Unit 1 Section A 4a-4c 语法（同步实用课件）-2025-2026学年八年级英语下册同步实用课件（新教材人教版）

Section A (4a-4c) Time to Relax Unit 1 主谓 Subject Verb 主谓宾 Subject Verb Object 主系表 Subject Verb Predicate 主谓宾 宾补 Subject Verb Object Complement 系动词： 1. be 动词（am/is/are/was/were） 2. 感官动词（look, sound, feel...） 3. 变化类（become, get） /ˈpredɪkət/ She sings. She sings a song. He is handsome. She teaches him a song. 懒人笔记资料库原创课件 电话:13540016960 懒人笔记资料库原创课件 电话:13540016960 We all need free time __________ life better. I decide ________ the flute—my music teacher often tells me _____________ every day to improve. On weekends, I usually go hiking with friends ____________. Sometimes, I try calligraphy. My mom teaches me _________ nice characters to calm down. I also like _________ pictures __________ my feelings. It is happy ___________ my works with family. When I feel stressed, I listen to music __________. These activities help us stay happy and grow. That’s why we love free-time activities—I hope ________ ice skating soon! to make to learn to practice to get exercise to write to paint to express to share to relax to try 懒人笔记资料库原创课件 电话:13540016960 懒人笔记资料库原创课件 电话:13540016960 We all need free time __________ life better. I decide ________ the flute—my music teacher often tells me _____________ every day to improve. On weekends, I usually go hiking with friends ____________. Sometimes, I try calligraphy. My mom teaches me _________ nice characters to calm down. I also like _________ pictures __________ my feelings. It is happy ___________ my works with family. When I feel stressed, I listen to music __________. These activities help us stay happy and grow. That’s why we love free-time activities—I hope ________ ice skating soon! to make What’s the song about? to learn to practice to get exercise to write to paint to express to share to relax to try Free-time activities What do these underlined parts have in common? to+base form of verbs Infinitive 构成: 基本形式:_________.有时to可以省略.否定形式为__________. _____人称和数的变化. to do not to do 没有 定语 宾语 主语 状语 宾补 Infinitive 构成:基本形式:to do...有时to可以省略.否定形式为not to do, 没有人称和数的变化. 用法 宾语补足语是用来补充说明宾语的,表示宾语的状态,特征,身份等. 构成: 动词+宾语+(to) do sth 动词不定式在句中修饰动词,形容词或整个句子,表示目的,原因,结果等,相当于副词的作用. 不定式表句子核心话题/动作执行者，用it作形式主语避免头重脚轻。 常用结构:It + 系动词(be/seem等)+ 表语(形容词/名词)+ to do sth. 结构:①及物动词 + to do sth ②主语+谓语+it+宾补(adj./n.)+to do sth. 动词不定式（to + 动词原形）作定语时，需后置修饰名词/代词，说明被修饰词的“用途、目的、即将发生的动作”，相当于“……的（东西/时间/方式/机会等）” eg. 我奶奶教我写李白的诗。 eg. 教练告诉艾玛不要放弃滑冰。 eg. 她想要我和她一起去徒步。 Infinitive 作宾语补足语: My grandmother taught me to write Li Bai’s poem. The instructor told Emma not to give up ice skating. She wants me to go hiking with her. 动词不定式作宾语补足语: 宾语补足语是用来补充说明宾语的,表示宾语的状态,特征,身份等. 构成: 动词+宾语+动词不定式 ①带to的动词不定式作 宾语补足语 常见的可以接带to的动词不定式作宾补的动词(短语)有: allow, encourage, want, ask, teach, choose, tell, advise, wish, would like... eg. 我看见汤姆在公园踢足球。 eg. 她听见妹妹在房间里吹笛子。 eg. 我喜欢看你写书法。 eg. 让我帮你提包吧。 Infinitive I saw Tom play football in the park. She heard her sister play the flute in the room. I like watching you write calligraphy. 动词不定式作宾语补足语: 宾语补足语是用来补充说明宾语的,表示宾语的状态,特征,身份等. 构成: 动词+宾语+动词不定式 ②省to的动词不定式作 宾语补足语 Let me help you (to) carry the bag. 构成: help+宾语+(to) do sth 接省 to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词: 一感 (feel) 二听 (hear, listen to) 三让 (let, make, have) 四看 (see, watch, notice, look at) 半帮助 (help) 状语 Infinitive 动词不定式作状语: 动词不定式在句中修饰动词,形容词或整个句子,表示目的,原因,结果等,相当于副词的作用. ①作目的状语,说明动作的目的,意为 “为了...”,通常放于句末,需要强调时,也可放于句首,用逗号隔开. eg. 我听音乐是为了缓解学习压力。 eg. 我滑雪是为了锻炼身体。 eg. 为了提高英语,我每天读英文书。 I listen to music to reduce study stress. I go skiing to get exercise. To improve my English, I read English books every day. 状语 Infinitive 动词不定式作状语: 动词不定式在句中修饰动词,形容词或整个句子,表示目的,原因,结果等,相当于副词的作用. ②作原因状语,表示产生某种情感或状态的原因,常放在表示情感的形容词happy, sorry,glad等后面. eg. 我很开心每天晚上练习吹笛子。 eg. 她很高兴周末去徒步。 eg. 我们很遗憾上周错过了书法课。 I am happy to practice playing the flute every evening. She is glad to go hiking on weekends. We are sorry to miss the calligraphy class last week. 状语 Infinitive 动词不定式作状语: 动词不定式在句中修饰动词,形容词或整个句子,表示目的,原因,结果等,相当于副词的作用. ③作结果状语,常用结构: 1. 否定结果 too+adj./adv.+to do sth 2. 肯定结果 adj./adv.+enough+to do sth eg. 这笛子对我来说太难了,吹不好。 eg. 这节书法课太早了,她赶不上。 eg. 他太小了不能去徒步旅行。 The flute is too difficult for me to play well. The calligraphy class is too early for her to attend. He is too young to go hiking. 状语 Infinitive 动词不定式作状语: 动词不定式在句中修饰动词,形容词或整个句子,表示目的,原因,结果等,相当于副词的作用. ③作结果状语,常用结构: 1. 否定结果 too+adj./adv.+to do sth 2. 肯定结果 adj./adv.+enough+to do sth eg. 他年纪足够大了,可以去徒步。 eg. 这本绘画书足够简单,她能看懂使用。 eg. 她足够细心,能写出好看的书法。 He is old enough to go hiking. This painting book is easy enough for her to use. She is careful enough to write nice calligraphy. 主语 Infinitive 动词不定式作主语: 不定式表句子核心话题/动作执行者，用it作形式主语避免头重脚轻。 常用结构: It + 系动词(be/seem等)+ 表语(形容词/名词)+ to do sth. eg. 徒步是项好爱好。 eg. 练习书法很放松。 eg. 周游世界是我的梦想。 It is a good hobby to go hiking. It is relaxing to do calligraphy. It’s my dream to travel around the world. 宾语 Infinitive 动词不定式作宾语: 动词不定式(to + 动词原形)作宾语时,紧跟在特定及物动词后。 结构: 及物动词 + to do sth eg. 我喜欢做完作业后吹笛子。 eg. 他想下周日和同学去徒步。 eg.我们想今年冬天尝试滑冰。 I like to play the flute after finishing homework. He wants to go hiking with his classmates next Sunday. We would like to try ice skating this winter. 常见的此类动词有: 三个希望两答应：hope、wish、want、agree、promise 两个要求莫拒绝：demand、ask、refuse 设法学会做决定：manage、learn、decide 不要假装在选择：pretend、choose 宾语 Infinitive 动词不定式作宾语: 拓展:it作形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式 结构: 主语+谓语+it+宾补(adj./n.)+to do sth. eg. 我觉得尝试滑冰很酷。 eg. 他们发现加入绘画俱乐部很有意思。 eg.她觉得课后练笛子很惬意。 I think it cool to try ice skating. They find it interesting to join the painting club. She feels it nice to practice the flute after class. I find it meaningful to fight for my bright future. 形式宾语 真正的宾语 sb. + feel/find/make/think/believe + it + adj. + to do sth. 动词不定式作真正的宾语 It is boring to watch TV. 动词不定式作真正的主语 形式主语 真正的主语 =To watch Tv is boring. =To to fight for my bright future is meaningful. 1. I think ______ is impossible for robots _____ ________ humans. it to replace 3. She feels ______ easy ______ ______the homework. it to finish 2. ______ is interesting _____ predictions about the future. It to make 4. I believe______ beneficial______ exercise for half an hour every day. it to take Exercises 定语 Infinitive 动词不定式作定语: 动词不定式（to + 动词原形）作定语时，需后置修饰名词/代词，说明被修饰词的“用途、目的、即将发生的动作”，相当于“……的（东西/时间/方式/机会等）” eg. 我们需要一个练习吹笛子的机会。 eg. 他找到了一个画画的安静地方。 eg.她买了一本学习书法的书。 We need a chance to practice playing the flute. He found a quiet place to paint. She bought a new book to learn calligraphy. 主语 状语 表语 定语 动词不定式（to do）在英语句子里扮演什么角色？ To finish the homework on time is important. My goal is to go to a top University. I have a book to read after class. She gets up early to catch the school bus. 宾语 I decide to join the English club. 宾语 补足语 Our teacher asks us to finish the exercise 4a Read the sentences. Decide if each infinitive in bold functions as an object complement or adverbial. What do you do in your free time? I play the flute to relax. How did you spend your weekend? I went to the sports centre to ice-skate. How did you get into painting? I saw my mother paint. I decided to give it a go. What did your instructor say? She told me not to give up so easily. Adverbial of purpose Object complement 4b Complete the conversations with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets. 1. A: Thanks for your advice! It made me (decide) to try skiing. B: You’re welcome. Try ( forget) your fears and have fun! 2. A: My cousin often asks me (fly) kites with her when it’s windy. B: That sounds fun! I’d love to watch you (fly) kites sometime. 3. A: I love to watch kung fu movies (relax) . B: Really? when I want ( relax) , I watch animal videos. 4. A: My parents told me ( not push) myself too hard. B: Yes, it’s important ( not forget) to relax once in a while. decide to forget to fly fly to relax to relax not to push not to forget 功夫 push /pʊʃ/ v.督促;推 myself /maɪˈself/ 偶尔地;间或 What functions do these infinitives perform in the sentence? 4b Complete the conversations with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets. 1. A: Thanks for your advice! It made me (decide) to try skiing. B: You’re welcome. Try ( forget) your fears and have fun! 2. A: My cousin often asks me (fly) kites with her when it’s windy. B: That sounds fun! I’d love to watch you (fly) kites sometime. 3. A: I love to watch kung fu movies (relax) . B: Really? when I want ( relax) , I watch animal videos. 4. A: My parents told me ( not push) myself too hard. B: Yes, it’s important ( not forget) to relax once in a while. decide to forget to fly fly to relax to relax not to push not to forget Object complement Object Adverbial of purpose Subject My twin brother and I look alike, but we are so different. I love sport, and I often meet my friends _________ football and tennis. My brother joined us to play football once or twice, but he decided ___________ after that. He doesn't like sport very much! Instead, he likes ______ at home and ________movies, _________to music, and __________ with friends online. Our parents were worried about him staying at home too much. They also wanted us ___________ more time together as a family. So, now they let us ______ our favourite activities on Saturdays, but on Sundays, we go on a family outing together! chat  (not) come   do listen play spend stay watch to play not to come to stay watch listen chat to spend do 用动词不定式 “to play”作目的状语 decide not to do sth.决定不做某事 like to do sth. 喜欢做某事 want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事 let sb. do sth.让某人做某事 Complete the passage with the infinitive forms of the verbs in the box. What do you usually do outdoors? 4c Read and answer What activities does the writer enjoy? He loves sport, and he often plays football and tennis with his friends. What activities does the writer’s brother like? He likes to stay at home, watch movies, listen to music and chat with friends online. How do the parents make the brothers spend time together? On Saturdays, the brothers can do their favorite activities. On Sundays, they go on a family outing together. outdoor activities indoor activities Do you like indoor or outdoor free-time activities better? Why? Further thinking Is it good to stay indoors all the time? What can we do to balance it? No, it’s not good. It may make us lack exercise. We can do indoor activities on rainy days and go outdoors when the weather is nice. Why do you think free-time activities are important for us? They help us relax after study, keep our body healthy and make more friends. How can we enjoy outdoor activities safely? We can wear proper clothes and shoes, follow rules, and don’t do dangerous things alone. 懒人笔记资料库原创课件 电话:13540016960 懒人笔记资料库原创课件 电话:13540016960 Free time activities make our life colorful. Choose suitable ones and balance indoor and outdoor activities properly. My twin brother and I look alike, but we are so different. I love sport, and I often meet my friends to play football and tennis. My brother joined us to play football once or twice, but he decided not to come after that. He doesn't like sport very much! Language Points 看起来一样 play+球类名称 踢/打...球 join sb to do sth 加入某人做某事 decide (not) to do sth 决定(不)做某事 Instead, he likes to stay at home and to watch movies, to listen to music, and to chat with friends online. Our parents were worried about him staying home too much. They also wanted us to spend more time together as a family. So, now they let us do our favourite activities on Saturdays, but on Sundays, we go on a family outing together! Language Points 待在家 看电影 和某人聊天 be worried about sb doing sth 担心某人做某事 一起度过(更多)时光 let sb do sth 让某人做某事 进行家庭出游 Language Points 1.How did you get into painting? 你是怎么开始画画的？ 暑假就要来了，这是开始学画画的好机会。 The summer holiday is coming. It's a good chance to get into drawing. 猫想钻进盒子里，但盒子太小了。 The cat tried to get into the box but it was too small. 你如果在高速公路上骑自行车，会惹上麻烦的。 If you ride your bike on the expressway, you'll get into trouble. 我哥哥染上了熬夜的习惯，总是很疲惫。 My brother gets into the habit of staying up late, and he's always tired. get into的用法： ① 开始做某事;② 进入;③ 陷入(某种状态或情况);④ 染上(习惯、嗜好等) Language Points 2. I saw my mother paint. 我看到我妈妈画画。 我看见他安全地穿过了马路。 I saw him cross the street safely. 我经常看见我弟弟早上读英语。 I often see my brother read English in the morning. 我路过公园时，看见他们正在放风筝。 When I passed the park, I saw them flying kites. 辨析:see sb do sth与see sb doing sth ① see sb do sth：看见某人做某事，强调动作全过程或经常性动作 ② see sb doing sth：看见某人正在做某事，强调动作进行中 Language Points 2. I saw my mother paint. 我看到我妈妈画画。 watch sb do sth 观看某人做某事 watch sb doing sth 观看某人正在做某事 hear sb do sth 听见某人做某事 hear sb doing sth 听见某人正在做某事 拓展:感官动词 see，watch，hear，notice（注意到），feel 等既可以接省略 to 的动词不定式作宾补，也可以接动词 -ing 形式作宾补。 →接省略 to 的动词不定式作宾补，表示动作的全过程或经常性、习惯性的动作； →接动词 -ing 形式作宾补，表示动作正在进行。 notice sb do sth 注意到某人做某事 notice sb doing sth 注意到...正在做... feel sb do sth 感觉某人做某事 feel sb doing sth 感觉某人正在做某事 Language Points 3.I decided to give it a go. 我决定试一试。 我从没煮过意大利面，但我想试试。 I've never cooked pasta before, but I'll give it a go. 为什么不试试攀岩呢？可能很有趣！ Why not give rock climbing a go? It might be fun! give it a go：试一试某事，口语常用，相当于have a try/give it a try，it可替换为具体名词/动词-ing短语。 Language Points 4. It made me decide to try skiing. 这让我决定尝试滑雪。 珍妮第一次尝试煮面条。 Jenny tried cooking noodles for the first time. 我在考试前努力记住所有生词。 I tried to remember all the new words before the test. 辨析:try doing sth与try to do sth ① try doing sth：尝试做某事，强调“试试看”的行为，不注重结果 ② try to do sth：尽力做某事，强调“努力达成”的过程 Language Points 5.My parents told me not to push myself too hard. 我父母告诉我不要逼自己太紧。 我父母经常督促我每天练钢琴。 My parents often push me to practise the piano every day. 你应该把门推开，而不是拉开。 You should push the door open, not pull it. push v. ①督促;鞭策,常用搭配:push sb to do sth 督促某人做某事 push sb too hard 把某人逼得太紧;对某人要求过高(过度施压) ②推,反义词为pull（拉） Language Points 6. Yes, it's important not to forget to relax once in a while. 对,不要忘记偶尔放松一下很重要。 在山里野营很令人兴奋。 It's exciting to go on a camping trip in the mountains. 向父母倾诉烦恼非常必要。 It's very necessary to pour out our troubles to our parents. It + be + 形容词 + to do sth：做某事是……的，it为形式主语，真正主语为不定式短语. Language Points 6. Yes, it's important not to forget to relax once in a while. 对,不要忘记偶尔放松一下很重要。 别忘了关门。 Don't forget to close the door. 我忘记已经关上门了。 I forget closing the door. 辨析:forget to do sth与forget doing sth ①forget to do sth 忘记要做某事（事情未做） ②forget doing sth 忘记做过某事（事情已做） Language Points 7. ...and  chat with  friends online.和朋友线上聊天。 几个女孩正在树下聊天。 Some girls are chatting under the tree. 她经常在花园里和邻居们聊天。 She often chats with her neighbours in the garden. 会议开始前我们快速聊一聊吧。 Let's have a quick chat before the meeting starts. chat①v.闲聊,现在分词为chatting,过去式/过去分词为chatted,常用搭配: chat with sb 和某人聊天 ②n.闲聊,常用搭配:have a chat 聊天 Language Points 8. Our parents were worried about him staying home too much. 我们的父母担心他待在家里的时间太长了。 昨晚我晚归时，父母很担心我。 My parents were worried about me when I stayed out late last night. =My parents worried about me when I stayed out late last night. 她担心她丈夫在结冰的路上开车。 She is worried about her husband driving on the icy road. be worried about：担心……，worried为形容词，about为介词，后接名词/代词/动词-ing形式，同义短语为worry about。 be worried about doing sth 担心某人做某事 Language Points 9.So, now they let us do our favourite activities on Saturdays, but on Sundays, we go on a family outing together! 所以，现在他们让我们在周六做自己最喜欢的活动，但在周日，我们会一起进行家庭出游！.。 这是一次完美的出游。 It was a perfect outing. 上周末我们出外游玩了，在湖边玩得很开心。 We went on an outing last weekend and had a great time by the lake. outing（名词）：出外游玩；远足，侧重集体短途休闲活动 常用搭配:go on an outing 出外游玩 Language Points 9.So, now they let us do our favourite activities on Saturdays, but on Sundays, we go on a family outing together! 所以，现在他们让我们在周六做自己最喜欢的活动，但在周日，我们会一起进行家庭出游！.。 我下周要去上海旅行。 I'm going on a trip to Shanghai next week. 辨析:outing与trip outing指 “出外游玩；远足”，侧重集体短途休闲活动 trip泛指“旅行”，可长可短，侧重“行程” 1. 开始做某事(get) 2. 看起来一样 3. 决定(不)做某事 4. 和某人在网上聊天 5. 担心某人做某事 6. 进行家庭出游 7. 这让我决定尝试滑雪。 8. 我父母告诉我不要逼自己太紧。 9. 不要忘记偶尔放松一下很重要。 10. 我们的父母担心他待在家里的时间太长了。 get into doing sth look alike decide (not) to do sth chat with sb online be worried about doing sth go on a family outing Exercises I like ______ (read) every day because it helps me ________ (learn) new things. She encourages me ________ (start) with 10 minutes a day. Our slogan is: “Read ________ (lead) your mind!” They ask me ________ (join) their basketball team. It’s a great way ________ (make) friends and ________ (relax). I decided ________ (give) it a go after I saw my cousin play. We remind you ________ (practice) every day if you want ________ (improve). One of my tips is ________ (ask) a friend ________ (join) you. The purpose of this activity is _____ (help) you ________ (develop) a new skill. I encourage everyone ________ (try) something new ________ (have) fun! to read to learn to start to lead to join to make to relax to give to practice to improve to ask to join to help (to) develop to try to have 一.用所给词的适当形式填空，并分析其语法功能。 懒人笔记资料库原创课件 电话:13540016960 懒人笔记资料库原创课件 电话:13540016960 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空 二 1. [2024四川内江中考改编] —You play basketball so well. Who taught you? —Nobody. I learnt it by ________ (I). 2. He just stayed at home most of the time _________ (relax) and read books. 3. My mother told me ____________ (not play) computer games too much. 4. Why did the man make the little boy _________ (wash) so many dishes? 5. [2025天津中考改编] The government is developing new plans __________ (protect) ancient buildings. 6. Our teachers asked us __________ (do) sports in our free time because doing sports is good for us. 7. In Beijing, many people go to the Tian'anmen Square to watch the national flag _________ (rise). 8. It is important for you __________ (take) exercise every day. myself to relax not to play wash to protect to do rise to take 懒人笔记资料库原创课件 电话:13540016960 懒人笔记资料库原创课件 电话:13540016960 根据汉语意思完成句子，每空一词 三 1. 我父母告诉我不要把自己逼得太紧。 My parents told me not to ______ myself too ______. 2. 你是怎么迷上滑雪的？ How did you ______ ______ skiing? 3. 重要的是不要忘记偶尔放松一下。 It's important not to forget to relax ______ ______ ______ _________. 4. 上周日他们全家去远足。 They ______ ______ a family _________ together last Sunday. push hard once in a while went on outing get into null 79848.0 $