Unit 1 Honesty and responsibility重点单词变形，语法，短语，句型练习-2025-2026学年高二英语译林版选择性必修第四册

Unit 1 Honesty and responsibility 重点单词变形，短语，句型，语法练习 单词变形 1．appointment n．约定，约会；任命，委托；职务→ vt.约会；任命 2．reliable adj.可信赖的，可依靠的；真实可信的，可靠的→ vi.依靠；依赖 3．innocent adj.无辜的，清白的，无罪的；天真无邪的，纯真的n.无辜者，单纯的人→ n．天真；清白 4．legal adj.合法的；法律的→ adj.不合法的；违法的 5．socialist adj.社会主义的n.社会主义者→ adj.社会的；社交的→ n．社会 6．photographer n．摄影师，拍照者→ n．摄影；摄影术 7．guilty adj.感到内疚的，感到惭愧的；有罪的，有过失的→ n．内疚；犯罪；有罪 8．ashamed adj.惭愧，羞愧，尴尬→ n．羞耻；羞愧；惭愧→ adj.可耻的，丢脸的 9．disappointed adj.失望的，沮丧的→ vt.使失望，使沮丧→ adj.令人失望的→ n．失望，沮丧 10．guidance n．指导；导航→ vt.带领；引导 n．向导 11．discouraged adj.灰心的→ adj.令人灰心的，令人泄气的 → vt.阻止，使气馁 12．saving n．节省物，节省；储蓄金→ vt.节省；保存；储蓄；解救 一、单句语法填空 1． (assume) that he doesn’t make it, what should we do to comfort him? 2．I need to make an (appoint) with the manager to talk about my work plan this Friday. 3．Solar and wind power are becoming increasingly (rely) thanks to advances in battery storage. 4．Instead of throwing away a (wrap) after you indulge in something sweet, keep it in a jar. 5．They (cheat) once when they tried to buy second-hand books online and learnt to check the information carefully. 6．Tom felt     (shame), for he couldn’t answer the teacher’s question in class. 7．There’s only one way to find out: I'm rolling up my sleeves and training under the (guide) of senior stage masters in the field. 8．I am confident that under your (guide), I would be able to improve and perform to the best of my ability. 9．It is (legal) to use electronic devices to cheat in the English college entrance exam. 10．The harder you work, the (soon) you will achieve your goal. 11．She went to fetch him a warm blanket on the cold night, not out of care alone but partly out of (guilty). 12．His father watched TV while his mother (cook). 13．The students who failed the mid-term exam (burden) with extra assignments since last month, leaving them exhausted. 14．Last week, my name tags (标牌)   (sew) into the collar of my shirts by my mother. 15．China currently dominates the rare earth (mine) market and the auto industry has long relied on the country to source EV batteries. 16．It’s a (merciful) that the accident happened so near the hospital. 17．It’s a (crime) act to abuse your child this way. 18．I have (bare) enough money to live on. 19．In addition, I am also a good (photograph), which might be useful for some of the articles. 20．I gave the librarian the alarm (direct) I saw the smoke in the distance. 二、单词拼写 21．When a volunteer lost some books, Amy (原谅) her and comforted her gently. 22．From the expression on his face, she strongly (怀疑) him of lying to her. 23．Under the (指导) of the experienced coach, the young athlete's performance improved significantly. 24．The audience burst into applause (立即) the performance ended. 25．Although the hike was tough, the breathtaking view at the top made it all (值得的) . 26．Excitement rose in me as I held the beautifully (包，裹) present in my hands. 27．Is (有机的) food really healthier? Is it worth the expense? 28．He was sure that the man was (清白的) of any crime. 29．We were not able to meet the (截止日期) because of manufacturing delays. 30．From where we are in the orchestra, you can see every (皱纹) on her face. 三、完成句子 31．The smile on her face . 她脸上的笑容像钻石一样闪闪发光。 32．如果我们能提高人们对它的认识，鼓励更多的人采取行动，这将产生很大的影响。 , it will make a big difference. 33． he put the son ride his neck. 他是如此的高兴以至于他把小儿子举起来，让他骑在自己的脖子上。 34．我必须要努力学习以便我能跟上我的同学。 I have to work hard . 35．我决定实现我的梦想，尽管我父母反对。 I decided to realise my dream, my parents were against it. 36．任何人，无论是谁，都要接受身份检查。 Any person, they are, must go through an identity check. 37．既然雨停了，我们可以去散步了。 the rain has stopped, we can go for a walk. 38．只要你努力，你就会实现自己的梦想。 You are certain to make your dream come true you make great efforts. 39．海伦听得很仔细，以便她能准确发现她需要的内容。 Helen listened carefully she might discover exactly what she needed. 40．人们相信，工作越努力，得到的就越多。 It is believed that you work, you’ll get. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Honesty, often 41 (consider) as a fundamental virtue, plays a crucial role in our daily lives. Those who possess honesty are more likely 42 (earn) the trust of others. In school, for example, honest students will always admit their mistakes instead of covering them up. This not only helps in self-improvement but also 43 (show) respect for teachers and classmates. Being honest can sometimes be 44 challenge, especially when there are potential benefits in being dishonest. However, the short-term gains from lying usually pale in comparison to the long-term 45 (lose) of reputation. In a job interview, employers highly value candidates 46 qualities are positive. They believe that an honest employee will be more reliable when handling his assignment and will be 47 great value to the company. We should encourage 48 (we) to be honest in every situation. Remember, it is honesty 49 builds strong relationships, whether it is in personal or professional life. By 50 (practice) honesty, we can create a better world around us. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Honesty is the best policy. But in many situations, people do not want the truth. Whether it’s a fact of life or a 51 (criticize) of their behavior, everyone has truths they want to ignore. These truths 52 (call) truth bombs. This metaphor shows truth can cause damage if not 53 (handle) well, so caution should be exercised when pointing out difficult truths. Sometimes we drop truth bombs out of anger. We may rationalize (合理解释) our words by saying that we need to express our 54 (emotion) or to help change their ways. But often we use the truth as 55 weapon to make the other person feel bad and to repay them for what they did. Truth bombs rarely lead to 56 (production) discussions because they trigger (触发) a defensive reaction. Over time, truth bombs can increase conflict and weaken trust in relationships. Also, truth bombs often fail 57 (represent) the whole truth. Anger can make it difficult to see the big picture. Sometimes people do need to hear hard truths. Pretending that problems do not exist can weaken trust just as much as dropping truth bombs can. And failing to address problems in relationships can lead to resentment (怨恨), 58 may eventually boil over into conflict. By presenting truth and addressing problems 59 a constructive way, you can strengthen relationships and avoid the emotional damage that comes from using 60 (over) blunt (直言的) words. 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 1 Honesty and responsibility 重点单词变形，短语，句型，语法练习 单词变形 1．appointment n．约定，约会；任命，委托；职务→appoint vt.约会；任命 2．reliable adj.可信赖的，可依靠的；真实可信的，可靠的→rely vi.依靠；依赖 3．innocent adj.无辜的，清白的，无罪的；天真无邪的，纯真的n.无辜者，单纯的人→innocence n．天真；清白 4．legal adj.合法的；法律的→illegal adj.不合法的；违法的 5．socialist adj.社会主义的n.社会主义者→social adj.社会的；社交的→society n．社会 6．photographer n．摄影师，拍照者→photography n．摄影；摄影术 7．guilty adj.感到内疚的，感到惭愧的；有罪的，有过失的→guilt n．内疚；犯罪；有罪 8．ashamed adj.惭愧，羞愧，尴尬→shame n．羞耻；羞愧；惭愧→shameful adj.可耻的，丢脸的 9．disappointed adj.失望的，沮丧的→disappoint vt.使失望，使沮丧→disappointing adj.令人失望的→disappointment n．失望，沮丧 10．guidance n．指导；导航→guide vt.带领；引导 n．向导 11．discouraged adj.灰心的→discouraging adj.令人灰心的，令人泄气的→discourage vt.阻止，使气馁 12．saving n．节省物，节省；储蓄金→save vt.节省；保存；储蓄；解救 一、单句语法填空 1． (assume) that he doesn’t make it, what should we do to comfort him? 【答案】Assuming 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：假设他没有成功，我们该做些什么来安慰他？assume为动词，表示“假设”，固定短语assuming that表示“假设”，引导条件状语从句，符合句意，句首单词首字母大写。故填Assuming。 2．I need to make an (appoint) with the manager to talk about my work plan this Friday. 【答案】appointment 【详解】考查名词。句意：我需要和经理预约一下，以便在本周五讨论我的工作计划。不定冠词an后接单数名词，make an appointment with表示“预约”。故填appointment。 3．Solar and wind power are becoming increasingly (rely) thanks to advances in battery storage. 【答案】reliable 【详解】考查形容词。句意：由于电池存储技术的进步，太阳能和风能正变得越来越可靠。设空处应作表语，且与“are becoming”构成系表结构，表示“可靠的”，故用形容词形式。故填reliable。 4．Instead of throwing away a (wrap) after you indulge in something sweet, keep it in a jar. 【答案】wrapper 【详解】考查名词。句意：不要在享受完甜点后扔掉包装纸，把它放在一个罐子里。空处应为名词单数，作宾语；wrapper表示“包装纸”，为可数名词。故填wrapper。 5．They (cheat) once when they tried to buy second-hand books online and learnt to check the information carefully. 【答案】were cheated 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：他们有一次在网上买二手书时被骗了，从此学会了仔细核实信息。设空处作谓语，主语They和动词cheat之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；根据learnt可知，句子时态为一般过去时，所以用一般过去时的被动语态，其结构是was/were + 过去分词，主语是They，be动词用were，cheat的过去分词是cheated。故填were cheated。 6．Tom felt     (shame), for he couldn’t answer the teacher’s question in class. 【答案】ashamed 【详解】考查形容词。句意：汤姆感到很羞愧，因为他在课堂上答不上老师的问题。根据“Tom felt”可知，此空应是描述人感受的形容词ashamed，意为“羞愧的，羞耻的”，作表语。故填ashamed。 7．There’s only one way to find out: I'm rolling up my sleeves and training under the (guide) of senior stage masters in the field. 【答案】guidance 【详解】考查名词。句意：只有一个办法能弄清楚：我正撸起袖子，在这一领域的资深大师的指导下进行训练。根据设空前的介词under和设空后的of可知，设空处应用名词形式，under the guidance of意为“在……的指导下”，是固定搭配，故填guidance。 8．I am confident that under your (guide), I would be able to improve and perform to the best of my ability. 【答案】guidance 【详解】考查名词。句意：我相信在你的指导下，我一定能有所进步，发挥出自己的最佳水平。此空应填名词作介词under的宾语，guidance，表示“指导”，为不可数名词，符合语境。故填guidance。 9．It is (legal) to use electronic devices to cheat in the English college entrance exam. 【答案】illegal 【详解】考查形容词。句意：在英语高考中使用电子设备作弊是非法的。根据句意及所给单词“legal(合法的)”可知，此处需填入其反义形容词“illegal(非法的)”，在句中作表语。故填illegal。 10．The harder you work, the (soon) you will achieve your goal. 【答案】sooner 【详解】考查比较等级。句意：你越努力，就越快实现目标。此处为“the + 比较级，the + 比较级”固定结构，表示“越……，越……”，用来引导比较状语从句。故填sooner。 11．She went to fetch him a warm blanket on the cold night, not out of care alone but partly out of (guilty). 【答案】guilt 【详解】考查名词。句意：在那个寒冷的夜晚，她去给他拿一床温暖的毯子，这不仅仅是出于关心，部分也是出于愧疚。此处作介词out of的宾语，应用guilty的名词形式guilt，意为“内疚”，为不可数名词，out of guilt表示“出于愧疚”，符合语境。故填guilt。 12．His father watched TV while his mother (cook). 【答案】was cooking 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：他妈妈做饭的时候，他爸爸在看电视。主句His father watched TV，使用了一般过去时，表示过去发生的动作。由于while引导的从句描述与主句同时发生的另一个动作，从句应用过去进行时，表示过去某段时间正在进行的动作。主谓一致，故填was cooking。 13．The students who failed the mid-term exam (burden) with extra assignments since last month, leaving them exhausted. 【答案】have been burdened 【详解】考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：自上个月以来，期中考试不及格的学生一直承担着额外的作业，让他们筋疲力尽。根据时间状语since last month可知，空处需用现在完成时态，动词burden与主语The students之间是被动关系，空处需用被动语态，主语是复数The students，助动词需用have。故填have been burdened。 14．Last week, my name tags (标牌)   (sew) into the collar of my shirts by my mother. 【答案】were sewed/were sewn 【详解】考查谓语动词。句意：上周，我妈妈把我的姓名牌缝在了我的衬衫领子上。根据时间状语“Last week”可知，此处为一般过去时，主语“my name tags”与动词“sew”之间是被动关系，此处应用一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为“was/were + 过去分词”，主语是复数，be动词用“were”；“sew”的过去分词有两种形式，即“sewed”和“sewn”。故填were sewed/ sewn。 15．China currently dominates the rare earth (mine) market and the auto industry has long relied on the country to source EV batteries. 【答案】mineral 【详解】考查名词。句意：中国目前主导着稀土矿市场，汽车行业长期以来一直依赖中国来采购电动汽车电池。the rare earth mineral market 意为“稀土矿市场”，mineral为名词“矿物”，为名词作定语。故填mineral。 16．It’s a (merciful) that the accident happened so near the hospital. 【答案】mercy 【详解】考查名词。句意：幸好这起事故发生在医院附近，否则后果不堪设想。作表语，结合不定冠词，可知用单数名词mercy。故填mercy。 17．It’s a (crime) act to abuse your child this way. 【答案】criminal 【详解】考查形容词。句意：以这种方式虐待孩子是一种犯罪的行为。空格处需填入形容词修饰名词act。crime是名词，其形容词形式为criminal，表示“犯罪的”，符合句意。故填criminal。 18．I have (bare) enough money to live on. 【答案】barely 【详解】考查副词。句意：我的钱仅够维持生活。空处需用副词作状语修饰形容词enough；bare的副词为barely“仅仅，勉强”，符合题意。故填barely。 19．In addition, I am also a good (photograph), which might be useful for some of the articles. 【答案】photographer 【详解】考查名词。句意：此外，我还是一名出色的摄影师，这或许能为一些文章提供帮助。作表语，表示“摄影师”用名词photographer，不定冠词提示用单数。故填photographer。 20．I gave the librarian the alarm (direct) I saw the smoke in the distance. 【答案】directly 【详解】考查状语从句。句意：我一看到远处冒烟，就立刻给图书管理员报了警。此处需用连词引导状语从句，连词directly意为“一……就……”，相当于“as soon as”，引导时间状语从句，符合语境。故填directly。 二、单词拼写 21．When a volunteer lost some books, Amy (原谅) her and comforted her gently. 【答案】forgave 【详解】考查一般过去时。句意：当一名志愿者弄丢了一些书时，艾米原谅了她，并温柔地安慰她。“原谅”为forgive，且根据语境可知事情发生在过去，需用一般过去时，forgive的过去式是forgave，在句中作谓语。故填forgave。 22．From the expression on his face, she strongly (怀疑) him of lying to her. 【答案】suspected 【详解】考查动词。句意：从他脸上的表情来看，她强烈怀疑他在对她撒谎。根据汉语提示“怀疑”可知，此处为动词suspect，陈述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时。故填suspected。 23．Under the (指导) of the experienced coach, the young athlete's performance improved significantly. 【答案】guidance 【详解】考查名词。句意：在经验丰富的教练的指导下，这位年轻运动员的表现有了显著提升。根据汉语提示“指导”，对应的英文名词是guidance；under the guidance of是固定搭配，意为“在……的指导下”。故填guidance。 24．The audience burst into applause (立即) the performance ended. 【答案】immediately 【详解】考查连词。句意：表演一结束，观众们便立刻爆发出热烈的掌声。根据汉语提示可知用immediately，引导时间状语从句，表示“一……就”。故填immediately。 25．Although the hike was tough, the breathtaking view at the top made it all (值得的) . 【答案】worthwhile 【详解】考查形容词。句意：尽管徒步的过程十分艰难，但山顶令人惊艳的美景让这一切都变得值得。空处作宾补，形容词worthwhile“值得的”符合题意。故填worthwhile。 26．Excitement rose in me as I held the beautifully (包，裹) present in my hands. 【答案】wrapped 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：当我双手捧着包装精美的礼物时，我激动不已。根据汉语提示“包，裹”可知，应填动词wrap，此处为非谓语动词作定语，present与wrap构成被动关系，故用过去分词。故填wrapped。 27．Is (有机的) food really healthier? Is it worth the expense? 【答案】organic 【详解】考查形容词。句意：有机食品真的更健康吗？它真的值得花费这笔钱吗？根据汉语提示可知用形容词organic，修饰名词food。故填organic。 28．He was sure that the man was (清白的) of any crime. 【答案】innocent 【详解】考查形容词。句意：他确信这个人是无罪的。根据汉语意思提示可知，此处为形容词innocent“清白的，无罪的”作表语，满足句意要求。故填innocent。 29．We were not able to meet the (截止日期) because of manufacturing delays. 【答案】deadline 【详解】考查名词。句意：由于生产环节出现延误，我们未能在规定期限内完成任务。根据汉语提示可知用名词deadline，作宾语，故填deadline。 30．From where we are in the orchestra, you can see every (皱纹) on her face. 【答案】wrinkle 【详解】考查名词。句意：从我们在管弦乐队的位置，你可以看到她脸上的每一道皱纹。根据汉语提示“皱纹”，以及前文every后接可数名词单数，可知，此处应填名词的单数形式，“皱纹”对应的英文可数名词是wrinkle。故填wrinkle。 三、完成句子 31．The smile on her face . 她脸上的笑容像钻石一样闪闪发光。 【答案】shone like a diamond 【详解】考查动词和时态。句意：她脸上的笑容像钻石一样闪闪发光。“闪闪发光”作谓语，用动词shine，根据句意可知，该句描述的是过去发生的事情，所以谓语动词应用一般过去时shone，“像钻石一样”作方式状语，用介词短语like a diamond。故填shone like a diamond。 32．如果我们能提高人们对它的认识，鼓励更多的人采取行动，这将产生很大的影响。 , it will make a big difference. 【答案】If we can raise people’s awareness of it and encourage more people to take action 【详解】考查状语从句和动词短语。根据英汉意思对比可知，空处应填“如果我们能提高人们对它的认识，鼓励更多的人采取行动”，应用if引导的条件状语从句，句首单词首字母需大写；“我们能”用we can；“提高人们对……的认识”为固定短语raise people’s awareness of…，动词raise位于情态动词can后应用动词原形；“它”用it；“鼓励某人做某事”用固定短语encourage sb. to do sth.，encourage与raise作并列谓语，应用连词and来连接，且省略第二个can；“更多人”用more people，作encourage的宾语；“采取行动”用固定短语take action，句首单词首字母大写。故填If we can raise people’s awareness of it and encourage more people to take action。 33． he put the son ride his neck. 他是如此的高兴以至于他把小儿子举起来，让他骑在自己的脖子上。 【答案】He was so happy that 【详解】考查一般过去时及从句。根据句中put可知，此句描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时。“他”he，be动词使用was，“如此……以至于……”用so...that...引导结果状语从句，“高兴的”为happy，句首单词首字母大写。故译为He was so happy that。 34．我必须要努力学习以便我能跟上我的同学。 I have to work hard . 【答案】so that I can keep up with my classmates 【详解】考查目的状语从句、固定短语、情态动词。表示“以便”用so that，引导目的状语从句；表示“我”用I，作主语；表示“能”用情态动词can，后接动词原形；表示“跟上”用动词短语keep up with，位于情态动词can后，用动词原形；表示“我的同学”用my classmates，作keep up with的宾语。故填so that I can keep up with my classmates。 35．我决定实现我的梦想，尽管我父母反对。 I decided to realise my dream, my parents were against it. 【答案】even though或even if 【详解】考查让步状语从句。结合句意“尽管”，引导让步状语从句，可用even though或even if。故填even though或even if。 36．任何人，无论是谁，都要接受身份检查。 Any person, they are, must go through an identity check. 【答案】 no matter who 【详解】考查让步状语从句。设空处引导让步状语从句，表示“无论谁”，对主语“Any person”进行补充说明。“no matter who”是固定短语，意为“无论谁”，可以引导让步状语从句，在此处符合句意和结构。故填no； matter ；who。 37．既然雨停了，我们可以去散步了。 the rain has stopped, we can go for a walk. 【答案】 Now that 【详解】考查固定短语和状语从句。根据英汉意思对比可知，空处应填“既然”，为固定短语now that，引导原因状语从句，句首单词首字母需大写。故填Now that。 38．只要你努力，你就会实现自己的梦想。 You are certain to make your dream come true you make great efforts. 【答案】 as/so long as 【详解】考查状语从句。根据句意，此处表示“只要”，为固定短语as long as或so long as，用来引导条件状语从句，符合“努力就会实现梦想”的语义逻辑。故填①as/so；②long；③as 39．海伦听得很仔细，以便她能准确发现她需要的内容。 Helen listened carefully she might discover exactly what she needed. 【答案】 in order that 【详解】考查状语从句。根据句意，句中“以便”用in order that，引导目的状语从句。故填in order that。 40．人们相信，工作越努力，得到的就越多。 It is believed that you work, you’ll get. 【答案】 the harder the more 【详解】考查比较级。表示“越……越……”句型为the+比较级，the+比较级。表示“越努力”用比较级the harder；表示“越多”用the more。故填①the；②harder；③the；④more。 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Honesty, often 41 (consider) as a fundamental virtue, plays a crucial role in our daily lives. Those who possess honesty are more likely 42 (earn) the trust of others. In school, for example, honest students will always admit their mistakes instead of covering them up. This not only helps in self-improvement but also 43 (show) respect for teachers and classmates. Being honest can sometimes be 44 challenge, especially when there are potential benefits in being dishonest. However, the short-term gains from lying usually pale in comparison to the long-term 45 (lose) of reputation. In a job interview, employers highly value candidates 46 qualities are positive. They believe that an honest employee will be more reliable when handling his assignment and will be 47 great value to the company. We should encourage 48 (we) to be honest in every situation. Remember, it is honesty 49 builds strong relationships, whether it is in personal or professional life. By 50 (practice) honesty, we can create a better world around us. 【答案】 41．considered 42．to earn 43．shows 44．a 45．loss 46．whose 47．of 48．ourselves 49．that 50．practicing 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要探讨了诚实这一基本美德在日常生活中的重要性，包括其对人际关系、职业发展的影响，并呼吁人们在各种情境中践行诚实。 41．考查非谓语动词。句意：诚实常被视为一种基本美德，在我们的日常生活中起着至关重要的作用。此处为非谓语动词作定语修饰名词honesty，honesty与consider为被动关系，用过去分词considered。故填considered。 42．考查非谓语动词。句意：拥有诚实品质的人更有可能赢得他人的信任。此处为固定搭配be likely to do sth.，意为“可能做某事”，用动词不定式to earn。故填to earn。 43．考查动词时态。句意：例如，在学校里，诚实的学生总是会承认自己的错误，而不是掩盖它们，这不仅有助于自我提升，也体现了对老师和同学的尊重。此处为谓语动词，与helps并列，描述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语This为单数，所以谓语动词为shows。故填shows。 44．考查冠词。句意：诚实有时可能是一个挑战，尤其是当不诚实可能带来潜在利益时。challenge为可数名词单数，表泛指“一个挑战”，且以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a。故填a。 45．考查名词。句意：然而，与长期的声誉损失相比，撒谎带来的短期利益通常显得微不足道。根据空前the long-term可知，此处为名词作宾语，lose的名词为loss，意为“损失”，为不可数名词。故填loss。 46．考查定语从句。句意：在求职面试中，雇主高度重视品质积极的候选人。先行词为candidates，关系词在从句中作定语，修饰qualities，用关系代词whose引导定语从句。故填whose。 47．考查介词。句意：他们认为，诚实的员工在处理工作任务时会更可靠，对公司也会很有价值。此处为固定搭配be of great value，意为“很有价值”，所以此处使用介词of。故填of。 48．考查反身代词。句意：我们应该鼓励自己在任何情况下都保持诚实。此处作encourage的宾语，且主语与宾语为同一主体，宾语用反身代词ourselves。故填ourselves。 49．考查强调句。句意：记住，无论是在个人生活还是职业生活中，正是诚实建立了牢固的关系。去掉it is和设空处句子依然完整，故此处为强调句结构“It is +被强调部分+that+其他”，被强调部分为主语honesty，故填that。 50．考查非谓语动词。句意：通过践行诚实，我们可以创造一个更美好的世界。介词By后接动名词作宾语，所以此处为practice的动名词形式practicing。故填practicing。 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Honesty is the best policy. But in many situations, people do not want the truth. Whether it’s a fact of life or a 51 (criticize) of their behavior, everyone has truths they want to ignore. These truths 52 (call) truth bombs. This metaphor shows truth can cause damage if not 53 (handle) well, so caution should be exercised when pointing out difficult truths. Sometimes we drop truth bombs out of anger. We may rationalize (合理解释) our words by saying that we need to express our 54 (emotion) or to help change their ways. But often we use the truth as 55 weapon to make the other person feel bad and to repay them for what they did. Truth bombs rarely lead to 56 (production) discussions because they trigger (触发) a defensive reaction. Over time, truth bombs can increase conflict and weaken trust in relationships. Also, truth bombs often fail 57 (represent) the whole truth. Anger can make it difficult to see the big picture. Sometimes people do need to hear hard truths. Pretending that problems do not exist can weaken trust just as much as dropping truth bombs can. And failing to address problems in relationships can lead to resentment (怨恨), 58 may eventually boil over into conflict. By presenting truth and addressing problems 59 a constructive way, you can strengthen relationships and avoid the emotional damage that comes from using 60 (over) blunt (直言的) words. 【答案】 51．criticism 52．are called 53．handled 54．emotions 55．a 56．productive 57．to represent 58．which 59．in 60．overly 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了“真相炸弹”这一概念，即人们往往不愿意面对的真相，并探讨了“真相炸弹”对人际关系的负面影响以及在不同情境下如何处理这些真相。 51．考查名词。句意：无论是关于生活的某个事实，还是对其行为的批评，每个人都有自己想要忽略的真相。空处为名词形式担当表语；根据句意可知，空处意为“批评”填名词criticism。故填criticism。 52．考查谓语动词。句意：这些真相被称为“真相炸弹”。 空处为本句谓语动词；根据上下文可知，本句时态为一般现在时；主语为“these truths”，复数，和动词“call”之间为被动关系。故填are called。 53．考查状语从句的省略。句意：这一比喻表明，如果处理不当，真相可能会造成伤害，因此在指出令人难堪的真相时应谨慎行事。 空处为状语从句的省略；主语“truth”和动词“handle”之间为被动关系，用过去分词形式。故填handled。 54．考查名词的数。句意：我们可能会为自己的言辞找借口，称需要表达情绪或帮助对方改弦更张。 空处为名词形式担当宾语；根据空前的“our”可推测，空处为名词的复数形式。故填emotions。 55．考查冠词。句意：但事实上，我们常常将真相当作武器，让对方感到难堪，以报复他们的所作所为。 空处为修饰名词单数，表示泛指，用不定冠词形式，weapon起始音为辅音，故填a。 56．考查形容词。句意：“真相炸弹”很少能促成富有成效的讨论，因为它会引发防御性反应。 空处为修饰名词用形容词形式productive，意为“有成效的”。故填productive。 57．考查非谓语动词。句意：此外，“真相炸弹”往往无法反映全部事实。 空处为非谓语动词形式担当动词“fail”后的宾语，用动词不定式形式，构成：fail to do…，意为“未能做某事”，符合句意。故填to represent。 58．考查定语从句。句意：而未能解决人际关系中的问题会导致怨恨，最终可能激化为冲突。 空处为定语从句的关系词；代指主句一句话，在非限制性定语从句中担当主语，用关系代词which引导。故填which。 59．考查固定搭配。句意：通过以建设性的方式呈现真相并解决问题，你可以巩固人际关系，避免因言辞过于直率而造成情感伤害。 空处为固定搭配：in a…way，意为“用……方式”，符合句意。故填in。 60．考查副词。句意：通过以建设性的方式呈现真相并解决问题，你可以巩固人际关系，避免因言辞过于直率而造成情感伤害。修饰形容词“blunt”用副词形式overly，作状语。故填overly。 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $