Unit4 Adversity and Courage 单元基础知识增补导学案-2025-2026学年高中英语人教版选择性必修第三册

Unit4 Voyage and Perseverance 单元基础知识增补 Arthur English Research Centre Ⅰ. 重点词汇 1. sink vi.(sank/sunk，sunk)沉没；下沉；下降 vt.使下沉；使沉没 n．洗涤槽，水槽 核心搭配：sink into 陷入；沉入；sink down 下沉 The ship hit an iceberg and sank slowly into the sea. 这艘船撞上了冰山，缓缓沉入海中。 The temperature sinks sharply at night in the sea area, so take more clothes. 海域夜间气温急剧下降，记得多带衣服。 即时练习 (1) The old boat __________ (sink) to the bottom of the river after the storm last night. (2) 长时间的航行后，船员们感到体力在逐渐下降。(汉译英) After a long voyage, the crew felt their physical strength __________ __________. 2. voyage n．& vi.航海；航行 核心搭配：a voyage around the world 环球航行；go on a voyage 去航海 His dream is to go on a voyage around the world and explore different countries. 他的梦想是环球航行，探索不同的国家。 They set off on a long voyage to the remote island last month. 他们上个月出发，踏上了前往偏远岛屿的漫长航行。 即时练习 (1) He spent three years on a voyage __________ (explore) the Pacific Ocean. (2) 哥伦布的航海开启了新旧大陆之间的联系。(汉译英) Columbus’ __________ opened the connection between the Old World and the New World. 3. endurance n．忍耐力；耐久力→endure v．忍耐；忍受 核心搭配：physical endurance 体力耐力； endure hardships 忍受苦难 Long-distance voyage requires great endurance and strong will. 长途航行需要极强的忍耐力和坚定的意志。 Her enduring spirit of perseverance helped her finish the difficult voyage. 她持久的坚韧精神帮助她完成了艰难的航行。 即时练习 (1) It takes years of training to improve one’s physical __________ (endure). (2) 船员们必须学会忍受海上的孤独和艰苦。(汉译英) The crew must learn to __________ the loneliness and hardships at sea. 4. enthusiastic adj.热情的；热心的→enthusiastically adv.热情地→enthusiasm n．热情；热忱 核心搭配：be enthusiastic about 对……热情；enthusiastically support 热情支持 All the crew members are enthusiastic about the upcoming voyage of exploration. 所有船员都对即将到来的探险航行充满热情。 She spoke enthusiastically about her experience of sailing across the Atlantic. 她热情地讲述了自己横渡大西洋的经历。 即时练习 (1) The students are __________ (enthusiasm) about learning sailing skills. (2) 他对航海事业的热情从未减退。(汉译英) His __________ for the cause of navigation has never faded. 5. assign vt.分派；布置；分配→assignment n．任务；作业；分配 核心搭配：assign sb. a task 给某人分配任务；complete an assignment 完成任务/作业 The captain assigned each crew member a specific task before the voyage. 航行前，船长给每位船员分配了具体的任务。 Our teacher assigned us an assignment about famous voyages in history. 老师给我们布置了一项关于历史上著名航行的作业。 即时练习 (1) The manager __________ (assign) him to take charge of the voyage arrangement yesterday. (2) 他按时完成了船长分配给他的任务。(汉译英) He finished the __________ assigned by the captain on time. 6. belongings n．[pl.]财物；动产→belong vi.属于；应在(某处) 核心搭配：personal belongings 个人财物；belong to 属于(无被动语态) Before boarding the ship, everyone must check their personal belongings carefully. 登船前，每个人都必须仔细检查自己的个人财物。 These old navigation tools belong to my grandfather, who was a sailor. 这些旧航海工具属于我的祖父，他曾是一名水手。 即时练习 (1) Please take good care of your __________ (belong) during the voyage. (2) 这艘古老的帆船属于当地的航海博物馆。(汉译英) This old sailing ship __________ __________ the local maritime museum. 7. perseverance n．毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神 →persevere vi.坚持；孜孜以求 核心搭配：with perseverance 凭借毅力；persevere in doing sth. 坚持做某事 It was his perseverance that helped him overcome all difficulties during the voyage. 正是他的毅力，帮助他克服了航行中的所有困难。 We must persevere in our dream of exploring the ocean, no matter how hard it is. 无论多么艰难，我们都必须坚持探索海洋的梦想。 即时练习 (1) With great __________ (persevere), she finally completed the solo voyage. (2) 只有凭借毅力，我们才能在漫长的航行中坚持到底。(汉译英) Only with great __________ can we persist to the end in the long voyage. 8. resolve vi.& vt.决定；决心；解决(问题或困难) n．决心；坚定的信念→resolution n．决议；解决；坚定；决心→resolved adj.坚定的；下定决心的 核心搭配：resolve to do sth. 决心做某事；resolve a problem 解决问题；with resolve 带着决心；make a resolution 下定决心 He resolved to learn navigation skills and become a great sailor when he was young. 他年轻时就决心学习航海技术，成为一名优秀的水手。 With strong resolve, the crew resolved the crisis and continued their voyage. 船员们凭借坚定的信念，解决了危机，继续他们的航行。 即时练习 (1) She is __________ (resolve) to finish the voyage, no matter what challenges she faces. (2) 他们决心解决航行中遇到的所有困难。(汉译英) They __________ to resolve all the difficulties encountered during the voyage. 9. cruel adj.残酷的；残忍的；冷酷的→cruelty n．残忍；残酷 核心搭配：be cruel to 对……残忍； the cruelty of war 战争的残酷 The cruel storm destroyed their ship and left them stranded at sea. 残酷的暴风雨摧毁了他们的船，使他们被困在海上。 It is cruel to abandon the crew members who are in danger at sea. 抛弃在海上遇险的船员是残忍的。 即时练习 (1) The sailor described the __________ (cruel) of the storm in detail. (2) 不要对动物残忍，它们也是生命。(汉译英) Don’t be __________ to animals; they are also lives. 10. loyal adj.忠诚的；忠实的→忠实地→loyalty n．忠诚；忠实 核心搭配：be loyal to 对……忠诚；show loyalty to 对……表示忠诚 The sailors remained loyal to their captain even in the most dangerous moments. 即使在最危险的时刻，船员们仍然忠于他们的船长。 He served the shipping company loyally for more than 30 years. 他忠实地为这家航运公司服务了30多年。 即时练习 (1) His __________ (loyal) to the team won him the respect of all crew members. (2) 狗一直是人类最忠诚的伙伴之一。(汉译英) Dogs have always been one of the most __________ partners of humans. 11. commitment n．承诺；保证；奉献→commit vt.犯(错误、罪行等) vi.& vt.(使)承担义务 ；(使)作出保证→committed adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的 核心搭配：make a commitment 作出承诺；keep a commitment 遵守承诺；commit oneself to 致力于；be committed to 尽心尽力于 He made a commitment to his family that he would return safely from the voyage. 他向家人承诺，会从航行中安全返回。 All the crew members are committed to ensuring the safety of the voyage. 所有船员都尽心尽力地确保航行安全。 即时练习 (1) We should keep our __________ (commit) and never give up halfway. (2) 他承诺致力于航海事业的发展。(汉译英) He __________ himself to the development of the navigation cause. Ⅱ. 重点短语 1. turn sb down 拒绝(某人) He asked to join the voyage team, but the captain turned him down because of his lack of sailing experience. 他请求加入航行队，但船长因他缺乏航海经验而拒绝了他。 即时练习 (1) She __________ him __________ politely when he invited her to go on the voyage. (2) 船长拒绝了他不合理的航行请求。(汉译英) The captain __________ __________ his unreasonable request for the voyage. 2. give off 放出(热、光、气味或气体) The old ship’s engine gave off a lot of heat and a strange smell during the long voyage. 这艘旧船的引擎在长途航行中放出大量热量和一股奇怪的气味。 即时练习 (1) The equipment on the ship __________ __________ a faint light in the dark night. (2) 这些化学物质在储存过程中会放出有害气体。(汉译英) These chemicals will __________ __________ harmful gases during storage. 3. be enthusiastic about 对……充满热情 All the crew members are enthusiastic about the voyage of exploration and full of expectations. 所有船员都对这次探险航行充满热情，满怀期待。 即时练习 (1) The young sailor is __________ __________ learning all kinds of navigation skills. (2) 他对探索未知海域一直充满热情。(汉译英) He has always been __________ __________ exploring unknown sea areas. 4. become/be stuck in 陷于 The ship became stuck in the ice during the voyage, and the crew had to wait for rescue. 这艘船在航行中陷入了冰中，船员们不得不等待救援。 即时练习 (1) We must stay calm when we __________ __________ __________ trouble during the voyage. (2) 他们的船在大雾中陷入了困境，无法继续航行。(汉译英) Their ship __________ __________ __________ trouble in the heavy fog and couldn’t continue the voyage. Ⅲ. 重点句型 1. Below are some of Blackborow’s diary entries.（全部倒装） 以下是布莱克博罗的一些日记摘录。 全部倒装 结构：表示地点、方位的副词（below, here, there, up, down, now, then, out, in等）置于句首，且主语是名词时，句子用全部倒装。 【高考用法】① 倒装句的谓语动词单复数由后面的主语决定；② 常见于书面语，用于强调地点或方位。 即时练习 (1) Below __________ (be) some useful tips for a safe voyage at sea. (2) 以下是船员们在航行中需要遵守的规则。(汉译英) Below __________ __________ __________ that the crew need to follow during the voyage. (3) 这里有一些布莱克博罗记录的航海经历。(汉译英) Here __________ __________ __________ of the voyage recorded by Blackborow. 2. It will eventually lead to success as long as you persevere.（as long as “只要”） 只要你坚持，最终就会成功。 as long as 引导的条件状语从句 结构：主句 + as long as + 条件状语从句（as long as = so long as，意为“只要”） 【高考用法】① 从句置于主句前或后均可，前置于主句时需用逗号隔开；② 从句用一般现在时表示将来（即：主将从现。主句用一般来时，条件状语从句用一般现在时）。 即时练习 (1) You will finish the voyage smoothly as long as you __________ (obey) the captain’s orders. (2) 只要我们坚持下去，就一定能克服航行中的所有困难。(汉译英) We will surely overcome all difficulties during the voyage as long as we __________ __________. (3) 只要你充满热情，就能在航海中收获很多。(汉译英) You can gain a lot in the voyage as long as you __________ __________. 参考答案 Ⅰ. 重点词汇 1.(1) sank (2) sinking down 2.(1) exploring (2) voyage 3.(1) endurance (2) endure 4.(1) enthusiastic (2) enthusiasm 5.(1) assigned (2) assignment 6.(1) belongings (2) belongs to 7.(1) perseverance (2) perseverance 8.(1) resolved (2) resolve 9.(1) cruelty (2) cruel 10.(1) loyalty (2) loyal 11.(1) commitment (2) committed Ⅱ. 重点短语 1.(1) turned; down (2) turned down 2.(1) gave off (2) give off 3.(1) enthusiastic about (2) enthusiastic about 4.(1) are stuck in (2) became stuck in Ⅲ. 重点句型 参考答案 1.(1) are (2) are some rules (3) are some experiences 2.(1) obey (2) keep going (3) are enthusiastic 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $