Unit 8 被动语态（语法讲解+分层精练） 2025-2026学年译林版八年级英语下册

译林版八年级下册 Unit 8 被动语态 语法讲解+分层精练 导语 本单元核心语法为一般将来时的被动语态,同时结合单元语境,会综合考查一般现在时、一般过去时的被动语态(基础衔接),以下从语法精讲、易错点剖析、分层训练题三部分展开,训练题共 80 题,题型涵盖单选、填空、句型转换、改错、完成句子,分层适配基础、提升、拓展三个阶段。 语法讲解 (一)一般将来时的被动语态 使用场景:表示将要发生的被动动作,主语是动作的承受者,动作尚未发生。 两种基本结构 will 型:主语 + will be + 动词过去分词 (done) Many trees will be planted in our school next month. be going to 型:主语 + am/is/are going to be + done A recycling event is going to be held this Friday. 人称变化规则:be going to 中 be 动词随主语变化(I-am / 单数 - is / 复数 - are),will 无人称变化。 (二)单元衔接基础被动语态(一般现在 / 一般过去时) 本单元练习会综合考查基础被动语态,作为一般将来时被动的铺垫,核心结构: 一般现在时:am/is/are + done(表经常性、习惯性的被动动作) 一般过去时:was/were + done(表过去发生的被动动作) (三)被动语态核心原则 只有及物动词(或不及物动词 + 介词构成的及物短语)有被动语态;单独的不及物动词无被动语态。 高频易错点详细分析 结合八年级学生学习特点,本单元被动语态易错点集中在 6 个方面,也是考试丢分重灾区: 易错点 1:遗漏被动语态中的 be 动词(最基础也最常见) 核心原因:混淆主动和被动结构,忘记 “将来时被动 = will/be going to + be + done” 中be 动词不可省略。 易错点 2:be going to 型被动中 be 动词与人称不匹配 核心原因:忽略 be 动词随主语单复数变化,单数主语用 is,复数用 are。 易错点 3:不规则动词的过去分词记忆错误 高频易错不规则动词(单元重点):write written /do done /make made /hurt hurt /find found /eat eaten /kill killed /hold held 易错点 4:及物 / 不及物动词混淆,给不及物动词用被动 单元高频不及物动词:happen, run out, come, go。 易错点 5:主动变被动时,忘记保留双宾语 / 宾语补足语 核心规则:双宾语被动可任选一个宾语作主语,间接宾语(人)作主语时,直接宾语保留;直接宾语(物)作主语时,需加介词(to/for)。 易错点 6:混淆 “be going to do” 和 “be going to be done” 核心判断:看主语是动作发出者(主动,无 be done)还是承受者(被动,be done)。 分层精练(共80题) 基础层(30 题):侧重结构识记、基础单词语法搭配 题型 1:单项选择(15 题) 1. A lot of trees _ in our city next spring. A. will plant B. will be planted C. plant D. are planting 2. An environmental show _ in the town hall this Friday evening. A. is going to hold B. will hold C. is going to be held D. holds 3. The old clothes _ to the poor areas next month. A. will send B. is sent C. will be sent D. sends 4. _ a recycling event _ in our school next week? A. Will; be held B. Is; hold C. Will; hold D. Is; going to hold 5. The playground _ with flowers tomorrow. A. will decorate B. is going to decorate C. will be decorated D. decorates 6. Some new bikes _ to the students in the village school next term. A. are going to give B. will be given C. give D. gave 7. A new bridge _ over the river in two years. A. will be built B. built C. is building D. will build 8. The rubbish _ into different groups tomorrow morning. A. is going to separate B. will be separated C. separates D. separated 9. The rules about environmental protection _ next week. A. will be made B. make C. are making D. made 10. —When _ the meeting _? —This Sunday afternoon. A. is; going to hold B. will; be held C. is; hold D. will; hold 11. The glass _ into pieces if you drop it, so it _ carefully. A. will break; must be carried B. will be broken; carry C. breaks; is carried D. is broken; will carry 12. More eco-friendly products _ in the supermarket soon. A. will sell B. are going to be sold C. sell D. are selling 13. The classroom _ by the students after school tomorrow. A. will clean B. is cleaned C. will be cleaned D. cleans 14. A poster about World Environment Day _ by Sandy tomorrow. A. will design B. is going to be designed C. designs D. designed 15. The water in the lake _ if we don’t protect it. A. will pollute B. is polluted C. will be polluted D. pollutes 题型 2:用所给动词的适当形式填空(15 题) 1. Many new houses _ (build) in our hometown next year. 2. The old books _ (send) to the children in the mountain area next month. 3. A talk about environmental protection _ (give) in our school this Friday. 4. The little boy _ (take) to the hospital if he doesn’t feel well tomorrow. 5. The windows _ (clean) by the students tomorrow morning. 6. A new library _ (build) near our school in three years. 7. The rules of the park _ (make) next week. 8. The plastic bottles _ (recycle) in the factory soon. 9. An English party _ (hold) in our class next Friday evening. 10. The trees _ (water) by the students every day and more trees _ (plant) next spring. 11. The letter _ (write) by my father tomorrow. 12. The problem _ (discuss) at the meeting next week. 13. The food _ (cook) by my mother tonight. 14. The new bike _ (give) to me as a birthday gift next month. 15. The waste water _ (treat) in the factory soon. 提升层(30 题):侧重易错点突破、主动被动转换 题型 1:单句改错(10 题,每题只有一处错误) 1. A lot of activities will organize during the Environment Week. _ 2. The old clothes is going to be sent to the poor areas. _ 3. The meeting will be hold in the classroom tomorrow. _ 4. The accident will be happened on the road next week. _ 5. We are going to be plant more trees next spring. _ 6. The playground will decorate with green grass tomorrow. _ 7. The rubbish will be separate into different groups. _ 8. A new park are going to be built near the river. _ 9. The letter will be write by my sister this evening. _ 10. The glass will be break if you drop it. _ 题型 2:句型转换(主动变被动,10 题) 1. We will hold a recycling event in our school. A recycling event _ _ _ in our school. 2. Sandy will design a poster for World Environment Day. A poster _ _ _ by Sandy for World Environment Day. 3. They will send leaflets to all the people in the town. Leaflets _ _ _ to all the people in the town. 4. We will plant more trees on the hill next year. More trees _ _ _ on the hill next year. 5. The teacher will give us a talk about pollution. We _ _ _ a talk about pollution by the teacher. 6. They will build a new factory near the village. A new factory _ _ _ near the village. 7. She will clean the room tomorrow. The room _ _ _ by her tomorrow. 8. We will use more clean energy in the future. More clean energy _ _ _ in the future. 9. He will finish the work in two hours. The work _ _ _ in two hours. 10. They will make new rules to protect the environment. New rules _ _ _ to protect the environment. 题型 3:根据句意完成句子(10 题) 1. 下周我们学校将举办一场环保展览。 An environmental exhibition _ _ _ in our school next week. 2. 这些旧衣服将被送到慈善商店。 These old clothes _ _ _ to the charity shops. 3. 明天早上这条街道将被打扫。 This street _ _ _ tomorrow morning. 4. 三年后我们家乡将建一座新公园。 A new park _ _ _ in our hometown in three years. 5. 这场关于污染的演讲将由李老师主讲。 The talk about pollution _ _ _ by Mr Li. 6. 这些塑料瓶将被送到工厂回收。 These plastic bottles _ _ _ to the factory for recycling. 7. 下周五晚上将在市政厅举办一场环保演出。 An environmental show _ _ _ in the town hall next Friday evening. 8. 更多的自行车道将在我们城市修建。 More bicycle paths _ _ _ in our city. 9. 这些规则将在下周一制定。 These rules _ _ _ next Monday. 10. 如果我们不保护环境,更多的动物将被杀害。 More animals _ _ _ if we don’t protect the environment. 拓展层(20 题):侧重语境综合运用、易混点辨析 题型 1:单项选择(10 题,侧重易混点 / 语境) 1. —What will happen to the plastic bags? —They _ into different groups and recycled. A. will separate B. are going to be separated C. separate D. are separating 2. The little girl was lost and she _ to the police station if her parents can’t be found. A. will take B. is going to take C. will be taken D. takes 3. —Will the show be held at your school? —No, it _ at the town hall. A. will be held B. is going to hold C. holds D. will hold 4. The energy from the sun _ out forever, so it _ more in the future. A. won’t run; will be used B. won’t be run; will use C. doesn’t run; is used D. isn’t run; uses 5. _ the old shoes _ to the organization or thrown away? A. Will; be given B. Are; going to give C. Will; give D. Do; give 6. The playground _ now and it _ to students next month. A. is being built; will be opened B. is built; opens C. builds; will open D. is building; is going to open 7. —When _ the new rules _? —Next week. They are about waste sorting. A. will; make B. are; going to be made C. is; made D. will; making 8. The water in the river _ clean soon if we stop pouring waste into it. A. will be made B. makes C. will make D. is made 9. Some famous people _ to the environmental show next Friday. A. will invite B. are going to be invited C. invite D. are inviting 10. The problem of air pollution _ at the meeting next month. A. will discuss B. is going to discuss C. will be discussed D. discusses 题型 2:语篇填空(用所给动词的适当形式填空,10 题,单元环保语境) Greenville is a small city that is trying to become more eco-friendly. Many changes _ (make) in the city next year. First, more bicycle paths _ (build) to encourage people to ride bikes. Second, the waste water from the factories _ (treat) before it is poured into the river. Third, a new recycling centre _ (open) in the north of the city. All the plastic, glass and paper _ (collect) and recycled there. Fourth, an environmental activity _ (hold) on World Environment Day. Famous scientists _ (invite) to give talks about protecting the environment. Also, the number of cars on the road _ (control) by the local government. People _ (ask) to use public transport more. If all these changes are made, the air in Greenville _ (become) cleaner and the city _ (turn) into a perfect green city. 参考答案 基础层 单项选择 1-5 BCCAC 6-10 BABAB 11-15 ABCBC 动词填空 1. will be built 2. will be sent 3. will be given/is going to be given 4. will be taken 5. will be cleaned 6. will be built/is going to be built 7. will be made 8. will be recycled 9. will be held/is going to be held 10. are watered; will be planted 11. will be written 12. will be discussed 13. will be cooked 14. will be given/is going to be given 15. will be treated 提升层 单句改错 1. organize be organized(易错点 1:遗漏 be) 2. is are(易错点 2:be 动词不匹配) 3. hold held(易错点 3:不规则过去分词) 4. 去掉 be(易错点 4:不及物动词无被动) 5. 去掉 be(易错点 6:主动误用作被动) 6. decorate be decorated(易错点 1:遗漏 be) 7. separate separated(易错点 1:遗漏 be / 过去分词错误) 8. are is(易错点 2:be 动词不匹配) 9. write written(易错点 3:不规则过去分词) 10. break broken(易错点 3:不规则过去分词) 句型转换 1. will be held 2. will be designed 3. will be sent 4. will be planted 5. will be given 6. will be built 7. will be cleaned 8. will be used 9. will be finished 10. will be made 完成句子 1. will be held/is going to be held 2. will be sent/is going to be sent 3. will be cleaned/is going to be cleaned 4. will be built/is going to be built 5. will be given/is going to be given 6. will be sent/is going to be sent 7. will be held/is going to be held 8. will be built/is going to be built 9. will be made/is going to be made 10. will be killed/is going to be killed 拓展层 单项选择 1-5 BCABA 6-10 ABABC 语篇填空 1. will be made 2. will be built 3. will be treated 4. will be opened 5. will be collected 6. will be held 7. will be invited 8. will be controlled 9. will be asked 10. will become; will be turned 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $