精品解析：北京市海淀区首都师范大学附属中学2025-2026学年第二学期开学练习高三英语试卷

首都师大附中2025-2026学年第二学期开学练习 高三英语 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 On Oct. 11, hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race in Minnesota. Melanie Bailey should have ____1____ the course earlier than she did. Her ____2____ came because she was carrying a competitor across the finish line. As reported by a local newspaper, Bailey was more than two-thirds of the way through her race when a runner in front of her began crying in pain. She stopped to help her fellow runner, Danielle Lenoue. Bailey took her arm to see if she could walk forward with ____3____. She couldn’t. Bailey then ____4____ to let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get ____5____ attention. Once there, Lenoue was ____6____ and later taken to a hospital, where she learned that she had serious injuries in one of her knees. She would have struggled with extreme ____7____ to make it to that aid checkpoint without Bailey’s help. As for Bailey, she is more confused about why her act is considered a big ____8____. “She was just crying. I couldn’t leave her,” Bailey told the reporter. “I feel like I was just doing the right thing.” Although the two young women were strangers before the ____9____, they’ve since become friends. Neither won the race, but the ____10____ of human kindness won the day. 1. A. designed B. followed C. changed D. finished 2. A. delay B. chance C. trouble D. excuse 3 A. courage B. aid C. patience D. advice 4. A. went away B. stood up C. stepped aside D. bent down 5. A. medical B. public C. constant D. equal 6. A. interrupted B. assessed C. identified D. appreciated 7. A. hunger B. pain C. cold D. tiredness 8. A. game B. problem C. lesson D. deal 9. A. ride B. test C. meet D. show 10. A. secret B. display C. benefit D. exchange 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Recently, President Xi Jinping ____11____ (call) for solid steps to promote high-quality development in the new year, deepen reform and opening-up across the board, and deliver prosperity for all. Xi made the remarks when delivering his 2026 New Year message in Beijing ____12____ China Media Group and the Internet. Showing confidence in China’s growth next year, which marks the beginning of the 15th Five-Year Plan(2026-30) period, Xi expressed the nation’s commitment to ____13____ (work) with all countries to advance global peace and development. B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Strengthening the rule of law in science and technology ____14____ (be) a strategic task in advancing China’s path to modernization. ____15____ (keep) pace with AI’s rapid advancement, experts have advocated for the technology’s parallel development and governance over the past few years. Zhu Wei, an associate professor at China University of Political Science and Law, highlighted the ____16____ (necessary) of using legal tools to regulate fast-developing AI. He praised government rules to manage AI use and the ____17____ (revise) Cybersecurity Law for including AI content. C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 The exhibition Red Memory Engraved in Thangka, ___18___ documents the history of Luhuo County in Sichuan Province, drew wide attention. It ___19___ (divide) into five thematic sections, and ___20___ makes it stand out is its perfect combination of traditional thangka art and red cultural heritage, featuring works showcasing the Red Army’s stay in Luhuo, earthquake relief efforts, modern Tibetan life, and pieces inspired by local folk songs. 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A The Beauty of Math In maths, the sequence is defined as an ordered list of numbers that follow a specific pattern. The numbers presented in the sequence are called the terms. The Fibonacci sequence (斐波那契数列) is one of its type where each number is the sum of the two that precede it. It starts from 1 and 1, given by 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, and so on. Its general formula is: Humans have probably known about this numerical sequence for millennia: it can be first found in medieval Indian mathematics. In the 13th century, the Italian mathematician Leonardo of Pisa, also known as Fibonacci, introduced the Arabic Numerals which replaced Roman Numerals, and carried out a thought experiment: he wanted to figure out the growth of an idealized (biologically unrealistic) rabbit population, assuming that a single newly born pair of rabbits (one male, one female) are put in a field, and that each pair produces one new pair (one male, one female) every month from the second month onwards. The result of this experiment is shown in Picture 1 Is there a magic equation to the universe? Probably not, but there are some pretty common ones that we find over and over in the natural world. The Fibonacci numbers must be a typical example. When we take any two successive (one after the other) Fibonacci numbers, their ratio is very close to the Golden Ratio, which is approximately 0.618, as shown in Table 1. In fact, the bigger the pair of Fibonacci numbers, the closer the approximation. Let us try a few: When we make squares with those widths and make a quarter turn in each of the square, we get a nice spiral (as shown in Picture 2), which we call Fibonacci spiral. Look at the array of seeds in the center of a sunflower and you’ll notice what looks like spiral patterns curving left and right. Amazingly, if you count these spirals, your total will be a series of Fibonacci numbers. You can decipher spiral patterns in pine-cones, pineapples and cauliflower that also reflect the Fibonacci sequence in this manner. Such a spiral can actually be found in more places in nature, from the curve of a nautilus shell to the twist of a typhoon or hurricane. What a coincidence! Table1 The Fibonacci sequence and the Golden Ratio are not just mathematical curiosities — they offer a fascinating connection between figures and reality. Sometimes a coincidence is just a coincidence, but coincidence is really beautiful! 21. If {an} represents the Fibonacci sequence, which of the following equations will be WRONG? A. B. C. D. 22. What can we learn about the Fibonacci sequence? A. It originated from ancient India. B. More examples are needed to prove it. C. No flower’s petal number breaks the sequence D. Fibonacci found it via an experiment on rabbits. 23. Which statement is the author probably in favor of? A. There is absolutely no magic equation to the universe. B. The natural world is dominated by mathematical patterns. C. Mathematics is one of the windows into the beauty of nature. D. A chain of evidence can prove the laws in this objective world. B “No,” Mama Lil said it plain and simple. “I haven't never heard of no girls to be doing that. Bebe, you need to be getting yourself a real summer job, something civilized.” I’d been living with Mama Lil since I was six, when my own mama and daddy were killed in an apartment building fire. Lillian Johns was my mom’s mother. Everybody on our street called her Mama Lil and that was what I called her too. I had been butting heads with her ever since I could remember. And the older I got, the more at odds we were and the more conflicts we experienced. For weeks I’d been asking Mama Lil to let me join the youth renovation team. It was a group of kids who had been chosen by city officials to work with engineers to help repair the Brooklyn Bridge. The project would last the summer and pay good money. It would help me get to college, where I wanted to study engineering. But for Mama Lil the thing that made her the most stubborn this time, was exactly my dream of becoming an engineer. In some respects, Mama Lil was right. It was true that there weren’t many black women engineers. But I wanted to build bridges more than anything. “Let me go, Mama Lil,” I begged softly. Mama Lil sat as still as a statue. “Mama Lil,” I said carefully, “if you don’t sign the bridge project permission form, I will sign it myself. Nobody will know the difference.” The next morning, Mama Lil’s eyes looked red-tired. “I’m going to the bridge,” I said firmly. “I know, Bebe,” she said. From her housedress pocket, she took out a pen and signed the form. “Bebe, that bridge is lucky to have you,” she said. I hugged Mama Lil good and hard smiling big, right at her. … Ahead, in the distance, stood the Brooklyn Bridge. This was the best spot to see the bridge. I’d come to this corner and studied the bridge a million times. And on every one of those times, I was taken with what I’d come to call Brooklyn Belle. At night, Belle was dressed in tiny light. On a cloudless night like this one, she was a sight like no other in the whole city. Jeweled in light. Beautiful. I had drawn Belle in the high-noon light, at sunset, on snowy days, and on foggy twilight mornings... I was proud of my drawings, but with each page they showed a sad truth about Belle: She needed repair. That bridge renovation project needed me; and I needed it, in more ways than I could count. 24. What can we learn from the story? A. Bebe lost her parents in the bridge project. B. Bebe liked to draw the bridge on winter mornings. C. Bebe and Mama Lil often got into arguments with each other. D. Bebe called her grandma Mama Lil because she was her mom’s mother. 25. By mentioning the name “Brooklyn Belle”, the author intends to help readers ______. A. recall the history of the bridge B. appreciate the bridge’s beauty C. ignore the damage to the bridge D. imagine the bridge’s future look 26. What does the author intend to tell us? A. Dreams truly know no boundaries. B. Elders always make the best decisions. C. Conflict usually resolves itself in the end. D. Pride wins out but makes things more difficult. C We have been defending humanities for many decades now, but the crisis of the humanities only grows. In the face of declining student interest and mounting political scrutiny (审查), universities and colleges are increasingly putting humanities departments on the chopping block. As a humanist, I am prepared to admit that I do not know what the value of the humanities is. I once asked the best teacher I ever had why she no longer taught her favorite novel, and she said that she stopped teaching a book when she found she was no longer curious about it. The humanistic spirit is, fundamentally, an inquisitive one. In contrast, defenses of the humanities are not - and cannot be - conducted in an inquisitive spirit, because a defensive spirit is inimical to an inquisitive one. Defensiveness is, it must be admitted, an understandable response when the chopping block is brought out and you need to explain why you shouldn’t be on it, which requires their participants to pretend to know things that they do not actually know. Nonetheless, we should be alert to the danger of becoming accustomed to putting our worst foot forward. An atmosphere of urgency and calls for immediate action are hostile to fields of study like literature and philosophy that require a reflective mood, and the pretense (假装) of knowing what one doesn’t actually know is hostile to forms of inquiry that demand an open mind. A defensive mindset also encourages politicization. If the study of literature or philosophy helps to fight sexism or to promote democracy — and everyone agrees that sexism is bad, and democracy is good-then you have your answer as to why we shouldn’t cut funding for the study of literature or philosophy. Politicization is a way of arming the humanities for its political battles, but it comes at an intellectual cost. Why is sexism so bad? Why is democracy so good? Politicization silences these and other questions, whereas the function of the humanities is to raise them. Humanists are not alone in their ignorance about the purpose of their disciplines. But scientists are under a lot less pressure to explain why they exist because the society at large believes itself to already have the answer to that question. If at some point I am called on to defend the study of Homer or Descartes at some official hearing, I will do my best, but I will not run to battle; the battle will have to come to me. The task of humanists is to invite, to welcome, to excite, to engage. And when we let ourselves classrooms but also in our public-self presentation, we find we don’t need to defend or prove anything: We are irresistible. 27. What is the main concern regarding the crisis in humanities? A. Students’ lack of interest in studying humanities courses. B. People’s little knowledge regarding the purpose of humanities. C. The mounting political scrutiny faced by humanities departments. D. The pressure on humanists to argue for the value of their disciplines. 28. What does the word “inimical” underlined in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A. contrary. B. relevant. C. sensitive. D. immune. 29. What can be inferred about a defensive mindset? A. It is the worst action to take in the face of the crisis. B. It leads to a compromise on human’s intellectual depth. C. It requires a reflective mood on the study of humanities. D. It brings about a lower chance of survival for humanities. 30. Which of the following might the author most probably agree? A. Humanities may not need any defense. B. Science is more useful than humanities. C. The future of humanities remains cloudy. D. The battle of humanities is a hard one to fight. D In over 25 years, DeSimone has spun his research findings into commercial gold by launching several businesses. As a faculty member at the University of North Cai’olina, he provided scientific advice and held equity in the businesses. But he has never actually managed his companies. His employers bar him from simultaneously holding an academic post and an executive position. The dual roles can present huge conflicts. Conflicts of interest (COIs)occur when an individual’s personal interests—family, friendships, financial, or social factors—could compromise his or her judgment, decisions, or actions in the workplace, and it makes sound career sense to think about how to manage them. Researchers should disclose potential or existing conflicts across all aspects of academic life. In most places, COI management runs on an honor system. Researchers decide which financial holdings and relationships to disclose to university administrators. Journals and funders adopt a similar system when they ask authors and peer reviewers about potential conflicts related to manuscript or grant approvals. Most research institutions offer training to help faculty members to understand what constitutes a potential or existing conflict. Administrators then decide whether the interest presents a conflict, and whether that conflict can be handled. If so, they create a management plan to address it. If not, researchers must abandon the work, partner with researchers at other institutions, or leave their university. Perception plays a part in defining a potential conflict, warns Walt, a chemist at Tufts University. Investigators who develop a technology in the laboratory and then transfer it to their company could create a conflict of interest in the eyes of their students, Walt says. But the potential conflict can be avoided by drafting a licensing agreement that bars discoveries from automatically being transferred to the investigator’s company. Walt created such an arrangement to assure his students that they weren’t actually working for his private companies. Relationships can pose conflicts when conference organizers are choosing speakers. Members of the American Society for Human Genetics program committee, which selects abstracts and talks for their annual meeting, must recuse(要求回避)themselves from considering talks by, for example, researchers at their current and past institutions, close collaborators and those with whom they have personal or familial ties. Even differing points of view can play a part. Scacheri, a geneticist who chairs the committee, says that members who have disagreed personally with potential speakers might also be obliged to recuse themselves: “If you feel like you can’t be an impartial (公正的)reviewer, that is considered a COI.” Handling COIs can be burdensome. COI managers emphasize that the goal is not to suppress innovation, but to expose potential conflicts so that they can be managed. “Nothing about the process is meant to be prohibitive,” says Grewal, a COI officer at MIT. Her institution wants to enable good science and the betterment of humanity. “During that process,” she says, “if you make some money, that’s good as well.” 31. The example of DeSimone in Paragraph 1 is used mainly to________. A. raise a question B. report a finding C. introduce a topic D. present a theory 32. To better deal with COIs,________. A. researchers have to quit their job at the university B. researchers should report the conflicts that possibly exist C. institutions need to monitor the staff’s career and relationships D institutions should train researchers to create management plans 33. What can we learn from the passage? A. Grewal considers COI management exhausting and costly. B. Walt arranged to transfer discoveries at his lab to his companies. C. Conference organizers should avoid inviting unqualified speakers. D. Scacheri believes personal viewpoints may impact a reviewer’s decision. 34. What can we infer from the passage? A. COIs can be defined depending on interpretations. B. COIs benefit scientific innovation and better humanity. C. COIs arise primarily due to the pursuit of financial gains. D. COIs can be got rid of by promoting fairness in workplaces. 第二节 七选五（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Sustainability over Style From the 1950s onwards, as companies increasingly switched to using plastic, competition accelerated and packaging became the best way to signal a distinct identity. ____35____ Just 10 percent of plastic packaging is recycled globally. There is a simple yet powerful way to improve both plastics recycling and reuse — make brands use similar packaging for products in the same category. Let’s take recycling first. Even with decades of consumer education and investment in infrastructure, it is too expensive to sort much plastic packaging into individual subtypes. Pigments (色素)can’t be eliminated and sorting by colour is expensive, so much coloured plastic gets downcycled into grey pipes or building material. ____36____ If product categories followed uniform guidelines for plastic type, colour, labels and adhesives, recyclers could cheaply recover far more material. This could finally make recycling economically viable and help achieve the dream of “circularity”, in which a new bottle is made from an old one. The case for standardised reuse systems is as compelling. Reuse systems based on standardised packaging and shared infrastructure could capture 40 percent of the market, versus 2 percent under a fragmented approach, according to the Ellen MacArthur Foundation. Standardised packaging may sound like an attack on capitalism to some, but brands already produce similar packaging for milk jugs in the UK and for toothpaste tubes in many countries. ____37____ Brands could still use labels, washable inks, embossing and other techniques to differentiate themselves. Admittedly, it is hard to imagine rivals like Procter & Gamble and Unilever voluntarily agreeing to put their shampoo in the same-coloured bottles. But as data amounts about the billions of dollars lost each year from single-use plastics that are burned or landfilled — and research sheds more light on the health risks linked to thousands of poorly studied chemicals in plastics — brands may find their corner is harder to defend. ____38____ In Europe and other parts of the world policy is already requiring reuse targets and the use of more recycled content. Standardised packaging offers brands a path to meet such goals while avoiding a jump in complexity and costs. Similar shampoo bottles won’t solve everything, of course. But such changes increasingly look like good business sense. ____39____ A. Increasingly, brands may not have a choice. B. Meanwhile, reusable packaging remains rare. C. Standardisation could dramatically improve things. D. Without them, truly circular packaging remains a distant dream. E. And standardised packaging wouldn’t mean that all products have to be identical. F. But as brands added complexities, the already fragile economics of plastics recycling collapsed. G. They could also still use their own shapes and sizes of packaging, so long as these don’t make sorting difficult. 第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分） 第一节 阅读表达（共4小题；第40、41题2分，42题3分，43题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 What makes some people incapable of apologizing even when they’re clearly in the wrong? People who cannot apologize often have deep feelings of low self-worth. When their delicate ego(自我) cannot absorb the blow of admitting they were wrong, their defense mechanisms kick in—they may place blame and even argue about basic facts to prevent the threat of having to lower themselves by offering an apology. Unfortunately, many of us mistakenly interpret these people’s defensiveness as a sign of psychological strength. That’s because outwardly they appear to be tough individuals who refuse to back down. But this doesn’t show that they’re strong—it shows that they’re weak. Admitting that we’re wrong is emotionally uncomfortable and painful to our sense of self. In order to take responsibility and apologize, our self-worth needs to be strong enough to absorb that discomfort. Indeed, if our self-worth is higher and more stable, we can tolerate the temporary discomfort that such an admission involves—without the walls around our ego falling down. But if our self-worth is seemingly high but actually breakable, that discomfort can go through our defensive walls and score a direct hit to our ego. Indeed, the more fixed one’s defense mechanisms are, the more delicate the ego they’re protecting. The mistake we often make when faced with someone who’s habitually incapable of apologizing is to become angry and try to win our argument with them. But the sad reality is that we can never win. In these situations, the best we can do is make our points as calmly and as convincingly as we can and then disengage from the argument when it becomes unproductive—like when they disagree with the facts, come up with silly excuses or turn to mean remarks. 40. Why can’t some people apologize? 41. What do many people mistakenly think of a non-apologizer’s defensiveness? 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ►When you are trying to win an argument with a non-apologizer, the best way is to express your anger and make your point as calmly and convincingly as possible. 43. In addition to what is mentioned in the passage, what else can you do if your friend refuses to apologize to you? (In about 40 words) 第二节 作文（共20分） 44. 你校即将举办以“Craftsmanship in China”为主题的英文演讲活动。请你结合自身生活实际写一篇演讲稿，内容包括： 1.工匠事迹； 2.自身感悟， 注意：词数100左右； Dear all, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Thanks for listening! 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 首都师大附中2025-2026学年第二学期开学练习 高三英语 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 On Oct. 11, hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race in Minnesota. Melanie Bailey should have ____1____ the course earlier than she did. Her ____2____ came because she was carrying a competitor across the finish line. As reported by a local newspaper, Bailey was more than two-thirds of the way through her race when a runner in front of her began crying in pain. She stopped to help her fellow runner, Danielle Lenoue. Bailey took her arm to see if she could walk forward with ____3____. She couldn’t. Bailey then ____4____ to let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get ____5____ attention. Once there, Lenoue was ____6____ and later taken to a hospital, where she learned that she had serious injuries in one of her knees. She would have struggled with extreme ____7____ to make it to that aid checkpoint without Bailey’s help. As for Bailey, she is more confused about why her act is considered a big ____8____. “She was just crying. I couldn’t leave her,” Bailey told the reporter. “I feel like I was just doing the right thing.” Although the two young women were strangers before the ____9____, they’ve since become friends. Neither won the race, but the ____10____ of human kindness won the day. 1. A. designed B. followed C. changed D. finished 2. A. delay B. chance C. trouble D. excuse 3. A. courage B. aid C. patience D. advice 4. A. went away B. stood up C. stepped aside D. bent down 5. A. medical B. public C. constant D. equal 6. A. interrupted B. assessed C. identified D. appreciated 7. A. hunger B. pain C. cold D. tiredness 8. A. game B. problem C. lesson D. deal 9. A. ride B. test C. meet D. show 10. A. secret B. display C. benefit D. exchange 【答案】1. D 2. A 3. B 4. D 5. A 6. B 7. B 8. D 9. C 10. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了在越野赛中，Melanie Bailey帮助受伤的竞争对手完成比赛，两人因此结下友谊的故事。 【1题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：梅兰妮·贝利本应该比她实际完成的更早完成比赛。A. designed设计；B. followed跟随；C. changed改变；D. finished完成。根据上文“On Oct. 11, hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race in Minnesota”和下文“the course earlier than she did”可知，10月11日，数百名跑步者在明尼苏达州参加了一场越野赛，此处指梅兰妮·贝利完成比赛。故选D。 【2题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她的延迟是因为她背着一名选手冲过了终点线。A. delay延迟；B. chance机会；C. trouble麻烦；D. excuse借口。根据上文“Melanie Bailey should have ______ the course earlier than she did.”可知，梅兰妮·贝利本应该比她实际完成的更早完成比赛，本句解释她延迟的原因。故选A。 【3题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：贝利抓住她的胳膊，看她能否在她的帮助下向前走。A. courage勇气；B. aid帮助；C. patience耐心；D. advice建议。根据上文“Bailey took her arm to see if she could walk forward with”可知，贝利抓住她的胳膊，想帮助这位选手向前走。故选B。 【4题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：然后贝利弯下腰，让勒努爬到她的背上，一路背着她到终点线，然后又走了300英尺，来到勒努可以接受医疗护理的地方。A. went away离开；B. stood up站起来；C. stepped aside让路；D. bent down弯腰。根据下文“let Lenoue climb onto her back”可知，为了让勒努爬到她的背上，贝利弯下腰。故选D。 【5题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然后贝利弯下腰，让勒努爬到她的背上，一路背着她到终点线，然后又走了300英尺，来到勒努可以接受医疗护理的地方。A. medical医疗的；B. public公众的；C. constant持续的；D. equal平等的。根据上文“Bailey was more than two-thirds of the way through her race when a runner in front of her began crying in pain.”可知，贝利背着勒努到可以接受医疗护理的地方。故选A。 【6题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：一到那里，勒努接受了检查评估，之后被送往医院，在那里她得知自己的一个膝盖受了重伤。A. interrupted打断；B. assessed评估；C. identified识别；D. appreciated欣赏。根据下文“later taken to a hospital, where she learned that she had serious injuries in one of her knees”可知，此处指勒努被送往医院前应接受初步的检查，医生评估了她的伤势。故选B。 【7题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果没有贝利的帮助，她将难以忍受极度的痛苦到达那个援助检查站。A. hunger饥饿；B. pain痛苦；C. cold寒冷；D. tiredness疲惫。根据上文“where she learned that she had serious injuries in one of her knees. ”可知，勒努一个膝盖受了重伤，要忍受痛苦。故选B。 【8题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：至于贝利，她更困惑的是为什么她的行为被认为是一件大事。A. game游戏；B. problem问题；C. lesson课程；D. deal交易，事情。根据下文“I feel like I was just doing the right thing.”可知，贝利认为自己只是做了该做的事情，不认为这是多么伟大的事情。故选D。 【9题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然这两个年轻女性在这次见面之前是陌生人，但她们后来成为了朋友。A. ride乘坐；B. test测试；C. meet见面；D. show展示。根据上文“Although the two young women were strangers before the”以及下文“they’ve since become friends”可知，这两个年轻女性在这次比赛中首次见面，之前是陌生人。故选C。 【10题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：两人都没有赢得比赛，但人类善良的表现赢得了胜利。A. secret秘密；B. display展示，表现；C. benefit好处；D. exchange交换。结合上文可知，贝利救助别的选手，这是善良行为的“展现”。故选B。 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Recently, President Xi Jinping ____11____ (call) for solid steps to promote high-quality development in the new year, deepen reform and opening-up across the board, and deliver prosperity for all. Xi made the remarks when delivering his 2026 New Year message in Beijing ____12____ China Media Group and the Internet. Showing confidence in China’s growth next year, which marks the beginning of the 15th Five-Year Plan(2026-30) period, Xi expressed the nation’s commitment to ____13____ (work) with all countries to advance global peace and development. 【答案】11. has called 12. through##via 13. working 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍了关于推动高质量发展、深化改革开放、促进共同繁荣以及推进全球和平与发展的相关讲话内容。 【11题详解】 考查动词时态以及主谓一致。句意：最近，习近平主席呼吁在新的一年里扎实推动高质量发展，全面深化改革开放，实现共同繁荣。时间状语 Recently 常与现在完成时连用，主语为President Xi Jinping，单数概念，故填has called。 【12题详解】 考查介词。句意：习在北京通过中央广播电视总台和互联网发表2026年新年贺词时发表了上述讲话。此处表示“通过（媒体、渠道）”，用介词 through 或 via。故填through/via。 【13题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：对明年中国的经济增长充满信心，因为这标志着第十五个五年计划（2026 — 2030 年）的开端。习表达了中国愿同各国一道推进全球和平与发展的决心。固定搭配 commitment to doing sth. 表示“致力于做某事”，to 为介词，后接动名词。故填working。 B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Strengthening the rule of law in science and technology ____14____ (be) a strategic task in advancing China’s path to modernization. ____15____ (keep) pace with AI’s rapid advancement, experts have advocated for the technology’s parallel development and governance over the past few years. Zhu Wei, an associate professor at China University of Political Science and Law, highlighted the ____16____ (necessary) of using legal tools to regulate fast-developing AI. He praised government rules to manage AI use and the ____17____ (revise) Cybersecurity Law for including AI content. 【答案】14. is 15. To keep 16. necessity 17. revised 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了加强科技法治是中国现代化道路上的战略任务，专家倡导人工智能的并行发展与治理。 【14题详解】 考查主谓一致。句意：加强科技法治是中国现代化道路上的战略任务。句子描述的是一般事实，应用一般现在时，主语“Strengthening the rule of law in science and technology”是动名词短语，be动词用is。故填is。 【15题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：为了跟上人工智能的快速发展，过去几年专家们一直倡导该技术的并行发展和治理。本空作目的状语，用keep的不定式，句首单词，首字母大写。故填To keep。 【16题详解】 考查名词。句意：中国政法大学副教授朱巍强调了使用法律工具来规范快速发展的人工智能的必要性。空处作highlighted的宾语，应用名词necessity“必要性”。故填necessity。 【17题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：他赞扬了政府管理人工智能使用的规定，以及修订后的《网络安全法》纳入了人工智能内容。本空修饰Cybersecurity Law，作定语，revise“修订”与Cybersecurity Law是被动关系，应用过去分词。故填revised。 C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 The exhibition Red Memory Engraved in Thangka, ___18___ documents the history of Luhuo County in Sichuan Province, drew wide attention. It ___19___ (divide) into five thematic sections, and ___20___ makes it stand out is its perfect combination of traditional thangka art and red cultural heritage, featuring works showcasing the Red Army’s stay in Luhuo, earthquake relief efforts, modern Tibetan life, and pieces inspired by local folk songs. 【答案】18. which 19. is divided 20. what 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍“镌刻在唐卡中的红色记忆”展览，融合传统唐卡艺术与红色文化，主题丰富且备受关注。 18题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：“镌刻在唐卡中的红色记忆”展览记录了四川炉霍县的历史，引发了广泛关注。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为The exhibition，指物，在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which。故填which。 【19题详解】 考查动词时态和语态。句意：它分为五个主题展区，最突出的特点是将传统唐卡艺术与红色文化遗产完美融合，展品包括展现红军进驻炉霍、抗震救灾、现代藏族生活以及取材于当地民歌的作品。此处描述客观事实，用一般现在时，It与divide为被动关系，主语为第三人称单数，所以用is divided。故填is divided。 【20题详解】 考查主语从句。句意：它分为五个主题展区，最突出的特点是将传统唐卡艺术与红色文化遗产完美融合，展品包括展现红军进驻炉霍、抗震救灾、现代藏族生活以及取材于当地民歌的作品。此处引导主语从句，从句中缺少主语，表示“……的事物”，所以用连接代词what。故填what。 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A The Beauty of Math In maths, the sequence is defined as an ordered list of numbers that follow a specific pattern. The numbers presented in the sequence are called the terms. The Fibonacci sequence (斐波那契数列) is one of its type where each number is the sum of the two that precede it. It starts from 1 and 1, given by 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, and so on. Its general formula is: Humans have probably known about this numerical sequence for millennia: it can be first found in medieval Indian mathematics. In the 13th century, the Italian mathematician Leonardo of Pisa, also known as Fibonacci, introduced the Arabic Numerals which replaced Roman Numerals, and carried out a thought experiment: he wanted to figure out the growth of an idealized (biologically unrealistic) rabbit population, assuming that a single newly born pair of rabbits (one male, one female) are put in a field, and that each pair produces one new pair (one male, one female) every month from the second month onwards. The result of this experiment is shown in Picture 1 Is there a magic equation to the universe? Probably not, but there are some pretty common ones that we find over and over in the natural world. The Fibonacci numbers must be a typical example. When we take any two successive (one after the other) Fibonacci numbers, their ratio is very close to the Golden Ratio, which is approximately 0.618, as shown in Table 1. In fact, the bigger the pair of Fibonacci numbers, the closer the approximation. Let us try a few: When we make squares with those widths and make a quarter turn in each of the square, we get a nice spiral (as shown in Picture 2), which we call Fibonacci spiral. Look at the array of seeds in the center of a sunflower and you’ll notice what looks like spiral patterns curving left and right. Amazingly, if you count these spirals, your total will be a series of Fibonacci numbers. You can decipher spiral patterns in pine-cones, pineapples and cauliflower that also reflect the Fibonacci sequence in this manner. Such a spiral can actually be found in more places in nature, from the curve of a nautilus shell to the twist of a typhoon or hurricane. What a coincidence! Table1 The Fibonacci sequence and the Golden Ratio are not just mathematical curiosities — they offer a fascinating connection between figures and reality. Sometimes a coincidence is just a coincidence, but coincidence is really beautiful! 21. If {an} represents the Fibonacci sequence, which of the following equations will be WRONG? A. B. C. D. 22. What can we learn about the Fibonacci sequence? A. It originated from ancient India. B. More examples are needed to prove it. C. No flower’s petal number breaks the sequence D. Fibonacci found it via an experiment on rabbits. 23. Which statement is the author probably in favor of? A. There is absolutely no magic equation to the universe. B. The natural world is dominated by mathematical patterns. C. Mathematics is one of the windows into the beauty of nature. D. A chain of evidence can prove the laws in this objective world. 【答案】21. D 22. A 23. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了斐波那契数列的定义、通项公式、起源，以及它在自然界中的体现，强调了数学与自然之美的联系。 【21题详解】 细节理解题。第四段“When we take any two successive (one after the other) Fibonacci numbers, their ratio is very close to the Golden Ratio, which is approximately 0.618, as shown in Table 1. In fact, the bigger the pair of Fibonacci numbers, the closer the approximation.(当我们选取任意两个连续的斐波那契数（即一个紧接另一个）时，它们的比值非常接近黄金比例，其值约为 0.618，如表1所示。事实上，斐波那契数对越大，这个近似值就越精确)”明确其比值接近黄金比例0.618，因此A选项正确；B选项是文中给出的斐波那契数列通项公式的变形，表述正确；C选项是根据Table1推导的公式，表述正确。因此错误的是D项。故选D。 【22题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Humans have probably known about this numerical sequence for millennia: it can be first found in medieval Indian mathematics. (人类可能已经知道这个数列数千年了：它最早可以在中世纪的印度数学中找到)”可知，斐波那契数列最早出现在古代印度的数学中。故选A。 【23题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“You can decipher spiral patterns in pine-cones, pineapples and cauliflower that also reflect the Fibonacci sequence in this manner. Such a spiral can actually be found in more places in nature, from the curve of a nautilus shell to the twist of a typhoon or hurricane. What a coincidence!(你可以在松果、菠萝和花椰菜上辨认出螺旋图案，它们也以这种方式体现出斐波那契数列。这样的螺旋实际上在自然界中随处可见，从鹦鹉螺的贝壳曲线到台风或飓风的旋卷。太巧了！)”和最后一段“The Fibonacci sequence and the Golden Ratio are not just mathematical curiosities — they offer a fascinating connection between figures and reality. Sometimes a coincidence is just a coincidence, but coincidence is really beautiful! (斐波那契数列和黄金比例不仅仅是数学上的奇趣——它们在数字和现实之间建立了一种迷人的联系。有时候巧合就是巧合，但巧合真的很美好！)”可知，作者认为数学是连接数字与现实的桥梁，是欣赏自然之美的一扇窗。故选C。 B “No,” Mama Lil said it plain and simple. “I haven't never heard of no girls to be doing that. Bebe, you need to be getting yourself a real summer job, something civilized.” I’d been living with Mama Lil since I was six, when my own mama and daddy were killed in an apartment building fire. Lillian Johns was my mom’s mother. Everybody on our street called her Mama Lil and that was what I called her too. I had been butting heads with her ever since I could remember. And the older I got, the more at odds we were and the more conflicts we experienced. For weeks I’d been asking Mama Lil to let me join the youth renovation team. It was a group of kids who had been chosen by city officials to work with engineers to help repair the Brooklyn Bridge. The project would last the summer and pay good money. It would help me get to college, where I wanted to study engineering. But for Mama Lil, the thing that made her the most stubborn this time, was exactly my dream of becoming an engineer. In some respects, Mama Lil was right. It was true that there weren’t many black women engineers. But I wanted to build bridges more than anything. “Let me go, Mama Lil,” I begged softly. Mama Lil sat as still as a statue. “Mama Lil,” I said carefully, “if you don’t sign the bridge project permission form, I will sign it myself. Nobody will know the difference.” The next morning, Mama Lil’s eyes looked red-tired. “I’m going to the bridge,” I said firmly. “I know, Bebe,” she said. From her housedress pocket, she took out a pen and signed the form. “Bebe, that bridge is lucky to have you,” she said. I hugged Mama Lil good and hard, smiling big, right at her. … Ahead, in the distance, stood the Brooklyn Bridge. This was the best spot to see the bridge. I’d come to this corner and studied the bridge a million times. And on every one of those times, I was taken with what I’d come to call Brooklyn Belle. At night, Belle was dressed in tiny light. On a cloudless night like this one, she was a sight like no other in the whole city. Jeweled in light. Beautiful. I had drawn Belle in the high-noon light, at sunset, on snowy days, and on foggy twilight mornings... I was proud of my drawings, but with each page they showed a sad truth about Belle: She needed repair. That bridge renovation project needed me; and I needed it, in more ways than I could count. 24. What can we learn from the story? A. Bebe lost her parents in the bridge project. B. Bebe liked to draw the bridge on winter mornings. C. Bebe and Mama Lil often got into arguments with each other. D. Bebe called her grandma Mama Lil because she was her mom’s mother. 25. By mentioning the name “Brooklyn Belle”, the author intends to help readers ______. A. recall the history of the bridge B. appreciate the bridge’s beauty C. ignore the damage to the bridge D. imagine the bridge’s future look 26. What does the author intend to tell us? A. Dreams truly know no boundaries. B. Elders always make the best decisions. C. Conflict usually resolves itself in the end. D. Pride wins out but makes things more difficult. 【答案】24. C 25. B 26. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述Bebe自6岁父母因公寓火灾去世后与外婆Mama Lil生活，她渴望参加青年改造团队修复布鲁克林大桥以实现成为工程师的梦想，虽与Mama Lil产生冲突，但最终获得支持的故事。 【24题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“I had been butting heads with her ever since I could remember. And the older I got, the more at odds we were and the more conflicts we experienced.(从我记事起，我就一直和她争吵。我年纪越大，我们之间的分歧就越大，经历的冲突也就越多)”可知，Bebe和Mama Lil经常互相争吵，故选C项。 【25题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“At night, Belle was dressed in tiny light. On a cloudless night like this one, she was a sight like no other in the whole city. Jeweled in light. Beautiful.(晚上，Belle被点点灯光装点。在这样一个万里无云的夜晚，她是整个城市独一无二的风景。闪耀着光芒，美丽动人)”可知，作者提到“Brooklyn Belle”这个名字，意在让读者欣赏这座桥的美丽，故选B项。 【26题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段 “For weeks I’d been asking Mama Lil to let me join the youth renovation team. It was a group of kids who had been chosen by city officials to work with engineers to help repair the Brooklyn Bridge. The project would last the summer and pay good money. It would help me get to college, where I wanted to study engineering.(几个星期以来，我一直请求 Mama Lil 让我加入青年改造团队。这是一群被市政府官员选中，与工程师合作帮助修复布鲁克林大桥的孩子。这个项目将持续整个夏天，报酬丰厚。这将帮助我进入大学，我想在那里学习工程学)” 以及第四段 “But for Mama Lil, the thing that made her the most stubborn this time, was exactly my dream of becoming an engineer. In some respects, Mama Lil was right. It was true that there weren’t many black women engineers. But I wanted to build bridges more than anything.(但对 Mama Lil 来说，这次让她最固执的，恰恰是我想成为一名工程师的梦想。在某些方面，Mama Lil 是对的。确实没有多少黑人女性工程师。但我最想做的就是建造桥梁)可以看出，尽管 Bebe 面临来自外婆 Mama Lil 的反对，且作为黑人女性追求工程师梦想面临现实阻碍，但她始终坚持自己的梦想。根据第七段“From her housedress pocket, she took out a pen and signed the form.(她从家居服口袋里掏出一支笔，签了表格)可知，Bebe 获得了外婆的支持。这表明梦想不受性别、他人意见等因素的限制，A 选项“梦想确实没有界限”符合文意。故选A项。 C We have been defending humanities for many decades now, but the crisis of the humanities only grows. In the face of declining student interest and mounting political scrutiny (审查), universities and colleges are increasingly putting humanities departments on the chopping block. As a humanist I am prepared to admit that I do not know what the value of the humanities is. I once asked the best teacher I ever had why she no longer taught her favorite novel, and she said that she stopped teaching a book when she found she was no longer curious about it. The humanistic spirit is, fundamentally, an inquisitive one. In contrast, defenses of the humanities are not - and cannot be - conducted in an inquisitive spirit, because a defensive spirit is inimical to an inquisitive one. Defensiveness is, it must be admitted, an understandable response when the chopping block is brought out and you need to explain why you shouldn’t be on it, which requires their participants to pretend to know things that they do not actually know. Nonetheless, we should be alert to the danger of becoming accustomed to putting our worst foot forward. An atmosphere of urgency and calls for immediate action are hostile to fields of study like literature and philosophy that require a reflective mood, and the pretense (假装) of knowing what one doesn’t actually know is hostile to forms of inquiry that demand an open mind. A defensive mindset also encourages politicization. If the study of literature or philosophy helps to fight sexism or to promote democracy — and everyone agrees that sexism is bad, and democracy is good-then you have your answer as to why we shouldn’t cut funding for the study of literature or philosophy. Politicization is a way of arming the humanities for its political battles, but it comes at an intellectual cost. Why is sexism so bad? Why is democracy so good? Politicization silences these and other questions, whereas the function of the humanities is to raise them. Humanists are not alone in their ignorance about the purpose of their disciplines. But scientists are under a lot less pressure to explain why they exist because the society at large believes itself to already have the answer to that question. If at some point I am called on to defend the study of Homer or Descartes at some official hearing, I will do my best, but I will not run to battle; the battle will have to come to me. The task of humanists is to invite, to welcome, to excite, to engage. And when we let ourselves classrooms but also in our public-self presentation, we find we don’t need to defend or prove anything: We are irresistible. 27. What is the main concern regarding the crisis in humanities? A. Students’ lack of interest in studying humanities courses. B. People’s little knowledge regarding the purpose of humanities. C. The mounting political scrutiny faced by humanities departments. D. The pressure on humanists to argue for the value of their disciplines. 28. What does the word “inimical” underlined in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A. contrary. B. relevant. C. sensitive. D. immune. 29. What can be inferred about a defensive mindset? A. It is the worst action to take in the face of the crisis. B. It leads to a compromise on human’s intellectual depth. C. It requires a reflective mood on the study of humanities. D. It brings about a lower chance of survival for humanities. 30. Which of the following might the author most probably agree? A. Humanities may not need any defense. B. Science is more useful than humanities. C. The future of humanities remains cloudy. D. The battle of humanities is a hard one to fight. 【答案】27. D 28. A 29. B 30. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人文学科所面临危机。 【27题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Humanists are not alone in their ignorance about the purpose of their disciplines. But scientists are under a lot less pressure to explain why they exist because the society at large believes itself to already have the answer to that question.(并不是只有人文主义者对他们学科目的一无所知。但科学家们在解释它们为什么存在的压力要小得多，因为整个社会都认为自己已经有了这个问题的答案。)”可知，科学家们的压力要比人文主义者的压力小，所以人文学科危机的主要关注点是人文主义者为他们学科的价值而争论的压力。故选D项。 【28题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线词的上文“In contrast, defenses of the humanities are not - and cannot be - conducted in an inquisitive spirit(相比之下，为人文学科辩护不是——也不可能——以一种好奇的精神进行的)”可知，辩护精神和好奇精神应该是对立的，所以划线词意思是“对立的、相反的”。故选A项。 【29题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Defensiveness is, it must be admitted, an understandable response when the chopping block is brought out and you need to explain why you shouldn’t be on it, which requires their participants to pretend to know things that they do not actually know.(必须承认，当砧板被拿出来，你需要解释为什么你不应该在砧板上时，防御性是一种可以理解的反应，这需要参与者假装知道他们实际上不知道的事情)”可知，参与者假装知道他们实际上不知道的事情，说明防御心态可导致了人类智力深度的妥协。故选B项。 【30题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“And when we let ourselves classrooms but also in our public-self presentation, we find we don’t need to defend or prove anything: We are irresistible.(当我们让自己成为教室，也让自己公开展示自我时，我们发现我们不需要为任何事情辩护或证明：我们是不可抗拒的。)”可知，A选项“人文学科可能不需要任何辩护”这一观点是作者可能同意的。故选A项。 D In over 25 years, DeSimone has spun his research findings into commercial gold by launching several businesses. As a faculty member at the University of North Cai’olina, he provided scientific advice and held equity in the businesses. But he has never actually managed his companies. His employers bar him from simultaneously holding an academic post and an executive position. The dual roles can present huge conflicts. Conflicts of interest (COIs)occur when an individual’s personal interests—family, friendships, financial, or social factors—could compromise his or her judgment, decisions, or actions in the workplace, and it makes sound career sense to think about how to manage them. Researchers should disclose potential or existing conflicts across all aspects of academic life. In most places, COI management runs on an honor system. Researchers decide which financial holdings and relationships to disclose to university administrators. Journals and funders adopt a similar system when they ask authors and peer reviewers about potential conflicts related to manuscript or grant approvals. Most research institutions offer training to help faculty members to understand what constitutes a potential or existing conflict. Administrators then decide whether the interest presents a conflict, and whether that conflict can be handled. If so, they create a management plan to address it. If not, researchers must abandon the work, partner with researchers at other institutions, or leave their university. Perception plays a part in defining a potential conflict, warns Walt, a chemist at Tufts University. Investigators who develop a technology in the laboratory and then transfer it to their company could create a conflict of interest in the eyes of their students, Walt says. But the potential conflict can be avoided by drafting a licensing agreement that bars discoveries from automatically being transferred to the investigator’s company. Walt created such an arrangement to assure his students that they weren’t actually working for his private companies. Relationships can pose conflicts when conference organizers are choosing speakers. Members of the American Society for Human Genetics program committee, which selects abstracts and talks for their annual meeting, must recuse(要求回避)themselves from considering talks by, for example, researchers at their current and past institutions, close collaborators and those with whom they have personal or familial ties. Even differing points of view can play a part. Scacheri, a geneticist who chairs the committee, says that members who have disagreed personally with potential speakers might also be obliged to recuse themselves: “If you feel like you can’t be an impartial (公正的)reviewer, that is considered a COI.” Handling COIs can be burdensome. COI managers emphasize that the goal is not to suppress innovation, but to expose potential conflicts so that they can be managed. “Nothing about the process is meant to be prohibitive,” says Grewal, a COI officer at MIT. Her institution wants to enable good science and the betterment of humanity. “During that process,” she says, “if you make some money, that’s good as well.” 31. The example of DeSimone in Paragraph 1 is used mainly to________. A. raise a question B. report a finding C. introduce a topic D. present a theory 32. To better deal with COIs,________. A. researchers have to quit their job at the university B. researchers should report the conflicts that possibly exist C. institutions need to monitor the staff’s career and relationships D. institutions should train researchers to create management plans 33. What can we learn from the passage? A. Grewal considers COI management exhausting and costly. B. Walt arranged to transfer discoveries at his lab to his companies. C. Conference organizers should avoid inviting unqualified speakers. D. Scacheri believes personal viewpoints may impact a reviewer’s decision. 34. What can we infer from the passage? A. COIs can be defined depending on interpretations. B. COIs benefit scientific innovation and better humanity. C. COIs arise primarily due to the pursuit of financial gains. D. COIs can be got rid of by promoting fairness in workplaces. 【答案】31. C 32. B 33. D 34. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了什么是利益冲突，以及如何避免利益冲突。 【31题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段内容可知，DeSimone大学教员和公司股份持有者的双重身份导致了巨大冲突。再结合第二段的“Conflicts of interest (COIs)occur when an individual’s personal interests—family, friendships, financial, or social factors—could compromise his or her judgment, decisions, or actions in the workplace, and it makes sound career sense to think about how to manage them.（当一个人的个人利益——家庭、友谊、经济或社会因素——可能会损害他或她在工作场所的判断、决定或行动时，利益冲突(COIs)就会发生，考虑如何管理这些利益对职业生涯来说是很有意义的）”以及下文对如何处理利益冲突的陈述推知，第一段提到DeSimone的例子是为了引出本文的话题——如何处理利益冲突。故选C。 【32题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段的“Researchers should disclose potential or existing conflicts across all aspects of academic life.（研究人员应该揭示学术生活的各个方面潜在的或存在的冲突）”可知，为了更好的应对利益冲突，研究人员应报告可能存在的冲突。故选B。 【33题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Even differing points of view can play a part. Scacheri, a geneticist who chairs the committee, says that members who have disagreed personally with potential speakers might also be obliged to recuse themselves: “If you feel like you can’t be an impartial (公正的)reviewer, that is considered a COI.”（甚至不同的观点也能发挥作用。Scacheri是一名遗传学家，同时也是委员会主席。他说，那些个人与潜在演讲者意见不一致的成员也可能被迫回避:‘如果你觉得自己不能成为一个公正的评审员，那就被认为是COI。’）”可知，Scacheri认为个人观点可能会影响评审者的决定。故选D。 【34题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段“Perception plays a part in defining a potential conflict, warns Walt, a chemist at Tufts University. Investigators who develop a technology in the laboratory and then transfer it to their company could create a conflict of interest in the eyes of their students, Walt says. But the potential conflict can be avoided by drafting a licensing agreement that bars discoveries from automatically being transferred to the investigator’s company. Walt created such an arrangement to assure his students that they weren’t actually working for his private companies.（塔夫茨大学的化学家Walt警告称，理解在定义潜在冲突中起着重要作用。沃尔特说，在实验室里开发出一项技术，然后把它转移到他们公司的研究人员，在他们的学生看来可能会产生利益冲突。但通过起草一份许可协议，禁止将发现自动转让给调查人员的公司，就可以避免潜在的冲突。沃尔特这样做是为了让他的学生相信，他们实际上并不是在为他的私人公司工作）”推知，COIs的定义可以取决于理解。故选A。 第二节 七选五（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Sustainability over Style From the 1950s onwards, as companies increasingly switched to using plastic, competition accelerated and packaging became the best way to signal a distinct identity. ____35____ Just 10 percent of plastic packaging is recycled globally. There is a simple yet powerful way to improve both plastics recycling and reuse — make brands use similar packaging for products in the same category. Let’s take recycling first. Even with decades of consumer education and investment in infrastructure, it is too expensive to sort much plastic packaging into individual subtypes. Pigments (色素)can’t be eliminated and sorting by colour is expensive, so much coloured plastic gets downcycled into grey pipes or building material. ____36____ If product categories followed uniform guidelines for plastic type, colour, labels and adhesives, recyclers could cheaply recover far more material. This could finally make recycling economically viable and help achieve the dream of “circularity”, in which a new bottle is made from an old one. The case for standardised reuse systems is as compelling. Reuse systems based on standardised packaging and shared infrastructure could capture 40 percent of the market, versus 2 percent under a fragmented approach, according to the Ellen MacArthur Foundation. Standardised packaging may sound like an attack on capitalism to some, but brands already produce similar packaging for milk jugs in the UK and for toothpaste tubes in many countries. ____37____ Brands could still use labels, washable inks, embossing and other techniques to differentiate themselves. Admittedly, it is hard to imagine rivals like Procter & Gamble and Unilever voluntarily agreeing to put their shampoo in the same-coloured bottles. But as data amounts about the billions of dollars lost each year from single-use plastics that are burned or landfilled — and research sheds more light on the health risks linked to thousands of poorly studied chemicals in plastics — brands may find their corner is harder to defend. ____38____ In Europe and other parts of the world, policy is already requiring reuse targets and the use of more recycled content. Standardised packaging offers brands a path to meet such goals while avoiding a jump in complexity and costs. Similar shampoo bottles won’t solve everything, of course. But such changes increasingly look like good business sense. ____39____ A. Increasingly, brands may not have a choice. B. Meanwhile, reusable packaging remains rare. C. Standardisation could dramatically improve things. D. Without them, truly circular packaging remains a distant dream. E. And standardised packaging wouldn’t mean that all products have to be identical. F. But as brands added complexities, the already fragile economics of plastics recycling collapsed. G. They could also still use their own shapes and sizes of packaging, so long as these don’t make sorting difficult. 【答案】35. F 36. C 37. E 38. A 39. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍塑料包装回收难的问题，提出标准化包装可改善该问题，并分析其可行性与必要性。 【35题详解】 根据前文“From the 1950s onwards, as companies increasingly switched to using plastic, competition accelerated and packaging became the best way to signal a distinct identity.(从20世纪50年代开始，随着企业越来越多地转向使用塑料，竞争加剧，包装成为彰显独特身份的最佳方式)”和后文“Just 10 percent of plastic packaging is recycled globally.(全球仅10%的塑料包装被回收利用)”可知，前文讲品牌为彰显特色让包装更复杂，后文讲回收比例极低，空格处需体现转折衔接，说明包装复杂化对回收的负面影响。F项“But as brands added complexities, the already fragile economics of plastics recycling collapsed(但随着品牌增加包装的复杂性，本就脆弱的塑料回收经济彻底崩溃)”符合逻辑，既承接前文的包装复杂化，又引出后文回收难的现状。故选F项。 【36题详解】 根据后文“If product categories followed uniform guidelines for plastic type, colour, labels and adhesives, recyclers could cheaply recover far more material.(如果产品类别在塑料类型、颜色、标签和粘合剂方面遵循统一标准，回收商就能以较低成本回收多得多的材料)”可知，后文重点讲标准化包装对回收的积极作用，空格处需引出“标准化”这一核心话题，总领后文。C项“Standardisation could dramatically improve things.(标准化可以显著改善这种情况)”直接点出主题，且this situation指代前文提到的塑料回收难问题，衔接自然。故选C项。 【37题详解】 根据前文“Standardised packaging may sound like an attack on capitalism to some, but brands already produce similar packaging for milk jugs in the UK and for toothpaste tubes in many countries.(对一些人来说，标准化包装可能听起来像是对资本主义的攻击，但品牌已经在英国为牛奶罐、在许多国家为牙膏管生产类似的包装)”和后文“Brands could still use labels, washable inks, embossing and other techniques to differentiate themselves.(品牌仍然可以使用标签、可水洗墨水、压花和其他技术来彰显自身特色)”可知，空格处需承接前文，进一步说明标准化包装不会让品牌失去独特性。E项“And standardised packaging wouldn’t mean that all products have to be identical.(而且标准化包装并不意味着所有产品都必须一模一样)”既呼应前文的“类似包装”，又引出后文品牌彰显特色的具体方式，逻辑连贯。故选E项。 【38题详解】 根据前文“But as data amounts about the billions of dollars lost each year from single-use plastics that are burned or landfilled — and research sheds more light on the health risks linked to thousands of poorly studied chemicals in plastics — brands may find their corner is harder to defend.(但随着每年一次性塑料被焚烧或填埋造成数十亿美元损失的数据不断增加，以及研究更多地揭示出塑料中数千种研究不足的化学物质带来的健康风险，品牌可能会发现自己的立场更难捍卫)”和后文“In Europe and other parts of the world, policy is already requiring reuse targets and the use of more recycled content.(在欧洲和世界其他地区，政策已经开始要求回收目标和使用更多再生材料)”可知，空格处需体现品牌在现状和政策压力下，可能不得不接受标准化包装。A项“Increasingly, brands may not have a choice.(越来越多的品牌可能别无选择)”承接前文的压力，引出后文的政策要求，衔接紧密。故选A项。 【39题详解】 根据前文“Similar shampoo bottles won’t solve everything, of course. But such changes increasingly look like good business sense.(当然，类似的洗发水瓶子并不能解决所有问题。但这样的变化越来越像是明智的商业决策)”可知，空格处需进一步说明标准化包装的意义，总结全文。D项“Without them, truly circular packaging remains a distant dream.(没有它们，真正的循环包装仍然是一个遥远的梦想)”中them指代前文的标准化包装，强调其对实现循环包装的重要性。故选D项。 第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分） 第一节 阅读表达（共4小题；第40、41题2分，42题3分，43题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 What makes some people incapable of apologizing even when they’re clearly in the wrong? People who cannot apologize often have deep feelings of low self-worth. When their delicate ego(自我) cannot absorb the blow of admitting they were wrong, their defense mechanisms kick in—they may place blame and even argue about basic facts to prevent the threat of having to lower themselves by offering an apology. Unfortunately, many of us mistakenly interpret these people’s defensiveness as a sign of psychological strength. That’s because outwardly they appear to be tough individuals who refuse to back down. But this doesn’t show that they’re strong—it shows that they’re weak. Admitting that we’re wrong is emotionally uncomfortable and painful to our sense of self. In order to take responsibility and apologize, our self-worth needs to be strong enough to absorb that discomfort. Indeed, if our self-worth is higher and more stable, we can tolerate the temporary discomfort that such an admission involves—without the walls around our ego falling down. But if our self-worth is seemingly high but actually breakable, that discomfort can go through our defensive walls and score a direct hit to our ego. Indeed, the more fixed one’s defense mechanisms are, the more delicate the ego they’re protecting. The mistake we often make when faced with someone who’s habitually incapable of apologizing is to become angry and try to win our argument with them. But the sad reality is that we can never win. In these situations, the best we can do is make our points as calmly and as convincingly as we can and then disengage from the argument when it becomes unproductive—like when they disagree with the facts, come up with silly excuses or turn to mean remarks. 40. Why can’t some people apologize? 41. What do many people mistakenly think of a non-apologizer’s defensiveness? 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ►When you are trying to win an argument with a non-apologizer, the best way is to express your anger and make your point as calmly and convincingly as possible. 43. In addition to what is mentioned in the passage, what else can you do if your friend refuses to apologize to you? (In about 40 words) 【答案】40. Because they often have deep feelings of low self-worth, 41. They think of it as a sign of psychological strength. 42. When you are trying to win an argument with a non-apologizer, the best way is to express your anger and make your point as calmly and convincingly as possible. When you are trying to win an argument with a non-apologizer, the best way is to make your point as calmly and convincingly as possible and then disengage from the argument when it becomes unproductive. 43. 言之有理即可。 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些人即使明知是错的也无法道歉的原因。 【40题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“People who cannot apologize often have deep feelings of low self-worth.(那些不会道歉人往往有自我价值感较低的深层感受。)”可知，有些人不能道歉是因为他们经常有很深的自卑。故答案为Because they often have deep feelings of low self-worth, 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Unfortunately, many of us mistakenly interpret these people’s defensiveness as a sign of psychological strength.(不幸的是，我们中的许多人错误地将这些人的防御性理解为心理力量的标志。)”可知，许多人错误地认为一个不道歉的人是防御性的，他们认为这是一种心理力量。故答案为They think of it as a sign of psychological strength. 【42题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“In these situations, the best we can do is make our points as calmly and as convincingly as we can and then disengage from the argument when it becomes unproductive—like when they disagree with the facts, come up with silly excuses or turn to mean remarks.(在这种情况下，我们所能做的就是尽可能冷静地、令人信服地阐述自己的观点，然后在争论变得毫无意义时就退出——比如当他们不同意事实时，就想出愚蠢的借口或发表刻薄的言论。)”可知，当你试图赢得与一个不道歉的人的争论时要注意在争论变得毫无意义时退出。故答案为When you are trying to win an argument with a non-apologizer, the best way is to express your anger and make your point as calmly and convincingly as possible. When you are trying to win an argument with a non-apologizer, the best way is to make your point as calmly and convincingly as possible and then disengage from the argument when it becomes unproductive. 【43题详解】 开放题。如果你的朋友拒绝向你道歉，你所能做的。考生言之有理即可。参考答案为：If they are not friends you interact with regularly, you can consider minimizing contact with them. But if they are close connections, you can accept their behavior and try to make your peace with them. 第二节 作文（共20分） 44. 你校即将举办以“Craftsmanship in China”为主题的英文演讲活动。请你结合自身生活实际写一篇演讲稿，内容包括： 1.工匠事迹； 2.自身感悟， 注意：词数100左右； Dear all, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Thanks for listening! 【答案】Possible version 1: Dear all, Today, I’d like to talk about craftsmanship in China through the story of Tu Youyou. For decades, she and her team studied ancient Chinese medical texts, testing 380 extracts from 200 herbs before finding artemisinin. Even when experiments failed repeatedly, she never gave up, refining each step with extreme care. In our fast-paced world, her spirit reminds us that true progress comes from slow, steady effort. As young people, we need to embrace this mindset: instead of chasing quick results, we should dive deep into our studies and passions, just like Tu Youyou did. Let’s honor her legacy by becoming “craftsmen” of our own lives. Thanks for listening! Possible version 2: Dear all, When we speak of Chinese craftsmanship, Fan Jinshi is a name that shines brightly. For over 50 years, she has dedicated herself to protecting the Mogao Grottoes, treating every mural and statue like a fragile treasure. She once spent months restoring a single faded mural, using traditional techniques to match its original colors, believing that these relics carry our history — we must guard them with the care of a craftsman. This is the core of craftsmanship: lifelong dedication, meticulous attention to detail, and a deep respect for heritage. As students, we can embody this spirit by approaching our studies with the same rigor — whether analyzing a poem or solving a problem, we should strive for precision and persistence. Let’s take Fan Jinshi as our role model and become “craftsmen” of our own paths, preserving and advancing what matters most. Thanks for listening! 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。学校即将举办以“Craftsmanship in China”为主题的英文演讲活动，要求考生结合自身生活实际写一篇演讲稿。 【详解】1.词汇积累 讨论：talk about → discuss 改善：refine → enhance 追求：chase → seek 尊重：honor → worship 2.句式拓展 句型转换 原句：Even when experiments failed repeatedly, she never gave up, refining each step with extreme care. 拓展句：Even when experiments failed repeatedly, not only did she give up, but she also refined each step with extreme care. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Even when experiments failed repeatedly, she never gave up, refining each step with extreme care.（运用了when引导的时间状语从句和现在分词短语作状语） 【高分句型2】In our fast-paced world, her spirit reminds us that true progress comes from slow, steady effort.（运用了that引导的宾语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $