Unit 11 Rules Matter! 反身代词和情态动词must,should-【简语法-单元核心语法精练】英语七年级下册（仁爱科普版）

该初中英语单元学习任务单以“Rules Matter!”为主题，聚焦反身代词和情态动词must/should的核心语法，通过“核心语法回顾-专项能力突破-解题综合提升”的递进式设计，用表格系统梳理形式、用法及典型例句（含正误对比），构建从基础到应用的完整学习路径。 亮点在于“规则主题”情境化任务设计，如通过“禁止钓鱼”标语改写、安全规则短文填空等练习，融合语言能力（语法应用）与思维品质（正误分析）。资料包含分层练习（选择、填空、句子改写）和使用注意事项，助力学生巩固语法规则，为教师单元复习提供系统教学支持，培养学习能力。

单元核心语法精练 Unit 11 Rules Matter! （反身代词和情态动词must,should） 内容提要 核心语法回顾 专项能力突破 解题综合提升 本表系统梳理反身代词的形式与用法、情态动词 must/should 的核心功能，搭配规则主题典型例句与正误对比，助力精准掌握语法应用规则。 语法模块 核心要点 具体内容 典型例句（含正误对比） 一、反身代词（表自身关系） 1. 形式与构成 ① 单数：myself/yourself/himself/herself/itself ② 复数：ourselves/yourselves/themselves ③ 构成规则：一二人称（形物代 + self/selves）、第三人称（宾格 + self/selves） ① 单数：He taught himself English.（正确） ② 复数：We enjoyed ourselves at the party.（正确） 错误：himself（正确）、hisself（错误）；themselves（正确）、theirselves（错误） 2. 核心用法 ① 作宾语：动作承受者 = 执行者（主语与宾语为同一人 / 物） ② 作同位语：加强语气，位于被强调词后 ③ 固定短语：enjoy oneself（玩得高兴）、by oneself（独自）、help oneself to...（随便吃 / 用） ① 宾语：The little boy can dress himself.（正确） ② 同位语：You yourself can finish it.（正确） ③ 短语：They enjoyed themselves last night.（正确） 错误：help yourself with food（修正：help yourself to food） 二、情态动词 must/should（表义务 / 建议 / 推测） 1. must 用法 ① 表义务 / 必须：语气强烈，强调强制性 ② 表肯定推测：高度确信（基于逻辑或事实） ③ 否定式 mustn’t：表禁止（绝对不可做） ① 义务：Students must arrive on time.（正确） ② 推测：The door is locked. He must be at home.（正确） ③ 禁止：You mustn’t smoke in the library.（正确） 错误：You mustn’t to run here.（修正：mustn’t run） 2. should 用法 ① 表建议 / 应该：语气温和，提出合理建议 ② 表合理推测：可能性较高（基于常理或预期） ③ 否定式 shouldn’t：表不建议 / 不该（不推荐做） ① 建议：You should drink more water.（正确） ② 推测：The train should arrive in 10 minutes.（正确） ③ 不建议：They shouldn’t ignore the rules.（正确） 错误：You should to follow traffic rules.（修正：should follow） 3. 核心区别与易错点 ① 语气强度：must（强硬）＞should（委婉） ② must 疑问句回答：肯定用 must，否定用 needn’t（不必），不用 mustn’t ③ 推测区别：must（100% 确信）、should（80% 合理预期） ① 语气：You must obey the law.（必须）/ You should listen to your parents.（应该） ② 回答：—Must I finish now? —Yes, you must. / No, you needn’t.（正确） ③ 推测：He must be ill（肯定）/ He should be ill（可能） 错误：—Must I go? —No, you mustn’t.（修正：needn’t） 使用注意事项 1. 反身代词需与主语人称、数一致，不可混用，例如：She hurt herself（正确）、She hurt himself（错误）；Children enjoyed themselves（正确）。 2. 反身代词作宾语时，主语与宾语必须为同一主体，否则需用人称代词宾格，例如：I helped him（正确，非同一人）、I helped myself（正确，同一人）。 3. mustn’t 表示 “禁止”，而非 “不必”，“不必” 需用 needn’t，例如：You needn’t wait for me（正确，不必等）、You mustn’t wait for me（错误，禁止等）。 4. should 后接动词原形，不可加 to，否定式为 shouldn’t + 动词原形，例如：He shouldn’t eat too much（正确）、He shouldn’t to eat too much（错误）。 5. 表推测时，must 仅用于肯定句，否定句和疑问句需用 can’t（不可能）、can（可能），例如：He can’t be here（正确，否定推测）、Must he be here?（错误，修正：Can he be here?）。 1．I know Lisa reads English very often. She ________ like it a lot. A．can B．must C．should 2．Nobody teaches her English; she learns it by ________. A．herself B．himself C．myself 3．—Dad, can I play basketball with friends now? —No, you _______ do your homework first. A．can B．can’t C．must 4．—May I fish here? —No, you ________. The sign says, “No fishing here!” A．mustn’t B．couldn’t C．needn’t 5．You ________ always be careful when you cross the street. A．may B．can C．must 6．—________ I swim here? —I’m sorry. Children ________ swim alone here. It’s very dangerous. A．Must; can’t B．May; must C．Can; mustn’t 7．To protect our earth, we ________ classify (分类) the rubbish before throwing it away. A．might B．should C．would 8．Mr. Smith says to the students in class, “Please write down the answers by _______.” A．myself B．yourself C．yourselves 9．—Glad to see you all. Make ________ at home. The drinks are for you. —Thank you so much. A．myself B．yourselves C．yourself 10．— The children enjoyed __________ in this after-school activity. — That’s true. A．they B．them C．themselves 11．—Why not help your son wash the clothes? —He should learn to do it by ________. A．himself B．his C．him 12．—Tina sings so beautifully. Who taught her to sing? —Nobody. She learned to sing by ________. A．she B．her C．herself 13．The box is too heavy. Michael can’t lift it by _______. A．he B．himself C．him 14．—Who taught your sister to skate? —Nobody. She learned it by _______. A．herself B．yourself C．himself 15．When old men and women have problems in their life, we ________ help them. A．need B．should C．have to 二、完成句子 16．Must I finish it now? (作否定回答) No, __________ __________. 17．No fishing here. (保持句意基本不变) We ________ ________ here. 18．We mustn’t eat in the library.（保持句意基本不变） _________ ________ in the library. 19．那个小女孩太小，不会自己穿衣服。 The little girl is too young to ________ ________. 20．I can have a good time on the beach. (改为同义句) I can ________ ________ on the beach. 21．I’m sure there is somebody in the room. (改为同义句) There ________ ________ somebody in the room. 22．We must finish the work on time.（对划线部分提问） ________ ________ we ________ on time? 23．People should keep reading to learn new things. (对划线部分提问) ________ ________ people keep reading? 24．You should write him a letter. （对划线部分提问） ________ ________ ________ do? 25．随着我们年龄的增长，我们必须依靠自己。 We must ________ on ________ as we grow older. 26．他们会在派对上玩得很开心。 They will ________ ________ at the party. 27．I think you are wrong. (用反身代词改写，强调“你本人”) I think ________ ________ are wrong. 28．The children are riding bikes and having fun. (改为同义句) The children are riding bikes and ________ ________. 29．Should I lie down and rest?（作肯定回答） Yes, __________ __________. 30．我们应该学会保护自己远离危险。 We should learn to ______ ______ ______ from danger. 三、选词填空 Exercise 1 阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的单词或短语并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺，意思完整，每个单词或短语限用一次。 wish  because  more than  mountain  health The Chongyang Festival is a traditional festival in China. We also call it the Double Ninth Festival 1 it falls on the ninth day of the ninth month on the Chinese lunar calendar (农历). It has a history of 2 2,000 years. In Chinese culture, the number nine is the largest number—it’s a homonym (同音词) to the Chinese word jiu, which means “a long and 3 life”. In China, people usually go hiking or climb 4 with their family and friends during the festival. Besides, they drink Chrysanthemum wine (菊花酒) and eat Chongyang cakes on that day. They think these can bring them good luck and best 5 . people  come  enjoy oneself  elder  mean Today, the Double Ninth Festival has a new 6 . It’s a special day for us to show our love to the 7 . Some people may go to the old 8 homes to give the elders presents and help them. The festival usually 9 in the beautiful season of autumn. Many families would like to go for outdoor activities and 10 . Exercise 2 根据语篇内容，从方框中选择恰当的单词，并用其正确形式填空，并将单词填写在对应的横线上。每个单词只能用一次。 she   when   look   hungry   leave   at   must   mother   quickly   and It was sunny. Mother Rabbit decided to go out and get some carrots. “Don’t open the door for others,” she said to Little Rabbit and 1 . Little Rabbit was alone at home. At noon, Little Rabbit was very 2 . Then she heard someone knocking 3 the door and saying, “Little Rabbit, this is your 4 . Please open the door for me.” “No, that is not my mother. It 5 be the wolf,” Little Rabbit thought. She opened the door a crack (缝隙) and said, “Mum, could you let me have a(an) 6 at your tail?” The wolf put his tail in the crack. Little Rabbit closed the door 7 and cut the wolf’s tail. The wolf lost his tail and ran away. 8 Mother Rabbit returned, Little Rabbit told the story to 9 . Mother Rabbit said Little Rabbit was very smart 10 gave her a big carrot. Little Rabbit felt very happy. Exercise 3 safe   environment   save   two   be   play   must   we   year   turn Electricity is very useful for us. It 1 a very important role in our life today. It can bring us light, heat and so on. We cannot live without it. It changes 2 lives. So how can we use electricity 3 ? First, we 4 be careful with it and can’t put the electrical appliance near the fire. 5 , we can’t also touch it with wet hands because we may get an electric shock (电击). It 6 very dangerous. In our country, we have used electricity for many 7 . It is a long time. But we have to know, at the same time, we waste a large part of it. Producing it also pollutes the 8 around us. As a student, we should use the air conditioner less often and 9 off the lights when we leave the room and not sleep with the lights on. As a saying goes, “Actions speak louder than words.” Please join in the action to 10 electricity from now on. Exercise 4 阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词或短语并用其正确形式填空，每词或短语限用一次。 teach, discuss, interest, call, at the beginning of, One Wednesday morning, 68-year-old Mary Johnson opened her history book and started 1 with her students online. Mary is a teacher of an online history class. She started the class 2 2020. She gives two classes a week and has spent more than 80 hours 3 . A student 4 David White, 60 years old, said, “Mary is an amazing teacher. She always makes history 5 for us and explains historical events (历史事件) in a way that’s easy to understand.” history, by oneself, learn, know, after Mary was a librarian before she retired (退休). But she didn’t work with history books. Mary found that many people 6 little about history. Then she decided to teach them 7 . She studied hard and became quite knowledgeable. 8 retiring, she worked as a museum guide. However, she didn’t stop 9 . She continues to study 10 at a local college. She believes that it’s important for seniors (年长的人) to make their life more meaningful. Exercise 5 用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文完整正确。（每个单词限用一次，每空限填一个单词。） education    we    quick    press    be    throat    should    eat    classmate    practice Recently, 16-year-old Cao Chenzhe from Taizhou, Jiangsu, gave 5,000 yuan to the Disabled Persons’ Federation to help more children. The money 1 for his brave act of saving a classmate’s life in March. Cao clearly remembered that evening. When he was 2 dinner at the school dining hall, he saw a classmate’s face turning purple. “Oh no, something must be stuck (卡住) in his 3 !” Cao found the problem and 4 did the Heimlich maneuver without thinking twice. Standing behind his classmate, Cao 5 hard into his chest with upward thrusts (向上推力). After trying many times, a large rice ball came out of the 6 throat. Cao learned the Heimlich maneuver during a safety (安全) education class at school. “The teacher showed us how to do it and taught us to 7 with each other,” said Cao. Also, the school organized safety education classes every month. Sun Fu, the headmaster, thinks that the classes have many kinds of meaningful and 8 activities. And it’s really important for students to learn to face dangerous situations. When talking about safety education, Cao thought that students of his age 9 take it seriously. “We should learn to protect (保护) 10 and others in a useful and proper way,” he said. Exercise 6 从方框内选择适当的词，并根据需要用其正确形式填空，使文章语法正确、完整连贯。注意每空一词，每词仅用一次，有两词为多余项。   begin     with     and     on      oneself      quick      but      deep       try      so    in      potato Once upon a time, there lived an old horse and a little horse in the village. 1 the morning of Monday, the old horse asked the little horse to take a bag of 2 to the farm. Soon, the little horse found a river in front of him and stopped. He was 3 afraid that he looked around to ask someone for help. “Aunt Cow, can I cross the river?” he asked. “It isn’t deep. You can make it,” answered Aunt Cow. When the little horse 4 to cross the river, a chicken saw him and shouted, “Little horse, don’t cross the river! It’s the 5 river that I’ve ever seen!” The little horse was afraid and he went back home. “Why do you come back home 6 the bag?” the old horse asked. “Because there was a river in front of me. Aunt Cow said it was not deep, 7 the chicken said it was very deep. I don’t know what to do.” “My child, have you ever 8 by yourself?” “No, I haven’t,” answered the little horse. The old horse said, “You must make it by 9 .” After hearing these words, the little horse ran back to the river and crossed the river 10 . 8 / 8乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $单元核心语法精练 Unit 11 Rules Matter! （反身代词和情态动词must,should） 内容提要 核心语法回顾 专项能力突破 解题综合提升 本表系统梳理反身代词的形式与用法、情态动词 must/should 的核心功能，搭配规则主题典型例句与正误对比，助力精准掌握语法应用规则。 语法模块 核心要点 具体内容 典型例句（含正误对比） 一、反身代词（表自身关系） 1. 形式与构成 ① 单数：myself/yourself/himself/herself/itself ② 复数：ourselves/yourselves/themselves ③ 构成规则：一二人称（形物代 + self/selves）、第三人称（宾格 + self/selves） ① 单数：He taught himself English.（正确） ② 复数：We enjoyed ourselves at the party.（正确） 错误：himself（正确）、hisself（错误）；themselves（正确）、theirselves（错误） 2. 核心用法 ① 作宾语：动作承受者 = 执行者（主语与宾语为同一人 / 物） ② 作同位语：加强语气，位于被强调词后 ③ 固定短语：enjoy oneself（玩得高兴）、by oneself（独自）、help oneself to...（随便吃 / 用） ① 宾语：The little boy can dress himself.（正确） ② 同位语：You yourself can finish it.（正确） ③ 短语：They enjoyed themselves last night.（正确） 错误：help yourself with food（修正：help yourself to food） 二、情态动词 must/should（表义务 / 建议 / 推测） 1. must 用法 ① 表义务 / 必须：语气强烈，强调强制性 ② 表肯定推测：高度确信（基于逻辑或事实） ③ 否定式 mustn’t：表禁止（绝对不可做） ① 义务：Students must arrive on time.（正确） ② 推测：The door is locked. He must be at home.（正确） ③ 禁止：You mustn’t smoke in the library.（正确） 错误：You mustn’t to run here.（修正：mustn’t run） 2. should 用法 ① 表建议 / 应该：语气温和，提出合理建议 ② 表合理推测：可能性较高（基于常理或预期） ③ 否定式 shouldn’t：表不建议 / 不该（不推荐做） ① 建议：You should drink more water.（正确） ② 推测：The train should arrive in 10 minutes.（正确） ③ 不建议：They shouldn’t ignore the rules.（正确） 错误：You should to follow traffic rules.（修正：should follow） 3. 核心区别与易错点 ① 语气强度：must（强硬）＞should（委婉） ② must 疑问句回答：肯定用 must，否定用 needn’t（不必），不用 mustn’t ③ 推测区别：must（100% 确信）、should（80% 合理预期） ① 语气：You must obey the law.（必须）/ You should listen to your parents.（应该） ② 回答：—Must I finish now? —Yes, you must. / No, you needn’t.（正确） ③ 推测：He must be ill（肯定）/ He should be ill（可能） 错误：—Must I go? —No, you mustn’t.（修正：needn’t） 使用注意事项 1. 反身代词需与主语人称、数一致，不可混用，例如：She hurt herself（正确）、She hurt himself（错误）；Children enjoyed themselves（正确）。 2. 反身代词作宾语时，主语与宾语必须为同一主体，否则需用人称代词宾格，例如：I helped him（正确，非同一人）、I helped myself（正确，同一人）。 3. mustn’t 表示 “禁止”，而非 “不必”，“不必” 需用 needn’t，例如：You needn’t wait for me（正确，不必等）、You mustn’t wait for me（错误，禁止等）。 4. should 后接动词原形，不可加 to，否定式为 shouldn’t + 动词原形，例如：He shouldn’t eat too much（正确）、He shouldn’t to eat too much（错误）。 5. 表推测时，must 仅用于肯定句，否定句和疑问句需用 can’t（不可能）、can（可能），例如：He can’t be here（正确，否定推测）、Must he be here?（错误，修正：Can he be here?）。 1．I know Lisa reads English very often. She ________ like it a lot. A．can B．must C．should 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我知道丽莎经常读英语。她一定很喜欢。 考查情态动词。can可能；must一定；should应该；根据“I know Lisa reads English very often.”可推测，她一定很喜欢英语，肯定句的推测用must，故选B。 2．Nobody teaches her English; she learns it by ________. A．herself B．himself C．myself 【答案】A 【详解】句意：没有人教她英语；她是靠自己学的。 考查反身代词。herself她自己；himself他自己；myself我自己。根据“Nobody teaches her English; she…”可知，此处指她自己学，应使用对应主语she的反身代词herself，构成固定短语by herself，意为“独自；靠自己”。故选A。 3．—Dad, can I play basketball with friends now? —No, you _______ do your homework first. A．can B．can’t C．must 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——爸爸，我现在可以和朋友们打篮球了吗？——不，你必须先做作业。 考查情态动词。can可以；can’t不可以；must必须。根据“No”可知，是必须先做作业，故选C。 4．—May I fish here? —No, you ________. The sign says, “No fishing here!” A．mustn’t B．couldn’t C．needn’t 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——我可以在这里钓鱼吗？——不行，你不可以。牌子上写着“此处禁止钓鱼！” 考查情态动词。 mustn’t禁止；couldn’t不能；needn’t不需要。根据“No fishing here!”可知，此处需用禁止含义的词，强调规则不允许。故选A。 5．You ________ always be careful when you cross the street. A．may B．can C．must 【答案】C 【详解】句意：当你过马路时，你必须时刻小心。 考查情态动词。may也许；can能够；must必须。根据“always be careful when you cross the street”可知过马路时必须要小心，用must。故选C。 6．—________ I swim here? —I’m sorry. Children ________ swim alone here. It’s very dangerous. A．Must; can’t B．May; must C．Can; mustn’t 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我可以在这里游泳吗？——抱歉，孩子不准单独在这里游泳，这很危险。 考查情态动词辨析。Must必须；may可以；can能；can’t不能；mustn’t禁止。第一句问“我可以在这里游泳吗”，是表示请求许可，应用May或Can，排除A。第二句根据“It’s very dangerous.”可知，此处是表示规定“禁止、不准单独游泳”，应用mustn’t。故选C。 7．To protect our earth, we ________ classify (分类) the rubbish before throwing it away. A．might B．should C．would 【答案】B 【详解】句意：为了保护我们的地球，我们应该在扔掉垃圾之前分类。 考查情态动词。might可能；should应该，表责任和义务；would表委婉语气或过去的意愿。根据语境可知，垃圾分类是我们的责任和义务，我们应该进行垃圾分类，故此处应用情态动词should应该。故选B。 8．Mr. Smith says to the students in class, “Please write down the answers by _______.” A．myself B．yourself C．yourselves 【答案】C 【详解】句意：史密斯先生在课堂上对学生说：“请自己写下答案。” 考查反身代词辨析。myself我自己；yourself你自己；yourselves你们自己。根据“Mr. Smith says to the students”可知，此处指代学生们自己，要用复数的反身代词。故选C。 9．—Glad to see you all. Make ________ at home. The drinks are for you. —Thank you so much. A．myself B．yourselves C．yourself 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——很高兴见到你们。请随意。饮料是给你们的。——非常感谢。 考查反身代词的用法。myself我自己；yourselves你们自己；yourself你自己。根据“Glad to see you all.”可知，是指你们自己。故选B。 10．— The children enjoyed __________ in this after-school activity. — That’s true. A．they B．them C．themselves 【答案】C 【详解】句意：—— 在这课后活动中孩子们玩的很开心。——没错。 考查反身代词。they他们，主格；them他们，宾格；themselves他们自己。enjoy oneself“玩的开心”，空处应使用themselves表示“他们自己”。故选C。 11．—Why not help your son wash the clothes? —He should learn to do it by ________. A．himself B．his C．him 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——为什么不帮你儿子洗衣服？——他应该学会自己做这件事。 考查代词辨析。himself他自己，反身代词；his他的，物主代词；him他，人称代词宾格。根据“He should learn to do it by ...”可知，此处指他应该自己学会洗衣服；by oneself“独自，单独”，固定短语。故选A。 12．—Tina sings so beautifully. Who taught her to sing? —Nobody. She learned to sing by ________. A．she B．her C．herself 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——Tina唱歌唱得太美妙了。谁教她唱歌的？——没有人。她是自己学会唱歌的。 考查代词辨析。she她，主格；her她，宾格/形容词性物主代词；herself她自己，反身代词。by oneself表示“靠某人自己”，在本句中表示Tina是通过自己的努力学会唱歌的，故选C。 13．The box is too heavy. Michael can’t lift it by _______. A．he B．himself C．him 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这个箱子太重了。这个小男孩自己搬不动它。 考查反身代词。he他，主格；himself他自己， 反身代词；him他，宾格。by oneself“自己，单独”；主语是“Michael”，其对应反身代词为himself。故选B。 14．—Who taught your sister to skate? —Nobody. She learned it by _______. A．herself B．yourself C．himself 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——谁教你妹妹滑冰的？——没有人。她是自学的。 考查反身代词。herself她自己；yourself你自己；himself他自己。learn by oneself“自学”，根据主语“She”可知，此处用反身代词herself。故选A。 15．When old men and women have problems in their life, we ________ help them. A．need B．should C．have to 【答案】B 【详解】句意：当老年人生活遇到问题时，我们应该帮助他们。 考查情态动词用法。need需要；should应该；have to不得不。根据“When old men and women have problems in their life, we...help them.”可知，出于建议或道义，我们应该帮助遇到困难的老年人。故选B。 二、完成句子 16．Must I finish it now? (作否定回答) No, __________ __________. 【答案】 you needn’t 【详解】句意：我必须现在完成它吗？此处是Must I引导的一般疑问句，表示“我必须……吗”，否定回答表示“不必”，常用No, you needn’t.。主语I在答句中通常转换为you。故填you；needn’t。 17．No fishing here. (保持句意基本不变) We ________ ________ here. 【答案】 mustn’t fish 【详解】句意：这里禁止钓鱼。根据“No fishing here.”可知，该句表示“禁止钓鱼”的规定。mustn’t表示“禁止”，后接动词原形fish，We mustn’t fish here.与原句“这里禁止钓鱼”的意思一致。故填mustn’t；fish。 18．We mustn’t eat in the library.（保持句意基本不变） _________ ________ in the library. 【答案】 Don’t eat 【详解】句意：我们不能在图书馆吃东西。原句还可以表达为：不要在图书馆吃东西，是祈使句的否定形式，以don’t开头，句首首字母大写，后加动词原形eat。故填Don’t；eat。 19．那个小女孩太小，不会自己穿衣服。 The little girl is too young to ________ ________. 【答案】 dress herself 【详解】根据中英文提示及所给单词可知，此处使用dress oneself“自己穿衣服”；“too...to...”结构中to后接动词原形，结合主语“The little girl”可知反身代词用herself。故填dress；herself。 20．I can have a good time on the beach. (改为同义句) I can ________ ________ on the beach. 【答案】 enjoy myself 【详解】句意：我在沙滩上玩得很开心。固定搭配have a good time=enjoy oneself“玩得开心”，主语是“I”，所以oneself用myself“我自己”，故填enjoy；myself。 21．I’m sure there is somebody in the room. (改为同义句) There ________ ________ somebody in the room. 【答案】 must be 【详解】句意：我肯定房间里有人。根据题干可知，修改后的句子用there be句型，表示“房间里一定有人”。“一定”must，后跟动词原形。故填must；be。 22．We must finish the work on time.（对划线部分提问） ________ ________ we ________ on time? 【答案】 What must finish 【详解】句意：我们必须按时完成工作。画线部分表示做的事情，应用what提问；原句中含有情态动词“must”，提到主语前构成疑问句，后面跟动词原形finish，动词，意为“完成”，作谓语。故填What；must；finish。 23．People should keep reading to learn new things. (对划线部分提问) ________ ________ people keep reading? 【答案】 Why should 【详解】句意：人们应该不断阅读以学习新事物。划线部分表示目的，提问应用why“为什么”，情态动词should在疑问句中应置于主语people前。故填Why；should。 24．You should write him a letter. （对划线部分提问） ________ ________ ________ do? 【答案】 What should I 【详解】句意：你应该给他写一封信。画线部分是write him a letter给他写一封信，表示所做的事情，对做的事情提问，应使用特殊疑问词what，后跟should开头的一般疑问句，第二人称you改为第一人称I；句首首字母大写。故填What；should；I。 25．随着我们年龄的增长，我们必须依靠自己。 We must ________ on ________ as we grow older. 【答案】 depend ourselves 【详解】根据中英文对照，空处缺“依靠自己”，depend on oneself“依靠自己”，must后跟动词原形，主语是we，反身代词用ourselves。故填depend；ourselves。 26．他们会在派对上玩得很开心。 They will ________ ________ at the party. 【答案】 enjoy themselves 【详解】对比所给中英文可知，设空处为“玩得很开心”；enjoy oneself“玩得很开心”，固定词组，根据空前的“will”可知，此处用动词原形；根据主语为“They”可知，此处用themselves。故填enjoy；themselves。 27．I think you are wrong. (用反身代词改写，强调“你本人”) I think ________ ________ are wrong. 【答案】 you yourself 【详解】句意：我认为你错了。用反身代词改写并强调 “你本人”，反身代词可置于主格代词后作同位语，起到强调主语的作用。原句中主语为you，其对应的反身代词为yourself，用于强调“你本人”。故填you；yourself。 28．The children are riding bikes and having fun. (改为同义句) The children are riding bikes and ________ ________. 【答案】 enjoying themselves 【详解】句意：孩子们骑自行车玩得很开心。have fun意为“玩得开心”，等同于短语enjoy oneself。主语The children是第三人称复数，故用反身代词themselves。时态是现在进行时，故enjoy用其现在分词形式。故填enjoying；themselves。 29．Should I lie down and rest?（作肯定回答） Yes, __________ __________. 【答案】 you should 【详解】句意：我应该躺下休息吗？根据题意是作肯定回答，用yes来回答，一般疑问句主语是I，做简略回答用you，含有情态动词should，肯定回答是Yes, you should“是的，你应该”。故填you；should。 30．我们应该学会保护自己远离危险。 We should learn to ______ ______ ______ from danger. 【答案】 keep ourselves safe 【详解】keep oneself safe“保持某人自己安全”，主语是“We”，反身代词应是ourselves；不定式符号“to”后接动词原形。故填keep；ourselves；safe。 三、选词填空 Exercise 1 阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的单词或短语并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺，意思完整，每个单词或短语限用一次。 wish  because  more than  mountain  health The Chongyang Festival is a traditional festival in China. We also call it the Double Ninth Festival 1 it falls on the ninth day of the ninth month on the Chinese lunar calendar (农历). It has a history of 2 2,000 years. In Chinese culture, the number nine is the largest number—it’s a homonym (同音词) to the Chinese word jiu, which means “a long and 3 life”. In China, people usually go hiking or climb 4 with their family and friends during the festival. Besides, they drink Chrysanthemum wine (菊花酒) and eat Chongyang cakes on that day. They think these can bring them good luck and best 5 . people  come  enjoy oneself  elder  mean Today, the Double Ninth Festival has a new 6 . It’s a special day for us to show our love to the 7 . Some people may go to the old 8 homes to give the elders presents and help them. The festival usually 9 in the beautiful season of autumn. Many families would like to go for outdoor activities and 10 . 【答案】 1. because 2. more than 3. healthy 4. mountains 5. wishes 6. meaning 7. elders 8. people’s 9. comes 10. enjoy themselves 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国的传统节日重阳节的由来、习俗及其现代意义。 1. 句意：我们也称它为重阳节，因为它是在中国农历九月初九。空后句是前句的原因，用because“因为”，引导原因状语从句。故填because。 2. 句意：它有2000多年的历史。根据“2,000 years”及备选词可知，是指超过2000年的历史，more than“超过”符合。故填more than。 3. 句意：在中国文化中，数字九是最大的数字——它是中文词“久”的同音词，意味着“长寿健康的生活”。根据“a long and ... life”及备选词可知，是指长寿健康的生活，用形容词healthy“健康的”，作定语。故填healthy。 4. 句意：在中国，人们通常在节日期间与家人和朋友一起远足或爬山。根据“climb”可知，是指爬山，此处表示泛指，用名词复数mountains“山”。故填mountains。 5. 句意：他们认为这些能给他们带来好运和最好的祝愿。根据“good luck and best ...”可知，是指好运和祝愿，此处表泛指，用名词复数wishes“祝愿”。故填wishes。 6. 句意：如今，重阳节有了新的意义。根据“It’s a special day for us to show our love to the ...”及备选词可知，是指重阳节有了新的意义，a后跟名词单数meaning“意义”。故填meaning。 7. 句意：它是我们向长辈表达爱意的特殊的日子。根据“Some people may go to the old ... homes to give the elders presents and help them.”可知，是向长辈表达爱意的日子，elder“长辈”，此处用复数形式表示泛指。故填elders。 8. 句意：有些人可能会去老人院给老人礼物并帮助他们。根据“the old ... homes”及备选词可知，是指去老人院，用名词所有格people’s“人们的”，作定语，修饰homes。故填people’s。 9. 句意：这个节日通常在美丽的秋季到来。根据“in the beautiful season of autumn”及备选词可知，是指该节日通常在秋季到来，come“到来”，时态是一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，动词用第三人称单数。故填comes。 10. 句意：许多家庭会进行户外活动并玩得开心。根据“go for outdoor activities”及备选词可知，是玩得开心，enjoy oneself“玩得开心”，主语是Many families，反身代词用themselves。故填enjoy themselves。 Exercise 2 根据语篇内容，从方框中选择恰当的单词，并用其正确形式填空，并将单词填写在对应的横线上。每个单词只能用一次。 she   when   look   hungry   leave   at   must   mother   quickly   and It was sunny. Mother Rabbit decided to go out and get some carrots. “Don’t open the door for others,” she said to Little Rabbit and 1 . Little Rabbit was alone at home. At noon, Little Rabbit was very 2 . Then she heard someone knocking 3 the door and saying, “Little Rabbit, this is your 4 . Please open the door for me.” “No, that is not my mother. It 5 be the wolf,” Little Rabbit thought. She opened the door a crack (缝隙) and said, “Mum, could you let me have a(an) 6 at your tail?” The wolf put his tail in the crack. Little Rabbit closed the door 7 and cut the wolf’s tail. The wolf lost his tail and ran away. 8 Mother Rabbit returned, Little Rabbit told the story to 9 . Mother Rabbit said Little Rabbit was very smart 10 gave her a big carrot. Little Rabbit felt very happy. 【答案】 1. left 2. hungry 3. at 4. mother 5. must 6. look 7. quickly 8. When 9. her 10. and 【导语】本文讲述小兔子独自在家时，大灰狼伪装成兔妈妈来敲门。小兔子识破诡计，让狼把尾巴伸进门缝，然后迅速关门夹断狼的尾巴。狼逃跑后，兔妈妈回来夸奖小兔子的聪明才智，并奖励她一根胡萝卜。 1. 句意：“不要给别人开门，”她对小兔子说，然后离开了。根据上一句可知，兔妈妈是要出门，所以叮嘱过小兔子之后离开了，应填动词leave，时态为一般过去时，leave的过去式是left。故填left。 2. 句意：中午，小兔子很饿。根据“At noon”可知，中午应该是感到饥饿了，应填形容词hungry作表语。故填hungry。 3. 句意：然后她听到有人敲门，说：“小兔子，这是你的妈妈。请给我开门。”knock at the door“敲门”，是固定用法。故填at。 4. 句意：然后她听到有人敲门，说：“小兔子，这是你的妈妈。请给我开门。”根据下文可知，是狼假扮兔妈妈的，所以狼说自己是小兔子的妈妈。故填mother。 5. 句意：“不，那不是我妈妈。一定是狼来了。”小兔子想。根据“It... be the wolf”可知，小兔子猜测敲门的狼，情态动词must表示肯定推测“一定是”。故填 must。 6. 句意：她把门打开一条缝说：“妈妈，你能让我看看你的尾巴吗？”have a look“看一看”，是固定用法，此处指小兔子想要看一看狼的尾巴。故填look。 7. 句意：小兔子迅速关上了门，割断了狼的尾巴。根据“Little Rabbit closed the door... and cut the wolf’s tail.”可知，此处指小兔子迅速关门，应填副词quickly修饰动词。故填quickly。 8. 句意：兔妈妈回来后，小兔子把这个故事讲给她听。根据“... Mother Rabbit returned”可知，此处应填when引导时间状语从句，表示兔妈妈回来时，句首首字母要大写。故填When。 9. 句意：兔妈妈回来后，小兔子把这个故事讲给她听。根据“Little Rabbit told the story to...”可知，小兔子把故事告诉了妈妈，to后接人称代词宾格，she的宾格是her。故填her。 10. 句意：兔妈妈说小兔子很聪明，给了她一根大胡萝卜。“said”与“gave”之间是顺成关系，因此用连词and。故填and。 用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文意思完整正确。（每个单词限用一次，每空限填一个单词。） Exercise 3 safe   environment   save   two   be   play   must   we   year   turn Electricity is very useful for us. It 1 a very important role in our life today. It can bring us light, heat and so on. We cannot live without it. It changes 2 lives. So how can we use electricity 3 ? First, we 4 be careful with it and can’t put the electrical appliance near the fire. 5 , we can’t also touch it with wet hands because we may get an electric shock (电击). It 6 very dangerous. In our country, we have used electricity for many 7 . It is a long time. But we have to know, at the same time, we waste a large part of it. Producing it also pollutes the 8 around us. As a student, we should use the air conditioner less often and 9 off the lights when we leave the room and not sleep with the lights on. As a saying goes, “Actions speak louder than words.” Please join in the action to 10 electricity from now on. 【答案】 1. plays 2. our 3. safely 4. must 5. Second 6. is 7. years 8. environment 9. turn 10. save 【导语】本文主要介绍了如何安全使用电。 1. 句意：它在我们当今的生活中扮演着非常重要的角色。根据“It…a very important role in our life today.”以及备选词可知，电在我们当今的生活中扮演着非常重要的角色，play a role in...“在……中起作用”；句子时态为一般现在时，主语“It”是第三人称单数，谓语动词用三单形式。故填plays。 2. 句意：它改变了我们的生活。根据“It changes…lives.”以及备选词可知，此处指电改变了我们的生活，应用形容词性物主代词our“我们的”，修饰名词lives。故填our。 3. 句意：那么我们怎样才能安全地用电呢？根据“how can we use electricity”以及备选词可知，此处指“如何安全用电”，应用副词safely“安全地”，修饰动词use。故填safely。 4. 句意：首先，我们必须小心用电，而且不能把电器放在火附近。根据“we…be careful with it”以及备选词可知，此处指我们必须小心用电，应用must“必须”。故填must。 5. 句意：其次，我们也不能用湿手触摸它，因为我们可能会遭到电击。根据“First”以及备选词可知，此处应用second“第二”，句首首字母要大写。故填Second。 6. 句意：这非常危险。根据“It…very dangerous.”以及备选词可知，这非常危险，be“是”；主语“It”是第三人称单数，句子时态是一般现在时，be动词用is。故填is。 7. 句意：在我们国家，我们使用电已经很多年了。根据“In our country, we have used electricity for many”以及备选词可知，此处指我们使用电已经很多年了，year“年”；many修饰可数名词复数。故填years。 8. 句意：生产电也会污染我们周边的环境。根据“Producing it also pollutes the…around us.”以及备选词可知，生产电也会污染我们周边的环境，应用名词environment“环境”。故填environment。 9. 句意：作为一名学生，我们应该少用空调，而且当我们离开房间时要关灯，不要开着灯睡觉。turn off“关掉”，动词短语；情态动词should后用动词原形，且and表示并列。故填turn。 10. 句意：从现在起，请加入到节约用电的行动中来。根据“Please join in the action to…electricity from now on.”以及备选词可知，此处指“节约用电”，save“节约”，动词；不定式符号to后用动词原形。故填save。 Exercise 4 阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词或短语并用其正确形式填空，每词或短语限用一次。 teach, discuss, interest, call, at the beginning of, One Wednesday morning, 68-year-old Mary Johnson opened her history book and started 1 with her students online. Mary is a teacher of an online history class. She started the class 2 2020. She gives two classes a week and has spent more than 80 hours 3 . A student 4 David White, 60 years old, said, “Mary is an amazing teacher. She always makes history 5 for us and explains historical events (历史事件) in a way that’s easy to understand.” history, by oneself, learn, know, after Mary was a librarian before she retired (退休). But she didn’t work with history books. Mary found that many people 6 little about history. Then she decided to teach them 7 . She studied hard and became quite knowledgeable. 8 retiring, she worked as a museum guide. However, she didn’t stop 9 . She continues to study 10 at a local college. She believes that it’s important for seniors (年长的人) to make their life more meaningful. 【答案】 1. to discuss/discussing 2. at the beginning of 3. teaching 4. called 5. interesting 6. knew 7. by herself 8. After 9. learning 10. history 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了68岁的Mary Johnson退休后通过在线历史课程教授学生，并不断学习的故事。 1. 句意：一个周三的早晨，68 岁的玛丽・约翰逊打开她的历史书，开始和她的学生们在网上讨论。根据“… with her students online”和备选词汇可知，此处是指她开始与学生们在网上讨论；考查discuss“讨论”，动词；start doing/to do sth.“开始做某事”，固定搭配。故填to discuss/discussing。 2. 句意：她在 2020 年初开始了这个课程。根据空后“2020”和备选词汇可知，此处是指在2020年初；考查at the beginning of +时间“在……之初”，介词短语。故填at the beginning of。 3. 句意：她每周上两节课，已经花了 80 多个小时授课。根据上文“Mary is a teacher of an online history class.”和备选词汇可知，Mary是一位在线历史课的老师，所以此处是指她花了80多个小时授课；考查teach“教授，讲授”，动词；spend+时间+ (in) doing sth.“花费时间做某事”，所以这里应用动名词形式teaching。故填teaching。 4. 句意：一位名叫大卫・怀特的 60岁学生说：“玛丽是一位了不起的老师。”根据“A student … David White”和备选词汇可知，此处是指名叫大卫・怀特的学生；考查call“称呼”，动词；分析句子结构可知，谓语动词为“said”，所以这里应用过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰 “A student”，表示“名叫……的学生”。故填called。 5. 句意：她总是让历史对我们来说很有趣，并以一种容易理解的方式解释历史事件。根据上文“Mary is an amazing teacher.”和备选词汇可知，玛丽是一位了不起的老师，所以此处是指老师总是让历史变得很有趣；考查make + sth. + adj.“使某物……”，固定搭配，所以这里应用interest的形容词形式interesting“有趣的”，修饰物。故填interesting。 6. 句意：玛丽发现很多人对历史了解甚少。根据下文“Then she decided to teach them”和备选词汇可知，她决定教他们，所以此处是指很多人对历史了解甚少；考查know about“了解”，动词短语；又根据“found”可知，句子时态应用一般过去时，谓语动词应用过去式knew。故填knew。 7. 句意：然后她决定亲自教他们。根据下文“She studied hard and became quite knowledgeable.”和备选词汇可知，她努力学习，变得相当博学，所以此处是指她决定自己去教他们历史知识；考查by oneself“独自，亲自”，介词短语，句子主语是“she”，所以这里应用“by herself”，强调她亲自去做这件事。故填by herself。 8. 句意：退休后，她担任博物馆导游。根据语境和备选词汇可知，此处是指她退休后担任博物馆导游；考查after“在……之后”，介词，位于句首，首字母要大写。故填After。 9. 句意：然而，她没有停止学习。根据下文“She continues to study”和备选词汇可知，此处是指她没有停止学习；考查learn“学习”，动词；stop doing sth.“停止做某事”，固定搭配，所以这里应动名词形式learning。故填learning。 10. 句意：她继续在当地一所大学学习历史。根据语境和备选词汇可知，她一直在学习历史相关知识，并且教历史课，所以此处是指她继续在当地大学学习历史。故填history。 Exercise 5 用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文完整正确。（每个单词限用一次，每空限填一个单词。） education    we    quick    press    be    throat    should    eat    classmate    practice Recently, 16-year-old Cao Chenzhe from Taizhou, Jiangsu, gave 5,000 yuan to the Disabled Persons’ Federation to help more children. The money 1 for his brave act of saving a classmate’s life in March. Cao clearly remembered that evening. When he was 2 dinner at the school dining hall, he saw a classmate’s face turning purple. “Oh no, something must be stuck (卡住) in his 3 !” Cao found the problem and 4 did the Heimlich maneuver without thinking twice. Standing behind his classmate, Cao 5 hard into his chest with upward thrusts (向上推力). After trying many times, a large rice ball came out of the 6 throat. Cao learned the Heimlich maneuver during a safety (安全) education class at school. “The teacher showed us how to do it and taught us to 7 with each other,” said Cao. Also, the school organized safety education classes every month. Sun Fu, the headmaster, thinks that the classes have many kinds of meaningful and 8 activities. And it’s really important for students to learn to face dangerous situations. When talking about safety education, Cao thought that students of his age 9 take it seriously. “We should learn to protect (保护) 10 and others in a useful and proper way,” he said. 【答案】 1. was 2. eating 3. throat 4. quickly 5. pressed 6. classmate’s 7. practice 8. educational 9. should 10. ourselves 【导语】本文讲述了江苏泰州16岁学生曹晨哲运用在学校安全教育课上学到的海姆立克急救法，迅速帮助被食物卡住喉咙的同学排出异物，通过该事例强调了安全教育的重要性以及学生积极学习和运用安全知识的意义。 1. 句意：这笔钱是对他三月份勇敢救同学性命行为的奖励。根据“The money...for his brave act of saving a classmate’s life in March.”可知，此处表示这笔钱是因他的行为而得到的，be for表示“为了；是用于……”，讲述过去的事情用一般过去时，money是不可数名词，be动词用was，故填was。 2. 句意：当他正在学校食堂吃晚餐时，他看到一个同学的脸变成了紫色。根据“When he was...dinner at the school dining hall, he saw a classmate’s face turning purple.”可知，此处表示eat dinner“吃晚餐”，while引导时间状语从句，从句用过去进行时，结构为was/were+现在分词，故填eating。 3. 句意：哦不，一定有什么东西卡在他的喉咙里了！根据“Oh no, something must be stuck (卡住) in his...”可知，结合常识，东西卡住的部位是喉咙，throat表示“喉咙”，故填throat。 4. 句意：曹发现了问题，毫不犹豫地迅速实施了海姆立克急救法。根据“Cao found the problem and...did the Heimlich maneuver without thinking twice.”可知，这里需要一个副词修饰动词did，表示“迅速地”，quick的副词形式是quickly，故填quickly。 5. 句意：曹站在同学身后，用力按压他的胸部向上推。根据“Standing behind his classmate, Cao...hard into his chest with upward thrusts (向上推力).”可知，此处表示“按压”，press into表示“按压”，描述过去的动作，用一般过去时，故填pressed。 6. 句意：经过多次尝试，一个大饭团从同学的喉咙里出来了。根据“After trying many times, a large rice ball came out of the...”可知，这里指同学的喉咙，classmate是可数名词，此处表示所属关系，用复数形式的所有格classmates’，故填classmate’s。 7. 句意：“老师向我们展示了如何操作，并教我们互相练习。”曹说。根据“The teacher showed us how to do it and taught us to...with each other,”可知，学习急救法后需要互相练习，practice with each other表示“互相练习”，teach sb. to do sth.表示“教某人做某事”，故填practice。 8. 句意：校长孙福认为这些课程有很多种有意义且有教育意义的活动。根据“Sun Fu, the headmaster, thinks that the classes have many kinds of meaningful and...”可知，这里需要一个形容词修饰名词activities，表示“有教育意义的”，education的形容词形式是educational，故填educational。 9. 句意：当谈到安全教育时，曹认为他这个年龄的学生应该认真对待它。根据“When talking about safety education, Cao thought that students of his age...take it seriously.”可知，这里表示建议，“应该”用should，故填should。 10. 句意：“我们应该学会以一种有用且恰当的方式保护自己和他人。”他说。根据“We should learn to protect (保护)...and others in a useful and proper way,” he said.可知，此处表示“保护我们自己”，we的反身代词是ourselves，故填ourselves。 Exercise 6 从方框内选择适当的词，并根据需要用其正确形式填空，使文章语法正确、完整连贯。注意每空一词，每词仅用一次，有两词为多余项。   begin     with     and     on      oneself      quick      but      deep       try      so    in      potato Once upon a time, there lived an old horse and a little horse in the village. 1 the morning of Monday, the old horse asked the little horse to take a bag of 2 to the farm. Soon, the little horse found a river in front of him and stopped. He was 3 afraid that he looked around to ask someone for help. “Aunt Cow, can I cross the river?” he asked. “It isn’t deep. You can make it,” answered Aunt Cow. When the little horse 4 to cross the river, a chicken saw him and shouted, “Little horse, don’t cross the river! It’s the 5 river that I’ve ever seen!” The little horse was afraid and he went back home. “Why do you come back home 6 the bag?” the old horse asked. “Because there was a river in front of me. Aunt Cow said it was not deep, 7 the chicken said it was very deep. I don’t know what to do.” “My child, have you ever 8 by yourself?” “No, I haven’t,” answered the little horse. The old horse said, “You must make it by 9 .” After hearing these words, the little horse ran back to the river and crossed the river 10 . 【答案】 1. On 2. potatoes 3. so 4. began 5. deepest 6. with 7. but 8. tried 9. yourself 10. quickly 【导语】本文是一篇寓言故事，讲述了一匹小马在运送土豆过河时，因为听取不同动物的意见而犹豫不决，最终在老马的鼓励下学会独立思考并成功过河的故事。 1. 句意：在周一的早上，老马让小马驮一袋土豆去农场。根据“... the morning of Monday, the old horse asked the little horse to take a bag of ... to the farm.”及备选词汇可知，“the morning of Monday”是具体某天的早上，用介词On。故填On。 2. 句意：在周一的早上，老马让小马驮一袋土豆去农场。根据“... the morning of Monday, the old horse asked the little horse to take a bag of ... to the farm.”及备选词汇可知，a bag of后接可数名词复数，potato的复数是potatoes。故填potatoes。 3. 句意：他如此害怕以至于他环顾四周寻求帮助。根据“He was ... afraid that he looked around to ask someone for help.”及备选词汇可知，so...that...是固定句型，符合“害怕”到寻求帮助的语境。故填so。 4. 句意：当小马开始过河时，一只小鸡看到他并大喊“小马，不要过河”。根据“When the little horse ... to cross the river, a chicken saw him and shouted”及备选词汇可知，文章是过去时态，begin的过去式是began。故填began。 5. 句意：这是我见过的最深的河！根据“It’s the ... river that I’ve ever seen!”及备选词汇可知，“I’ve ever seen”提示用最高级，deep的最高级是deepest。故填deepest。 6. 句意：“你为什么带着袋子回家？” 老马问。根据“Why do you come back home ... the bag?”及备选词汇可知，with有“带着”的含义，符合“带着袋子回家”的语境。故填with。 7. 句意：牛阿姨说河不深，但小鸡说河很深。根据“Aunt Cow said it was not deep ... the chicken said it was very deep.”及备选词汇可知，前后是转折关系，用but连接。故填but。 8. 句意：“我的孩子，你自己尝试过吗？”根据“My child, have you ever ... by yourself?”及备选词汇可知，have ever后接过去分词，try的过去分词是tried。故填tried。 9. 句意：你必须自己做到。根据“You must make it by ...”及备选词汇可知，这里是老马对小马说，用反身代词yourself。故填yourself。 10. 句意：听了这些话后，小马跑回河边，快速地过了河。根据“After hearing these words, the little horse ran back to the river and crossed the river ...”及备选词汇可知，修饰动词crossed用副词，quick的副词是quickly。故填quickly。 16 / 17乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $