Unit 10 Lending a Helping Hand 物主代词和一般过去时-【简语法-单元核心语法精练】英语七年级下册（仁爱科普版）

该初中英语单元学案以“互助”为主题，聚焦物主代词和一般过去时核心语法，通过系统梳理分类用法、构成规则及句式变化，搭配典型例句与正误对比，构建“核心语法回顾-专项能力突破-解题综合提升”的递进式学习路径，确保知识建构的系统性与连贯性。 亮点在于主题与语法深度融合，设计“互助”语境任务（如语法填空短文），通过正误对比辨析和多样练习（单项选择、完成句子等），培养语言理解与表达能力，提升思维品质。资料为教师提供完整复习框架，助力学生精准掌握语法规则并灵活应用，有效支持单元复习教学。

单元核心语法精练 Unit 10 Lending a Helping Hand （物主代词和一般过去时） 内容提要 核心语法回顾 专项能力突破 解题综合提升 本表系统梳理物主代词的分类用法、一般过去时的构成与句式变化，搭配互助主题典型例句与正误对比，助力精准掌握语法应用规则。 语法模块 核心要点 具体内容 典型例句（含正误对比） 一、物主代词（表所属关系） 1. 分类及人称对应 ① 形容词性物主代词（形物代）：my/your/his/her/its/our/their（后接名词） ② 名词性物主代词（名物代）：mine/yours/his/hers/its/ours/theirs（后不接名词） ③ 核心关系：形物代 + 名词 = 名物代 ① 形物代：my father、her book、their bags（正确） ② 名物代：This pen is mine. = This is my pen.（正确） 错误：This is my.（修正：mine 或 my pen） 2. 核心用法 ① 形物代：作定语，修饰名词 ② 名物代：作主语 / 宾语 / 表语，单独使用 ③ 双重所有格：a + 名词 + of + 名物代（表部分） ① 定语：The little girl holds her mother’s hand.（正确） ② 表语：Is this key yours?（正确） ③ 双重所有格：She is a friend of mine.（我的一个朋友，正确） 错误：She is a friend of me.（修正：mine） 3. 特殊注意 ① 人称代词宾格 vs 物主代词：动词后接宾格（teach us English） ② 固定表达：物主代词 + 身体部位（hurt her leg） ③ its 无所有格形式（its = 形物代 + 名物代） ① He teaches us English.（正确）、He teaches our English.（错误） ② The cat hurt its paw.（正确） ③ 错误：it’s book（修正：its book 或 it’s a book） 二、一般过去时（表过去动作 / 状态） 1. 核心含义 ① 过去发生的具体动作（短暂 / 持续） ② 过去存在的状态 ① 动作：Lingling helped me with English last week.（正确） ② 状态：It was Sunday yesterday.（正确） 错误：She helps me yesterday.（修正：helped） 2. 时间标志词 yesterday、last week/month、just now、ten years ago、the day before yesterday、in 2025 等 They visited friends last weekend.（正确） He fell off the bike just now.（正确） 错误：We go to the park last Sunday.（修正：went） 3. 动词过去式变化 ① 规则变化：加 ed（help→helped）、加 d（live→lived）、变 y 为 i 加 ed（study→studied）、双写尾辅音加 ed（stop→stopped） ② 不规则变化（必记）：am/is→was、are→were、go→went、teach→taught、fall→fell 等 ① 规则：visited、studied（正确） ② 不规则：She fell off the bike. / They were happy.（正确） 错误：teach→teached（修正：taught）、fall→fell（正确） 4. 基础句式 ① 肯定句：主语 + was/were/ 动词过去式 + 其他 ② 否定句：主语 + wasn't/weren't/didn't + 动词原形 + 其他 ③ 一般疑问句：Was/Were/Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？ ④ 特殊疑问句：疑问词 + Was/Were/Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？ ① 肯定：Judy joined the club two years ago.（正确） ② 否定：Lily didn’t go shopping yesterday.（正确） ③ 疑问：Did you visit the zoo?（正确） ④ 特殊疑问：Where did you go yesterday?（正确） 错误：Did he went to Beijing?（修正：go） 使用注意事项 1. 物主代词的选择：后接名词用形物代，无名词用名物代，不可混淆，例如：my book（正确）、mine book（错误）、This is mine（正确）。 2. 双重所有格与 of + 宾格的区别：a friend of mine 表示 “众多朋友中的一个”，a friend of me 表示 “唯一的朋友”，日常表达中优先用前者。 3. 一般过去时的标志词触发：看到 last...、yesterday、just now 等词，动词必须用过去式，不可用现在时或三单形式。 4. 不规则动词过去式需重点记忆高频词（如 teach→taught、bring→brought、fall→fell），避免规则化错误。 5. 否定句和疑问句中，实义动词需用原形（借助 did），be 动词直接变 wasn't/weren't，例如：He didn't watch TV（正确）、Were they at home?（正确）。 一、单项选择 1．—Does your sister often go to school by bike? — Yes. The bike in front of the building is _______. A．hers B．her C．she 2．Eric ________ your friend. Do you know ________ phone number? A．is; he B．are; his C．is; his 3．—How ________ your weekend? —It ________ great. A．was; was B．is; was C．was; is 4．Judy ________ the Weifang World Kite Museum yesterday. She saw different kinds of kites there. A．visits B．visited C．is visiting 5．The storm ________ suddenly while we were walking in the park. A．come B．came C．comes 6．—Are those Lily’s shoes? —No, they are _____. _______ are under the bed. A．my, Her B．mine, Hers C．mine; His 7．There ________ a big tree in front of the house in 2000. A．were B．was C．is 8．—Sorry, Amy. I don’t have scissors either.   —Never mind. I can ask Coupar later to see if I can use ________. A．his B．mine C．yours 9．The blue hat is ________. A．her B．hers C．my 10．—Hi, Sally! Is the sweater on the bed ________? —No, ask Eric, ________ has one. A．his, she B．yours, he C．your, his 11．He often ________ his homework at night. But he ________ to the movies with his friends last night. A．does; goes B．did; went C．does; went 12．The phone can’t be Mary’s. ________ is in her school bag. A．Hers B．Her C．She 13．My grandfather ________ smoke, but now he doesn’t. A．used to B．is used to C．was used to 14．She ________ a new dress in the shop near the Forbidden City. A．buy B．buys C．bought 15．I _________ a kite with my brother last Saturday. A．flew B．am flying C．fly 二、完成句子 16．我昨天晚上去书店买了一本有趣的书。 I went to the bookstore and ________ an interesting book last night. 17．她的电话号码是多少? What’s ________ ________ number? 18．他们在公园里举行了野餐。 They ________ a ________ in the park. 19．莉莉不得不留在家里因为她的宠物狗病了。 Lily _________ _________ stay at home because her pet dog was ill. 20．简昨天收到了父母的来信。 Jane ________ ________ her parents yesterday. 21．Those are my black trousers. (同义句转换) Those ________ ________ are ________. 22．This is my schoolbag. (改为同义句)   This schoolbag is ________. 23．My favourite sport is basketball. (对划线部分提问) ________ ________ favourite sport? 24．桌子上的紫砂茶壶是我祖父母的。 The zisha _________ on the table are _________. 25．王子一看到她，就爱上了她。 As soon as the prince saw her, he ________ with her. 26．Did you use to play the piano? (肯定回答) Yes, ________ ________. 27．These are my pencils. (改为一般疑问句) ________ these ________ pencils? 28．他走进来，脱下外套，坐在我旁边。 He came in, ________ ________ his coat and sat down beside me. 29．What did your brother do last weekend?  (用watch TV回答 ) ________________________________________________________ 30．Did two people die in the accident? (做否定回答) No, _______ _______. 三、语法填空 Passage 1 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的词,或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 Hello, I’m David from England. I’m 14 years old. I 1 (be) on vacation in Yunnan with my parents last month. We were very happy and had 2 great time there. We stayed in a hotel near a lake. I saw the snowy mountains far away from my bedroom window. It was my 3 (one) time there, so it was very exciting. We 4 (take) lots of beautiful photos. 5 a sunny morning, we decided to go to the mountains. When we walked along the mountains, we had to 6 (go) with the guide 7 it was easy to get lost. In the afternoon, we took a boat for more 8 two hours in the lake. It was 9 (interest). 10 last we were quite hungry. We had some rice noodles. They were delicious. All in all, it was a great day. Passage 2 根据下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容 (1个单词) 或括号内单词的正确形式。 It was snowing 1 (heavy) outside and the snow reminded me of the famous story Snow White. Once upon 2 time, there was a king and a queen. They lived happily 3 had no kids. Later they had a girl and the girl was very beautiful. The whole family 4 (be) very happy. The girl was named Snow White. It was unlucky that the queen 5 (die) when she gave birth to Snow White. The king married (娶) another woman. She was jealous (嫉妒的) of Snow White’s beauty (美貌) so she asked someone 6 (kill) Snow White. But Snow White was saved. Then the woman turned herself 7 an old lady and tried to kill Snow White with a poisonous (有毒的) apple. Luckily, a prince 8 (save) Snow White and fell in love with (爱上) 9 (she). Soon they got married and 10 (live) a happy life. Passage 3 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个恰当的单词或括号内所给单词的正确形式。 Ms Lin is my music teacher. She is a 30-year-old 1 (China) woman. She is my favourite teacher but we only have two music lessons 2 week. The first one is 3 the afternoon of Monday. It is relaxing. Our second music lesson 4 (be) on Friday morning. We all like it. Ms Lin teaches music for four 5 (hour) a day. When she 6 (finish) her class, she helps us in the school music club. Ms Lin teaches us to play the guitar. What does she do in 7 (she) free time? On Saturday or Sunday, she likes going to some village (村庄) schools. She takes some music books. She thinks they are 8 (use) to the students. The students love Ms Lin and her music. They want to play cool music 9 (good) like Ms Lin. Why does Ms Lin go to the village schools? 10 she loves the village students and wants them to like music and be happy. Passage 4 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In the State of Zheng, there was a man. He wanted to go to the town to buy a new pair of shoes. Before he 1 (leave) home, he measured (测量) his feet with 2 piece of straw (稻草) for size. After 3 (arrive) in the town, he went to a shoe shop. He put 4 (he) hand into his pocket. But 5 (luck), he couldn’t find the straw. Also, he 6 (forget) the size. Then, he turned around and started for home. When he ran back to the shoe shop with the measurement, the shop closed. In the end, he was busy 7 (get) nothing. Later, someone asked him, “Were you buying shoes for yourself 8 for others?” He answered, “For myself. ” Someone asked him, “Don’t you have your feet with yourself? I think what you need to do is only to try 9 shoes with your feet. You really needn’t go back home 10 (bring) the measurement. ” The man of Zheng still said, “I trust (相信) the measurement is better than my own feet. ” Passage 5 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In the State of Zheng, there was a man. He wanted to go to the town to buy a new pair of shoes. Before he 1 (leave) home, he measured (测量) his feet with 2 piece of straw (稻草) for size. After 3 (arrive) at the town, he went to a shoe shop. He put 4 (he) hand into his pocket. But 5 (luck) , he couldn’t find the straw. Also, he 6 (forget) the size. Then, he turned around and started for home. When he ran back to the shoe shop with the measurement, the shop was closed. In the end, he was busy 7 (get) nothing. Later, someone asked him, “Were you buying shoes for yourself 8 for others?” He answered, “For myself. ” Someone asked him, “Don’t you have your feet on yourself? I think what you need to do is only to try 9 shoes with your feet. You really needn’t go back home 10 bring the measurement. ” The man of Zheng still said, “I trust(相信) the measurement is better than my own feet. ” Passage 6 China is a large country. It has special cultures with a long history. Chinese food plays 1 important role for Chinese families. Chinese people eat 2 (they) meals with chopsticks. One of the main foods 3 (be) rice. Tea is a favourite drink. Chinese calendar is different 4 the calendar in Western countries. Chinese New Year is in late winter. It is also called the Spring Festival. And there are also some special 5 (tradition) cultures. For example, sweeping the floor before the New Year 6 (mean) sweeping away all the old year’s bad luck. Among all the traditional festivals in China, the Spring Festival is the 7 (important) one for family reunions. Chinese is a little difficult language. Chinese writing has developed for over 6000 years. It has thousands of 8 (interest) characters. A character stands for a word 9 also shows a special meaning. Besides Putonghua, Chinese people speak some other forms of the language, and there are many different kinds of dialects (方言). Many foreigners are 10 (real) showing great interest in learning the Chinese language. 8 / 8乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $单元核心语法精练 Unit 10 Lending a Helping Hand （物主代词和一般过去时） 内容提要 核心语法回顾 专项能力突破 解题综合提升 本表系统梳理物主代词的分类用法、一般过去时的构成与句式变化，搭配互助主题典型例句与正误对比，助力精准掌握语法应用规则。 语法模块 核心要点 具体内容 典型例句（含正误对比） 一、物主代词（表所属关系） 1. 分类及人称对应 ① 形容词性物主代词（形物代）：my/your/his/her/its/our/their（后接名词） ② 名词性物主代词（名物代）：mine/yours/his/hers/its/ours/theirs（后不接名词） ③ 核心关系：形物代 + 名词 = 名物代 ① 形物代：my father、her book、their bags（正确） ② 名物代：This pen is mine. = This is my pen.（正确） 错误：This is my.（修正：mine 或 my pen） 2. 核心用法 ① 形物代：作定语，修饰名词 ② 名物代：作主语 / 宾语 / 表语，单独使用 ③ 双重所有格：a + 名词 + of + 名物代（表部分） ① 定语：The little girl holds her mother’s hand.（正确） ② 表语：Is this key yours?（正确） ③ 双重所有格：She is a friend of mine.（我的一个朋友，正确） 错误：She is a friend of me.（修正：mine） 3. 特殊注意 ① 人称代词宾格 vs 物主代词：动词后接宾格（teach us English） ② 固定表达：物主代词 + 身体部位（hurt her leg） ③ its 无所有格形式（its = 形物代 + 名物代） ① He teaches us English.（正确）、He teaches our English.（错误） ② The cat hurt its paw.（正确） ③ 错误：it’s book（修正：its book 或 it’s a book） 二、一般过去时（表过去动作 / 状态） 1. 核心含义 ① 过去发生的具体动作（短暂 / 持续） ② 过去存在的状态 ① 动作：Lingling helped me with English last week.（正确） ② 状态：It was Sunday yesterday.（正确） 错误：She helps me yesterday.（修正：helped） 2. 时间标志词 yesterday、last week/month、just now、ten years ago、the day before yesterday、in 2025 等 They visited friends last weekend.（正确） He fell off the bike just now.（正确） 错误：We go to the park last Sunday.（修正：went） 3. 动词过去式变化 ① 规则变化：加 ed（help→helped）、加 d（live→lived）、变 y 为 i 加 ed（study→studied）、双写尾辅音加 ed（stop→stopped） ② 不规则变化（必记）：am/is→was、are→were、go→went、teach→taught、fall→fell 等 ① 规则：visited、studied（正确） ② 不规则：She fell off the bike. / They were happy.（正确） 错误：teach→teached（修正：taught）、fall→fell（正确） 4. 基础句式 ① 肯定句：主语 + was/were/ 动词过去式 + 其他 ② 否定句：主语 + wasn't/weren't/didn't + 动词原形 + 其他 ③ 一般疑问句：Was/Were/Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？ ④ 特殊疑问句：疑问词 + Was/Were/Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？ ① 肯定：Judy joined the club two years ago.（正确） ② 否定：Lily didn’t go shopping yesterday.（正确） ③ 疑问：Did you visit the zoo?（正确） ④ 特殊疑问：Where did you go yesterday?（正确） 错误：Did he went to Beijing?（修正：go） 使用注意事项 1. 物主代词的选择：后接名词用形物代，无名词用名物代，不可混淆，例如：my book（正确）、mine book（错误）、This is mine（正确）。 2. 双重所有格与 of + 宾格的区别：a friend of mine 表示 “众多朋友中的一个”，a friend of me 表示 “唯一的朋友”，日常表达中优先用前者。 3. 一般过去时的标志词触发：看到 last...、yesterday、just now 等词，动词必须用过去式，不可用现在时或三单形式。 4. 不规则动词过去式需重点记忆高频词（如 teach→taught、bring→brought、fall→fell），避免规则化错误。 5. 否定句和疑问句中，实义动词需用原形（借助 did），be 动词直接变 wasn't/weren't，例如：He didn't watch TV（正确）、Were they at home?（正确）。 一、单项选择 1．—Does your sister often go to school by bike? — Yes. The bike in front of the building is _______. A．hers B．her C．she 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你的妹妹骑自行车去上学吗？——是的，在那栋楼前面的自行车是她的。 考查代词。hers她的，名词性物主代词；her她的，她；形容词性物主代词或者人称代词宾格形式；she她，人称代词主格形式。根据“The bike in front of the building is...”可知，答题空表示的是“她的自行车”。用名词性物主代词。故选A。 2．Eric ________ your friend. Do you know ________ phone number? A．is; he B．are; his C．is; his 【答案】C 【详解】句意：埃里克是你的朋友。你知道他的电话号码吗？ 考查be动词和形容词性物主代词。主语Eric为第三人称单数，第一空需用is；第二空后接名词phone number，需用形容词性物主代词his修饰。故选C。 3．—How ________ your weekend? —It ________ great. A．was; was B．is; was C．was; is 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你的周末过得怎么样？——很棒。   考查动词时态。根据“your weekend”可知第一空询问过去的状态，用过去时was；第二空描述周末的感受，也用过去时was。故选A。 4．Judy ________ the Weifang World Kite Museum yesterday. She saw different kinds of kites there. A．visits B．visited C．is visiting 【答案】B 【详解】句意：Judy昨天参观了潍坊世界风筝博物馆。她在那里看到了各种各样的风筝。 考查动词时态辨析。根据时间状语“yesterday”可知，此句表示过去时间，动词需用一般过去时，强调动作发生在昨天。故选B。 5．The storm ________ suddenly while we were walking in the park. A．come B．came C．comes 【答案】B 【详解】句意：当我们正在公园散步时，暴风雨突然来临。 考查动词时态。come来，原形；came来，过去式；comes来，第三人称单数。根据从句“while we were walking in the park”可知，主句动作发生在过去，需用一般过去时，动词使用过去式。故选B。 6．—Are those Lily’s shoes? —No, they are _____. _______ are under the bed. A．my, Her B．mine, Hers C．mine; His 【答案】B 【详解】句意：-那些是Lily的鞋子吗？-不，它们是我的。她的在床下面。选项中的my为形容词性物主代词“我的”，mine是名词性物主代词“我的”；his既是形容词性物主代词也是名词性物主代词，意为“他的”，her是人称代词she的宾格形式，也可以作为形容词性物主代词“她的”，其名词性物主代词是hers。形容词性物主代词在句中常作定语，后面常跟名词；名词性物主代词在句中常作主语、宾语和表语，后面无需再加名词。第一空充当表语，第二空充当主语，故均应使用名词性物主代词，结合语境可知答案应选B项。 【点睛】形容词性物主代词与名词性物主代词用法口诀：形物代词能力差，自己不能来当家，句子当中作定语，后面要把名词加；名物代词能力强，自己独来又独往，句子成分主表宾，后面名词不能跟。 7．There ________ a big tree in front of the house in 2000. A．were B．was C．is 【答案】B 【详解】句意：2000年时，这栋房子前面有一棵大树。 考查动词时态和主谓一致。根据“...in 2000”可知是过去的时间，句子用一般过去时；a big tree是单数名词，主语是单数，be动词用was。故选B。 8．—Sorry, Amy. I don’t have scissors either.   —Never mind. I can ask Coupar later to see if I can use ________. A．his B．mine C．yours 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——抱歉，Amy。我也没有剪刀。——没关系。我一会可以去问问Coupar看我是否可以用他的。 考查名词性物主代词。his他的；mine我的；yours你的。根据“I can ask Coupar later to see if I can use…”可知，这里指的是去看看是否可以使用他的（Coupar的）。故选A。 9．The blue hat is ________. A．her B．hers C．my 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这顶蓝色的帽子是她的。 考查代词辨析。her她的，形容词性物主代词；hers她的，名词性物主代词；my我的，形容词性物主代词。空后没有名词，需用名词性物主代词，故选B。 10．—Hi, Sally! Is the sweater on the bed ________? —No, ask Eric, ________ has one. A．his, she B．yours, he C．your, his 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——嗨，莎莉！床上的毛衣是你的吗？——不是，问问埃里克，他有一件。 考查代词。his他的，物主代词；she她，主格；yours你的，名词性物主代词；he他；your你的，形容词性物主代词；第一空指“某人的毛衣”，空后没有名词，应用名词性物主代词；第二空作主语，应用主格，结合“Eric”可知，指的是男孩，应用he作主语，故选B。 11．He often ________ his homework at night. But he ________ to the movies with his friends last night. A．does; goes B．did; went C．does; went 【答案】C 【详解】句意：他经常在晚上做作业。但他昨晚和朋友去看电影了。 考查时态。根据“often”可知第一个句子用一般现在时，主语是he，谓语动词用单三；根据“last night”可知第二个句子用一般过去时，动词用过去式。故选C。 12．The phone can’t be Mary’s. ________ is in her school bag. A．Hers B．Her C．She 【答案】A 【详解】句意：电话不可能是玛丽的。她的在书包里。 考查代词辨析。hers她的；her她的；she她。此处指“她的电话”，空后无名词，此处用名词性物主代词hers。故选A。 13．My grandfather ________ smoke, but now he doesn’t. A．used to B．is used to C．was used to 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我爷爷过去常常抽烟，但现在他不抽了。 考查used to的用法。used to过去常常，后接动词原形；is used to现在习惯于，后接名词或动名词；was used to过去习惯于，后接名词或动名词。根据“but now he doesn’t”可知，此处表示过去经常做而现在不再做的动作，且“smoke”为动词原形。故选A。 14．She ________ a new dress in the shop near the Forbidden City. A．buy B．buys C．bought 【答案】C 【详解】句意：她在故宫附近的商店里买了一条新裙子。 考查动词时态。句子描述的是过去发生的动作，应使用一般过去时，buy的过去式是bought，故选C。 15．I _________ a kite with my brother last Saturday. A．flew B．am flying C．fly 【答案】A 【详解】试题分析：句意：上周六我和我哥哥去放风筝了。由last Saturday判断此题用一般过去时。故选A。 点晴：此题要根据所给的时间状语去选择使用正确的时态，并掌握fly的过去式形式。 二、完成句子 16．我昨天晚上去书店买了一本有趣的书。 I went to the bookstore and ________ an interesting book last night. 【答案】bought 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“买”，空格后“an interesting book”表示名词，因此此处用动词来连接。buy“买”，动词，根据“went”，可知，前后时态应保持一致，此处应用其过去式，buy过去式为bought。故填bought。 17．她的电话号码是多少? What’s ________ ________ number? 【答案】 her telephone/phone 【详解】根据句子结构可知空处应填“她的电话”，her意为“她的”，telephone或phone都可以表示“电话”，故填her；telephone/phone。 18．他们在公园里举行了野餐。 They ________ a ________ in the park. 【答案】 had picnic 【详解】对照中英文可知，缺少“举行了野餐”，英文表达为have a picnic，时态为一般过去时，用过去式had a picnic。故填had；picnic。 19．莉莉不得不留在家里因为她的宠物狗病了。 Lily _________ _________ stay at home because her pet dog was ill. 【答案】 had to 【详解】此处缺have to“不得不”，是固定结构，结合“was”可知，此处动词用过去式，后接动词原形，故填had；to。 20．简昨天收到了父母的来信。 Jane ________ ________ her parents yesterday. 【答案】 heard from 【详解】对比中英文可知，空格处缺少“收到了……来信”，其英文表达为receive a letter from sb./hear from sb.，动词短语；结合“yesterday”，句子时态为一般过去时，动词应用过去式heard/received；但题目空格仅两处，此处应用heard from。故填heard；from。 21．Those are my black trousers. (同义句转换) Those ________ ________ are ________. 【答案】 black trousers mine 【详解】句意：那些是我的黑色裤子。原句等同于“那些黑色裤子是我的”。black trousers“黑色裤子”，作主语。第二空空格后没有名词，故用名词性物主代词mine“我的”。故填black；trousers；mine。 22．This is my schoolbag. (改为同义句)   This schoolbag is ________. 【答案】mine 【详解】句意：这是我的书包。根据“This is my schoolbag.”可知，原句中“my”是形容词性物主代词，后面必须接名词“schoolbag”，表示“我的书包”，同义句中横线后无名词，需用名词性物主代词“mine”，含义等同于“my schoolbag”，可直接作表语，与原句意思完全一致。故填mine。 23．My favourite sport is basketball. (对划线部分提问) ________ ________ favourite sport? 【答案】 What’s your 【详解】句意：我最喜欢的运动是篮球。根据划线部分“basketball”可知，此处应询问最喜欢什么运动，因此应用what“什么”引导特殊疑问句，后加一般疑问句，原句为含有be动词is的句子，一般疑问句时需把is提至句首，what is=what’s，句子开头首字母大写；原句my“我的”，疑问句时需改为your“你的”。故填What’s；your。 24．桌子上的紫砂茶壶是我祖父母的。 The zisha _________ on the table are _________. 【答案】 teapots my grandparents’ 【详解】teapot“茶壶”，根据后文的“are”可知，此处填名词复数形式；my grandparents“我的祖父母”，此处指的是“祖父母的”，应该填名词所有格形式。故填teapots；my grandparents’。 25．王子一看到她，就爱上了她。 As soon as the prince saw her, he ________ with her. 【答案】fell in love 【详解】fall in love with sb“爱上某人”；根据从句中的“saw”可知，时态是一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式fell。故填fell in love。 26．Did you use to play the piano? (肯定回答) Yes, ________ ________. 【答案】 I did 【详解】句意：你过去常常弹钢琴吗？根据Did以及you可知，答语的代词用I，助动词用did，故填I；did。 27．These are my pencils. (改为一般疑问句) ________ these ________ pencils? 【答案】 Are your 【详解】句意：这些是我的铅笔。原句有be动词are，一般疑问句将are提到句首并大写首字母，疑问句将my改为your。故填Are；your。 28．他走进来，脱下外套，坐在我旁边。 He came in, ________ ________ his coat and sat down beside me. 【答案】 took off 【详解】脱下：take off。空处与前文“came in”并列，也用过去式。故填took；off。 29．What did your brother do last weekend?  (用watch TV回答 ) ________________________________________________________ 【答案】He watched TV last weekend. 【详解】句意：上个周末你的哥哥做了什么？根据“your brother”可知你的哥哥是男性，回答句子的主语用“he”。根据“last weekend”可知问的是过去的动作，回答句子的谓语动词用一般过去时态，“watch TV”变成“watched TV”，时间状语是“last weekend”。故填He watched TV last weekend. 30．Did two people die in the accident? (做否定回答) No, _______ _______. 【答案】 they didn’t 【详解】句意：事故中有两个人死了吗？一般疑问句是以“Did two people”开头，此处作否定回答，应表达为“No, 主语+didn’t”，主语是they，指代“two people”。故填they；didn’t。 三、语法填空 Passage 1 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的词,或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 Hello, I’m David from England. I’m 14 years old. I 1 (be) on vacation in Yunnan with my parents last month. We were very happy and had 2 great time there. We stayed in a hotel near a lake. I saw the snowy mountains far away from my bedroom window. It was my 3 (one) time there, so it was very exciting. We 4 (take) lots of beautiful photos. 5 a sunny morning, we decided to go to the mountains. When we walked along the mountains, we had to 6 (go) with the guide 7 it was easy to get lost. In the afternoon, we took a boat for more 8 two hours in the lake. It was 9 (interest). 10 last we were quite hungry. We had some rice noodles. They were delicious. All in all, it was a great day. 【答案】 1. was 2. a 3. first 4. took 5. On 6. go 7. because 8. than 9. interesting 10. At 【导语】本文讲述了来自英国的14岁少年大卫上个月和父母在云南度假的经历，描述了当地的美景、活动以及美食，表达了愉快的心情。 1. 句意：上个月我和父母在云南度假。根据“last month”可知，句子时态为一般过去时，主语为I，be动词应用was。故填was。 2. 句意：我们很开心，在那里玩得很愉快。根据“had...great time there”可知，此处考查固定短语have a great time“玩得愉快”。故填a。 3. 句意：那是我第一次去那里，所以非常令人兴奋。根据“my...time”可知，此处表示第一次，应用序数词first“第一”。故填first。 4. 句意：我们拍了很多漂亮的照片。根据语境可知，句子时态为一般过去时，谓语动词应用过去式，take的过去式为took。故填took。 5. 句意：在一个阳光明媚的早晨，我们决定去爬山。根据“a sunny morning”可知，此处表示在具体某一天的上午，应用介词on，句首首字母大写。故填On。 6. 句意：当我们沿着山走的时候，我们不得不跟着导游走。根据“had to...”可知，此处考查固定短语have to do sth“不得不做某事”，因此应用动词原形go。故填go。 7. 句意：当我们沿着山走的时候，我们不得不跟着导游走，因为很容易迷路。根据“we had to go with the guide...it was easy to get lost”可知，前后句为因果关系，前果后因，因此应用because“因为”引导原因状语从句。故填because。 8. 句意：下午，我们在湖里乘船两个多小时。根据“more...two hours”可知，此处考查固定短语more than“多于，超过”。故填than。 9. 句意：它很有趣。根据“It was...”可知，此处应用interest的形容词形式interesting“有趣的”作表语，修饰物。故填interesting。 10. 句意：最后我们相当饿。at last为固定短语，意为“最后”，句首首字母大写。故填At。 Passage 2 根据下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容 (1个单词) 或括号内单词的正确形式。 It was snowing 1 (heavy) outside and the snow reminded me of the famous story Snow White. Once upon 2 time, there was a king and a queen. They lived happily 3 had no kids. Later they had a girl and the girl was very beautiful. The whole family 4 (be) very happy. The girl was named Snow White. It was unlucky that the queen 5 (die) when she gave birth to Snow White. The king married (娶) another woman. She was jealous (嫉妒的) of Snow White’s beauty (美貌) so she asked someone 6 (kill) Snow White. But Snow White was saved. Then the woman turned herself 7 an old lady and tried to kill Snow White with a poisonous (有毒的) apple. Luckily, a prince 8 (save) Snow White and fell in love with (爱上) 9 (she). Soon they got married and 10 (live) a happy life. 【答案】 1. heavily 2. a 3. but 4. were 5. died 6. to kill 7. into 8. saved 9. her 10. lived 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了白雪公主的经典故事，包括她的出生、继母的嫉妒与迫害、以及最终被王子拯救并获得幸福的故事。 1. 句意：外面正在下大雪，这让我想起了著名的故事《白雪公主》。此处修饰动词snowing，需用副词形式。heavy“沉重的，繁重的”是形容词，其副词形式为heavily“大量地；猛烈地”。故填heavily。 2. 句意：从前，有一位国王和王后。once upon a time“从前”是固定短语。故填a。 3. 句意：他们生活得很幸福，但没有孩子。前后两个分句为转折关系，前句说“lived happily”，后句说“had no kids”。but“但是”是连词，符合语境。故填but。 4. 句意：全家人都非常高兴。主语The whole family在此指家庭全体成员，视为复数概念，且描述过去的情况，谓语动词需用一般过去时。be动词的复数过去式是were。故填were。 5. 句意：不幸的是，王后在生白雪公主时去世了。when引导时间状语从句，描述过去发生的动作，谓语动词需用一般过去时。die“去世”的过去式是died。故填died。 6. 句意：她嫉妒白雪公主的美貌，所以派人去杀白雪公主。ask sb. to do sth.“要求/派某人做某事”是动词短语，需用动词不定式。kill“杀死”的不定式形式是to kill。故填to kill。 7. 句意：然后那个女人把自己变成一个老妇人。turn oneself into...“把自己变成……”是动词短语，into是介词。故填into。 8. 句意：幸运的是，一位王子救了白雪公主。句子缺少谓语动词，描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。save“救”的过去式是saved。故填saved。 9. 句意：并爱上了她。fall in love with sb.“爱上某人”，介词with后需接人称代词的宾格形式作宾语。she“她”是人称代词主格，其宾格形式为her。故填her。 10. 句意：不久他们结婚了，过上了幸福的生活。and连接两个并列的谓语动词，前文got married是一般过去时，此处也应用一般过去时。live“生活”的过去式是lived。故填lived。 Passage 3 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个恰当的单词或括号内所给单词的正确形式。 Ms Lin is my music teacher. She is a 30-year-old 1 (China) woman. She is my favourite teacher but we only have two music lessons 2 week. The first one is 3 the afternoon of Monday. It is relaxing. Our second music lesson 4 (be) on Friday morning. We all like it. Ms Lin teaches music for four 5 (hour) a day. When she 6 (finish) her class, she helps us in the school music club. Ms Lin teaches us to play the guitar. What does she do in 7 (she) free time? On Saturday or Sunday, she likes going to some village (村庄) schools. She takes some music books. She thinks they are 8 (use) to the students. The students love Ms Lin and her music. They want to play cool music 9 (good) like Ms Lin. Why does Ms Lin go to the village schools? 10 she loves the village students and wants them to like music and be happy. 【答案】 1. Chinese 2. a/every/each 3. on 4. is 5. hours 6. finishes 7. her 8. useful 9. well 10. Because 【导语】本文介绍了作者的音乐老师林老师，包括她的年龄、课程安排、教学日常以及她在周末去乡村学校义务教音乐的善举。 1. 句意：她是一位30岁的中国女性。此处需要形容词修饰woman，China的形容词形式为Chinese，意为“中国的”。故填Chinese。 2. 句意：但我们每周只有两节音乐课。表示“每周”用a week或every week或each week。故填a/ every/each。 3. 句意：第一节在星期一下午。具体到某一天的下午，介词用on。故填on。 4. 句意：我们的第二节音乐课在星期五早上。因为主语Our second music lesson为单数，时态为一般现在时，所以be动词用is。故填is。 5. 句意：林老师每天教四个小时音乐。根据“four”可知，后面用可数名词的复数形式，hour的复数形式为hours。故填hours。 6. 句意：当她上完课，她在学校音乐俱乐部帮助我们。因为主语she为第三人称单数，本句为一般现在时，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式finishes。故填finishes。 7. 句意：她在空闲时间做什么？根据“free time”可知，它前面需用形容词性物主代词修饰，she的物主代词是her。故填her。 8. 句意：她认为它们对学生有用。因为be useful to为固定搭配，意为“对……有用”，此处要用use的形容词useful。故填useful。 9. 句意：他们想和林老师一样把酷炫的音乐演奏好。因为此处要修饰动词play，所以应使用副词，good的副词形式为well。故填well。 10. 句意：因为她爱乡村的学生，想让他们喜欢音乐并快乐。此处解释原因，且位于句首，首字母要大写。故填Because。 Passage 4 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In the State of Zheng, there was a man. He wanted to go to the town to buy a new pair of shoes. Before he 1 (leave) home, he measured (测量) his feet with 2 piece of straw (稻草) for size. After 3 (arrive) in the town, he went to a shoe shop. He put 4 (he) hand into his pocket. But 5 (luck), he couldn’t find the straw. Also, he 6 (forget) the size. Then, he turned around and started for home. When he ran back to the shoe shop with the measurement, the shop closed. In the end, he was busy 7 (get) nothing. Later, someone asked him, “Were you buying shoes for yourself 8 for others?” He answered, “For myself. ” Someone asked him, “Don’t you have your feet with yourself? I think what you need to do is only to try 9 shoes with your feet. You really needn’t go back home 10 (bring) the measurement. ” The man of Zheng still said, “I trust (相信) the measurement is better than my own feet. ” 【答案】 1. left 2. a 3. arriving 4. his 5. unluckily 6. forgot 7. getting 8. or 9. on 10. to 【导语】本文主要讲述了“郑人买履”的故事。 1. 句意：在他离开家之前，他用一根稻草测量了自己脚的尺寸。根据“Before he…(leave) home”可知，故事描述的是过去的事情，要用一般过去时，“leave”的过去式是“left”。故填left。 2. 句意：在他离开家之前，他用一根稻草测量了自己脚的尺寸。根据“he measured his feet with…piece of straw for size”可知，“a piece of”是固定短语表示“一根”，所以填“a”。故填a。 3. 句意：到达城镇后，他去了一家鞋店。根据“After…(arrive) in the town”可知，“after”是介词，后接动词的-ing形式，“arrive”的动名词是“arriving”。故填arriving。 4. 句意：他把手伸进口袋。根据“He put…(he) hand into his pocket”可知，此处要修饰名词“hand”，需用形容词性物主代词，“he”的形容词性物主代词是“his”。故填his。 5. 句意：但不幸的是，他找不到那根稻草了。根据“But…(luck), he couldn’t find the straw”可知，此处要修饰整个句子，且表示“不幸地”，“luck”的副词形式“unluckily”符合语境。故填unluckily。 6. 句意：而且，他忘记了尺寸。根据“Also, he…(forget) the size”可知，故事发生在过去，要用一般过去时，“forget”的过去式是“forgot”。故填forgot。 7. 句意：最后，他忙了一场却什么也没得到。根据“In the end, he was busy…(get) nothing”可知，“be busy doing sth.”是固定搭配，表示“忙于做某事”，“get”的动名词是“getting”。故填getting。 8. 句意：你是给自己买鞋还是给别人买？根据“Were you buying shoes for yourself…for others?”可知，这是选择疑问句，需用连词“or”表示“或者”。故填or。 9. 句意：我认为你只需要用脚试穿鞋子。根据“I think what you need to do is only to try…shoes with your feet”可知，“try on”是固定短语表示“试穿”。故填on。 10. 句意：你真的没必要回家去拿测量的稻草。根据“You really needn’t go back home…bring the measurement”可知，此处表目的，需用动词不定式符号“to”。故填to。 Passage 5 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In the State of Zheng, there was a man. He wanted to go to the town to buy a new pair of shoes. Before he 1 (leave) home, he measured (测量) his feet with 2 piece of straw (稻草) for size. After 3 (arrive) at the town, he went to a shoe shop. He put 4 (he) hand into his pocket. But 5 (luck) , he couldn’t find the straw. Also, he 6 (forget) the size. Then, he turned around and started for home. When he ran back to the shoe shop with the measurement, the shop was closed. In the end, he was busy 7 (get) nothing. Later, someone asked him, “Were you buying shoes for yourself 8 for others?” He answered, “For myself. ” Someone asked him, “Don’t you have your feet on yourself? I think what you need to do is only to try 9 shoes with your feet. You really needn’t go back home 10 bring the measurement. ” The man of Zheng still said, “I trust(相信) the measurement is better than my own feet. ” 【答案】 1. left 2. a 3. arriving 4. his 5. unluckily 6. forgot 7. getting 8. or 9. on 10. to 【导语】本文主要讲述了“郑人买履”的故事。 1. 句意：在他离开家之前，他用一根稻草测量了自己脚的尺寸。根据“Before he…(leave) home”可知，文章讲的是过去的事，要用一般过去时，“leave”的过去式是“left”。故填left。 2. 句意：在他离开家之前，他用一根稻草测量了自己脚的尺寸。根据“he measured his feet with…piece of straw for size”可知，“a piece of”是固定短语表示“一根”，所以填“a”。故填a。 3. 句意：到达城镇后，他去了一家鞋店。根据“After…(arrive) at the town”可知，“after”是介词，后面要跟动词的-ing形式，“arrive”的动名词是“arriving”。故填arriving。 4. 句意：他把手伸进口袋。根据“He put…(he) hand into his pocket”可知，这里要修饰名词“hand”，要用形容词性物主代词，“he”的形容词性物主代词是“his”。故填his。 5. 句意：但不幸的是，他找不到那根稻草了。根据“But…(luck), he couldn’t find the straw”可知，这里要修饰整个句子，且表示“不幸地”，“unluckily”符合语境。故填unluckily。 6. 句意：而且，他忘记了尺寸。根据“Also, he…(forget) the size”可知，故事是过去发生的，要用一般过去时，“forget”的过去式是“forgot”。故填forgot。 7. 句意：最后，他忙了一场却什么也没得到。根据“In the end, he was busy…(get) nothing”可知，“be busy doing sth.”是固定搭配，表示“忙于做某事”，“get”的动名词是“getting”。故填getting。 8. 句意：你是给自己买鞋还是给别人买？根据“Were you buying shoes for yourself…for others?”可知，这里是选择疑问句，要用连词“or”表示“或者”。故填or。 9. 句意：我认为你只需要用脚试穿鞋子。根据“I think what you need to do is only to try…shoes with your feet”可知，“try on”是固定短语表示“试穿”。故填on。 10. 句意：你真的没必要回家去拿测量的稻草。根据“You really needn’t go back home…bring the measurement”可知，这里表示目的，要用动词不定式符号。故填to。 Passage 6 China is a large country. It has special cultures with a long history. Chinese food plays 1 important role for Chinese families. Chinese people eat 2 (they) meals with chopsticks. One of the main foods 3 (be) rice. Tea is a favourite drink. Chinese calendar is different 4 the calendar in Western countries. Chinese New Year is in late winter. It is also called the Spring Festival. And there are also some special 5 (tradition) cultures. For example, sweeping the floor before the New Year 6 (mean) sweeping away all the old year’s bad luck. Among all the traditional festivals in China, the Spring Festival is the 7 (important) one for family reunions. Chinese is a little difficult language. Chinese writing has developed for over 6000 years. It has thousands of 8 (interest) characters. A character stands for a word 9 also shows a special meaning. Besides Putonghua, Chinese people speak some other forms of the language, and there are many different kinds of dialects (方言). Many foreigners are 10 (real) showing great interest in learning the Chinese language. 【答案】 1. an 2. their 3. is 4. from 5. traditional 6. means 7. most important 8. interesting 9. and 10. really 【导语】本文主要介绍了中国悠久的历史文化，包括饮食文化、传统节日（尤其是春节）以及语言文字等方面。 1. 句意：中国食物在中国人的家庭中扮演着一个重要的角色。play an important role“扮演重要角色”，固定短语，important是元音音素开头，故用不定冠词an。故填an。 2. 句意：中国人用筷子吃他们的饭。空处修饰名词meals，用形容词性物主代词，they的形容词性物主代词为their。故填their。 3. 句意：主食之一是米饭。“One of+可数名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，本文整体为一般现在时，因此be动词用is。故填is。 4. 句意：中国的日历与西方国家的日历不同。be different from“与……不同”，固定搭配。故填from。 5. 句意：并且也有一些特殊的传统文化。空处修饰名词cultures，用形容词作定语，tradition的形容词为traditional“传统的”。故填traditional。 6. 句意：例如，在新年之前扫地意味着扫去过去一年所有的坏运气。本文主体时态是一般现在时，空处是动名词短语作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数，mean的第三人称单数为means。故填means。 7. 句意：在中国所有传统节日中，春节对于家庭团聚来说是最重要的节日。根据“Among all the traditional festivals in China”可知，比较范围是三者以上，应用最高级形式，important的最高级为most important。故填most important。 8. 句意：它有成千上万个有趣的汉字。空处修饰名词characters，指物，用-ing形式的形容词作定语。故填interesting。 9. 句意：一个汉字代表一个词，并且也展示一种特殊的含义。空格前后“stands for a word”和“also shows a special meaning”是并列递进关系，因此用连词and连接。故填and。 10. 句意：很多外国人确实对学习汉语表现出极大的兴趣。此处修饰动词showing，需要用副词，形容词real的副词形式为really。故填really。 6 / 15乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $