【教材疏通】Unit 1 课时2 Reading(知识梳理)-2025-2026学年译林版英语八年级下册

2026-03-05
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学段 初中
学科 英语
教材版本 初中英语译林版八年级下册
年级 八年级
章节 Reading
类型 学案-知识清单
知识点 -
使用场景 同步教学-新授课
学年 2026-2027
地区(省份) 全国
地区(市) -
地区(区县) -
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发布时间 2026-03-05
更新时间 2026-03-05
作者 创客领学社
品牌系列 -
审核时间 2026-03-05
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中考回归考教材☆·疏通教材是前提 8B Unit 1 Past and present教材疏通 课时2 Reading (知识梳理) 【教材疏通】中考回归考教材·疏通教材是前提 学科网(北京)股份有限公1 / 1zxxk.com 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 重点词汇辨析及用法训练 1. crowded /ˈkraʊdɪd/ adj. 拥挤的 易错辨析: crowded(adj. 拥挤的) vs. crowd(n. 人群;v. 挤满)。 易错点:混淆词性,如错误表达“a crowd room”,正确应为“a crowded room”(一间拥挤的房间);crowd作动词时,常用搭配“be crowded with”(挤满……)。 例句: The street is always crowded with people during the Spring Festival. 春节期间,这条街总是挤满了人。 练一练: ( )The supermarket is ______ on weekends. Many people go shopping there. A. crowd B. crowded C. crowding D. crowds 答案: B 解析:空格处需填形容词作表语,描述超市的状态;A是名词/动词原形,C是现在分词,D是名词复数,均不符合语法;B是形容词“拥挤的”,符合句意,故选B。 2.convenient /kənˈviːniənt/ adj. 方便的 易错辨析: 易错点1:拼写错误,注意中间“veni”的拼写,避免写成“convinient”; 易错点2:用法搭配,“对某人来说方便”用“be convenient for sb.”,而非“be convenient to sb.”; 易错点3:反义词为inconvenient(不方便的),注意前缀in-的正确添加。 例句: It is convenient for me to take the subway to school every day. 每天坐地铁去上学对我来说很方便。 练一练: ( )—Is it ______ for you to meet me at 3 o’clock this afternoon? —Yes, I have no other plans. A. convenient B. difficult C. important D. necessary 答案: A 解析:根据答句“是的,我没有其他计划”,可知问句询问“是否方便”;A.方便的,B.困难的,C.重要的,D.必要的,结合句意,故选A。 3. innovation /ˌɪnəˈveɪʃn/ n. 创新 易错辨析: 易错点1:发音及拼写,注意重音在第二音节(/ˌɪnəˈveɪʃn/),避免拼写时漏写中间的“n”; 易错点2:词性辨析,innovation是名词,对应的动词是innovate(创新,发明),形容词是innovative(创新的),避免混淆词性使用。 例句: Technological innovation has changed our way of life greatly. 技术创新极大地改变了我们的生活方式。 练一练: ( )We need more ______ to solve this difficult problem. New ideas are important. A. innovation B. innovate C. innovative D. innovator 答案:A 解析:空格处需填名词,作need的宾语;A是名词“创新”,B是动词“创新”,C是形容词“创新的”,D是名词“创新者”;结合句意“我们需要更多创新来解决这个难题”,故选A。 4. southern /ˈsʌðən/ adj. 南部的,南方的 易错辨析: 易错点1:拼写错误,注意结尾是“-ern”,避免写成“souther”; 易错点2:用法区别,southern(形容词,修饰名词) vs. south(名词/副词,如in the south“在南方”,go south“去南方”); 易错点3:首字母大写情况,当修饰专有名词(如Southern China 华南)时,首字母需大写。 例句: The southern part of our country is very warm in winter. 我国的南方地区冬天很暖和。 练一练: ( )People in the ______ area of China usually eat rice as their main food. A. south B. southern C. southward D. southwards 答案:B 解析:空格处需填形容词,修饰名词area;A是名词/副词,C、D是副词“向南”,均不能修饰名词;B是形容词“南部的”,符合句意,故选B。 5. high-tech /haɪ 'tek/ adj. 高技术的,高科技的(尤指电子方面) 易错辨析: 易错点1:拼写,high-tech可写作high-tech(带连字符)或hightech(无连字符),两种形式均正确,但初中阶段优先掌握带连字符的形式; 易错点2:用法,只能作形容词,修饰名词,不能单独作谓语,如错误表达“ This product is high-tech very much”,正确应为“This is a very high-tech product”。 例句: This company produces many high-tech products, such as smart phones and robots. 这家公司生产许多高科技产品,比如智能手机和机器人。 练一练: ( )With the development of science, more and more ______ tools are used in our daily life. A. high-tech B. high technology C. tech D. technology 答案:A 解析:空格处需填形容词,修饰名词tools;A是形容词“高科技的”,B、D是名词“高科技”,C是名词“技术”,均不能修饰名词;故选A。 6. pioneer /ˌpaɪəˈnɪə(r)/ n. 先锋,先驱 易错辨析: 易错点1:发音及拼写,重音在第二音节(/ˌpaɪəˈnɪə(r)/),避免拼写时漏写“e”; 易错点2:词性辨析,pioneer可作名词(先锋)或动词(开拓,开创),作动词时常用搭配“pioneer sth.”(开拓某物); 易错点3:复数形式为pioneers,直接加s。 例句: Yuan Longping is a great pioneer in the field of hybrid rice. 袁隆平是杂交水稻领域的伟大先驱。 练一练: ( )He is one of the ______ of modern science. His contributions are great. A. pioneer B. pioneers C. pioneering D. pioneer’s 答案:B 解析:one of 后接可数名词复数,意为“……之一”;A是单数,C是形容词“开拓性的”,D是名词所有格“先锋的”,均不符合;B是复数“先锋们”,符合语法和句意,故选B。 7. reform /rɪˈfɔːm/ n. 改革 易错辨析: 易错点1:发音,作名词时重音在第一音节(/ˈrɪfɔːm/),作动词时重音在第二音节(/rɪˈfɔːm/),注意区分; 易错点2:词性辨析,可作名词(改革)或动词(改革,改进),作动词时常用搭配“reform sth.”(改革某物); 易错点3:拼写,避免写成“reforme”。 例句: The reform of education has helped more students get a good education. 教育改革帮助更多学生获得了良好的教育。 练一练: ( )The government carried out a series of ______ to improve people’s living standards. A. reform B. reforms C. reforming D. reformed 答案:B 解析:a series of 后接可数名词复数,意为“一系列……”;A是单数名词/动词原形,C是现在分词,D是过去式/过去分词,均不符合;B是复数“改革”,符合句意,故选B。 8. very /ˈveri/ adj. 最…的,十足的 易错辨析: 易错点1:词性及用法,此处重点掌握形容词用法(最……的,十足的),常修饰名词,且多与the连用,如“the very man”(正是那个人); 易错点2:区分形容词与副词用法,very作副词时意为“非常”,修饰形容词/副词,如“very good”(非常好),此处注意题干中给出的形容词词性; 易错点3:避免过度使用,如错误表达“very very beautiful”,可改为“very beautiful”或“extremely beautiful”。 例句: This is the very book I have been looking for. 这正是我一直在找的那本书。 练一练: ( )—Is this the book you want? —Yes! This is ______ book I need. A. a B. an C. the very D. very the 答案:C 解析:结合句意“这正是我需要的书”,very此处作形容词,意为“正是的,十足的”,常与the连用,修饰名词;A、B是不定冠词,不符合句意;D语序错误,正确语序是the very;故选C。 9. at the very heart of 在…的核心 易错辨析: 易错点1:固定搭配,不能遗漏the或very,如错误表达“at heart of”“at the heart of”,正确搭配是“at the very heart of”; 易错点2:含义理解,very此处起强调作用,意为“正是,恰好”,整个短语表示“在……的正核心、最核心”; 易错点3:用法,后面常接名词或名词短语,作地点状语或表语。 例句: Education is at the very heart of a country’s development. 教育是一个国家发展的核心。 练一练: ( )Innovation is ______ the development of high-tech industry. A. at the very heart of B. in the heart of C. at heart D. by heart 答案:A 解析:结合句意“创新是高科技产业发展的核心”,需用固定短语“at the very heart of”(在……的核心);B.在……的中心(无强调含义),C.本质上,D.牢记,均不符合句意;故选A。 10. technology /tekˈnɒlədʒi/ n. (= tech) 技术 易错辨析: 易错点1:拼写,注意结尾是“-logy”,避免写成“technolagy”; 易错点2:单复数,technology作“技术(总称)”时是不可数名词,作“具体的一项技术”时是可数名词,复数形式为technologies; 易错点3:缩写,tech是其口语化缩写,正式书面语中优先使用technology。 例句: We should learn new technology to improve our work efficiency. 我们应该学习新技术来提高工作效率。 练一练: ( )With the development of ______, people’s life becomes more and more convenient. A. technology B. tech C. technologies D. technological 答案:A 解析:此处指“技术总称”,是不可数名词;A是不可数名词“技术”,B是口语化缩写(正式语境不优先使用),C是复数(指具体多项技术,此处不适用),D是形容词“技术的”;结合句意,故选A。 11. industry /ˈɪndəstri/ n. 行业;工业 易错辨析: 易错点1:拼写,注意中间是“-dust-”,避免写成“indistry”; 易错点2:含义区分,作“工业”讲时,是不可数名词(如heavy industry 重工业);作“行业”讲时,是可数名词,复数形式为industries; 易错点3:常见搭配,如film industry(电影行业),automobile industry(汽车工业)。 例句: The computer industry is developing very fast in recent years. 近年来,计算机行业发展非常迅速。 练一练: ( )She works in the fashion ______ and designs many beautiful clothes. A. industry B. industries C. industrial D. industrious 答案:A 解析:空格处需填名词,指“时尚行业”,是可数名词单数;A是单数“行业、工业”,B是复数(此处指单一行业,不适用),C是形容词“工业的”,D是形容词“勤奋的”;结合句意,故选A。 12. giant /ˈdʒaɪənt/ n. 大公司;巨人,庞然大物 易错辨析: 易错点1:词性辨析,可作名词(大公司、巨人)或形容词(巨大的),此处重点掌握名词用法; 易错点2:含义区分,作“大公司”讲时,常指行业内的龙头企业,如“tech giant”(科技巨头);作“巨人”讲时,可指身材高大的人,也可指某领域的杰出人物; 易错点3:复数形式为giants,直接加s。 例句: Apple is one of the world’s leading tech giants. 苹果公司是世界领先的科技巨头之一。 练一练: ( )Many small companies are competing with the industry ______ for market share. A. giant B. giants C. giant’s D. gigantic 答案:B 解析:结合句意“许多小公司正在与行业巨头争夺市场份额”,此处指多个行业巨头,需用复数;A是单数,C是名词所有格,D是形容词“巨大的”,均不符合;B是复数“巨头们”,故选B。 13. lead /liːd/ vt. & vi. 引领;领导;n. 领先地位;负责人;主演 易错辨析: 易错点1:发音,作动词时读/liːd/,作名词时读/led/,注意区分; 易错点2:动词过去式/过去分词,lead的过去式和过去分词均为led(/led/),避免写成“lead”; 易错点3:常见搭配,作动词时“lead sb. to do sth.”(带领某人做某事),作名词时“take the lead”(领先)。 例句: He led us to the classroom and introduced the new teacher to us. 他带领我们到教室,并向我们介绍了新老师。(动词) She is in the lead in the singing competition.她在歌唱比赛中处于领先地位。(名词) 练一练: ( )Our teacher ______ us to plant trees in the park last weekend. A. lead B. leads C. led D. leading 答案:C 解析:根据时间状语last weekend(上周末),可知句子用一般过去时,谓语动词需用过去式;lead的过去式是led,A是原形,B是第三人称单数,D是现在分词,均不符合;故选C。 14. move /muːv/ v. 改变,转变,动摇 易错辨析: 易错点1:含义区分,此处重点掌握“改变,转变”的含义,避免只记住“移动”的含义; 易错点2:常见搭配,“move from...to...”(从……转变到……),“move forward”(向前发展,转变); 易错点3:词性拓展,名词形式是movement(运动,转变),避免混淆使用。 例句: The company decided to move from traditional industry to high-tech industry. 这家公司决定从传统行业转变到高科技行业。 练一练: ( )Our society is ______ towards a more environmentally friendly future. A. move B. moves C. moving D. moved 答案:C 解析:句子用现在进行时,结构为“be+doing”,表示正在发生的动作;A是原形,B是第三人称单数,D是过去式/过去分词,均不符合;C是现在分词,符合语法,句意:我们的社会正在向更环保的未来转变,故选C。 15. wealth /welθ/ n. 大量,丰富;财富 易错辨析: 易错点1:词性,wealth是不可数名词,没有复数形式,避免写成“wealths”; 易错点2:形容词形式是wealthy(富有的),避免混淆词性,如错误表达“a wealth man”,正确应为“a wealthy man”; 易错点3:搭配,“a wealth of”(大量的),后接可数名词复数或不可数名词。 例句: He has a wealth of experience in teaching English.他有丰富的英语教学经验。(大量) He worked hard to create wealth for his family.他努力工作为家人创造财富。(财富) 练一练: ( )There is ______ information about this topic on the Internet. You can search for it. A. a wealth of B. many C. a lot D. much of 答案:A 解析:information是不可数名词,需用能修饰不可数名词的短语;A.大量的(可修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词),B.许多(修饰可数名词复数),C.很,非常(副词短语,不能直接修饰名词),D.错误搭配(much后不接of,直接修饰不可数名词);故选A。 16. a wealth of 大量的,丰富的 易错辨析: 易错点1:固定搭配,不能遗漏a,如错误表达“wealth of”,正确搭配是“a wealth of”; 易错点2:修饰对象,可修饰可数名词复数(如a wealth of books 大量的书)或不可数名词(如a wealth of knowledge 丰富的知识); 易错点3:区别于“plenty of”,两者均表示“大量的”,但“a wealth of”更具书面语色彩,初中阶段重点掌握其搭配和用法。 例句: The old man has a wealth of stories about his childhood. 这位老人有很多关于他童年的故事。 练一练: ( )She has ______ friends and always feels happy. A. a wealth of B. a wealth C. wealth of D. many wealth 答案:A 解析:空格处需填表示“大量的”短语,修饰可数名词复数friends;A是正确搭配“大量的”,B、C搭配错误,D中wealth是不可数名词,不能用many修饰;故选A。 17. excellent /ˈeksələnt/ adj. 优秀的,杰出的,极好的 易错辨析: 易错点1:拼写,注意开头是“ex-”,中间是“cell”,避免写成“exelent”; 易错点2:用法,是形容词,可作定语或表语,语气比good、great更强,常用于赞美; 易错点3:搭配,“be excellent at”(擅长……),相当于“be good at”,但语气更强烈。 例句: She is an excellent student and always gets good grades. 她是一名优秀的学生,总是取得好成绩。 练一练: ( )—How was your performance in the speech contest? —It was ______. The judges praised me a lot. A. good B. great C. excellent D. nice 答案:C 解析:根据答句“评委们非常表扬我”,可知表现非常好,语气需强烈;A.好的,B.很棒的,C.优秀的,杰出的,D.美好的;C语气最强,符合语境,故选C。 18. educational /ˌedʒuˈkeɪʃənl/ adj. 教育的,有关教育的 易错辨析: 易错点1:拼写,注意是在education(名词,教育)后加al构成形容词,避免写成“educationnal”(多写一个n); 易错点2:发音,重音在第三音节(/ˌedʒuˈkeɪʃənl/); 易错点3:用法,修饰名词,如educational programs(教育节目),educational resources(教育资源)。 例句: This TV program is very educational and helps us learn a lot of knowledge. 这个电视节目很有教育意义,帮助我们学到很多知识。 练一练: ( )We should watch more ______ videos to improve our abilities. A. education B. educational C. educate D. educator 答案:B 解析:空格处需填形容词,修饰名词videos;A是名词“教育”,C是动词“教育”,D是名词“教育家”,均不符合;B是形容词“教育的”,符合句意,故选B。 19. award /əˈwɔːd/ n. 奖,奖项 易错辨析: 易错点1:发音及拼写,重音在第二音节(/əˈwɔːd/),避免写成“award”(拼写正确,但注意发音); 易错点2:词性辨析,可作名词(奖)或动词(授予,颁发),此处重点掌握名词用法; 易错点3:区别于prize,award常指官方或正式颁发的奖项,prize常指比赛、竞赛获得的奖品。 例句: He won the first award in the painting competition. 他在绘画比赛中获得了一等奖。 练一练: ( )She got an ______ for her excellent performance in the English competition. A. award B. prize C. gift D. present 答案:A 解析:结合句意“她因在英语比赛中的出色表现获得了一个奖项”,此处指正式的奖项;A.奖项(正式颁发),B.奖品(比赛奖品),C、D是“礼物”,均不符合;且an后接元音音素开头的单词,award是元音音素开头,prize是辅音音素开头,故选A。 20. public /ˈpʌblɪk/ adj. 公共的;公众的 易错辨析: 易错点1:拼写,注意结尾是“-lic”,避免写成“publick”; 易错点2:常见搭配,public places(公共场所),public transport(公共交通),in public(公开地); 易错点3:词性,可作形容词或名词(公众),作名词时常用“the public”(公众,谓语动词可用单数或复数)。 例句: We should keep public places clean and tidy. 我们应该保持公共场所干净整洁。 练一练: ( )Smoking is not allowed in ______ places in our city. A. private B. public C. personal D. own 答案:B 解析:结合句意“我们城市的公共场所不允许吸烟”,public places(公共场所)是固定搭配;A.私人的,C.个人的,D.自己的,均不符合句意;故选B。 21. citizen /ˈsɪtɪzn/ n. 居民,市民;公民 易错辨析: 易错点1:拼写,注意结尾是“-zen”,避免写成“citizen”(拼写正确,但注意发音); 易错点2:复数形式,citizen的复数是citizens,直接加s; 易错点3:含义区分,“市民”侧重指城市里的居民,“公民”侧重指具有某国国籍的人,初中阶段可通用。 例句: Every citizen has the responsibility to protect the environment. 每个公民都有保护环境的责任。 练一练: ( )All the ______ in this city are working hard to make it more beautiful. A. citizen B. citizens C. citizen’s D. citizens’ 答案:B 解析:all后接可数名词复数,此处指“所有市民”;A是单数,C是单数所有格,D是复数所有格,均不符合;B是复数“市民们”,符合句意,故选B。 22. greenway /ˈɡriːnweɪ/ n. 林荫道 易错辨析: 易错点1:拼写,由green(绿色的)和way(道路)组成,中间无连字符,避免写成“green-way”; 易错点2:复数形式,greenway的复数是greenways,直接加s; 易错点3:含义,侧重指“种植了树木、植被的林荫道”,区别于普通的road(道路)、street(街道)。 例句: We often take a walk along the greenway after dinner. 我们经常在晚饭后沿着林荫道散步。 练一练: ( )There are many tall trees on both sides of the ______, so it’s very cool in summer. A. road B. street C. greenway D. avenue 答案:C 解析:根据“两边有很多高大的树,所以夏天很凉爽”,可知此处指林荫道;A.道路,B.街道,C.林荫道,D.大道;结合句意,故选C。 23. electric /ɪˈlektrɪk/ adj. 电动的 易错辨析: 易错点1:拼写,注意开头是“elec-”,避免写成“electic”; 易错点2:区别于electronic(电子的),electric侧重“电动的,依靠电力工作的”(如electric car 电动车),electronic侧重“电子的,与电子设备相关的”(如electronic products 电子产品); 易错点3:常见搭配,electric bike(电动车),electric fan(电风扇)。 例句: More and more people choose to ride electric bikes to work to protect the environment. 越来越多的人选择骑电动车上班,以保护环境。 练一练: ( )My father bought an ______ car last month. It’s very environmentally friendly. A. electric B. electronic C. electricity D. elect 答案:A 解析:空格处需填形容词,修饰名词car,指“电动的汽车”;A.电动的,B.电子的,C.名词“电力”,D.动词“选举”;结合句意,故选A。 24. planner /ˈplænə(r)/ n. 设计者,规划者 易错辨析: 易错点1:构词法,由动词plan(计划,规划)加后缀-er构成,意为“做某事的人”,避免写成“planner”(拼写正确,但注意后缀); 易错点2:拼写,注意结尾是“-ner”,避免写成“plannor”; 易错点3:复数形式,planner的复数是planners,直接加s。 例句: The city planners are designing a new park for the citizens. 城市规划者正在为市民设计一个新公园。 练一练: ( )The ______ of this building spent three months designing its structure. A. plan B. planner C. planners D. planning 答案:C 解析:空格处需填名词,指“设计者”,结合谓语动词spent(原形spend),可知主语是复数;A是动词/名词“计划”,B是单数“设计者”,C是复数“设计者们”,D是现在分词/名词“规划”;故选C。 25. since /sɪns/ prep. & conj. 自…以来 易错辨析: 易错点1:用法,作介词时,后接时间点(如since 2020 自2020年以来);作连词时,引导时间状语从句,从句用一般过去时,主句用现在完成时; 易错点2:含义,除了“自…以来”,还可表示“因为”,但初中阶段重点掌握时间用法; 易错点3:避免错误时态搭配,如错误表达“Since he came here, he is working hard”,正确应为“Since he came here, he has worked hard”。 例句: I have lived in this city since I was a child. 自我小时候起,我就住在这座城市。(连词) He has been away since last Monday.他自上周一就离开了。(介词) 练一练: ( )—How long have you known him? —I have known him ______ he moved to our school. A. when B. since C. before D. after 答案:B 解析:主句用现在完成时(have known),从句用一般过去时(moved),符合since的用法(since引导时间状语从句,从句一般过去时,主句现在完成时);A.当……时,C.在……之前,D.在……之后,均不符合时态搭配,故选B。 26. development /dɪˈveləpmənt/ n. 发展,成长 易错辨析: 易错点1:拼写,由动词develop(发展)加后缀-ment构成,避免写成“developement”(多写一个e); 易错点2:词性,是不可数名词,没有复数形式,避免写成“developments”(特殊语境下可指“具体的发展成果”,为可数名词,初中阶段暂不重点掌握); 易错点3:常见搭配,the development of(……的发展),如the development of science and technology(科技的发展)。 例句: The development of the Internet has made our life more convenient. 互联网的发展使我们的生活更加方便。 练一练: ( )We are proud of the rapid ______ of our country in recent years. A. develop B. development C. developing D. developed 答案:B 解析:空格处需填名词,作介词of的宾语;A是动词“发展”,C是现在分词/形容词“发展中的”,D是过去式/形容词“发达的”,均不符合;B是名词“发展”,符合句意,故选B。 27. pioneering /ˌpaɪəˈnɪərɪŋ/ adj. 开拓性的 易错辨析: 易错点1:构词法,由名词pioneer(先锋)加后缀-ing构成形容词,避免写成“pioneerning”(多写一个e); 易错点2:发音,重音在第二音节(/ˌpaɪəˈnɪərɪŋ/); 易错点3:用法,修饰名词,如pioneering work(开拓性工作),pioneering spirit(开拓精神),常与work、spirit、efforts等词搭配。 例句: His pioneering efforts in medical research have helped many patients. 他在医学研究中的开拓性努力帮助了许多病人。 练一练: ( )She made ______ contributions to the development of the new technology. A. pioneer B. pioneers C. pioneering D. pioneered 答案:C 解析:空格处需填形容词,修饰名词contributions;A是名词/动词“先锋/开拓”,B是名词复数,D是过去式/过去分词,均不符合;C是形容词“开拓性的”,符合句意,故选C。 28. creativity /ˌkriːeɪˈtɪvəti/ n. 创造力 易错辨析: 易错点1:拼写,由形容词creative(有创造力的)加后缀-ity构成,避免写成“creativety”; 易错点2:词性,是不可数名词,没有复数形式,避免写成“creativities”; 易错点3:搭配,develop creativity(培养创造力),show creativity(展现创造力),如We should develop students’ creativity.(我们应该培养学生的创造力。) 例句: Art classes can help children develop their creativity. 美术课可以帮助孩子们培养创造力。 练一练: ( )This activity is designed to encourage students’ ______. A. creative B. creativity C. create D. creation 答案:B 解析:空格处需填名词,作所有格students’的宾语;A是形容词“有创造力的”,C是动词“创造”,D是名词“创造物”,均不符合;B是名词“创造力”,符合句意,故选B。 29. certainly /ˈsɜːtnli/ adv. 无疑,肯定 易错辨析: 易错点1:拼写,由形容词certain(肯定的)加后缀-ly构成,避免写成“certainly”(拼写正确,但注意后缀); 易错点2:用法,可用于句首、句中或句末,表肯定、确定,语气比yes、of course更强; 易错点3:同义词区分,certainly vs. surely,两者均可表示“肯定”,但certainly更侧重“毫无疑问”,surely更侧重“想必,一定”。 例句: —Will you come to my birthday party? —Certainly! I will arrive on time. 练一练: ( )—Can you finish this work on time? —______! I have prepared everything well. A. Maybe B. Perhaps C. Certainly D. Possibly 答案:C 解析:根据答句“我已经做好了一切准备”,可知语气是肯定的;A.可能,B.也许,C.肯定,无疑,D.可能;结合句意,故选C。 30. key /kiː/ n. 关键;键,琴键;adj. 关键的 易错辨析: 易错点1:词性及含义,重点掌握“关键的(adj.)”和“关键(n.)”的用法,避免只记住“钥匙”的含义; 易错点2:搭配,作形容词时“key factor”(关键因素),“key point”(关键点);作名词时“the key to...”(……的关键),如the key to success(成功的关键); 易错点3:复数形式,作“钥匙、键”讲时,复数是keys;作“关键”讲时,通常为单数。 例句: Hard work is the key to success. 努力是成功的关键。)(名词) This is a key problem we need to solve. 这是我们需要解决的关键问题。)(形容词) 练一练: ( )Practice is the ______ to improving your English speaking skills. A. key B. way C. method D. plan 答案:A 解析:固定搭配“the key to...”(……的关键),结合句意“练习是提高英语口语能力的关键”;B.方法,C.方法,D.计划,均不与to搭配表示“关键”;故选A。 31. make a living 谋生 易错辨析: 易错点1:固定搭配,不能替换成“make living”“do a living”,正确搭配是“make a living”; 易错点2:用法,后面常接“by doing sth.”,表示“通过做某事谋生”,如“make a living by teaching”(通过教书谋生); 易错点3:区别于“make a life”,make a life意为“创造生活,过日子”,与make a living含义不同。 例句: His father makes a living by driving a taxi. 他的父亲通过开出租车谋生。 练一练: ( )Many people in this town ______ by fishing. A. make a living B. make living C. do a living D. make a life 答案:A 解析:固定搭配“make a living”(谋生),结合句意“这个镇上的许多人靠捕鱼谋生”;B、C搭配错误,D意为“创造生活”,不符合句意;故选A。 32. world-famous /ˌwɜːld ˈfeɪməs/ adj. 举世闻名的 易错辨析: 易错点1:拼写,由world(世界)和famous(著名的)组成,中间有连字符,避免写成“worldfamous”(无连字符,虽可,但初中阶段优先掌握带连字符的形式); 易错点2:用法,可作定语或表语,修饰名词,语气比famous更强,如world-famous scenic spots(举世闻名的景点); 易错点3:同义表达,相当于“famous all over the world”,但更简洁。 例句: The Great Wall is a world-famous landmark. 长城是举世闻名的地标。 练一练: ( )Beijing is a ______ city with a long history. A. world-famous B. world famous C. famous world D. world-fame 答案:A 解析:空格处需填形容词,修饰名词city,“举世闻名的”正确表达是world-famous(带连字符);B无连字符(不规范),C语序错误,D是名词短语“世界声誉”,均不符合;故选A。 33. transport /ˈtrænspɔːt/ n. 交通运输系统 易错辨析: 易错点1:发音,作名词时重音在第一音节(/ˈtrænspɔːt/),作动词时重音在第二音节(/trænˈspɔːt/),注意区分; 易错点2:词性,此处重点掌握名词用法(交通运输系统),不可数名词,没有复数形式; 易错点3:常见搭配,public transport(公共交通),transport system(交通运输系统),避免与traffic(交通,侧重交通流量)混淆。 例句: The transport in this city is very convenient, you can take buses or subways anywhere. 这座城市的交通运输很方便,你可以乘坐公交车或地铁去任何地方。 练一练: ( )The government is improving the ______ system to make people’s travel easier. A. transport B. traffic C. transportion D. traffic 答案:A 解析:空格处需填名词,指“交通运输系统”;A.交通运输系统(名词),B.交通(侧重流量),C.拼写错误(正确应为transportation),D.重复且不符合句意;结合句意,故选A。 重点短语和句型 学科网(北京)股份有限公1 / 1zxxk.com 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 1. 深圳的崛起 the rise of Shenzhen 2.一座创新之城 a city of innovation 3. 从一个渔村发展成为一座顶尖的高科技城市 from a fishing village to a top high- tech city 4. 中国的改革开放与发展 China's reform and opening up 5. 在城市的中心位置 at the very heart of the city 6. 科技行业 technology industries 7. 拥有众多科技巨头的总部 be home to many tech giants 8. 成为文化中心 become a cultural centre 9. 提供丰富的文化设施 offer a wealth of cultural facilities 10. 许多精彩的文化及教育活动 many excellent cultural and educational activities 11. 获得联合国教科文组织颁发的奖项 win an award from UNESCO 12. 鼓励公众进行阅读encourage reading among the public 13. 提高市民的生活质量 improve the quality of life for its citizens 14. 其所有的公交车和出租车都使用绿色能源use green energy for almost all its buses and taxis 15. 发展速度惊人地快 develop at an amazing speed 16. 成为中国发展的象征become a symbol of China's development 17. 这座城市的开拓精神 the city's pioneering spirit 18. 其公民的创造力 creativity of its citizens 19. 作为中国改革开放的先行者,深圳吸引了来自世界各地的人们。 A pioneer in China's reform and opening up, Shenzhen has attracted people from across the world. 20. 它已经崛起为世界上重要的科技产业中心,是许多科技巨头的所在地。 It has risen to become an important centre for technology industries in the world and is home to many tech giants. 21. 它提供了丰富的文化设施,如图书馆、博物馆、剧院和艺术空间,以及许多优秀的文化和教育活动。 It offers a wealth of cultural facilities, such as libraries, museums, theatres and art spaces, as well as many excellent cultural and educational activities. 22. 此外,该市还因在鼓励公众阅读方面的榜样作用而获得了联合国教科文组织的奖项。 Moreover, the city has won an award from UNESCO for being a role model in encouraging reading among the public. 23. 自20世纪70年代末以来,深圳以惊人的速度发展,成为中国发展的象征。 Since the late 1970s, Shenzhen has developed at an amazing speed and has become a symbol of China's development. 24. 这座城市的开拓精神,加上市民的辛勤工作和创造力,无疑是它成功的关键。 The city's pioneering spirit, together with the hard work and creativity of its citizens, is certainly the key to its success. 巩固训练: 1.Our city is developing rapidly, and many new ____________ (科技产业) have been built in recent years. 2.There is ____________ (一个文化中心) near our school. We often go there to enjoy art shows on weekends. 3.The government is trying its best to improve ____________ (市民的生活质量) and make people live happier. 4.Hard work and persistence are ____________ (关键) to achieving our dreams. 5.When we do DIY jobs, we need to use our ____________ (创造力) to make new and beautiful things. 答案: 1.technology industries 2.a cultural centre 3.the quality of life for its citizens 4.the key 5.creativity 详细解析: 1.答案:technology industries 解析:结合句意“我们的城市发展迅速,近年来新建了许多新的______”,括号内“科技产业”对应所给短语technology industries;many(许多)后接可数名词复数,短语本身为复数形式,无需变形,符合八年级下学期名词复数及短语应用考点。 2.答案:a cultural centre 解析:句意“我们学校附近有______,我们周末经常去那里欣赏艺术展”,括号内“一个文化中心”对应短语a cultural centre;空格前有不定冠词a,短语本身包含a,直接填写即可,贴合八年级“不定冠词+名词短语”的用法。 3.答案:the quality of life for its citizens 解析:句意“政府正尽力改善______,让人们生活得更幸福”,括号内“市民的生活质量”对应短语the quality of life for its citizens;improve(改善)后接名词短语作宾语,该短语为固定表达,其中citizens(市民)为复数,符合语境,考查八年级名词所有格及固定短语识记。 4.答案:the key 解析:句意“努力和坚持是实现我们梦想的______”,括号内“关键”对应短语the key;“the key to sth”是八年级重点固定搭配,意为“……的关键”,此处to后接动名词短语achieving our dreams,符合考点要求,短语无需变形。 5.答案:creativity 解析:句意“当我们做手工时,我们需要用我们的______来制作新颖漂亮的东西”,括号内“创造力”对应短语creativity;our(我们的)后接名词,creativity为不可数名词,无需变形,贴合八年级“形容词性物主代词+名词”的用法及词汇识记考点。 课文疏通及时练 根据所给的汉语意思,完成下面的句子。 1. 人工智能的兴起改变了我们的生活。 ______ ______ ______ AI has changed our lives. 2. 这家科技公司是创新的摇篮。 This tech company _____ ______ _____ ___________. 3. 他除了会弹钢琴外,还擅长画画。 He is good at painting ______ ______ ______ playing the piano. 4. Ben和他的朋友们一起参加了英语演讲比赛。 Ben, _________ _________ his friends, took part in the English speech contest. 5. 随着城市的发展,人们的生活发生了很大的转变。 With the development of the city, there has been a great ______ in people’s life. 6. 我也想加入学校的志愿者俱乐部。 I want to join the school volunteer club _____ ______. 7. 他的父亲靠修理汽车谋生。 His father ________ ______ ______ ____ repairing cars. 8. 许多学生积极参与环保活动。 Many students ______ ______ ______ protecting environment. 9. 我们排在队伍最后面,所以没有买到票。 We were at the _______ end of the queue, so we didn't get any tickets. 10. 我们老师有丰富的教学经验。 Our teacher has ____ ______ ____ teaching experience. 11. 学校倡导阅读的努力让更多学生爱上了书籍。 The school’s _______ to encourage reading has made more students love books. 12. 昨天放学后,他带领大家打扫教室。 He _______ everyone in cleaning the classroom after school yesterday. 13. 团队合作是他们这次项目成功的关键。 Teamwork ______ _____ _____ ________ _____ their project's success this time. 答案: 1. The rise of 2. is the cradle of innovation 3. as well as 4. along with 5. change 6. as well 7. makes a living by 8. take part in 9. back 10. a lot of 11. effort 12. led 13. is the key to 解析: 1.解析:the rise of…表示“……的兴起/崛起”,为固定搭配。 2.解析:the cradle of…表示“……的摇篮”; innovation意为“创新”。 3.解析:as well as意为“除……之外;也;和”,连接并列成分。 4.解析:along with表示“和……一起”,谓语动词单复数由前面主语 Ben 决定。 5.解析:change作名词,意为“变化;改变”; a great change表示“巨大的变化”。 6.解析:as well意为“也”,常用于句末,相当于 too。 7.解析:make a living by doing sth.表示“通过做某事谋生”,主语是第三人称单数,动词用 makes。 8.解析:take part in 表示“参加(活动)”,后接名词或动名词。 9.解析:back end表示“后端;末尾”,at the back end of the queue意为“在队伍的最后面”。 10.解析:a lot of 表示“许多;大量”,可修饰不可数名词 experience(经验)。 11.解析:effort作名词,意为“努力”,the effort to do sth.表示“做某事的努力”。 12.解析:lead sb. in doing sth. 表示“带领某人做某事”,yesterday 为过去时,lead变过去式 led。 13.解析:the key to…表示“……的关键”,为固定搭配。 $ 中考回归考教材☆·疏通教材是前提 8B Unit 1 Past and present教材疏通 课时2 Reading (知识梳理) 【教材疏通】中考回归考教材·疏通教材是前提 学科网(北京)股份有限公1 / 1zxxk.com 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 重点词汇辨析及用法训练 1. crowded /ˈkraʊdɪd/ adj. 拥挤的 易错辨析: crowded(adj. 拥挤的) vs. crowd(n. 人群;v. 挤满)。 易错点:混淆词性,如错误表达“a crowd room”,正确应为“a crowded room”(一间拥挤的房间);crowd作动词时,常用搭配“be crowded with”(挤满……)。 例句: The street is always crowded with people during the Spring Festival. 春节期间,这条街总是挤满了人。 练一练: ( )The supermarket is ______ on weekends. Many people go shopping there. A. crowd B. crowded C. crowding D. crowds 2.convenient /kənˈviːniənt/ adj. 方便的 易错辨析: 易错点1:拼写错误,注意中间“veni”的拼写,避免写成“convinient”; 易错点2:用法搭配,“对某人来说方便”用“be convenient for sb.”,而非“be convenient to sb.”; 易错点3:反义词为inconvenient(不方便的),注意前缀in-的正确添加。 例句: It is convenient for me to take the subway to school every day. 每天坐地铁去上学对我来说很方便。 练一练: ( )—Is it ______ for you to meet me at 3 o’clock this afternoon? —Yes, I have no other plans. A. convenient B. difficult C. important D. necessary 3. innovation /ˌɪnəˈveɪʃn/ n. 创新 易错辨析: 易错点1:发音及拼写,注意重音在第二音节(/ˌɪnəˈveɪʃn/),避免拼写时漏写中间的“n”; 易错点2:词性辨析,innovation是名词,对应的动词是innovate(创新,发明),形容词是innovative(创新的),避免混淆词性使用。 例句: Technological innovation has changed our way of life greatly. 技术创新极大地改变了我们的生活方式。 练一练: ( )We need more ______ to solve this difficult problem. New ideas are important. A. innovation B. innovate C. innovative D. innovator 4. southern /ˈsʌðən/ adj. 南部的,南方的 易错辨析: 易错点1:拼写错误,注意结尾是“-ern”,避免写成“souther”; 易错点2:用法区别,southern(形容词,修饰名词) vs. south(名词/副词,如in the south“在南方”,go south“去南方”); 易错点3:首字母大写情况,当修饰专有名词(如Southern China 华南)时,首字母需大写。 例句: The southern part of our country is very warm in winter. 我国的南方地区冬天很暖和。 练一练: ( )People in the ______ area of China usually eat rice as their main food. A. south B. southern C. southward D. southwards 5. high-tech /haɪ 'tek/ adj. 高技术的,高科技的(尤指电子方面) 易错辨析: 易错点1:拼写,high-tech可写作high-tech(带连字符)或hightech(无连字符),两种形式均正确,但初中阶段优先掌握带连字符的形式; 易错点2:用法,只能作形容词,修饰名词,不能单独作谓语,如错误表达“ This product is high-tech very much”,正确应为“This is a very high-tech product”。 例句: This company produces many high-tech products, such as smart phones and robots. 这家公司生产许多高科技产品,比如智能手机和机器人。 练一练: ( )With the development of science, more and more ______ tools are used in our daily life. A. high-tech B. high technology C. tech D. technology 6. pioneer /ˌpaɪəˈnɪə(r)/ n. 先锋,先驱 易错辨析: 易错点1:发音及拼写,重音在第二音节(/ˌpaɪəˈnɪə(r)/),避免拼写时漏写“e”; 易错点2:词性辨析,pioneer可作名词(先锋)或动词(开拓,开创),作动词时常用搭配“pioneer sth.”(开拓某物); 易错点3:复数形式为pioneers,直接加s。 例句: Yuan Longping is a great pioneer in the field of hybrid rice. 袁隆平是杂交水稻领域的伟大先驱。 练一练: ( )He is one of the ______ of modern science. His contributions are great. A. pioneer B. pioneers C. pioneering D. pioneer’s 7. reform /rɪˈfɔːm/ n. 改革 易错辨析: 易错点1:发音,作名词时重音在第一音节(/ˈrɪfɔːm/),作动词时重音在第二音节(/rɪˈfɔːm/),注意区分; 易错点2:词性辨析,可作名词(改革)或动词(改革,改进),作动词时常用搭配“reform sth.”(改革某物); 易错点3:拼写,避免写成“reforme”。 例句: The reform of education has helped more students get a good education. 教育改革帮助更多学生获得了良好的教育。 练一练: ( )The government carried out a series of ______ to improve people’s living standards. A. reform B. reforms C. reforming D. reformed 8. very /ˈveri/ adj. 最…的,十足的 易错辨析: 易错点1:词性及用法,此处重点掌握形容词用法(最……的,十足的),常修饰名词,且多与the连用,如“the very man”(正是那个人); 易错点2:区分形容词与副词用法,very作副词时意为“非常”,修饰形容词/副词,如“very good”(非常好),此处注意题干中给出的形容词词性; 易错点3:避免过度使用,如错误表达“very very beautiful”,可改为“very beautiful”或“extremely beautiful”。 例句: This is the very book I have been looking for. 这正是我一直在找的那本书。 练一练: ( )—Is this the book you want? —Yes! This is ______ book I need. A. a B. an C. the very D. very the 9. at the very heart of 在…的核心 易错辨析: 易错点1:固定搭配,不能遗漏the或very,如错误表达“at heart of”“at the heart of”,正确搭配是“at the very heart of”; 易错点2:含义理解,very此处起强调作用,意为“正是,恰好”,整个短语表示“在……的正核心、最核心”; 易错点3:用法,后面常接名词或名词短语,作地点状语或表语。 例句: Education is at the very heart of a country’s development. 教育是一个国家发展的核心。 练一练: ( )Innovation is ______ the development of high-tech industry. A. at the very heart of B. in the heart of C. at heart D. by heart 10. technology /tekˈnɒlədʒi/ n. (= tech) 技术 易错辨析: 易错点1:拼写,注意结尾是“-logy”,避免写成“technolagy”; 易错点2:单复数,technology作“技术(总称)”时是不可数名词,作“具体的一项技术”时是可数名词,复数形式为technologies; 易错点3:缩写,tech是其口语化缩写,正式书面语中优先使用technology。 例句: We should learn new technology to improve our work efficiency. 我们应该学习新技术来提高工作效率。 练一练: ( )With the development of ______, people’s life becomes more and more convenient. A. technology B. tech C. technologies D. technological 11. industry /ˈɪndəstri/ n. 行业;工业 易错辨析: 易错点1:拼写,注意中间是“-dust-”,避免写成“indistry”; 易错点2:含义区分,作“工业”讲时,是不可数名词(如heavy industry 重工业);作“行业”讲时,是可数名词,复数形式为industries; 易错点3:常见搭配,如film industry(电影行业),automobile industry(汽车工业)。 例句: The computer industry is developing very fast in recent years. 近年来,计算机行业发展非常迅速。 练一练: ( )She works in the fashion ______ and designs many beautiful clothes. A. industry B. industries C. industrial D. industrious 12. giant /ˈdʒaɪənt/ n. 大公司;巨人,庞然大物 易错辨析: 易错点1:词性辨析,可作名词(大公司、巨人)或形容词(巨大的),此处重点掌握名词用法; 易错点2:含义区分,作“大公司”讲时,常指行业内的龙头企业,如“tech giant”(科技巨头);作“巨人”讲时,可指身材高大的人,也可指某领域的杰出人物; 易错点3:复数形式为giants,直接加s。 例句: Apple is one of the world’s leading tech giants. 苹果公司是世界领先的科技巨头之一。 练一练: ( )Many small companies are competing with the industry ______ for market share. A. giant B. giants C. giant’s D. gigantic 13. lead /liːd/ vt. & vi. 引领;领导;n. 领先地位;负责人;主演 易错辨析: 易错点1:发音,作动词时读/liːd/,作名词时读/led/,注意区分; 易错点2:动词过去式/过去分词,lead的过去式和过去分词均为led(/led/),避免写成“lead”; 易错点3:常见搭配,作动词时“lead sb. to do sth.”(带领某人做某事),作名词时“take the lead”(领先)。 例句: He led us to the classroom and introduced the new teacher to us. 他带领我们到教室,并向我们介绍了新老师。(动词) She is in the lead in the singing competition.她在歌唱比赛中处于领先地位。(名词) 练一练: ( )Our teacher ______ us to plant trees in the park last weekend. A. lead B. leads C. led D. leading 14. move /muːv/ v. 改变,转变,动摇 易错辨析: 易错点1:含义区分,此处重点掌握“改变,转变”的含义,避免只记住“移动”的含义; 易错点2:常见搭配,“move from...to...”(从……转变到……),“move forward”(向前发展,转变); 易错点3:词性拓展,名词形式是movement(运动,转变),避免混淆使用。 例句: The company decided to move from traditional industry to high-tech industry. 这家公司决定从传统行业转变到高科技行业。 练一练: ( )Our society is ______ towards a more environmentally friendly future. A. move B. moves C. moving D. moved 15. wealth /welθ/ n. 大量,丰富;财富 易错辨析: 易错点1:词性,wealth是不可数名词,没有复数形式,避免写成“wealths”; 易错点2:形容词形式是wealthy(富有的),避免混淆词性,如错误表达“a wealth man”,正确应为“a wealthy man”; 易错点3:搭配,“a wealth of”(大量的),后接可数名词复数或不可数名词。 例句: He has a wealth of experience in teaching English.他有丰富的英语教学经验。(大量) He worked hard to create wealth for his family.他努力工作为家人创造财富。(财富) 练一练: ( )There is ______ information about this topic on the Internet. You can search for it. A. a wealth of B. many C. a lot D. much of 16. a wealth of 大量的,丰富的 易错辨析: 易错点1:固定搭配,不能遗漏a,如错误表达“wealth of”,正确搭配是“a wealth of”; 易错点2:修饰对象,可修饰可数名词复数(如a wealth of books 大量的书)或不可数名词(如a wealth of knowledge 丰富的知识); 易错点3:区别于“plenty of”,两者均表示“大量的”,但“a wealth of”更具书面语色彩,初中阶段重点掌握其搭配和用法。 例句: The old man has a wealth of stories about his childhood. 这位老人有很多关于他童年的故事。 练一练: ( )She has ______ friends and always feels happy. A. a wealth of B. a wealth C. wealth of D. many wealth 17. excellent /ˈeksələnt/ adj. 优秀的,杰出的,极好的 易错辨析: 易错点1:拼写,注意开头是“ex-”,中间是“cell”,避免写成“exelent”; 易错点2:用法,是形容词,可作定语或表语,语气比good、great更强,常用于赞美; 易错点3:搭配,“be excellent at”(擅长……),相当于“be good at”,但语气更强烈。 例句: She is an excellent student and always gets good grades. 她是一名优秀的学生,总是取得好成绩。 练一练: ( )—How was your performance in the speech contest? —It was ______. The judges praised me a lot. A. good B. great C. excellent D. nice 18. educational /ˌedʒuˈkeɪʃənl/ adj. 教育的,有关教育的 易错辨析: 易错点1:拼写,注意是在education(名词,教育)后加al构成形容词,避免写成“educationnal”(多写一个n); 易错点2:发音,重音在第三音节(/ˌedʒuˈkeɪʃənl/); 易错点3:用法,修饰名词,如educational programs(教育节目),educational resources(教育资源)。 例句: This TV program is very educational and helps us learn a lot of knowledge. 这个电视节目很有教育意义,帮助我们学到很多知识。 练一练: ( )We should watch more ______ videos to improve our abilities. A. education B. educational C. educate D. educator 19. award /əˈwɔːd/ n. 奖,奖项 易错辨析: 易错点1:发音及拼写,重音在第二音节(/əˈwɔːd/),避免写成“award”(拼写正确,但注意发音); 易错点2:词性辨析,可作名词(奖)或动词(授予,颁发),此处重点掌握名词用法; 易错点3:区别于prize,award常指官方或正式颁发的奖项,prize常指比赛、竞赛获得的奖品。 例句: He won the first award in the painting competition. 他在绘画比赛中获得了一等奖。 练一练: ( )She got an ______ for her excellent performance in the English competition. A. award B. prize C. gift D. present 20. public /ˈpʌblɪk/ adj. 公共的;公众的 易错辨析: 易错点1:拼写,注意结尾是“-lic”,避免写成“publick”; 易错点2:常见搭配,public places(公共场所),public transport(公共交通),in public(公开地); 易错点3:词性,可作形容词或名词(公众),作名词时常用“the public”(公众,谓语动词可用单数或复数)。 例句: We should keep public places clean and tidy. 我们应该保持公共场所干净整洁。 练一练: ( )Smoking is not allowed in ______ places in our city. A. private B. public C. personal D. own 21. citizen /ˈsɪtɪzn/ n. 居民,市民;公民 易错辨析: 易错点1:拼写,注意结尾是“-zen”,避免写成“citizen”(拼写正确,但注意发音); 易错点2:复数形式,citizen的复数是citizens,直接加s; 易错点3:含义区分,“市民”侧重指城市里的居民,“公民”侧重指具有某国国籍的人,初中阶段可通用。 例句: Every citizen has the responsibility to protect the environment. 每个公民都有保护环境的责任。 练一练: ( )All the ______ in this city are working hard to make it more beautiful. A. citizen B. citizens C. citizen’s D. citizens’ 22. greenway /ˈɡriːnweɪ/ n. 林荫道 易错辨析: 易错点1:拼写,由green(绿色的)和way(道路)组成,中间无连字符,避免写成“green-way”; 易错点2:复数形式,greenway的复数是greenways,直接加s; 易错点3:含义,侧重指“种植了树木、植被的林荫道”,区别于普通的road(道路)、street(街道)。 例句: We often take a walk along the greenway after dinner. 我们经常在晚饭后沿着林荫道散步。 练一练: ( )There are many tall trees on both sides of the ______, so it’s very cool in summer. A. road B. street C. greenway D. avenue 23. electric /ɪˈlektrɪk/ adj. 电动的 易错辨析: 易错点1:拼写,注意开头是“elec-”,避免写成“electic”; 易错点2:区别于electronic(电子的),electric侧重“电动的,依靠电力工作的”(如electric car 电动车),electronic侧重“电子的,与电子设备相关的”(如electronic products 电子产品); 易错点3:常见搭配,electric bike(电动车),electric fan(电风扇)。 例句: More and more people choose to ride electric bikes to work to protect the environment. 越来越多的人选择骑电动车上班,以保护环境。 练一练: ( )My father bought an ______ car last month. It’s very environmentally friendly. A. electric B. electronic C. electricity D. elect 24. planner /ˈplænə(r)/ n. 设计者,规划者 易错辨析: 易错点1:构词法,由动词plan(计划,规划)加后缀-er构成,意为“做某事的人”,避免写成“planner”(拼写正确,但注意后缀); 易错点2:拼写,注意结尾是“-ner”,避免写成“plannor”; 易错点3:复数形式,planner的复数是planners,直接加s。 例句: The city planners are designing a new park for the citizens. 城市规划者正在为市民设计一个新公园。 练一练: ( )The ______ of this building spent three months designing its structure. A. plan B. planner C. planners D. planning 25. since /sɪns/ prep. & conj. 自…以来 易错辨析: 易错点1:用法,作介词时,后接时间点(如since 2020 自2020年以来);作连词时,引导时间状语从句,从句用一般过去时,主句用现在完成时; 易错点2:含义,除了“自…以来”,还可表示“因为”,但初中阶段重点掌握时间用法; 易错点3:避免错误时态搭配,如错误表达“Since he came here, he is working hard”,正确应为“Since he came here, he has worked hard”。 例句: I have lived in this city since I was a child. 自我小时候起,我就住在这座城市。(连词) He has been away since last Monday.他自上周一就离开了。(介词) 练一练: ( )—How long have you known him? —I have known him ______ he moved to our school. A. when B. since C. before D. after 26. development /dɪˈveləpmənt/ n. 发展,成长 易错辨析: 易错点1:拼写,由动词develop(发展)加后缀-ment构成,避免写成“developement”(多写一个e); 易错点2:词性,是不可数名词,没有复数形式,避免写成“developments”(特殊语境下可指“具体的发展成果”,为可数名词,初中阶段暂不重点掌握); 易错点3:常见搭配,the development of(……的发展),如the development of science and technology(科技的发展)。 例句: The development of the Internet has made our life more convenient. 互联网的发展使我们的生活更加方便。 练一练: ( )We are proud of the rapid ______ of our country in recent years. A. develop B. development C. developing D. developed 27. pioneering /ˌpaɪəˈnɪərɪŋ/ adj. 开拓性的 易错辨析: 易错点1:构词法,由名词pioneer(先锋)加后缀-ing构成形容词,避免写成“pioneerning”(多写一个e); 易错点2:发音,重音在第二音节(/ˌpaɪəˈnɪərɪŋ/); 易错点3:用法,修饰名词,如pioneering work(开拓性工作),pioneering spirit(开拓精神),常与work、spirit、efforts等词搭配。 例句: His pioneering efforts in medical research have helped many patients. 他在医学研究中的开拓性努力帮助了许多病人。 练一练: ( )She made ______ contributions to the development of the new technology. A. pioneer B. pioneers C. pioneering D. pioneered 28. creativity /ˌkriːeɪˈtɪvəti/ n. 创造力 易错辨析: 易错点1:拼写,由形容词creative(有创造力的)加后缀-ity构成,避免写成“creativety”; 易错点2:词性,是不可数名词,没有复数形式,避免写成“creativities”; 易错点3:搭配,develop creativity(培养创造力),show creativity(展现创造力),如We should develop students’ creativity.(我们应该培养学生的创造力。) 例句: Art classes can help children develop their creativity. 美术课可以帮助孩子们培养创造力。 练一练: ( )This activity is designed to encourage students’ ______. A. creative B. creativity C. create D. creation 29. certainly /ˈsɜːtnli/ adv. 无疑,肯定 易错辨析: 易错点1:拼写,由形容词certain(肯定的)加后缀-ly构成,避免写成“certainly”(拼写正确,但注意后缀); 易错点2:用法,可用于句首、句中或句末,表肯定、确定,语气比yes、of course更强; 易错点3:同义词区分,certainly vs. surely,两者均可表示“肯定”,但certainly更侧重“毫无疑问”,surely更侧重“想必,一定”。 例句: —Will you come to my birthday party? —Certainly! I will arrive on time. 练一练: ( )—Can you finish this work on time? —______! I have prepared everything well. A. Maybe B. Perhaps C. Certainly D. Possibly 30. key /kiː/ n. 关键;键,琴键;adj. 关键的 易错辨析: 易错点1:词性及含义,重点掌握“关键的(adj.)”和“关键(n.)”的用法,避免只记住“钥匙”的含义; 易错点2:搭配,作形容词时“key factor”(关键因素),“key point”(关键点);作名词时“the key to...”(……的关键),如the key to success(成功的关键); 易错点3:复数形式,作“钥匙、键”讲时,复数是keys;作“关键”讲时,通常为单数。 例句: Hard work is the key to success. 努力是成功的关键。)(名词) This is a key problem we need to solve. 这是我们需要解决的关键问题。)(形容词) 练一练: ( )Practice is the ______ to improving your English speaking skills. A. key B. way C. method D. plan 31. make a living 谋生 易错辨析: 易错点1:固定搭配,不能替换成“make living”“do a living”,正确搭配是“make a living”; 易错点2:用法,后面常接“by doing sth.”,表示“通过做某事谋生”,如“make a living by teaching”(通过教书谋生); 易错点3:区别于“make a life”,make a life意为“创造生活,过日子”,与make a living含义不同。 例句: His father makes a living by driving a taxi. 他的父亲通过开出租车谋生。 练一练: ( )Many people in this town ______ by fishing. A. make a living B. make living C. do a living D. make a life 32. world-famous /ˌwɜːld ˈfeɪməs/ adj. 举世闻名的 易错辨析: 易错点1:拼写,由world(世界)和famous(著名的)组成,中间有连字符,避免写成“worldfamous”(无连字符,虽可,但初中阶段优先掌握带连字符的形式); 易错点2:用法,可作定语或表语,修饰名词,语气比famous更强,如world-famous scenic spots(举世闻名的景点); 易错点3:同义表达,相当于“famous all over the world”,但更简洁。 例句: The Great Wall is a world-famous landmark. 长城是举世闻名的地标。 练一练: ( )Beijing is a ______ city with a long history. A. world-famous B. world famous C. famous world D. world-fame 33. transport /ˈtrænspɔːt/ n. 交通运输系统 易错辨析: 易错点1:发音,作名词时重音在第一音节(/ˈtrænspɔːt/),作动词时重音在第二音节(/trænˈspɔːt/),注意区分; 易错点2:词性,此处重点掌握名词用法(交通运输系统),不可数名词,没有复数形式; 易错点3:常见搭配,public transport(公共交通),transport system(交通运输系统),避免与traffic(交通,侧重交通流量)混淆。 例句: The transport in this city is very convenient, you can take buses or subways anywhere. 这座城市的交通运输很方便,你可以乘坐公交车或地铁去任何地方。 练一练: ( )The government is improving the ______ system to make people’s travel easier. A. transport B. traffic C. transportion D. traffic 重点短语和句型 学科网(北京)股份有限公1 / 1zxxk.com 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 1. 深圳的崛起 the rise of Shenzhen 2.一座创新之城 a city of innovation 3. 从一个渔村发展成为一座顶尖的高科技城市 from a fishing village to a top high- tech city 4. 中国的改革开放与发展 China's reform and opening up 5. 在城市的中心位置 at the very heart of the city 6. 科技行业 technology industries 7. 拥有众多科技巨头的总部 be home to many tech giants 8. 成为文化中心 become a cultural centre 9. 提供丰富的文化设施 offer a wealth of cultural facilities 10. 许多精彩的文化及教育活动 many excellent cultural and educational activities 11. 获得联合国教科文组织颁发的奖项 win an award from UNESCO 12. 鼓励公众进行阅读encourage reading among the public 13. 提高市民的生活质量 improve the quality of life for its citizens 14. 其所有的公交车和出租车都使用绿色能源use green energy for almost all its buses and taxis 15. 发展速度惊人地快 develop at an amazing speed 16. 成为中国发展的象征become a symbol of China's development 17. 这座城市的开拓精神 the city's pioneering spirit 18. 其公民的创造力 creativity of its citizens 19. 作为中国改革开放的先行者,深圳吸引了来自世界各地的人们。 20. 它已经崛起为世界上重要的科技产业中心,是许多科技巨头的所在地。 21. 它提供了丰富的文化设施,如图书馆、博物馆、剧院和艺术空间,以及许多优秀的文化和教育活动。 22. 此外,该市还因在鼓励公众阅读方面的榜样作用而获得了联合国教科文组织的奖项。 23. 自20世纪70年代末以来,深圳以惊人的速度发展,成为中国发展的象征。 24. 这座城市的开拓精神,加上市民的辛勤工作和创造力,无疑是它成功的关键。 巩固训练: 1.Our city is developing rapidly, and many new ____________ (科技产业) have been built in recent years. 2.There is ____________ (一个文化中心) near our school. We often go there to enjoy art shows on weekends. 3.The government is trying its best to improve ____________ (市民的生活质量) and make people live happier. 4.Hard work and persistence are ____________ (关键) to achieving our dreams. 5.When we do DIY jobs, we need to use our ____________ (创造力) to make new and beautiful things. 课文疏通及时练 根据所给的汉语意思,完成下面的句子。 1. 人工智能的兴起改变了我们的生活。 ______ ______ ______ AI has changed our lives. 2. 这家科技公司是创新的摇篮。 This tech company _____ ______ _____ ___________. 3. 他除了会弹钢琴外,还擅长画画。 He is good at painting ______ ______ ______ playing the piano. 4. Ben和他的朋友们一起参加了英语演讲比赛。 Ben, _________ _________ his friends, took part in the English speech contest. 5. 随着城市的发展,人们的生活发生了很大的转变。 With the development of the city, there has been a great ______ in people’s life. 6. 我也想加入学校的志愿者俱乐部。 I want to join the school volunteer club _____ ______. 7. 他的父亲靠修理汽车谋生。 His father ________ ______ ______ ____ repairing cars. 8. 许多学生积极参与环保活动。 Many students ______ ______ ______ protecting environment. 9. 我们排在队伍最后面,所以没有买到票。 We were at the _______ end of the queue, so we didn't get any tickets. 10. 我们老师有丰富的教学经验。 Our teacher has ____ ______ ____ teaching experience. 11. 学校倡导阅读的努力让更多学生爱上了书籍。 The school’s _______ to encourage reading has made more students love books. 12. 昨天放学后,他带领大家打扫教室。 He _______ everyone in cleaning the classroom after school yesterday. 13. 团队合作是他们这次项目成功的关键。 Teamwork ______ _____ _____ ________ _____ their project's success this time. $

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【教材疏通】Unit 1 课时2 Reading(知识梳理)-2025-2026学年译林版英语八年级下册
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