazing views.马尾瀑布是约塞米蒂国家公园的最惊人的景点之一。 ●One of my friends comes from Canada.我的一位朋友来自加拿大。 ●She is one of my best friends.她是我最好的朋友之一。 语法(grammar) 一、形容词和副词的比较级 教材原句：which Chinese vessel dived deeper in the water than many others哪艘中国的大船比许多其他大船在水中潜得更深 1.形容词和副词的比较级的变化 ①规则变化 一、形容词和副词的比较级 1. 形容词和副词的比较级的变化 ①规则变化 单词类型 条件 构成方法 例词 单音节词和部分双音节词 一般情况 在词尾加-er long—longer; short—shorter 以不发音的字母e 结尾 在词尾加-r nice—nicer; large—larger 重读闭音节且词尾只有一个辅音字母 双写辅音字母再加-er big—bigger; hot—hotter 以“辅音字母 + y”结尾的双音节词 变 y 为 i，再加-er busy—busier; friendly—friendlier 部分双音节词和多音节词 无 词前加 more quickly—more quickly; interesting—more interesting ②不规则变化 (部分特例) 原级 比较级 good/well better bad/badly worse many/much more little less far farther/further 2.形容词和副词的比较级的用法和句型 当需要对两个人或物进行比较时，需要用到形容词或副词的比较级。在含有 “比较级 + than”的句型中，当than前后所使用的实义动词相同时，通常用助动词代替后面的实义动词，该实义动词或助动词有时可以省略。常见的句型有： ① A+be 动词 + 形容词比较级 + than+B. ●My bike is newer than Tom's.我的自行车比汤姆的(自行车)新。 ●He is more hard-working than me.他比我更勤奋。 ② A + 实义动词 + 形容词比较级 + 名词 + than+B. ●She has longer hair than her sister.她的头发比她妹妹的长。 ③ A + 实义动词 + 副词比较级 + than+B. ●He runs faster than Tom. 他跑得比汤姆快。 联想拓展：比较级的特殊结构 ①“比较级 + and + 比较级”表示“越来越……”，如bigger and bigger(越来越大)。当形容词需要加more构成比较级时，则变为“more and more + 形容词原级”，如 more and more popular (越来越流行)。 ②“the + 比较级 (+ 主语 + 谓语)，the + 比较级 (+ 主语 + 谓语)”表示 “越……，越……”。 ●The more, the better. 越多越好。 3.可以修饰比较级的词或短语 “a little...”和“a bit...”表示“……一点”；“much...”、“a lot...”和“far...” 表示“……得多”；“even...”表示“甚至……”。 ●She is a little thinner than me.她比我更瘦一点。 ●Peter plays basketball much better than Jill.彼得打篮球比吉尔好多了。 二、形容词和副词的最高级 教材原句：What is the largest shark in the deep sea? 深海中最大的鲨鱼是什么？ 1.定义 形容词、副词的最高级用于三者或三者以上的人或物的比较，意为“最……”。 2.形容词、副词的最高级的构成 ①规则变化 变化规则 例词 一般在词尾加-est cold—coldest; small—smallest 以字母e结尾的单音节词和以-le结尾的双音节词，在词尾加-st nice—nicest; simple—simplest 以“辅音字母 + y”结尾的双音节词，变y为i，再加-est easy—easiest; happy—happiest 重读闭音节词词尾只有一个辅音字母时，先双写该辅音字母，再加-est big—biggest; fat—fattest; thin—thinnest 多音节和部分双音节的词需要在形容词原级前加most构成最高级 beautiful—most beautiful ②不规则变化 good/well—best; little—least; bad/badly—worst; many/much—most 口诀助记： 最高级很容易，原级后面加-est。规则同于比较级，注意一点便可以。部分双音、多音节，最高级前要加most。若是副词最高级，用不用the皆可以。 3.形容词、副词最高级的标志 ①形容词最高级前通常要加定冠词the，副词最高级前面的the可以省略。 ●Kate is the most hard-working student in our school.凯特是我们学校最勤奋的学生。 Note：形容词最高级前面若有物主代词、指示代词或名词所有格等修饰时，不用定冠词the。形容词最高级前若有序数词时，the应放在序数词之前。 ●Bob is Mr Green's youngest son.鲍勃是格林先生最小的儿子。 ●She is the third shortest student in Class Two.她是二班个子第三矮的学生。 ②形容词、副词最高级常与介词in或of组成的短语连用，in表示“在某范围内”，不一定是同类；of后的名词或代词与比较的对象是同一类人或物，表示“在某同类中”。 ●He is the oldest dentist in the hospital.他是这所医院中年龄最大的牙医。 ●He is the oldest of all the dentists.他是所有牙医中年龄最大的。 4.含形容词、副词最高级的句式 含有形容词、副词最高级的句子的基本结构：“主语 + 谓语 (+the)+ 形容词或副词最高级 + 比较范围”。形容词和副词最高级还常出现在以下句型中： ①Who/Which…, A, B or C?在选择疑问句中，如果有三者或三者以上可供选择，且有 or 连接时，要用形容词或副词最高级。 ●Which is the biggest, the earth, the sun or the moon?地球、太阳和月亮，哪个最大？ ②“one of the + 形容词最高级 + 复数名词”表示“最…… 的…… 之一”。 ●Xi'an is one of the oldest cities in China.西安是中国最古老的城市之一。 5.形容词和副词最高级的意义也可以用含有比较级的结构来表达。常见的有： ①形容词/副词比较级 + than+any other + 单数名词 ●Jack gets up earlier than any other student in our class.杰克在我们班比任何其他学生都起得早。 ②形容词/副词比较级 + than+the other + 复数名词 ●Linda is quieter than the other girls in her class.琳达比她班上其他女孩更安静。 三、基数词 (1)基数词的构成 ①基数词1–12是独立的单词，需要逐个记忆。 ②基数词13–19是由“个位基数词 + -teen”构成的，其中thirteen、fifteen是特例。此外还要注意18(eighteen)的拼写，eight以字母t结尾，因此只加-een 即可。③20–90之间的整十基数词以-ty 结尾，其中20(twenty)、30(thirty)、40(forty)、50(fifty)、80(eighty)的拼写特殊。 ④21–99之间，表示“几十几”的基数词的构成是“整十数 + 个位数”，其间用连字符“-”连接。如：21(twenty-one)，95(ninety-five)。 (2)基数词的读法 ①在读三位数的基数词时，在百位和十位之间（若十位为零，则在百位和个位之间）用and连接。 653 读作：six hundred and fifty-three 101 读作：one hundred and one 309 读作：three hundred and nine ②在读四位数及四位数以上的基数词时，先从右往左，每三位数加一个逗号，用这个方法把数字分成若干千段，再一段一段地读。从右往左的第一个逗号前的数字后加thousand，第二个逗号前的数字后加million，第三个逗号前的数字后加 billion。 1,023 读作：one thousand and twenty-three 24,329 读作：twenty-four thousand three hundred and twenty-nine 5,689,008 读作：five million six hundred and eighty-nine thousand and eight 练习： 一、单项选择 ( )1.It is said that smart technology is making people ______ than before and doing them harm. A. lazy B. lazier C. laziest D. the laziest ( )2.Lingling is one of ______ students in my class. She is always ready to offer help. A. helpful B. more helpful C. less helpful D. the most helpful ( )3.—Can you teach me how to improve spoken English? —The more you practise, ______ it becomes. A. the worse B. the worst C. the better D. the best ( )4.—Which kind of movies do you prefer, action movies or comedies? —I like action movies ______. A. well B. better C. the better D. the best ( )5.With the teacher's help, Li Lei does his homework as ______ as others. A. careful B. carefully C. more careful D. more carefully 二、用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空 6.For ______ (far) information, please call Miss Smith on 13912206666. 7.It's true that home is the ______ (warm) place wherever we go. 8.On Friday afternoon, our school ends ______ (early) than usual. 9.Mary does homework ______ (careful) in her class and she always gets the best grades. 10.There are ______ (many) people in the park today because the weather is better than yesterday. 三、根据汉语意思完成句子（每空一词） 11.这个洞是那个的三倍深。 This hole is_______ _______ _______ _______that one. 12.他变得对英语越来越感兴趣。 He is becoming_______ _______ _______ _______in English. 13.黄河是我国第二长河。 The Yellow River is_______ _______ _______river in our country. 14.罗宾认为英语比数学容易得多。 Robin thinks English is_______ _______ _______maths. 15.打篮球和踢足球一样有意思。 Playing basketball is_______ _______ _______playing football. 四、根据短文内容，用括号内所给单词的正确形式补全短文 Hello, kids! Do you know that animals also have their own ''Olympic Games'' in the wild? Let's see who the champions (冠军) are! The cheetah(猎豹) is the fastest runner. It can run 16._______(fast) than any other animal. Its legs are much 17._______(strong), which helps it run like the wind. The giraffe is the tallest animal on land. It is 18._______(tall) than all the other animals. With its long neck, it can reach the leaves on 19._______(high) parts of the trees than other animals do. In the water, the blue whale is 20._______(big) and heaviest. It can grow to over 30 metres long and weigh more than 130,000 kilograms—that's 21._______(long) than three buses and 22._______(heavy) than 20 elephants. The chameleon (变色龙) is very good at hiding. It can change its colour 23. _______(quickly) than most animals. It can blend (融合) into the environment 24. _______(well) than others, making it hard to be seen. Bees are hard-working. They fly from flower to flower to collect nectar (采集花蜜), and they are one of 25._______(busy) workers in the animal world. Our animal friends are all so amazing. They show us how interesting and wonderful the animal kingdom is! 一、1-5 BDCBB 二、6-10 further; warmest; earlier; (the) most carefully; more 三、11-15. three times deeper than; more and more interested; the second longest; much easier than; as interesting as 四、16-25 faster; stronger; taller; higher; the biggest; longer; heavier; more quickly; better; the busiest ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $