精品解析：北京师大附中2025-2026初三第二学期英语学科开学适应性练习学情自测

2025-2026初三第二学期英语学科开学适应性练习 （请将答案填涂在答题纸上） 一、单项选择（每题0.5分，共9分） 1. I have a sister. ________ favourite toy is Labubu. A. Her B. She C. His D. He 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：我有一个妹妹。她最喜欢的玩具是Labubu。 考查代词辨析。Her她的，形容词性物主代词；She她，人称代词主格，指代女性；His他的，形容词性物主代词/名词性物主代词；He他，人称代词主格，指代男性。根据“I have a sister.”和“toy”可知，此处指“妹妹的玩具”，需用形容词性物主代词“Her”指代“妹妹的”。故选A。 2. We have a class meeting ________ Monday afternoon every week. A. at B. in C. on D. by 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：我们每周一下午都有一次班会。 考查介词辨析。at后接具体时刻；in后接年月或季节；on后接具体的日期；by通过。根据“Monday afternoon”可知，周一下午前需要用介词on。故选C。 3. ______ I have difficulties in learning math, I never give up. A. So B. Although C. Because D. Until 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：虽然我在学习数学上有困难，但我从不放弃。 考查连词辨析。So因此；Although虽然；Because因为；Until直到……为止。根据“…I have difficulties in learning math, I never give up.”可知，此处表示“虽然我在学习数学上有困难，但我从不放弃”，应该用although引导让步状语从句。故选B。 4. —Must I return this book before Wednesday, Madam? —No, you ________. You can keep it for one week. A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. shouldn’t 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：——女士，我必须在周三之前还这本书吗？——不，你不必。你可以借一个星期。 考查情态动词辨析。can’t不能；mustn’t禁止，千万不能；needn’t不必；shouldn’t不应该。根据“Must I…?”以及“No”可知，此处是must引导的一般疑问句的否定回答。must表示“必须”时，其否定回答常用needn’t或don’t have to，表示“不必”；mustn’t则表示“禁止”。根据“You can keep it for one week.”可知，此处指不必提前还书。故选C。 5. —How about the black dress, madam? —OK, but do you have ________ one? This one is a little short for me. A. a long B. the long C. the longer D. a longer 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】句意：——夫人，那件黑色连衣裙怎么样？——可以，但是你有长一点的吗？这件对我来说有点短。 考查冠词和形容词的用法。此处泛指“一条连衣裙”，应用不定冠词，所以排除选项B和C；根据“This one is a little short for me.”可知，这位夫人需要更长一点的连衣裙，所以此处应用比较级longer。因此空处应选a longer。故选D。 6. —Excuse me, I’m new here. ________ is the train station from this school? —It’s about two kilometers away. A. How long B. How much C. How far D. How many 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：——打扰一下，我是新来的。火车站离这所学校有多远？——大约两公里远。 考查疑问词组辨析。How long多久/多长，询问时间长度或物体长度；How much多少钱/多少，询问价格或不可数名词的数量；How far多远，询问距离；How many多少，询问可数名词的数量。根据答句“It’s about two kilometers away.”可知，火车站离学校大约两公里远，问句询问的是距离。故选C。 7. —Jerry, I’ve heard that you are coming to Beijing. —Yes. As soon as I ______ in Beijing, I will call you. A. arrive B. arrives C. will arrive D. arrived 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：——杰瑞，我听说你要来北京。——是的。我一到北京，就给你打电话。 考查时态。根据“As soon as I…in Beijing, I will call you.”可知，as soon as引导时间状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现时；从句中，I作主语，谓语动词应用动词原形。故选A。 8. — Are you new here? — No. We here for 5 years. A. lived B. have lived C. will live D. are living 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：—— 你是这儿新来的么？——不是。我们在这儿住了五年了。 考查动词的时态。lived动词的过去式；have lived动词的现在完成时；will live动词的一般将来时；are living动词的现在进行时。根据“for 5 years”可知讲述动词的持续性，用现在完成时have lived。故选B。 9. My mother ________ when I got home yesterday. A. cooks B. cooked C. has cooked D. was cooking 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】句意：昨天我回家时，我妈妈正在做饭。 考查动词时态辨析。cooks一般现在时；cooked一般过去时；has cooked现在完成时；was cooking过去进行时。根据时间状语“when I got home yesterday”可知，动作正在进行，使用过去进行时。故选D。 10. — Scott, what’s wrong with your right leg? — I fell down while I ________ basketball. A. play B. played C. was playing D. will play 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：——斯科特，你的右腿怎么了？——我打篮球时摔倒了。 考查过去进行时。play玩，一般现在时；played玩，一般过去时；was playing正在玩，过去进行时；will play将玩，一般将来时。根据“while”可知，此处表示“过去某个时间正在进行的动作”，用was playing符合语境。故选C。 11. They will have a trip to the Great Wall if it _________ next Sunday. A. doesn’t snow B. won’t snow C. didn’t snow D. isn’t snowing 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：如果下个星期天不下雪，他们会去长城旅行。 考查时态。if引导的条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”，从句用一般现在时，snow是动词，主语it是第三人称单数形式，否定借助于助动词doesn’t，故选A。 12. —When will you leave the office? —I won’t leave until my work ________. A. finishes B. finished C. is finished D. was finished 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：——你什么时候离开办公室？——直到我的工作完成，我才会离开。 考查时态和语态。finishes（一般现在时主动）；finished（一般过去时主动）；is finished（一般现在时被动）；was finished（一般过去时被动）。根据“I won’t leave...”可知本句为一般将来时，在“until”引导的时间状语从句中，需用一般现在时表示将来；且“工作”与“完成”之间是被动关系，应用被动语态。故选C。 13. Mary is a kind girl. She often ________ her classmates with their homework when she was in primary school. A. help B. helps C. is helping D. helped 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】句意：玛丽是个善良的女孩。在小学时，她经常帮助同学做作业。 考查动词时态。根据从句“when she was in primary school”可知，主句动作发生在过去，需用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式。故选D。 14. My brother ______ his homework, so he can play basketball with his friends now. A. finished B. has finished C. will finish D. finishes 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：我兄弟已经完成了他的作业，所以他现在可以和朋友们打篮球了。 考查现在完成时。根据“so he can play basketball now”可知，作业完成是当前能打球的前提，需用现在完成时have/has done，表示过去的动作对现在产生的影响。故选B。 15. My teacher’s glasses ________ by her baby yesterday. A. broke B. was broken C. were broken D. are broken 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：我老师的眼镜昨天被她的宝宝弄坏了。 考查被动语态。根据“My teacher’s glasses...by her baby yesterday.”可知，动作发生在过去，且主语“眼镜”与动作“打破”之间为被动关系，需用一般过去时的被动语态，glasses“眼镜”为复数名词，使用were。故选C。 16. My uncle ________ from his hometown for nearly two years. He will go back next week. A. has gone B. has left C. has been away D. has been left 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：我叔叔离开他的家乡将近两年了。他下周将回去。 考查现在完成时与延续性动词的用法。has gone已经去了，表示去了某处未回来；has left已经离开，其中leave为短暂性动词，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用；has been away已经离开，be away为延续性短语，可与时间段连用；has been left被留下，不符合句意。根据“for nearly two years”及语境可知，此处应用能与时间段连用的延续性动词或短语，且句意强调“离开家乡”的状态持续了两年，be away“离开”表示一种状态，可以与时间段连用表示状态，其过去分词形式为“been away”。故选C。 17. —Ms. Lisa, could you tell me ________? —Sure. At two o’clock tomorrow afternoon. A. when the speech will begin B. when will the speech begin C. when the speech began D. when did the speech begin 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：——丽莎女士，你能告诉我演讲什么时候开始吗？——当然，明天下午两点整。 考查when引导的宾语从句。根据“At two o’clock tomorrow afternoon.”可知，询问的事情是发生在将来，因此when引导的宾语从句应用一般将来时，其谓语结构为will do，从句采用陈述语序。故选A。 18. The teacher asked us ________. A. why we are late for class B. why are we late for class C. why we were late for class D. why were we late for class 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：老师问我们为什么上课迟到。 考查宾语从句。此处作为宾语从句，用陈述语序：疑问词+主语+谓语，排除BD两项，主句谓语asked是一般过去时，宾语从句用一般过去时，故选C。 二、完形填空（每题1分，共16分） A 阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。 I hurried across the grass to the forest and sat down on a large rock. I thought that no one would know where to look for me. At last I had peace and quiet. I felt ____19____ as I lifted my guitar onto my knee. I started to play and sing, “Lean on me, when you’re not strong...” It sounded terrible, and I tried to play again. “How’s it going, Tina?” I was surprised to see my brother James standing behind me. “Don’t you have a basketball game to watch?” I ____20____. So much for my perfect hideaway. “The game was almost over when I noticed you leave. I thought you might like some ____21____.” That’s the last thing I want. I feel I don’t have any privacy at home. Yesterday I found Eliza looking through my diary, and Sara was listening to the radio in my room after lunch today. I just want to be alone for a change. James studied me for a moment. “It’s ____22____ living in such a big family, isn’t it? I felt the same way when I was your age, but now...” “Now you have your own room because Daniel went to college,” I said. James laughed. “It is great to have my own room, but sometimes I really ____23____ Daniel. It was actually wonderful to have someone else there. We share memories and jokes no one else understands, and when things get difficult, we can always ____24____ one another. Didn’t Sara help you with your homework until midnight last week?” I admitted（承认）____25____, “Yeah, sometimes she can be all right.” “So this place can be your ‘room’. Anytime you really need a little quiet, just come out here. I won’t tell anyone about it,” James said. “Now, how about the song you were trying to play? Here, let me try.” “Maybe ____26____ isn’t so bad after all,” I thought when I handed my brother the guitar. 19. A. afraid B. warm C. tired D. relaxed 20. A. argued B. complained C. suggested D. reminded 21. A. advice B. discussion C. company D. protection 22. A. difficult B. surprising C. helpful D. dangerous 23. A. know B. trust C. miss D. admire 24. A. praise B. promise C. support D. respect 25. A. proudly B. bravely C. regretfully D. unwillingly 26. A. music B. family C. quiet D. change 【答案】19. D 20. B 21. C 22. A 23. C 24. C 25. D 26. B 【解析】 【导语】本文主要讲述了作者觉得自己在家没有隐私，但是作者的哥哥告诉作者和家人在一起也有很多好处。 【19题详解】 句意：当我把吉他放在膝盖上时，我感到很放松。 afraid害怕的；warm温暖的；tired劳累的；relaxed放松的。根据“At last I had peace and quiet”可知作者有了平静和安宁，所以此刻感到很放松。故选D。 【20题详解】 句意：“你没有篮球比赛看吗？”我抱怨道。 argued争吵；complained抱怨；suggested建议；reminded提醒。根据“So much for my perfect hideaway”以及上下文可知作者觉得哥哥的到来打扰了她的平静，所以她在抱怨。故选B。 【21题详解】 句意：我想你可能喜欢有人陪伴。 advice建议；discussion讨论；company陪伴；protection保护。根据“That’s the last thing I want”以及上下文可知，作者的哥哥觉得作者需要陪伴，但是作者只想要平静。故选C。 【22题详解】 句意：在这么大的家庭里生活很困难，不是吗？ difficult困难的；surprising令人惊讶的；helpful有帮助的；dangerous危险的。根据“living in such a big family”以及上下文可知，作者在一个大家庭里感觉自己没有隐私，所以在这样一个大家庭里生活是很难的。故选A。 【23题详解】 句意：有自己的房间真是太好了，但有时我真的很想念丹尼尔。 know知道；trust相信；miss想念；admire欣赏。根据“Now you have your own room because Daniel went to college”以及“It was actually wonderful to have someone else there. We share memories and jokes no one else understands”可知丹尼尔去上大学了，James很想念他们在一起的美好时光。故选C。 【24题详解】 句意：我们分享别人不懂的记忆和笑话，当事情变得困难时，我们总是可以互相支持。 praise表扬；promise承诺；support支持；respect尊敬。根据“when things get difficult, we can always”可知遇到困难时会互相支持。故选C。 【25题详解】 句意：我不情愿地承认：“是啊，有时候她还行。” proudly骄傲地；bravely勇敢地；regretfully后悔地；unwillingly不愿意地。根据“Didn’t Sara help you with your homework until midnight last week?”及“I admitted”可知作者抱怨自己没有隐私，但是还是不情愿地承认Sara会帮助自己。故选D。 【26题详解】 句意：当我把吉他递给哥哥时，我在想：“也许家庭并不是那么糟糕。” music音乐；family家人；quiet安静；change变化。根据“isn’t so bad after all”以及上文可知通过和哥哥的对话可知，作者意识到家人之间会互相帮助，家庭也不是那么糟糕。故选B。 B A Bad Movie We all sat wide-eyed without daring to move, I tried to be brave and not to look away. Then the hero killed the beast (怪兽). With a terrible cry, the awful creature died and fell to the ground at the end of the ____27____. We all cheered. We’d all heard that the movie was a good movie, and we weren’t ____28____. Today was special because Bobby showed up. Bobby was the coolest guy in our school and everybody liked him. Then Derek asked us what we wanted to do after the movie. He told us it was the perfect timing to see another movie — Rodent Extreme and there was a showing just starting over in Theater Four. I checked the money in my pocket and ____29____ because I didn’t have enough money. Bobby laughed and said that we were already inside, so we could sneak into (溜进) Theater Four without paying. Although I wanted to see the movie very much, I was hesitated (犹豫的). Bobby headed over to the theatre with Derek and my other friends. I didn’t want to be ____30____ out and I did want to see that movie. Bobby said he did this all the time, so it would be OK. I rejoined the group. Bobby showed us a good door to go through, so nobody would see us. I was enjoying the movie when I saw the beam (光线) of a flashlight ____31____ our theater. “Let me see your ticket,” the theater manager said. “I, uh, I lost it,” a voice said. The voice came from our friend Kenny who sat behind us. “Lost it? I don’t think so, you need to come with me,” the manager said. Kenny followed the manager out of the theater. My skin felt hot all over. “He was so nailed (逮个正着的). And the manager missed all of us!” Bobby said ____32____ . He sat up and looked around at us, as if he expected to be congratulated. I didn’t know what to do. Kenny was in big trouble. Should I leave? Or would I be in trouble, too? I felt terrible, but Bobby didn’t seem to ____33____ . After the movie, Bobby bragged (吹嘘) about how cool it was that Kenny got tossed out (扔出) and we didn’t. I didn’t think it was so cool. To tell the truth, I didn’t think Bobby was so cool anymore either. ____34____ the crowd is not always a good idea. 27. A. movie B. picture C. song D. letter 28. A. relaxed B. upset C. excited D. disappointed 29 A. changed B. accepted C. refused D. smiled 30. A. worked B. left C. looked D. picked 31. A. searching B. pointing C. cleaning D. finding 32. A. nervously B. happily C. bravely D. sadly 33. A. show B. believe C. care D. support 34. A. Staying B. Leading C. Leaving D. Following 【答案】27. A 28. D 29. C 30. B 31. A 32. B 33. C 34. D 【解析】 【导语】本文主要讲述了作者跟随朋友逃电影票的经历告诉我们不要盲目地随波逐流。 【27题详解】 句意：这个可怕的生物在电影结束时死去并倒在了地上。 movie电影；picture图片；song歌曲；letter信。根据“We’d all heard that the movie was a good movie”可知是在电影的结尾。故选A。 【28题详解】 句意：我们都听说这部电影是一部好电影，我们并不失望。 relaxed放松的；upset沮丧的；excited兴奋的；disappointed失望的。根据“We’d all heard that the movie was a good movie, and we weren’t”以及“We all cheered”可知听说这部电影很好，而且看过之后他们也觉得这部电影不错，所以他们没有对这部电影失望。故选D。 【29题详解】 句意：我检查了口袋里的钱并拒绝了。 changed改变；accepted接受；refused拒绝；smiled微笑。根据“because I didn’t have enough money”可知作者没有足够的钱，所以拒绝了朋友的提议。故选C。 【30题详解】 句意：我不想被排除在外。 worked工作；left离开；looked看；picked挑选。根据“Bobby headed over to the theatre with Derek and my other friends. I didn’t want to be...out and I did want to see that movie”以及下文内容可知，作者的朋友都去了，作者不想被朋友排除在外，所以最后作者也跟着去了，be left out“被忽视，被冷落”。故选B。 【31题详解】 句意：当我看到手电筒的光束搜索我们的剧院时，我正在欣赏电影。 searching搜索；pointing指；cleaning打扫；finding找到。根据“I was enjoying the movie when I saw the beam(光线) of a flashlight...our theater.”以及下文内容可知经理拿着手电筒搜寻剧院。故选A。 【32题详解】 句意：鲍比高兴地说。 nervously紧张地；happily开心地；bravely勇敢地；sadly悲伤地。根据“He was so nailed(逮个正着的). And the manager missed all of us”可知Bobby觉得经理没有抓住他们，所以他觉得很开心。故选B。 【33题详解】 句意：但鲍比似乎不在乎。 show展示；believe相信；care关心；support支持。根据“I felt terrible, but Bobby didn’t seem to”可知虽然我很担心，但是Bobby并不在乎。故选C。 【34题详解】 句意：随波逐流并不总是一个好主意。 Staying待；Leading带领；Leaving离开；Following跟随。根据“the crowd is not always a good idea.”以及前文内容可知，作者跟随朋友逃票，但是他感到非常糟糕，所以他觉得跟随别人并不是一个好主意。故选D。 三、阅读理解PartⅠ（每题2分，共14分） C "Five more minutes" is the first thought of many people when their alarms ring in the morning. This first thought is usually followed by hitting the snooze button(小睡催醒按钮）and falling back asleep for a few more moments. Hitting the snooze button has become a habit for millions of people, but it is time to examine this habit and develop new habits for feeling more rested during the day. Though hitting the snooze button allows people a few more minutes of sleep, it causes unhealthy sleep patterns(模式）．Most people think if they are tired when they first wake up, they need more sleep. However, they are mistaken when they conclude that any sleep is good sleep. Sleeping is a process with different cycles. To feel fully rested, the body must go through all the sleep cycles. Falling back asleep after hitting the snooze button restarts the process, but when the alarm rings again several minutes later, the process is interrupted. The body has not gone through all the cycles, and this can cause the body to feel sleepy for the rest of the day. This sleepiness can affect memory, the ability to make choices, and performance at work or school. Sleepiness may also happen if the body's biological rhythm（规律）is interrupted. People normally fall asleep at night and wake up in the morning because their rhythms are operating naturally. The rhythms are affected by repeated use of the snooze button, which can cause feelings of sleepiness during the day and an inability to fall asleep at night. Rather than depending on the snooze button, people need to consider developing different routines. The easiest choice is to put the alarm on the other side of the room. Having to get out of bed to turn it off decreases the possibility of hitting the snooze button. Another choice, if your routine allows it, is to just reset the alarm. Setting your alarm for 30 minutes later will make the whole sleep process longer instead of always restarting it. However, it must be stressed that getting up 30 minutes later in the morning is not an excuse to stay up 30 minutes later the night before. Though a few extra minutes of sleep may seem to promise a better start to the day, hitting that snooze button creates an unhealthy sleep pattern. 35. The second paragraph is mainly about . A. what unhealthy sleep patterns most people have B. what people should do to feel fully rested in the day time C. why people feel like going back to sleep after first waking up D. why a few minutes of sleep after first waking up causes bad effects 36. What can we learn from the passage? A. Hitting the snooze button helps people fall asleep at night. B. People wake up because their biological rhythms are interrupted. C. Getting up several minutes later helps people feel more energetic. D. Putting the alarm a bit far from the bed helps form healthy sleep habits. 37. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A Don't Wake Up Late！ B. Don't Use Alarm Clocks！ C. Don't Touch That Button！ D. Don't Change Sleep Patterns！ 【答案】35. D 36. D 37. C 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。一般来说，我们早上被闹钟吵醒后，都会关掉闹钟再小睡一会，但是这是不健康的睡眠模式，会打断整个的睡眠流程，使人白天更加困倦。 【35题详解】 主旨大意题。题意：第2段主要关于什么？A. what unhealthy sleep patterns most people have大多数人都有什么不健康的睡眠模式；B. what people should do to feel fully rested in the day time人们应该做些什么来让自己在白天充分休息；C. why people feel like going back to sleep after first waking up为什么人们想在第一次醒来后再睡觉；D. why a few minutes of sleep after first waking up causes bad effects为什么第一次醒来后几分钟的睡眠会产生不好的影响。根据文章内容Though hitting the snooze button allows people a few more minutes of sleep, it causes unhealthy sleep patterns(模式）．虽然按了小睡催醒按钮允许人们多几分钟的睡眠，它会导致不健康的睡眠模式。可知，第2段在讲不健康的睡眠模式，故选D。 【36题详解】 细节理解题。题意：我们从文章中了解到什么？A. Hitting the snooze button helps people fall asleep at night. 按下小睡催醒按钮有助于人们在晚上入睡；根据文章内容Though hitting the snooze button allows people a few more minutes of sleep, it causes unhealthy sleep patterns(模式）．虽然按了小睡催醒按钮允许人们多几分钟的睡眠，它会导致不健康的睡眠模式。可知，这个按钮是早上按的，而且也不会有助睡眠，故A错误。B. People wake up because their biological rhythms are interrupted. 人们醒来是因为他们的生物节律被打乱了；根据文章内容People normally fall asleep at night and wake up in the morning because their rhythms are operating naturally. 人们通常晚上睡觉，早上醒来，因为他们的节奏是自然的。可知，人们醒来时因为节奏自然，故B错误。C. Getting up several minutes later helps people feel more energetic. 晚起床几分钟能让人感觉更有活力；根据文章内容The body has not gone through all the cycles, and this can cause the body to feel sleepy for the rest of the day. 身体并没有经历所有的周期，这可能会导致身体在一天剩下的时间里感到困倦。可知，多睡几分钟可能使人更累。故C错误。D. Putting the alarm a bit far from the bed helps form healthy sleep habits. 把闹钟放在离床稍远的地方有助于形成健康的睡眠习惯；根据文章内容The easiest choice is to put the alarm on the other side of the room. 最简单的选择是把闹钟放在房间的另一边。可知，作者的建议是把闹钟放的离床远一点。故D正确。故选D。 【37题详解】 主旨大意题。题意：文章最佳标题是哪一个？A. Don't Wake Up Late！不要晚醒！B. Don't Use Alarm Clocks！不要使用闹钟！C. Don't Touch That Button！不要碰那个按钮！D. Don't Change Sleep Patterns！不要改变睡眠模式！根据文章内容可知，闹钟响了，不要按那个按钮，故选C。 【点睛】本文为一篇说明文，难度略大，在做说明文的时候，可以先阅读题目，然后带着题目内容去文章中找到相关的表述，进行选项和文章内容对比。本文阅读理解考查了比较多的主旨大意题，在做主旨大意题的时候，我们需要注意的是，题干问的是什么，是段主旨还是文章主旨，是作者的观点态度还是文章的出处。段落主旨一般情况在段落的首句，文章主旨需要看文章首段和尾段。 D A new research published in Nature Machine Intelligence suggests that teaching materials science, mechanical engineering, computer science, biology and chemistry as a combined discipline(综合学科) could help students develop the skills they need to create lifelike artificially intelligent(AI) robots as researchers. Known as Physical AI, these robots will be designed to look and behave like humans or other animals. At the same time, they will own intelligence(智力) normally connected with biological organisms(生物有机体). These robots could in future help humans at work and in daily living, performing tasks that are dangerous for humans and helping with medicine, caregiving, security, building and industry. However, today’s robots and biological beings exist separately and the intelligence of the two have not yet been combined. Co-lead author Professor Mirko Kovac said, “The development of robot ‘bodies’ has greatly fallen behind the development of robot ‘brains’. Unlike digital AI, which has been studied deeply in the last few decades, breathing physical intelligence into robots has remained relatively unexplored.” The researchers say that the reason for this gap might be that no systematic educational method has yet been developed for teaching students and researchers to create robot bodies and brains combined as whole units. This new research suggests a way of overcoming the gap by combining scientific disciplines to help future researchers create lifelike robots with abilities such as developing bodily control, autonomy and sensing at the same time. Professor Kovac said, “We picture Physical AI robots being developed in the lab by using unusual materials and research methods. Cross-disciplinary cooperation and partnerships will be very important.” The researchers also advise strengthening research activities in Physical AI by supporting teachers on both the institutional and community level. They suggest hiring and supporting university educators whose priority(重点) will be cross-disciplinary Physical AI research. “Creating lifelike robots has been an impossible task so far, but it could be made possible by including Physical AI in the high education system,” Kovac said. We hope that the researchers’ work will encourage active discussion of the topic and will lead to combination of Physical AI disciplines in the educational mainstream. The researchers intend to carry out the Physical AI methodology in their research and education activities to help build human-robot ecosystems. 38 What do we know about Physical AI robots according to the passage? A. They have been able to help humans at work. B. They will have human brains and animal bodies. C. They have been designed to look and act like humans. D. They will have intelligence connected with biological organisms. 39. What does the underlined words “this gap” in Paragraph 4 probably refer to? A. Biological beings have been paid enough attention to. B. The robot “brains” have fallen behind the robot “bodies”. C. Systematic educational method hasn’t been developed by now. D. Physical AI hasn’t been well explored compared with digital AI. 40. We can learn from the passage that ________. A. intelligence is important in creating digital AI robots B. development in digital AI can help produce smarter robots C. unusual materials might be used to develop Physical AI robots D. we have developed lifelike robots by having Physical AI in education 41. What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A. To show the difficulties of Physical AI development and the related solutions. B. To call for combination of Physical AI disciplines in the education system. C. To explain the reason why Physical intelligence has remained unexplored. D. To encourage people to prepare for the age of Physical AI progress. 【答案】38. D 39. D 40. C 41. B 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了物理人工智能以及将物理人工智能纳入教育主流系统中的必要性。 【38题详解】 细节理解题。根据原文“they will own intelligence normally connected with biological organisms”可知，物理人工智能机器人将拥有与生物相关的智力。故选D。 【39题详解】 词句猜测题。根据上文“Unlike digital AI, which has been studied deeply in the last few decades, breathing physical intelligence into robots has remained relatively unexplored”可知，this gap此处指的是上文提到的“与数字人工智能相比，物理人工智能还没有得到很好的探索”。故选D。 【40题详解】 推理判断题。根据原文“We picture Physical AI robots being developed in the lab by using unusual materials and research methods”可知，科学家描绘出了实验室里用不寻常的材料和研究方法开发物理人工智能机器人的前景，故可推断，不寻常的材料可能会被用于开发物理人工智能机器人。故选C。 【41题详解】 推理判断题。根据原文“We hope that the researchers’ work will encourage active discussion of the topic and will lead to combination of Physical AI disciplines in the educational mainstream”可知，作者写此文的目的是呼吁将物理人工智能学科整合到教育主流中。故选B。 四、阅读理解PartⅡ（每题3分，共21分） C Background knowledge is the knowledge a person has about the world when he or she starts to read a text. It is agreed that background knowledge plays an important role in reading. Put simply, the more you know about a topic, the easier it is for you to read a text, understand it, and remember the information. To understand this, here are two points. First, background knowledge enables readers to choose between different meanings of words. For example, if you read the word “operation” in a sports article, you might think about a sportsperson with a serious injury（伤）. But if you read the word in a math text, you’d think about a mathematical process. Second, understanding a text requires readers to fill missing information and make inferences. To do this, readers need to have some basic knowledge about the topic. Students get background knowledge both through personal experiences and by learning in the classroom. Then how can teachers help students build background knowledge? Here are some suggestions. Begin by teaching words in categories（类别）. For example, teachers can try something as simple as this: “Apples, bananas, strawberries, mangoes. They are a type of...（fruit）. Categories of objects and the use of generic nouns（统称）can help students increase vocabulary and develop concepts（概念）. ________. Reading builds knowledge, but wide reading has usually been taken as reading about a lot of different topics. Teachers can try a different way: encourage children to find an interest and read as many books as they can on one topic. This will help them develop a deeper knowledge on a topic. Use multimedia（多媒体）. Direct experiences are the most effective ways to build knowledge. There is nothing more exciting for students than learning through direct experiences, such as field trips and other activities. Although multimedia cannot replace real-life experiences, it can often provide a lot of information that we could only wish to experience firsthand. It can also introduce children to important words and concepts. Background knowledge is important in a student’s ability to fully understand a text. Teachers’ efforts can help students become stronger thinkers and life-long readers and learners. 42. The writer talks about the word “operation” in Paragraph 2 to explain________. A. what background knowledge is B. why background knowledge is important C. when people need background knowledge D. how people develop background knowledge 43. Which of the following would be the best topic sentence for Paragraph 5? A. Make wide reading interesting. B Introduce different topics to students. C. Encourage topic-centered wide reading. D. Help students find their favourite books. 44. What can we learn from the passage? A. Vocabulary is the greatest difficulty in understanding a text. B. Making inferences has little connection with background knowledge. C. Multimedia is more useful than direct experiences in building knowledge. D. Developing vocabulary and concepts can help build background knowledge. 【答案】42. B 43. C 44. D 【解析】 【导语】本文主要讲述了背景知识在阅读中起着重要的作用，并针对“教师如何帮助学生建立背景知识”这一问题提出了几点建议。 【42题详解】 推理判断题。根据“It is agreed that background knowledge plays an important role in reading.”及第二段“To understand this, here are two points. ”可知，第二段主要是在解释为什么背景知识很重要，所以作者举这个例子是为了说明这一点。故选B。 【43题详解】 推理判断题。根据“but wide reading has usually been taken as reading about a lot of different topics..... encourage children to find an interest and read as many books as they can on one topic. This will help them develop a deeper knowledge on a topic.”可知，本段主要是介绍鼓励孩子尽可能多地阅读自己感兴趣的同一主题的书籍，C项“鼓励以主题为中心的广泛阅读”最适合作为主题句。故选C。 【44题详解】 细节理解题。根据“Begin by teaching words in categories”和“Categories of objects and the use of generic nouns（统称）can help students increase vocabulary and develop concepts（概念）.”可知，增加词汇量，发展概念可以帮助建立背景知识。故选D。 D We’ve all experienced failure. Whether we like it or not, failure is part of life. How people respond to it is of great importance both to their decisions and achievements. Some are likely to have such expectations: “If I should reach that goal, how happy would I feel?” In a recent study, we wanted to understand how such expectations may change in the face of failure. Are people able to predict their own happiness? The old saying “the grass is always greener on the other side” suggests that people spend much of their time searching for things they can’t have. In other words, the harder it is to achieve, the higher the valuation. But is this a good model for how ordinary people process failure? According to the story The Fox and the Grapes, failure often leads us to drop our initial (最初的) plan. In the story, the fox jumps with all his strength, yet he fails to reach the grapes. Finally, he walks away, concluding that the grapes were sour (酸的) anyway. So, which is it: greener grass or sour grapes? We did an experiment to determine how people react to failure. In the study, about 1,200 participants (参加者) received either good or poor feedback (反馈) on the practice trial of a test. Half of them were told that they had performed in the bottom 20 percent, while the other half, in the top 20 percent. They were then asked to predict how they would feel if they earned a high score on the actual test. The research results showed that those who received poor feedback on the practice trial predicted that they would feel less happiness and less pride, compared to those who received strong feedback. However, when they received a top score on the actual test later, they were just as happy as the other half, and much happier than they had predicted before. This suggests that the initial failure made people undervalue how good it would feel to succeed in the future. The question though, is why failure makes us downplay our future happiness. According to Professor Jon Elster, people don’t always know what they want, and often change their wishes to match what appears within reach. When the outcome doesn’t fit the one they have of themselves, they protect themselves by devaluing the goal—rather than devaluing themselves. In other words, when personal failure happens, one way of protecting our positive (积极的) sense of self is to refuse to accept the emotional importance of future achievements. Detachment (超脱) from personal goals can be useful, if it helps people redirect their attention from the impossible to better and more achievable goals. However, if the sour-grape effect kicks in too early and people become fearful of failure, they could miss out on the chance to try again and realize that what once seemed impossible is now within reach. 45. What does the story The Fox and the Grapes suggest? A. The outcome valuation depends on what goal is set. B. Difficulties result in a higher achievement expectation. C. Past performance doesn’t help predict future happiness. D. Initial failure makes future success appear less attractive. 46. The word “downplay” in Paragraph 6 probably means “________”. A. undervalue B. better understand C. destroy D. discover 47. What do we know from the passage? A. The participants cared more about strong feedback. B. The happier people are those who predict less happiness. C. The participants’ performance failed to match their abilities. D. People devalue the goal to keep a positive view of themselves. 48. What is the writer trying to tell us? A. Failure is the mother of success. B. Detachment stops people from changing wishes. C. The seemingly impossible is worth trying sometimes. D. The sour-grape effect pushes us to keep moving forward. 【答案】45. D 46. A 47. D 48. C 【解析】 文章大意：失败是生活的一部分。人们对它的反应对他们的决定和成就都是非常重要的。通过实验证明，当个人失败发生时，保护我们积极的自我意识的一种方式就是拒绝接受未来成就的情感重要性，作者建议读者有时候，看似不可能的事情值得一试。 【45题详解】 细节理解题。根据“According to the story The Fox and the Grapes, failure often leads us to drop our initial (最初的) plan”可推断，这个故事讲的就是狐狸在达不到自己最开始的计划时，它选择了放弃，失败让未来可能的成功显得并不那么吸引人，故选D。 【46题详解】 词义猜测题。根据“The question though, is why failure makes us downplay our future happiness”及“When the outcome doesn’t fit the one they have of themselves, they protect themselves by devaluing the goal—rather than devaluing themselves”可知，当结果不适合他们自己时，他们通过贬低目标来保护自己，而不是贬低自己，以至于人们会轻视未来的幸福，所以“downplay“与“undervalue”同义，故选A。 【47题详解】 推理判断题。根据“In other words, when personal failure happens, one way of protecting our positive (积极的) sense of self is to refuse to accept the emotional importance of future achievements”可知，当人们失败时，人们通过贬低目标以保持对自己的积极看法，故选D。 【48题详解】 推理判断题。根据“However, if the sour-grape effect kicks in too early and people become fearful of failure, they could miss out on the chance to try again and realize that what once seemed impossible is now within reach”可知，作者想告诉我们有时候，看似不可能的事情值得一试，故选C。 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2025-2026初三第二学期英语学科开学适应性练习 （请将答案填涂在答题纸上） 一、单项选择（每题0.5分，共9分） 1. I have a sister. ________ favourite toy is Labubu. A. Her B. She C. His D. He 2 We have a class meeting ________ Monday afternoon every week. A. at B. in C. on D. by 3. ______ I have difficulties in learning math, I never give up. A. So B. Although C. Because D. Until 4. —Must I return this book before Wednesday, Madam? —No, you ________. You can keep it for one week. A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. shouldn’t 5. —How about the black dress, madam? —OK, but do you have ________ one? This one is a little short for me. A. a long B. the long C. the longer D. a longer 6. —Excuse me, I’m new here. ________ is the train station from this school? —It’s about two kilometers away. A. How long B. How much C. How far D. How many 7. —Jerry, I’ve heard that you are coming to Beijing. —Yes. As soon as I ______ in Beijing, I will call you. A. arrive B. arrives C. will arrive D. arrived 8. — Are you new here? — No. We here for 5 years. A. lived B. have lived C. will live D. are living 9. My mother ________ when I got home yesterday. A. cooks B. cooked C. has cooked D. was cooking 10. — Scott, what’s wrong with your right leg? — I fell down while I ________ basketball A. play B. played C. was playing D. will play 11. They will have a trip to the Great Wall if it _________ next Sunday. A. doesn’t snow B. won’t snow C. didn’t snow D. isn’t snowing 12. —When will you leave the office? —I won’t leave until my work ________. A. finishes B. finished C. is finished D. was finished 13. Mary is a kind girl. She often ________ her classmates with their homework when she was in primary school. A. help B. helps C. is helping D. helped 14. My brother ______ his homework, so he can play basketball with his friends now. A. finished B. has finished C. will finish D. finishes 15. My teacher’s glasses ________ by her baby yesterday. A. broke B. was broken C. were broken D. are broken 16. My uncle ________ from his hometown for nearly two years. He will go back next week. A. has gone B. has left C. has been away D. has been left 17. —Ms. Lisa, could you tell me ________? —Sure. At two o’clock tomorrow afternoon. A. when the speech will begin B. when will the speech begin C. when the speech began D. when did the speech begin 18. The teacher asked us ________. A. why we are late for class B. why are we late for class C. why we were late for class D. why were we late for class 二、完形填空（每题1分，共16分） A 阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。 I hurried across the grass to the forest and sat down on a large rock. I thought that no one would know where to look for me. At last I had peace and quiet. I felt ____19____ as I lifted my guitar onto my knee. I started to play and sing “Lean on me, when you’re not strong...” It sounded terrible, and I tried to play again. “How’s it going, Tina?” I was surprised to see my brother James standing behind me. “Don’t you have a basketball game to watch?” I ____20____. So much for my perfect hideaway. “The game was almost over when I noticed you leave. I thought you might like some ____21____.” That’s the last thing I want. I feel I don’t have any privacy at home. Yesterday I found Eliza looking through my diary, and Sara was listening to the radio in my room after lunch today. I just want to be alone for a change. James studied me for a moment. “It’s ____22____ living in such a big family, isn’t it? I felt the same way when I was your age, but now...” “Now you have your own room because Daniel went to college,” I said. James laughed. “It is great to have my own room, but sometimes I really ____23____ Daniel. It was actually wonderful to have someone else there. We share memories and jokes no one else understands, and when things get difficult, we can always ____24____ one another. Didn’t Sara help you with your homework until midnight last week?” I admitted（承认）____25____, “Yeah, sometimes she can be all right.” “So this place can be your ‘room’. Anytime you really need a little quiet, just come out here. I won’t tell anyone about it,” James said. “Now, how about the song you were trying to play? Here, let me try.” “Maybe ____26____ isn’t so bad after all,” I thought when I handed my brother the guitar. 19. A. afraid B. warm C. tired D. relaxed 20. A. argued B. complained C. suggested D. reminded 21. A. advice B. discussion C. company D. protection 22. A. difficult B. surprising C. helpful D. dangerous 23. A. know B. trust C. miss D. admire 24. A. praise B. promise C. support D. respect 25. A. proudly B. bravely C. regretfully D. unwillingly 26. A. music B. family C. quiet D. change B A Bad Movie We all sat wide-eyed without daring to move, I tried to be brave and not to look away. Then the hero killed the beast (怪兽). With a terrible cry, the awful creature died and fell to the ground at the end of the ____27____. We all cheered. We’d all heard that the movie was a good movie, and we weren’t ____28____. Today was special because Bobby showed up. Bobby was the coolest guy in our school and everybody liked him. Then Derek asked us what we wanted to do after the movie. He told us it was the perfect timing to see another movie — Rodent Extreme and there was a showing just starting over in Theater Four. I checked the money in my pocket and ____29____ because I didn’t have enough money. Bobby laughed and said that we were already inside, so we could sneak into (溜进) Theater Four without paying. Although I wanted to see the movie very much, I was hesitated (犹豫的). Bobby headed over to the theatre with Derek and my other friends. I didn’t want to be ____30____ out and I did want to see that movie. Bobby said he did this all the time, so it would be OK. I rejoined the group. Bobby showed us a good door to go through, so nobody would see us. I was enjoying the movie when I saw the beam (光线) of a flashlight ____31____ our theater. “Let me see your ticket,” the theater manager said. “I, uh, I lost it,” a voice said. The voice came from our friend Kenny who sat behind us. “Lost it? I don’t think so, you need to come with me,” the manager said. Kenny followed the manager out of the theater. My skin felt hot all over. “He was so nailed (逮个正着的). And the manager missed all of us!” Bobby said ____32____ . He sat up and looked around at us, as if he expected to be congratulated. I didn’t know what to do. Kenny was in big trouble. Should I leave? Or would I be in trouble, too? I felt terrible, but Bobby didn’t seem to ____33____ . After the movie, Bobby bragged (吹嘘) about how cool it was that Kenny got tossed out (扔出) and we didn’t. I didn’t think it was so cool. To tell the truth, I didn’t think Bobby was so cool anymore either. ____34____ the crowd is not always a good idea. 27. A. movie B. picture C. song D. letter 28. A. relaxed B. upset C. excited D. disappointed 29. A. changed B. accepted C. refused D. smiled 30. A. worked B. left C. looked D. picked 31. A. searching B. pointing C. cleaning D. finding 32. A. nervously B. happily C. bravely D. sadly 33. A. show B. believe C. care D. support 34. A. Staying B. Leading C. Leaving D. Following 三、阅读理解PartⅠ（每题2分，共14分） C "Five more minutes" is the first thought of many people when their alarms ring in the morning. This first thought is usually followed by hitting the snooze button(小睡催醒按钮）and falling back asleep for a few more moments. Hitting the snooze button has become a habit for millions of people, but it is time to examine this habit and develop new habits for feeling more rested during the day. Though hitting the snooze button allows people a few more minutes of sleep, it causes unhealthy sleep patterns(模式）．Most people think if they are tired when they first wake up, they need more sleep. However, they are mistaken when they conclude that any sleep is good sleep. Sleeping is a process with different cycles. To feel fully rested, the body must go through all the sleep cycles. Falling back asleep after hitting the snooze button restarts the process, but when the alarm rings again several minutes later, the process is interrupted. The body has not gone through all the cycles, and this can cause the body to feel sleepy for the rest of the day. This sleepiness can affect memory, the ability to make choices, and performance at work or school. Sleepiness may also happen if the body's biological rhythm（规律）is interrupted. People normally fall asleep at night and wake up in the morning because their rhythms are operating naturally. The rhythms are affected by repeated use of the snooze button, which can cause feelings of sleepiness during the day and an inability to fall asleep at night. Rather than depending on the snooze button, people need to consider developing different routines. The easiest choice is to put the alarm on the other side of the room. Having to get out of bed to turn it off decreases the possibility of hitting the snooze button. Another choice, if your routine allows it, is to just reset the alarm. Setting your alarm for 30 minutes later will make the whole sleep process longer instead of always restarting it. However, it must be stressed that getting up 30 minutes later in the morning is not an excuse to stay up 30 minutes later the night before. Though a few extra minutes of sleep may seem to promise a better start to the day, hitting that snooze button creates an unhealthy sleep pattern. 35. The second paragraph is mainly about . A. what unhealthy sleep patterns most people have B. what people should do to feel fully rested in the day time C. why people feel like going back to sleep after first waking up D. why a few minutes of sleep after first waking up causes bad effects 36. What can we learn from the passage? A. Hitting the snooze button helps people fall asleep at night. B. People wake up because their biological rhythms are interrupted. C Getting up several minutes later helps people feel more energetic. D. Putting the alarm a bit far from the bed helps form healthy sleep habits. 37. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. Don't Wake Up Late！ B. Don't Use Alarm Clocks！ C. Don't Touch That Button！ D. Don't Change Sleep Patterns！ D A new research published in Nature Machine Intelligence suggests that teaching materials science, mechanical engineering, computer science, biology and chemistry as a combined discipline(综合学科) could help students develop the skills they need to create lifelike artificially intelligent(AI) robots as researchers. Known as Physical AI, these robots will be designed to look and behave like humans or other animals. At the same time, they will own intelligence(智力) normally connected with biological organisms(生物有机体). These robots could in future help humans at work and in daily living, performing tasks that are dangerous for humans and helping with medicine, caregiving, security, building and industry. However, today’s robots and biological beings exist separately and the intelligence of the two have not yet been combined. Co-lead author Professor Mirko Kovac said, “The development of robot ‘bodies’ has greatly fallen behind the development of robot ‘brains’. Unlike digital AI, which has been studied deeply in the last few decades, breathing physical intelligence into robots has remained relatively unexplored.” The researchers say that the reason for this gap might be that no systematic educational method has yet been developed for teaching students and researchers to create robot bodies and brains combined as whole units. This new research suggests a way of overcoming the gap by combining scientific disciplines to help future researchers create lifelike robots with abilities such as developing bodily control, autonomy and sensing at the same time. Professor Kovac said, “We picture Physical AI robots being developed in the lab by using unusual materials and research methods. Cross-disciplinary cooperation and partnerships will be very important.” The researchers also advise strengthening research activities in Physical AI by supporting teachers on both the institutional and community level. They suggest hiring and supporting university educators whose priority(重点) will be cross-disciplinary Physical AI research. “Creating lifelike robots has been an impossible task so far, but it could be made possible by including Physical AI in the high education system,” Kovac said. We hope that the researchers’ work will encourage active discussion of the topic and will lead to combination of Physical AI disciplines in the educational mainstream. The researchers intend to carry out the Physical AI methodology in their research and education activities to help build human-robot ecosystems. 38. What do we know about Physical AI robots according to the passage? A. They have been able to help humans at work. B. They will have human brains and animal bodies. C. They have been designed to look and act like humans. D. They will have intelligence connected with biological organisms. 39. What does the underlined words “this gap” in Paragraph 4 probably refer to? A. Biological beings have been paid enough attention to. B. The robot “brains” have fallen behind the robot “bodies”. C. Systematic educational method hasn’t been developed by now. D. Physical AI hasn’t been well explored compared with digital AI. 40. We can learn from the passage that ________. A. intelligence is important in creating digital AI robots B. development in digital AI can help produce smarter robots C. unusual materials might be used to develop Physical AI robots D. we have developed lifelike robots by having Physical AI in education 41. What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A. To show the difficulties of Physical AI development and the related solutions. B. To call for combination of Physical AI disciplines in the education system. C. To explain the reason why Physical intelligence has remained unexplored. D. To encourage people to prepare for the age of Physical AI progress. 四、阅读理解PartⅡ（每题3分，共21分） C Background knowledge is the knowledge a person has about the world when he or she starts to read a text. It is agreed that background knowledge plays an important role in reading. Put simply, the more you know about a topic, the easier it is for you to read a text, understand it, and remember the information. To understand this, here are two points. First, background knowledge enables readers to choose between different meanings of words. For example, if you read the word “operation” in a sports article, you might think about a sportsperson with a serious injury（伤）. But if you read the word in a math text, you’d think about a mathematical process. Second, understanding a text requires readers to fill missing information and make inferences. To do this, readers need to have some basic knowledge about the topic. Students get background knowledge both through personal experiences and by learning in the classroom. Then how can teachers help students build background knowledge? Here are some suggestions. Begin by teaching words in categories（类别）. For example, teachers can try something as simple as this: “Apples, bananas, strawberries, mangoes. They are a type of...（fruit）. Categories of objects and the use of generic nouns（统称）can help students increase vocabulary and develop concepts（概念）. ________. Reading builds knowledge, but wide reading has usually been taken as reading about a lot of different topics. Teachers can try a different way: encourage children to find an interest and read as many books as they can on one topic. This will help them develop a deeper knowledge on a topic. Use multimedia（多媒体）. Direct experiences are the most effective ways to build knowledge. There is nothing more exciting for students than learning through direct experiences, such as field trips and other activities. Although multimedia cannot replace real-life experiences, it can often provide a lot of information that we could only wish to experience firsthand. It can also introduce children to important words and concepts. Background knowledge is important in a student’s ability to fully understand a text. Teachers’ efforts can help students become stronger thinkers and life-long readers and learners. 42. The writer talks about the word “operation” in Paragraph 2 to explain________. A. what background knowledge is B. why background knowledge is important C. when people need background knowledge D. how people develop background knowledge 43. Which of the following would be the best topic sentence for Paragraph 5? A. Make wide reading interesting. B. Introduce different topics to students. C Encourage topic-centered wide reading. D. Help students find their favourite books. 44. What can we learn from the passage? A. Vocabulary is the greatest difficulty in understanding a text. B. Making inferences has little connection with background knowledge. C. Multimedia is more useful than direct experiences in building knowledge. D. Developing vocabulary and concepts can help build background knowledge. D We’ve all experienced failure. Whether we like it or not, failure is part of life. How people respond to it is of great importance both to their decisions and achievements. Some are likely to have such expectations: “If I should reach that goal, how happy would I feel?” In a recent study, we wanted to understand how such expectations may change in the face of failure. Are people able to predict their own happiness? The old saying “the grass is always greener on the other side” suggests that people spend much of their time searching for things they can’t have. In other words, the harder it is to achieve, the higher the valuation. But is this a good model for how ordinary people process failure? According to the story The Fox and the Grapes, failure often leads us to drop our initial (最初的) plan. In the story, the fox jumps with all his strength, yet he fails to reach the grapes. Finally, he walks away, concluding that the grapes were sour (酸的) anyway. So, which is it: greener grass or sour grapes? We did an experiment to determine how people react to failure. In the study, about 1,200 participants (参加者) received either good or poor feedback (反馈) on the practice trial of a test. Half of them were told that they had performed in the bottom 20 percent, while the other half, in the top 20 percent. They were then asked to predict how they would feel if they earned a high score on the actual test. The research results showed that those who received poor feedback on the practice trial predicted that they would feel less happiness and less pride, compared to those who received strong feedback. However, when they received a top score on the actual test later, they were just as happy as the other half, and much happier than they had predicted before. This suggests that the initial failure made people undervalue how good it would feel to succeed in the future. The question though, is why failure makes us downplay our future happiness. According to Professor Jon Elster, people don’t always know what they want, and often change their wishes to match what appears within reach. When the outcome doesn’t fit the one they have of themselves, they protect themselves by devaluing the goal—rather than devaluing themselves. In other words, when personal failure happens, one way of protecting our positive (积极的) sense of self is to refuse to accept the emotional importance of future achievements. Detachment (超脱) from personal goals can be useful, if it helps people redirect their attention from the impossible to better and more achievable goals. However, if the sour-grape effect kicks in too early and people become fearful of failure, they could miss out on the chance to try again and realize that what once seemed impossible is now within reach. 45. What does the story The Fox and the Grapes suggest? A. The outcome valuation depends on what goal is set. B. Difficulties result in a higher achievement expectation. C. Past performance doesn’t help predict future happiness. D. Initial failure makes future success appear less attractive. 46. The word “downplay” in Paragraph 6 probably means “________”. A. undervalue B. better understand C. destroy D. discover 47. What do we know from the passage? A. The participants cared more about strong feedback. B. The happier people are those who predict less happiness. C. The participants’ performance failed to match their abilities. D. People devalue the goal to keep a positive view of themselves. 48. What is the writer trying to tell us? A. Failure is the mother of success. B. Detachment stops people from changing wishes. C. The seemingly impossible is worth trying sometimes. D. The sour-grape effect pushes us to keep moving forward. 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $