Unit 1 Across the globe（单元自测·提升卷）英语沪教版选择性必修第三册

Unit 1 Across the globe单元自测·提升卷 （考试时间：90分钟 试卷满分：115分） 注意事项： 1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。 3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 4．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 I. Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分） Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Medieval (中世纪的) manners While I was growing up, “keep your elbows (肘) off the table” was a common remark at dinner time. But, as I learned in our recent podcast episode with medieval historian and author Cybulskie, such remarks have a long history — 1 (date) all the way back to the Middle Ages. In the medieval period, manners proved more important than today and 2 (prize) particularly by social climbers, because a firm grasp of manners was a way of standing out from the crowd: “It showed you were worldly and educated, and ready to hang out with the most important people of the day.” But what would have ingratiated (讨好) you with a medieval host, and what kinds of social faux pas (失礼) would have ensured 3 you were never invited back? Practising good hygiene was key, particularly when it came to the dinner table. In this era, dining was a much 4 (intimate) experience, according to Cybulskie, than it is today. When sharing a meal with a dining partner, you would also be sharing cups and plates. “Don’t blow your nose at the table, or wipe your face on the tablecloth,” Cybulskie advised. As well as listing some behaviour 5 (avoid), Cybulskie shared tips on how to be an attentive dining partner. “You would want to give the best portions of food to your partner at the table,” she said, “and make sure they were comfortable and well taken care of.” Such social codes were set out in handbooks at the time, one of 6 , The Book of the Civilised Man, written in the early 14th century, was aimed at boys and young men — and, with advice 7 (tailor) to this audience, warned its young readers against “making bodily function jokes at the table”. Social conventions extended 8 the dining hall. When visiting someone’s house, for instance, it was considered fashionable to wash your hands on arrival, 9 that you didn’t bring dirt inside. Though this is one custom that is in line with us in the 21st century, others feel decidedly medieval: one book asks readers “to make sure you 10 (get) down from your horse before entering someone’s house”. Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．damaged   B．historic   C． reminisce     D．reminding     E. occasion F. personal    G. vast       H. addressing     I. ritual           J. center    K. theme In many countries, festive holidays are celebrated with special TV programs. In the US, the NFL schedules special games for Thanksgiving. In China, watching the CCTV gala is a part of New Year celebrations. In the UK, TV screens are graced by a somewhat less exciting but highly valued 11 on Christmas Day — a speech by Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II. In 2015 alone, the Queen's message pulled in 7.5 million viewers in total beating Downton Abbey’s (唐顿庄园) 6.9 million. The 12 majority across the UK and the Commonwealth are drawn to it not only because of the Queen's comforting words, but also because of the symbolic significance of the event itself, which is rooted in 13 meaning. In 1932, George V delivered the first Christmas message to his subjects of the British Empire by radio. Many were excited as they gathered round their wireless sets to listen to their king 14 them as part of one vast imperial family, but doing so in the privacy of their own homes. Since then, it has become the tradition for the monarch (君主) to deliver messages which 15 around the major global, national and personal issues of the past year and embody the spirit of Christmas by appealing for a harmonious society. Queen Elizabeth II delivered her first Christmas message in 1952. But far from being a message that is scripted by governmental advisers, the Queen’s message is a(n) 16 one written by the Queen herself. Thus, it is a rare 17 on which the public can hear of their queen's own views, experiences and concerns. It is also an opportunity for the Queen to speak directly to her subjects. Last year, the Queen’s message was recorded in the restored Windsor Castle once 18 in the big fire, and in her speech, the Queen recalled the famous Apollo 11 mission 50 years ago, 19 the whole nation that “giant leaps often start with small steps”. By joining together and listening to the Queen deliver her Christmas broadcast, audiences across the globe not only confirm their loyalty to the Queen, but also 20 about the past, cherish their families and give thanks to their neighbors. For many, the Queen’s message is more than just a televised speech; it is part of the national culture, symbolizing their national unity. II. Reading Comprehension (21 – 35题，每题1分；36 – 50题，每题2分；共45分) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Administrators of the Mogao Caves in Dunhuang, Gansu Province, are trying to harmonize tourists’ exploration of the site with the need to safeguard the murals (壁画), through innovative measures. Sandstorms, rainfall and tourist visits constitute the most severe 21 to the UNESCO World Heritage Site, said Wang Xiaowei, director of the Dunhuang Grottoes Monitoring Center at the Dunhuang Academy. Since the Mogao Caves opened to the public in 1979, the number of visitors has been 22 at an average annual rate of around 20 percent, reaching 2.15 million in 2019. “If you enter the caves during the 23 tourism months of July, August and September, you’ll find it hard to breathe,” Wang said. The carbon dioxide and moisture (潮气) breathed out by visitors increase inside the caves and cause damage to the murals, Wang said. To preserve the caves, the duration of visits is 24 and sometimes stopped during rain or dust storms. To ensure visitors aren’t 25 when restrictions are in place, the center provides a digital exhibition, he said. Currently, the center is being 26 to accommodate an additional 3,000 visitors on top of the existing capacity of 6,000. The Dunhuang Academy began 27 recording and storing images of murals and painted sculptures over 30 years ago. The digitization project has successfully 28 over 200 caves, with a dedicated team of 110 experts currently undertaking the work. “Digital technology not only serves cultural tourism but also 29 a historical record for future generations,” said Ding Xiaosheng, deputy director of the Institute of Cultural Heritage Digitization at the academy. Digitization also brings the wonders of the Mogao Caves to a 30 audience, according to Su Bomin, head of the Dunhuang Academy. “The Mogao Caves are 31 , and transporting them is impossible,” Su said. “However, with digitization, we can perfectly copy Dunhuang art exactly and show it worldwide, introducing Eastern culture to the world.” In 2016, the Digital Dunhuang went live, sharing high-definition images and 32 tours of the most beautiful 30 caves globally. Currently, visitors from 78 countries have 33 the murals, totaling over 16.8 million visits. Su said Dunhuang can 34 diverse cultural exchanges through its cultural relics (遗迹). “By digitizing these relics, we enable people worldwide to understand Dunhuang’s culture, thereby gaining a deeper appreciation for China’s historical 35 to diverse cultural exchanges — that is, an idea of inclusivity, mutual learning and a shared future,” he said. 21．A．shortages B．restrictions C．contributions D．threats 22．A．doubling B．growing C．continuing D．varying 23．A．cultural B．previous C．peak D．commercial 24．A．limited B．extended C．publicized D．concealed 25．A．confused B．amazed C．scared D．disappointed 26．A．expanded B．constructed C．decorated D．repaired 27．A．exclusively B．digitally C．subjectively D．autonomously 28．A．clarified B．highlighted C．covered D．strategized 29．A．comes across B．turns over C．leaves behind D．lets alone 30．A．global B．professional C．technological D．different 31．A．complicated B．irreproducible C．controversial D．immovable 32．A．virtual B．temporary C．conventional D．steady 33．A．imitated B．accessed C．praised D．purchased 34．A．reject B．provide C．adjust D．classify 35．A．adaptation B．attention C．admission D．commitment Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. A He had taken his final bite of dessert. This was it, the perfect moment to ask the most important question of our relationship. “Will you open a joint bank account with me?” He laughed, a surprised bark. This wasn’t how I had imagined this conversation going. In my head, he would have been charmed by my directness. Instead, he looked like I had just asked him for his kidney. When the waiter approached with the check, I felt my chest tighten. Here it was again, the moment that had been haunted me for years. This anxiety about paying started when I insisted on paying for everything. In my Chinese American family, paying for dinner is considered an honor, and my parents, aunts and uncles would threaten bodily harm to win that privilege. “Let go of the bill!” “I’ll kill you if you pay again!” I used to love this spectacle, betting with my cousins on who would win. My uncle had fast hands and the advantage of sitting closest to the aisle, but my aunt was cunning (狡猾的); she would intercept (拦截) the waiter before he even reached our table, slipping him her credit card while pretending to ask about the dessert menu. But on the drive home, I overheard my parents brainstorming other ways to pay my aunt back through groceries and clothes for her children. They explained that my aunt had just lost her job and couldn’t really afford that dinner. Everyone had let her “win” the bill to allow her to save face. I had it completely backward. Suddenly, I saw the elaborate system behind the chaos. Behind the bill wrestling was a tradition of care, ensuring everyone was looked after according to their circumstances. Years of watching my family fight to pay seeded in me a compulsion to always pick up the bill. Nevertheless, I couldn’t help feeling resentful (愤恨的) when my dates never fought back. Especially when I was laid off, I felt like no one was looking out for me the way my family had looked out for my aunt. I tried American dating customs: letting him pay, taking turns, going Dutch. But it all felt like trying to love an itchy (发痒的) sweater. Then I met Aodhán. Over dessert, I proposed a joint account. It would let either of us make the honorable gesture of fighting for the bill, while ensuring we were both cared for, no matter who “won”. But Aodhán sat there stunned. “I haven’t had a joint bank account since I was 10,” he said in his Irish accent, “with my mam”. We spent the next 20 minutes talking about the weather. I expected him to ghost me. To my surprise, he arranged our next date at Citibank. When the confused banker handed us our temporary debit cards with both our names, I felt something I hadn’t felt in years of dating: relief of knowing someone understood what mattered to me, even if he didn’t intuitively understand why. 36．Why did the author propose a joint account to Aodhán? A．To test his commitment to the relationship through his willingness to share finances. B．To adopt a modern financial approach commonly used in American relationships. C．To solve the practical problem of making expenses more reasonable for both parties. D．To create a system that preserved the gesture of caring while ensuring mutual support. 37．According to the passage, why did the author’s family let her aunt pay? A．Because her aunt grabbed the chance through a cunning interception. B．Because her aunt had bet money with the cousins and needed to win. C．Because her aunt had financial difficulties and needed to save face. D．Because it was her aunt’s turn to pay according to family rotation. 38．What did the author want to convey by saying “It all felt like trying to love an itchy (发痒的) sweater” in the 11th paragraph? A．After several dating setbacks, she was compelled to accept the new dating culture. B．These new customs could not make her comfortable despite her efforts to accept them. C．She gradually accepted American dating customs, though they were unfamiliar at first. D．The American customs seemed appealing at first glance but proved impossible to adapt to. 39．What is the central theme of the passage? A．The economic implications of maintaining cultural traditions in modern interpersonal relationships. B．The psychological burden of cultural inheritance and its impact on relations between different ethnic groups. C．A personal journey of navigating cultural conflicts by adapting familial culture to modern relationships. D．The importance of direct and honest communication in overcoming cultural barriers in relationships. B The Rio Carnival(狂欢节) What is it? The Rio de Janeiro carnival, held annually in the month of February, is a spectacular celebration of life that attracts millions of people onto the streets of the Brazilian city. The whole country stops to watch, either in the city itself or on the television. It is estimated that each year 700,000 visitors come to watch from all over the world. “Samba” schools The music played throughout the carnival procession is called the “samba”. Many participants belong to “samba” schools where they learn to dance and play the music which is so popular throughout Brazil. There are about 30 “samba” schools with thousands of members. They perform for four entire nights in a huge area called the “Sambadrome”. The schools take part in an official competition and the best of them is awarded a prize. Each school is assessed on its costumes, the theme of its performance and the quality of the music. Some “samba” schools hold street parties and perform in their local areas because many people cannot afford to buy a ticket for the official competition. The stars of the show Each school is led by a queen followed by hundreds of drummers and brightly decorated carnival vehicles. The Carnival Queens are the biggest stars and they are chosen from amongst the most beautiful women in each community. As well as beauty, the queen has to be very fit to lead her group of drummers on the slow procession through the streets of Rio. “Blocos” parades “Blocos” parades have become an important feature of Rio’s carnival in addition to the “samba” schools. These parades are less formal and include groups of musicians from the same neighborhood who just want to sing, dance and have a good time. Today, they number more than 100 and the groups increase each year. They all dress in costumes or T-shirts with special themes or logos. Before the show they gather in a square, then parade through sections of the city, before performing near to the beach. Some of them have a particular place such as a cafe where they play and dance to attract spectators. 40．Which of the following details illustates that the Rio de Janeiro carnival is the largest show in the world? A．It is usually held at the beginning of each year. B．The whole country stops to watch its live shows on TV. C．More than half a million visitors come for it every year. D．The city streets all over Brazil are crowded because of it. 41．What can be learned about Samba schools? A．They teach children to dance to the music of samba. B．They choose samba queens from people on the street. C．They collect money for those cannot afford a ticket. D．They usually give performances at night during the carnival. 42．“Blocos” parade are different from the samba schools in how _________ they are. A．popular B．formal C．unusual D．noisy C In the film Inside Out, 11-year-old Riley’s emotions are personified as brightly colored internal figures that drive her behaviors. The same five emotions—anger, fear, disgust (憎恶), sadness, and joy—appear in every other character’s head as well, functioning in much the same way in each individual. In Western cultures, this is the case, argues psychologist Batja Mesquita in Between Us. Emotions in such contexts, she writes, are considered “MINE,” or “Mental, INside the person, and Essentialist,” the latter defined in the book as always having the same properties. This conception of emotion is not universal, however. Emotions elsewhere, she argues, are thought of as “OURS”—“OUtside  the  person,  Relational,  and  Situated.”  Using  this  distinction,  Mesquita  sets  about contrasting emotions in “the West,” where the individual is the top concern, with “the Rest,” where community is prioritized. Mesquita describes amae as a central emotion in Japanese culture, where it builds interdependence by encouraging tolerance in parenting process. She describes hasham—which includes shame, embarrassment, and  social  respectability—as  a  fundamental  emotion  for  Egyptian Bedouins  (游牧人).  Such  observations provide a background for her to explore a range of issues, including childhood socialization, the nature of friendship, the role of language in shaping emotions, and cross-cultural communication in a globalized world. Despite  Mesquita’s  emphasis  on  cross-cultural  emotions,  there  is  little  discussion  of whether  the MINE-OURS dichotomy (二分法) accurately explains global cultural variation. Other scholars have noted, for example, that hunter-gatherer societies at the same time emphasize both individual self-government and social cooperation. And in an apparent contradiction to her earlier arguments, Mesquita herself ultimately concludes that Westerners have OURS emotions. Taken as a whole, however, the book contributes much to the discussion of the origins of emotions, presenting a remarkable collection of cross-cultural studies intermixed with personal stories about foreign residents’ struggles to reunite  diverse  emotional  and  social worlds.  In  chapter  8,  for  example,  Mesquita describes  an  incident  where  she—a  Dutch  native  living  in  the  United  States—bumped  into  the  famous American  psychologist  Hazel  Markus  at  a  conference  Markus  helped  organize.  Wishing  to  express understanding of Markus’s workload, Mesquita declared “You look a little tired.” The remark appeared to make Markus nervous and confused but was intended as an expression of sympathy—to sympathize in Dutch is to acknowledge suffering, not offer comfort as in the US. The book’s take-home message is fundamental: There are no natural emotions, no inborn emotions, no universal emotions. Mesquita argues that emotions are “meaning making” and “a preparation for action” and that the idea of “emotions as inner states” is a Western construct. Instead, she suggests that emotions are a “dance” cocreated between people who live in a specific cultural context at a particular historical moment. 43．In Between Us, Mesquita indicates that ______. A．the Japanese build kids’ emotion of shame in parenting B．MINE-OURS dichotomy is the very cause of cross-cultural emotions C．emotions outside “the West” are considered community-centred D．hunter-gatherers have both emotions of “OURS” and “MINE” 44．We can infer from the incident in paragraph 5 that ______. A．the emotion of sympathy is to offer help in Dutch culture B．foreign residents from different cultures usually unite as one C．as Dutch Mesquita shows her personality of warmth and caring D．cross-cultural emotional exchanges probably cause misunderstanding 45．What is Mesquita’s main argument about emotions in her book? A．Family education hardly influences one’s emotions. B．Sociocultural contexts largely contribute to emotions. C．Western people’s emotions have no properties of OURS. D．Internal factors play a vital role in shaping how we feel. 46．Which of the following is the best title of the passage? A．The cultural landscape of emotions B．The cultural origin of emotions C．The cultural convention of emotions D．The cultural shock of emotions Section C Directions: Read the following passages. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Keeping cool as a winter melon? After a heavy summer afternoon of picking vegetables in the garden, my daughter and I were hanging out on the couch. She had picked a particularly large cucumber and was really proud of it, telling me how cold it felt. Of course, the phrase “cool as a cucumber” came up. Then my cousin said something very interesting: “Oh, that must be an American thing. In China, we don’t use cucumbers. 47 ” “Wait, what?” I was obviously confused as to why melons would be hugged. But then my cousin explained that long before modern cooling devices like air conditioners or electric fans, hugging winter melon, a vegetable native to China, was a practical way to beat the summer heat while sleeping. 48 Winter melons, with their massive size and thick skin, retain (保持) a cool temperature even in hot weather. Often stored in cool places, they absorb and retain up to 96 percent water, which means they resist heating up quickly, staying refreshingly cool to the touch even on the hottest days. Back then, for ordinary people, a winter melon could double as a natural cooling pad to which the body transferred excess heat to, providing relief from sticky, uncomfortable nights. This practice endures because many believe it’s a gentler, more natural alternative to modern cooling methods. 49 And compared to fans, which blow air directly onto the body, the melon’s coolness is passive and gentle. And yes, winter melons are used for more than just hugs. In Chinese cuisine, they’re often used in dishes as they absorb the flavours of soups and seasonings, making them a common addition to soups. 50 Also, in traditional Chinese medicine, they’re valued for their cooling properties, which are thought to help balance the body’s internal heat. To find a full-sized, whole winter melon to hug, head to a farmers’ market. There, you’ll surely find one that holds enough coolness to make this ancient trick feel just as effective today as it was centuries ago. A．In ancient times, you hugged cucumbers to stay cool, which was a common practice. B．The reasoning behind it is rooted in the melon’s physical properties. C．Their mildness balances rich ingredients — winter melon and pork soup is a classic example. D．Therefore, I had to look into the agricultural practice further through a quick online search. E．Unlike air conditioners, a winter melon provides a mild coolness that’s less likely to cause discomfort for kids. F．We hug winter melons to stay cool on hot summer days. III. Summary Writing (10分) 51．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Psychologists tell us that there are four basic stages that human beings pass through when they enter and live in a new culture. This process, which helps us to deal with culture shock, is the way our brain and our personality react to the strange new things we meet when we move from one culture to another. If our culture involves bowing when we greet someone, we may feel very uncomfortable in a culture that does not involve bowing. Culture shock begins with the “honeymoon stage”. This is the period of time when we first arrive in a new culture where everything is strange and exciting. We may be suffering from “jet lag” but we are thrilled to be in the new environment, seeing new sights, hearing new sounds and eating new kinds of food. Unfortunately, the second stage of culture shock can be more difficult. After we have settled down into our new life, working or studying, buying groceries, doing laundry, or living with a homestay family, we can become very tired and begin to miss our homeland. All the little problems in life seem to be much bigger when you face them in a foreign culture. This period of cultural adjustment can be very difficult and lead to the new arrival rejecting or pulling away from the new culture. The third stage of culture shock happens when you begin to realize that things are not so bad in the host culture. Your sense of humor usually becomes stronger and you realize that you are becoming stronger by learning to take care of yourself in the new place. Things are still difficult, but you are now a survivor! The fourth stage can be called ”at ease at last“. Now you feel quite comfortable in your new surroundings. You can deal with most problems that occur. You may still have problems with the language, but you know you are strong enough to deal with them. If you meet someone from your country who has just arrived, you can be the expert on life in the new culture and help them to deal with their culture shock. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ IV. Translation (第1-2句，每句3分；第3句，4分；第4句5分；共15分) 52．老年人晚上不要喝浓茶，以免睡不着。(in case) (汉译英) ____________________________________________ 53．这位退休教师的快乐秘诀在于她把自我关爱放在首位。(consist) ____________________________________________________________________ 54．经过两年的修复，这家影院配备了一流的设施，如今焕然一新。（equip）（汉译英） ____________________________________________ 55．有证据表明，屏幕时间过长会损害专注力，但也有人认为这些问题往往源于不良习惯，可以通过调整行为来纠正。（undo）（汉译英） ____________________________________________ V.Guided Writing (共25分) 56．Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 上海市为了更好地向年轻人推广本地文化，计划启动一个重点项目，现就方案选择征求市民意见：选择一、在上海文化中心举办大型青年艺术节；选择二：在学校和社区开展一系列传统文化工作坊。假设你是实验中学的学生王梓，请你给主管部门写一封信表达你的想法。你的信必须包括： 1. 你写信的目的及你的选择； 2. 你的理由。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 1 Across the globe单元测试·提升卷 （考试时间：90分钟 试卷满分：115分） （参考答案） 1．dating 2．were prized 3．that 4．more intimate 5．to avoid 6．which 7．tailored 8．beyond 9．so 10．get 11．I 12．G 13．B 14．H 15．J 16．F 17．E 18．A 19．D 20．C 21．D 22．B 23．C 24．A 25．D 26．A 27．B 28．C 29．C 30．A 31．D 32．A 33．B 34．B 35．D 36．D 37．C 38．B 39．C 40．C 41．D 42．B 43．C 44．D 45．B 46．A 47．F 48．B 49．E 50．C 51．According to psychologists, four stages are involved in the process of living in a new culture. Honeymoon stage is the beginning when we feel excited to enter a new culture. The second stage is where we struggle to make adjustments. Next, we manage to survive in the new culture. The last stage is when we can feel at ease. 52．The elderly shouldn’t drink strong tea at night in case they can’t fall asleep. 53．The retired teacher’s happiness consists in that she puts caring for herself first. 54．After two years of renovation, this cinema has been equipped with first-class facilities and looks completely new now. 55．There is evidence that excessive screen time harms concentration, but some people believe that these issues often stem from bad habits and can be undone by adjusting behavior. 56．Dear Sir or Madam, I am Wang Zi, a student from Experimental Middle School, writing to express my support for the second option —launching a series of traditional culture workshops in schools and communities — to promote Shanghai’s local culture among young people. Firstly, workshops offer interactive experiences that fit young people’s learning habits. Unlike large-scale art festivals where participation is limited, workshops allow us to practice skills like Shanghai opera singing or paper-cutting firsthand, deepening our understanding of local culture. Secondly, schools and communities are accessible to most young people, ensuring wider coverage. Many students and residents can join without long-distance travel, making cultural promotion more inclusive. Lastly, continuous workshops can build long-term interest, as repeated engagement helps us truly appreciate the charm of Shanghai’s traditions. I believe this option will effectively connect young people with local culture. Thank you for considering my suggestion. Yours sincerely, Wang Zi 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 1 Across the globe单元自测·提升卷 （考试时间：90分钟 试卷满分：115分） 注意事项： 1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。 3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 4．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 I. Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分） Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Medieval (中世纪的) manners While I was growing up, “keep your elbows (肘) off the table” was a common remark at dinner time. But, as I learned in our recent podcast episode with medieval historian and author Cybulskie, such remarks have a long history — 1 (date) all the way back to the Middle Ages. In the medieval period, manners proved more important than today and 2 (prize) particularly by social climbers, because a firm grasp of manners was a way of standing out from the crowd: “It showed you were worldly and educated, and ready to hang out with the most important people of the day.” But what would have ingratiated (讨好) you with a medieval host, and what kinds of social faux pas (失礼) would have ensured 3 you were never invited back? Practising good hygiene was key, particularly when it came to the dinner table. In this era, dining was a much 4 (intimate) experience, according to Cybulskie, than it is today. When sharing a meal with a dining partner, you would also be sharing cups and plates. “Don’t blow your nose at the table, or wipe your face on the tablecloth,” Cybulskie advised. As well as listing some behaviour 5 (avoid), Cybulskie shared tips on how to be an attentive dining partner. “You would want to give the best portions of food to your partner at the table,” she said, “and make sure they were comfortable and well taken care of.” Such social codes were set out in handbooks at the time, one of 6 , The Book of the Civilised Man, written in the early 14th century, was aimed at boys and young men — and, with advice 7 (tailor) to this audience, warned its young readers against “making bodily function jokes at the table”. Social conventions extended 8 the dining hall. When visiting someone’s house, for instance, it was considered fashionable to wash your hands on arrival, 9 that you didn’t bring dirt inside. Though this is one custom that is in line with us in the 21st century, others feel decidedly medieval: one book asks readers “to make sure you 10 (get) down from your horse before entering someone’s house”. 【答案】 1．dating 2．were prized 3．that 4．more intimate 5．to avoid 6．which 7．tailored 8．beyond 9．so 10．get 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。作者主要分享了自己从中世纪历史学家和作家Cybulskie最近的播客节目中了解到的一些中世纪的社交礼仪和用餐规则。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：但是，正如我从中世纪历史学家和作家Cybulskie最近的播客节目中了解到的那样，这样的言论历史悠久，可以一直追溯到中世纪。分析句子可知，句子已有谓语动词have，空处是非谓语动词，date back to“追溯到”和such remarks逻辑上是主动关系，应用date的现在分词形式作状语。故填dating。 2．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：在中世纪时期，礼仪被证实比今天更重要，尤其受到想挤入上流社会者的高度重视，因为牢牢掌握礼仪是一种从人群中脱颖而出的方式。分析句子可知，空处作句子的谓语，根据“In the medieval period”和“proved”可知，此处叙述过去发生的事情，时态为一般过去时，prize“珍视，高度重视”和主语manners之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且主语是复数，be动词应用were。故填were prized。 3．考查宾语从句。句意：但是，怎样才能取悦一个中世纪的主人呢？什么样的社交失礼会确保你永远不会被邀请回来呢？分析句子可知，空处引导名词性从句作ensured的宾语，宾语从句的成分和语义均完整，应用连接词that作引导词。故填that。 4．考查形容词比较级。句意：据Cybulskie说，在那个时代，用餐是一种比现在亲密得多的体验。根据“much”和“than it is today”可知，此处是在进行比较，空处应用intimate的比较级形式。故填more intimate。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：除了列出一些应该避免的行为，Cybulskie还分享了如何成为一个细心的用餐伙伴的建议。分析句子可知，空处是修饰behaviour的后置定语，behaviour是avoid“避免”行为的承受对象，且此处强调的是人们在用餐时应该避免一些行为，因此用avoid的不定式形式，主动形式表被动。故填to avoid。 6．考查定语从句。句意：这样的社会规范在当时被写进了手册中，其中一本写于14世纪早期的《文明人之书》是针对男孩和年轻人的，并为这些读者提供了量身定制的建议，警告年轻读者不要“在餐桌上开身体功能的玩笑”。分析句子可知，空处和空前的one of搭配，形成“代词+of+关系代词”的结构，引导非限制性定语从句，先行词handbooks指物，因此应用关系代词which。故填which。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：这样的社会规范在当时被写进了手册中，其中一本写于14世纪早期的《文明人之书》是针对男孩和年轻人的，并为这些读者提供了量身定制的建议，警告年轻读者不要“在餐桌上开身体功能的玩笑”。分析句子可知，此处用with的复合结构，空处为宾语补足语，tailor“定制”和逻辑主语advice是动宾关系，应用tailor的过去分词形式。故填tailored。 8．考查介词。句意：社会习俗延伸到餐厅之外。根据“extended”和“the dining hall”可推知，此处用动词短语extend beyond表示“超出，延伸至更远的范围或时间”。故填beyond。 9．考查状语从句。句意：例如，去别人家做客时，一进门就洗手被认为是一种时尚，这样你就不会把尘土带进去。“不会把尘土带进去”是“一进门就洗手”的结果，结合空后的“that”可推知，此处用固定结构so that“因此”引导结果状语从句。故填so。 10．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：虽然这是一个符合我们21世纪的习俗，但其他习俗则明显是中世纪的：一本书要求读者“在进入别人的房子之前一定要从马上下来”。分析句子可知，空处作宾语从句的谓语，结合“asks”可知，此处是从这本书的角度描述通常性的事实，时态应用一般现在时，且主语为you，get应保持原形。故填get。 Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．damaged   B．historic   C． reminisce     D．reminding     E. occasion F. personal    G. vast       H. addressing     I. ritual           J. center    K. theme In many countries, festive holidays are celebrated with special TV programs. In the US, the NFL schedules special games for Thanksgiving. In China, watching the CCTV gala is a part of New Year celebrations. In the UK, TV screens are graced by a somewhat less exciting but highly valued 11 on Christmas Day — a speech by Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II. In 2015 alone, the Queen's message pulled in 7.5 million viewers in total beating Downton Abbey’s (唐顿庄园) 6.9 million. The 12 majority across the UK and the Commonwealth are drawn to it not only because of the Queen's comforting words, but also because of the symbolic significance of the event itself, which is rooted in 13 meaning. In 1932, George V delivered the first Christmas message to his subjects of the British Empire by radio. Many were excited as they gathered round their wireless sets to listen to their king 14 them as part of one vast imperial family, but doing so in the privacy of their own homes. Since then, it has become the tradition for the monarch (君主) to deliver messages which 15 around the major global, national and personal issues of the past year and embody the spirit of Christmas by appealing for a harmonious society. Queen Elizabeth II delivered her first Christmas message in 1952. But far from being a message that is scripted by governmental advisers, the Queen’s message is a(n) 16 one written by the Queen herself. Thus, it is a rare 17 on which the public can hear of their queen's own views, experiences and concerns. It is also an opportunity for the Queen to speak directly to her subjects. Last year, the Queen’s message was recorded in the restored Windsor Castle once 18 in the big fire, and in her speech, the Queen recalled the famous Apollo 11 mission 50 years ago, 19 the whole nation that “giant leaps often start with small steps”. By joining together and listening to the Queen deliver her Christmas broadcast, audiences across the globe not only confirm their loyalty to the Queen, but also 20 about the past, cherish their families and give thanks to their neighbors. For many, the Queen’s message is more than just a televised speech; it is part of the national culture, symbolizing their national unity. 【答案】 11．I 12．G 13．B 14．H 15．J 16．F 17．E 18．A 19．D 20．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。英国圣诞期间女王的演讲是极具价值的传统活动，受众广泛，源于其历史意义与个人属性，兼具文化象征与凝聚国民的作用。 11． 考查名词。句意：在英国，圣诞节当天的电视屏幕上会出现一个虽不那么令人兴奋但极具价值的仪式——英国女王伊丽莎白二世的演讲。分析句子结构可知，此空应填名词作宾语，结合语境“女王圣诞演讲”是长期延续的传统活动，ritual，表“仪式；惯例”，符合语义，且与后文“become the tradition”呼应。故选I。 12．考查形容词。句意：英国及英联邦国家的绝大多数人被它吸引，不仅因为女王令人安心的话语，还因为这一事件本身的象征意义，而这种意义植根于历史内涵之中。分析句子结构可知，此空应填形容词修饰名词majority，vast，表“巨大的；大量的”，构成“vast majority(绝大多数)”的固定搭配，符合“受众广泛”的语境。故选G。 13．考查形容词。句意：英国及英联邦国家的绝大多数人被它吸引，不仅因为女王令人安心的话语，还因为这一事件本身的象征意义，而这种意义植根于历史内涵之中。分析句子结构可知，此空应填形容词修饰名词meaning，结合前文“1932年首次演讲”的背景，historic，表“历史的；具有历史意义的”，符合“植根于历史”的语义。故选B。 14．考查动词。句意：许多人兴奋地围在收音机旁，聆听国王将他们称作庞大帝国大家庭的一员，而这一切都发生在自己家中的私密空间里。分析句子结构可知，此空应填现在分词作宾语补足语，“listen to sb. doing sth.”，为固定搭配，address，表“称呼；向……致辞”，符合“国王对民众说话”的语境，逻辑上与“subjects(臣民)”呼应。故选H。 15．考查动词。句意：从那以后，君主发表演讲成为传统，演讲围绕过去一年的重大全球、国家及个人议题展开，并通过呼吁和谐社会来体现圣诞精神。分析句子结构可知，此空应填动词作定语从句的谓语，center around，表“围绕……展开”，为固定短语，符合“演讲聚焦各类议题”的语义，主语为复数“messages”，且陈述客观传统，用动词原形。故选J。 16．考查形容词。句意：但女王的演讲绝非由政府顾问撰写的脚本，而是由女王亲自执笔的个人演讲。分析句子结构可知，此空应填形容词修饰名词one(指代 message)，与“scripted by governmental advisers”形成对比，personal，表“个人的；私人的”，符合“女王亲自撰写”的语境。故选F。 17．考查名词。句意：因此，这是一个罕见的场合，公众可以听到女王自己的观点、经历和关切。分析句子结构可知，此空应填名词作表语，“on which”引导定语从句修饰该名词，occasion，表“场合；时机”，符合“公众了解女王个人想法的难得机会”的语义。故选E。 18．考查动词过去分词。句意：去年，女王的演讲是在修复后的温莎城堡录制的，这座城堡曾在大火中受损，在演讲中，女王回顾了50年前著名的阿波罗11号任务，提醒全国人民“巨大的飞跃往往始于微小的步伐”。分析句子结构可知，此空应填过去分词作后置定语修饰“Windsor Castle”，结合“restored(修复的)”可推知城堡曾遭破坏，damaged，表“受损的”符合语义。故选A。 19．考查动词。句意：去年，女王的演讲是在修复后的温莎城堡录制的，这座城堡曾在大火中受损，在演讲中，女王回顾了50年前著名的阿波罗11号任务，提醒全国人民“巨大的飞跃往往始于微小的步伐”。分析句子结构可知，此空应填现在分词作伴随状语，主语“the Queen”与该动作为主谓关系，reminding，表“提醒；使想起”，符合“演讲传递启示”的语境，且“remind sb. that...”为常用搭配。故选D。 20．考查动词。句意：通过聚在一起聆听女王的圣诞广播，全球观众不仅确认了对女王的忠诚，还追忆过去、珍惜家人、感谢邻里。分析句子结构可知，此空应填动词与“confirm”、“cherish”和“give thanks” 构成并列谓语，reminisce about，表“追忆；缅怀”，为固定短语，符合“回顾过去”的语义，且与前文“recalled the famous Apollo 11 mission”形成呼应，用动词原形。故选C。 II. Reading Comprehension (21 – 35题，每题1分；36 – 50题，每题2分；共45分) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Administrators of the Mogao Caves in Dunhuang, Gansu Province, are trying to harmonize tourists’ exploration of the site with the need to safeguard the murals (壁画), through innovative measures. Sandstorms, rainfall and tourist visits constitute the most severe 21 to the UNESCO World Heritage Site, said Wang Xiaowei, director of the Dunhuang Grottoes Monitoring Center at the Dunhuang Academy. Since the Mogao Caves opened to the public in 1979, the number of visitors has been 22 at an average annual rate of around 20 percent, reaching 2.15 million in 2019. “If you enter the caves during the 23 tourism months of July, August and September, you’ll find it hard to breathe,” Wang said. The carbon dioxide and moisture (潮气) breathed out by visitors increase inside the caves and cause damage to the murals, Wang said. To preserve the caves, the duration of visits is 24 and sometimes stopped during rain or dust storms. To ensure visitors aren’t 25 when restrictions are in place, the center provides a digital exhibition, he said. Currently, the center is being 26 to accommodate an additional 3,000 visitors on top of the existing capacity of 6,000. The Dunhuang Academy began 27 recording and storing images of murals and painted sculptures over 30 years ago. The digitization project has successfully 28 over 200 caves, with a dedicated team of 110 experts currently undertaking the work. “Digital technology not only serves cultural tourism but also 29 a historical record for future generations,” said Ding Xiaosheng, deputy director of the Institute of Cultural Heritage Digitization at the academy. Digitization also brings the wonders of the Mogao Caves to a 30 audience, according to Su Bomin, head of the Dunhuang Academy. “The Mogao Caves are 31 , and transporting them is impossible,” Su said. “However, with digitization, we can perfectly copy Dunhuang art exactly and show it worldwide, introducing Eastern culture to the world.” In 2016, the Digital Dunhuang went live, sharing high-definition images and 32 tours of the most beautiful 30 caves globally. Currently, visitors from 78 countries have 33 the murals, totaling over 16.8 million visits. Su said Dunhuang can 34 diverse cultural exchanges through its cultural relics (遗迹). “By digitizing these relics, we enable people worldwide to understand Dunhuang’s culture, thereby gaining a deeper appreciation for China’s historical 35 to diverse cultural exchanges — that is, an idea of inclusivity, mutual learning and a shared future,” he said. 21．A．shortages B．restrictions C．contributions D．threats 22．A．doubling B．growing C．continuing D．varying 23．A．cultural B．previous C．peak D．commercial 24．A．limited B．extended C．publicized D．concealed 25．A．confused B．amazed C．scared D．disappointed 26．A．expanded B．constructed C．decorated D．repaired 27．A．exclusively B．digitally C．subjectively D．autonomously 28．A．clarified B．highlighted C．covered D．strategized 29．A．comes across B．turns over C．leaves behind D．lets alone 30．A．global B．professional C．technological D．different 31．A．complicated B．irreproducible C．controversial D．immovable 32．A．virtual B．temporary C．conventional D．steady 33．A．imitated B．accessed C．praised D．purchased 34．A．reject B．provide C．adjust D．classify 35．A．adaptation B．attention C．admission D．commitment 【答案】 21．D 22．B 23．C 24．A 25．D 26．A 27．B 28．C 29．C 30．A 31．D 32．A 33．B 34．B 35．D 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要报道了敦煌莫高窟的管理人员正试图通过创新措施，既可以让游客探索该遗址又可以保护其壁画。 21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：敦煌研究院敦煌石窟监测中心主任王小伟表示，沙尘暴、降雨和游客的到访是对这一联合国教科文组织世界遗产最严重的威胁。A. shortages短缺；B. restrictions限制；C. contributions贡献；D. threats威胁。根据空格前的“Sandstorms, rainfall and tourist visits”以及常识可知，沙尘暴、降雨和游客参观这些因素会对文化遗产构成威胁。故选D项。 22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：自1979年莫高窟向公众开放以来，游客数量以年均20%左右的速度增长，2019年达到215万人次。A. doubling使加倍；B. growing增加；C. continuing继续；D. varying变化。根据空格后的“at an average annual rate of around 20 percent, reaching 2.15 million in 2019”和该段最后一句“The carbon dioxide and moisture (潮气) breathed out by visitors increase inside the caves and cause damage to the murals”可知，此处表示游客的数量在增加。故选B项。 23．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“如果你在旅游高峰的7、8、9月份进入洞穴，你会发现呼吸困难，”王说。A. cultural文化的；B. previous先前的；C. peak高峰时期的；D. commercial商业的。根据下文的“you’ll find it hard to breathe”和该段最后一句“The carbon dioxide and moisture (潮气) breathed out by visitors increase inside the caves and cause damage to the murals, Wang said.”以及常识可知，只有在旅游高峰期，游客变多时，人们才会出现呼吸困难的情况，人们呼出的潮气才会增加。故选C项。 24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了保护洞穴，参观的时间是有限的，有时在下雨或沙尘暴期间停止。A. limited限制；B. extended延伸；C. publicized公布，公开；D. concealed隐藏。根据上文的“To preserve the caves”可知，此处表示为了保护洞穴，对参观的时间进行了限制。故选A项。 25．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他说，为了确保游客在限制措施实施时不会失望，该中心提供了一个数字展览。A. confused困惑的；B. amazed惊奇的；C. scared害怕的；D. disappointed失望的。根据下文的“when restrictions are in place, the center provides a digital exhibition”可知，在游览时间受限制时，为游客提供数字展览，这是为了不让游客失望。故选D项。 26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：目前，该中心正在扩建，在现有6000名游客的基础上再容纳3000名游客。A. expanded扩展；B. constructed建造；C. decorated装饰；D. repaired修复。根据下文的“accommodate an additional 3,000 visitors on top of the existing capacity of 6,000”可知，此处表示通过扩建，使得可容纳游客的数量再增加3000人。故选A项。 27．考查副词词义辨析。句意：30多年前，敦煌研究院开始对壁画和彩绘雕塑的图像进行数字化记录和存储。A. exclusively单独地，仅仅；B. digitally数字地；C. subjectively主观地；D. autonomously自主地。根据下文的“recording and storing images of murals and painted sculptures”和“The digitization project”可知，此处指的是进行数字化记录和存储。故选B项。 28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：该数字化项目已经成功覆盖了200多个洞穴，目前有110名专家负责这项工作。A. clarified澄清；B. highlighted突出显示，强调；C. covered覆盖，包括；D. strategized制定战略。根据上文的“recording and storing images of murals and painted sculptures”和“The digitization project”可知，此处指的是数字化项目覆盖的洞穴。故选C项。 29．考查动词短语辨析。句意：中科院文化遗产数字化研究所副所长丁晓生表示：“数字技术不仅为文化旅游服务，还为后代留下了一份历史记录。A. comes across遇到；B. turns over翻转；C. leaves behind留下；D. lets alone更不用说。根据下文的“for future generations”可知，此处指的是为后代留下一份历史记录。故选C项。 30．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：据敦煌研究院院长苏伯民介绍，数字化还将莫高窟的奇观带给了全球观众。A. global全球的；B. professional专业的；C. technological技术的；D. different不同的。根据该段最后一句“However, with digitization, we can perfectly copy Dunhuang art exactly and show it worldwide, introducing Eastern culture to the world.(然而，通过数字化，我们可以完美地复制敦煌艺术并在世界范围内展示，将东方文化介绍给世界)”可知，数字化将莫高窟的奇观带给了全球观众。故选A项。 31．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“莫高窟是不可移动的，运输它们是不可能的，”苏说。A. complicated复杂的；B. irreproducible不能复制的；C. controversial有争议的；D. immovable不可移动的。根据下文的“transporting them is impossible”以及常识可知，莫高窟是不可能移动的。故选D项。 32．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：2016年，数字敦煌上线，分享了全球最美丽的30个洞穴的高清图像和虚拟之旅。A. virtual虚拟的；B. temporary临时的；C. conventional常规的；D. steady稳定的。根据上文的“In 2016, the Digital Dunhuang went live, sharing high-definition images”可知，数字敦煌上线，提供的是虚拟旅行。故选A项。 33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：目前，来自78个国家的游客参观了这些壁画，共计超过1680万人次。A. imitated模仿；B. accessed访问；C. praised赞美；D. purchased购买。根据上文的“In 2016, the Digital Dunhuang went live, sharing high-definition images and 　12　tours of the most beautiful 30 caves globally.”可知，数字敦煌上线，提供了虚拟旅行，其他国家的游客在网上就可以参观莫高窟的壁画。故选B项。 34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：苏说，敦煌可以通过其遗迹提供多样化的文化交流。A. reject拒绝；B. provide提供；C. adjust调整；D. classify分类。根据下文的“By digitizing these relics, we enable people worldwide to understand Dunhuang’s culture, thereby gaining a deeper appreciation for China’s historical 　15　 to diverse cultural exchanges”可知，敦煌通过其遗迹提供了多样化的文化交流，让全世界的人了解敦煌文化。故选B项。 35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他说：“通过将这些遗迹数字化，我们可以让世界人民了解敦煌文化，从而更深刻地理解中国在历史上致力于多元文化交流的理念，即包容、互学、共享命运。”A. adaptation适应；B. attention注意；C. admission承认，供认；D. commitment投入，奉献。根据下文的“that is, an idea of inclusivity, mutual learning and a shared future”可知，此处指的是中国一直致力于多元文化的交流。故选D项。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. A He had taken his final bite of dessert. This was it, the perfect moment to ask the most important question of our relationship. “Will you open a joint bank account with me?” He laughed, a surprised bark. This wasn’t how I had imagined this conversation going. In my head, he would have been charmed by my directness. Instead, he looked like I had just asked him for his kidney. When the waiter approached with the check, I felt my chest tighten. Here it was again, the moment that had been haunted me for years. This anxiety about paying started when I insisted on paying for everything. In my Chinese American family, paying for dinner is considered an honor, and my parents, aunts and uncles would threaten bodily harm to win that privilege. “Let go of the bill!” “I’ll kill you if you pay again!” I used to love this spectacle, betting with my cousins on who would win. My uncle had fast hands and the advantage of sitting closest to the aisle, but my aunt was cunning (狡猾的); she would intercept (拦截) the waiter before he even reached our table, slipping him her credit card while pretending to ask about the dessert menu. But on the drive home, I overheard my parents brainstorming other ways to pay my aunt back through groceries and clothes for her children. They explained that my aunt had just lost her job and couldn’t really afford that dinner. Everyone had let her “win” the bill to allow her to save face. I had it completely backward. Suddenly, I saw the elaborate system behind the chaos. Behind the bill wrestling was a tradition of care, ensuring everyone was looked after according to their circumstances. Years of watching my family fight to pay seeded in me a compulsion to always pick up the bill. Nevertheless, I couldn’t help feeling resentful (愤恨的) when my dates never fought back. Especially when I was laid off, I felt like no one was looking out for me the way my family had looked out for my aunt. I tried American dating customs: letting him pay, taking turns, going Dutch. But it all felt like trying to love an itchy (发痒的) sweater. Then I met Aodhán. Over dessert, I proposed a joint account. It would let either of us make the honorable gesture of fighting for the bill, while ensuring we were both cared for, no matter who “won”. But Aodhán sat there stunned. “I haven’t had a joint bank account since I was 10,” he said in his Irish accent, “with my mam”. We spent the next 20 minutes talking about the weather. I expected him to ghost me. To my surprise, he arranged our next date at Citibank. When the confused banker handed us our temporary debit cards with both our names, I felt something I hadn’t felt in years of dating: relief of knowing someone understood what mattered to me, even if he didn’t intuitively understand why. 36．Why did the author propose a joint account to Aodhán? A．To test his commitment to the relationship through his willingness to share finances. B．To adopt a modern financial approach commonly used in American relationships. C．To solve the practical problem of making expenses more reasonable for both parties. D．To create a system that preserved the gesture of caring while ensuring mutual support. 37．According to the passage, why did the author’s family let her aunt pay? A．Because her aunt grabbed the chance through a cunning interception. B．Because her aunt had bet money with the cousins and needed to win. C．Because her aunt had financial difficulties and needed to save face. D．Because it was her aunt’s turn to pay according to family rotation. 38．What did the author want to convey by saying “It all felt like trying to love an itchy (发痒的) sweater” in the 11th paragraph? A．After several dating setbacks, she was compelled to accept the new dating culture. B．These new customs could not make her comfortable despite her efforts to accept them. C．She gradually accepted American dating customs, though they were unfamiliar at first. D．The American customs seemed appealing at first glance but proved impossible to adapt to. 39．What is the central theme of the passage? A．The economic implications of maintaining cultural traditions in modern interpersonal relationships. B．The psychological burden of cultural inheritance and its impact on relations between different ethnic groups. C．A personal journey of navigating cultural conflicts by adapting familial culture to modern relationships. D．The importance of direct and honest communication in overcoming cultural barriers in relationships. 【答案】36．D 37．C 38．B 39．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者受华裔家庭文化影响，习惯抢着买单，在与男友约会时提出开联名账户以保留关怀姿态并确保相互支持，最终男友理解并接受这一想法的故事。 36．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中“It would let either of us make the honorable gesture of fighting for the bill, while ensuring we were both cared for, no matter who “won”.(它将让我们中的任何一方都能做出为账单而战的体面姿态，同时确保我们都能得到照顾，无论谁“赢”。)”可知，作者向Aodhán提出开联名账户是为了创建一个既能保留关怀姿态又能确保相互支持的系统。故选D。 37．细节理解题。根据第八段中“They explained that my aunt had just lost her job and couldn’t really afford that dinner. Everyone had let her “win” the bill to allow her to save face.(他们解释说，我姑姑刚丢了工作，实在负担不起那顿饭。每个人都让她“买单”是为了让她保全面子。)”可知，作者的家人让姑姑买单是因为姑姑经济困难，需要保全面子。故选C。 38．推理判断题。根据倒数第四段中“I tried American dating customs: letting him pay, taking turns, going Dutch. But it all felt like trying to love an itchy (发痒的) sweater.(我尝试了美国的约会习俗：让他付钱，轮流，AA制。但这一切都像是爱上了一件发痒的毛衣。)”可知，作者尝试了美国的约会习俗，但这些习俗让她感到不舒服，就像爱上了一件发痒的毛衣一样，即尽管她努力接受这些新习俗，但它们并不能让她感到舒适。故选B。 39．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是倒数第四段中“It would let either of us make the honorable gesture of fighting for the bill, while ensuring we were both cared for, no matter who “won”.(它将让我们中的任何一方都能做出为账单而战的体面姿态，同时确保我们都能得到照顾，无论谁“赢”。)”可知，文章主要讲述了作者受华裔家庭文化影响，习惯抢着买单，在与男友约会时提出开联名账户以保留关怀姿态并确保相互支持，最终男友理解并接受这一想法的故事。这是一段个人在适应家庭文化与现代关系之间冲突的旅程，即通过使家庭文化适应现代关系来驾驭文化冲突的个人旅程。故选C。 B The Rio Carnival(狂欢节) What is it? The Rio de Janeiro carnival, held annually in the month of February, is a spectacular celebration of life that attracts millions of people onto the streets of the Brazilian city. The whole country stops to watch, either in the city itself or on the television. It is estimated that each year 700,000 visitors come to watch from all over the world. “Samba” schools The music played throughout the carnival procession is called the “samba”. Many participants belong to “samba” schools where they learn to dance and play the music which is so popular throughout Brazil. There are about 30 “samba” schools with thousands of members. They perform for four entire nights in a huge area called the “Sambadrome”. The schools take part in an official competition and the best of them is awarded a prize. Each school is assessed on its costumes, the theme of its performance and the quality of the music. Some “samba” schools hold street parties and perform in their local areas because many people cannot afford to buy a ticket for the official competition. The stars of the show Each school is led by a queen followed by hundreds of drummers and brightly decorated carnival vehicles. The Carnival Queens are the biggest stars and they are chosen from amongst the most beautiful women in each community. As well as beauty, the queen has to be very fit to lead her group of drummers on the slow procession through the streets of Rio. “Blocos” parades “Blocos” parades have become an important feature of Rio’s carnival in addition to the “samba” schools. These parades are less formal and include groups of musicians from the same neighborhood who just want to sing, dance and have a good time. Today, they number more than 100 and the groups increase each year. They all dress in costumes or T-shirts with special themes or logos. Before the show they gather in a square, then parade through sections of the city, before performing near to the beach. Some of them have a particular place such as a cafe where they play and dance to attract spectators. 40．Which of the following details illustates that the Rio de Janeiro carnival is the largest show in the world? A．It is usually held at the beginning of each year. B．The whole country stops to watch its live shows on TV. C．More than half a million visitors come for it every year. D．The city streets all over Brazil are crowded because of it. 41．What can be learned about Samba schools? A．They teach children to dance to the music of samba. B．They choose samba queens from people on the street. C．They collect money for those cannot afford a ticket. D．They usually give performances at night during the carnival. 42．“Blocos” parade are different from the samba schools in how _________ they are. A．popular B．formal C．unusual D．noisy 【答案】40．C 41．D 42．B 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了里约热内卢的狂欢节的情况。 40．细节理解题。根据第一段中“It is estimated that each year 700,000 visitors come to watch from all over the world.(据估计，每年有70万来自世界各地的游客前来观看)”可知，C选项“每年有超过50万的游客来参观”说明了里约热内卢de Janeiro狂欢节是世界上最大的表演。故选C。 41．细节理解题。根据第二段中“They perform for four entire nights in a huge area called the “Sambadrome”. (他们在一个被称为“桑巴罗马”的大地方表演了整整四个晚上)”可知，他们通常在狂欢节的晚上表演。故选D。 42．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“These parades are less formal and include groups of musicians from the same neighborhood who just want to sing, dance and have a good time.(这些游行不那么正式，有来自同一社区的音乐家团体，他们只是想唱歌、跳舞，享受美好时光)”可知，“Blocos”游行在正式程度上不同于桑巴舞学校。故选B。 C In the film Inside Out, 11-year-old Riley’s emotions are personified as brightly colored internal figures that drive her behaviors. The same five emotions—anger, fear, disgust (憎恶), sadness, and joy—appear in every other character’s head as well, functioning in much the same way in each individual. In Western cultures, this is the case, argues psychologist Batja Mesquita in Between Us. Emotions in such contexts, she writes, are considered “MINE,” or “Mental, INside the person, and Essentialist,” the latter defined in the book as always having the same properties. This conception of emotion is not universal, however. Emotions elsewhere, she argues, are thought of as “OURS”—“OUtside  the  person,  Relational,  and  Situated.”  Using  this  distinction,  Mesquita  sets  about contrasting emotions in “the West,” where the individual is the top concern, with “the Rest,” where community is prioritized. Mesquita describes amae as a central emotion in Japanese culture, where it builds interdependence by encouraging tolerance in parenting process. She describes hasham—which includes shame, embarrassment, and  social  respectability—as  a  fundamental  emotion  for  Egyptian Bedouins  (游牧人).  Such  observations provide a background for her to explore a range of issues, including childhood socialization, the nature of friendship, the role of language in shaping emotions, and cross-cultural communication in a globalized world. Despite  Mesquita’s  emphasis  on  cross-cultural  emotions,  there  is  little  discussion  of whether  the MINE-OURS dichotomy (二分法) accurately explains global cultural variation. Other scholars have noted, for example, that hunter-gatherer societies at the same time emphasize both individual self-government and social cooperation. And in an apparent contradiction to her earlier arguments, Mesquita herself ultimately concludes that Westerners have OURS emotions. Taken as a whole, however, the book contributes much to the discussion of the origins of emotions, presenting a remarkable collection of cross-cultural studies intermixed with personal stories about foreign residents’ struggles to reunite  diverse  emotional  and  social worlds.  In  chapter  8,  for  example,  Mesquita describes  an  incident  where  she—a  Dutch  native  living  in  the  United  States—bumped  into  the  famous American  psychologist  Hazel  Markus  at  a  conference  Markus  helped  organize.  Wishing  to  express understanding of Markus’s workload, Mesquita declared “You look a little tired.” The remark appeared to make Markus nervous and confused but was intended as an expression of sympathy—to sympathize in Dutch is to acknowledge suffering, not offer comfort as in the US. The book’s take-home message is fundamental: There are no natural emotions, no inborn emotions, no universal emotions. Mesquita argues that emotions are “meaning making” and “a preparation for action” and that the idea of “emotions as inner states” is a Western construct. Instead, she suggests that emotions are a “dance” cocreated between people who live in a specific cultural context at a particular historical moment. 43．In Between Us, Mesquita indicates that ______. A．the Japanese build kids’ emotion of shame in parenting B．MINE-OURS dichotomy is the very cause of cross-cultural emotions C．emotions outside “the West” are considered community-centred D．hunter-gatherers have both emotions of “OURS” and “MINE” 44．We can infer from the incident in paragraph 5 that ______. A．the emotion of sympathy is to offer help in Dutch culture B．foreign residents from different cultures usually unite as one C．as Dutch Mesquita shows her personality of warmth and caring D．cross-cultural emotional exchanges probably cause misunderstanding 45．What is Mesquita’s main argument about emotions in her book? A．Family education hardly influences one’s emotions. B．Sociocultural contexts largely contribute to emotions. C．Western people’s emotions have no properties of OURS. D．Internal factors play a vital role in shaping how we feel. 46．Which of the following is the best title of the passage? A．The cultural landscape of emotions B．The cultural origin of emotions C．The cultural convention of emotions D．The cultural shock of emotions 【答案】43．C 44．D 45．B 46．A 【导语】本文是篇说明文。文章通过对书籍“In Between Us”中关于情感的描述，介绍了作者——心理学家Mesquita对于情感的理解，体现了社会文化背景对情感的影响。 43．细节理解题。根据第二段“Using this distinction,  Mesquita sets about contrasting emotions in “the West,” where the individual is the top concern, with “the Rest,” where community is prioritized.”（利用这一区别，Mesquita开始对比“西方”和“其他国家”的情感，“西方”的个人是最受关注的，“其他国家”的社区是优先考虑的。）可知，Mesquita表明了在“西方”之外的情感被认为是以社区为中心的。故选C。 44．推理判断题。根据第五段“Wishing to express understanding of Markus’s workload, Mesquita declared “You look a little tired.” The remark appeared to make Markus nervous and confused but was intended as an expression of sympathy--to sympathize in Dutch is to acknowledge suffering, not offer comfort as in the US.”（为了表达对Markus工作量的理解，Mesquita说:“你看起来有点累。”这句话似乎让Markus感到紧张和困惑，但这是一种同情的表达——在荷兰，同情是承认痛苦，而不是像在美国那样提供安慰。）可知，Mesquita的话引起了Markus的误解，说明跨文化的情感交流可能会造成彼此之间的误解。故选D。 45．推理判断题。根据最后一段“ she suggests that emotions are a “dance” cocreated between people who live in a specific cultural context at a particular historical moment.”（她认为，情感是生活在特定文化背景下、特定历史时刻的人们共同创造的“舞蹈”。）可知，Mesquita在书中的主要观点是社会文化背景在很大程度上导致了情感的产生。故选B。 46．主旨大意题。根据第五段“Taken as a whole, however, the book contributes much to the discussion of the origins of emotions,”（然而，从整体上看，这本书对情感起源的讨论做出了很大贡献）和最后一段“she suggests that emotions are a “dance” cocreated between people who live in a specific cultural context at a particular historical moment.”（她认为，情感是生活在特定文化背景下、特定历史时刻的人们共同创造的“舞蹈”。）并结合全文内容可知，文章主要是通过Mesquita在她的书中的观点讨论了情感的文化景观。故选A。 Section C Directions: Read the following passages. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Keeping cool as a winter melon? After a heavy summer afternoon of picking vegetables in the garden, my daughter and I were hanging out on the couch. She had picked a particularly large cucumber and was really proud of it, telling me how cold it felt. Of course, the phrase “cool as a cucumber” came up. Then my cousin said something very interesting: “Oh, that must be an American thing. In China, we don’t use cucumbers. 47 ” “Wait, what?” I was obviously confused as to why melons would be hugged. But then my cousin explained that long before modern cooling devices like air conditioners or electric fans, hugging winter melon, a vegetable native to China, was a practical way to beat the summer heat while sleeping. 48 Winter melons, with their massive size and thick skin, retain (保持) a cool temperature even in hot weather. Often stored in cool places, they absorb and retain up to 96 percent water, which means they resist heating up quickly, staying refreshingly cool to the touch even on the hottest days. Back then, for ordinary people, a winter melon could double as a natural cooling pad to which the body transferred excess heat to, providing relief from sticky, uncomfortable nights. This practice endures because many believe it’s a gentler, more natural alternative to modern cooling methods. 49 And compared to fans, which blow air directly onto the body, the melon’s coolness is passive and gentle. And yes, winter melons are used for more than just hugs. In Chinese cuisine, they’re often used in dishes as they absorb the flavours of soups and seasonings, making them a common addition to soups. 50 Also, in traditional Chinese medicine, they’re valued for their cooling properties, which are thought to help balance the body’s internal heat. To find a full-sized, whole winter melon to hug, head to a farmers’ market. There, you’ll surely find one that holds enough coolness to make this ancient trick feel just as effective today as it was centuries ago. A．In ancient times, you hugged cucumbers to stay cool, which was a common practice. B．The reasoning behind it is rooted in the melon’s physical properties. C．Their mildness balances rich ingredients — winter melon and pork soup is a classic example. D．Therefore, I had to look into the agricultural practice further through a quick online search. E．Unlike air conditioners, a winter melon provides a mild coolness that’s less likely to cause discomfort for kids. F．We hug winter melons to stay cool on hot summer days. 【答案】47．F 48．B 49．E 50．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国古法“抱冬瓜”消暑：冬瓜含水高、升温慢，可用作天然降温之物，温和无害，至今沿用；兼入汤品与中药，是绿色低碳的度夏良方。 47．根据上文“Then my cousin said something very interesting: ‘Oh, that must be an American thing. In China, we don’t use cucumbers.’(然后我的表弟说了一些非常有趣的话：‘哦，那一定是美国人的事情。在中国，我们不用黄瓜’)”及下文“But then my cousin explained that long before modern cooling devices like air conditioners or electric fans, hugging winter melon, a vegetable native to China, was a practical way to beat the summer heat while sleeping.(但后来我表弟解释说，早在空调或电风扇等现代制冷设备出现之前，抱着冬瓜（一种中国土生土长的蔬菜）是睡觉时避暑的一种实用方法)”可知，表弟说了在中国夏天消暑降温不使用黄瓜，那接下来就应该说出中国是用什么来解暑，那就是冬瓜。由此可知，F. We hug winter melons to stay cool on hot summer days.(在炎热的夏天，我们抱着冬瓜来保持凉爽)符合语境。故选F项。 48．该空为段首句，应该概括下文内容。根据下文“Winter melons, with their massive size and thick skin, retain (保持) a cool temperature even in hot weather. Often stored in cool places, they absorb and retain up to 96 percent water, which means they resist heating up quickly, staying refreshingly cool to the touch even on the hottest days.(冬瓜个头大，皮厚，即使在炎热的天气里也能保持凉爽。它们通常存放在凉爽的地方，吸收并保留了高达96%的水分，这意味着它们可以抵抗快速升温，即使在最热的日子里，摸起来也能保持清爽)”可知，本段在解释为什么抱冬瓜可以解暑。由此可知，B. The reasoning behind it is rooted in the melon’s physical properties.(其背后的原因源于冬瓜的物理特性)符合语境。故选B项。 49．根据上文“This practice endures because many believe it’s a gentler, more natural alternative to modern cooling methods.(这种做法一直流传下来，因为许多人认为这是一种比现代冷却方法更温和、更自然的选择)”及下文“And compared to fans, which blow air directly onto the body, the melon’s coolness is passive and gentle.(与直接将空气吹到身体上的风扇相比，冬瓜的凉爽是被动和温和的)”可知，此处在对比抱着冬瓜降温和利用风扇空调等现代的科技设备降温，冬瓜在健康方面的优势。由此可知，E. Unlike air conditioners, a winter melon provides a mild coolness that’s less likely to cause discomfort for kids.(与空调不同，冬瓜能提供温和的凉爽，不太可能给孩子带来不适)符合语境。故选E项。 50．根据上文“And yes, winter melons are used for more than just hugs. In Chinese cuisine, they’ re often used in dishes as they absorb the flavours of soups and seasonings, making them a common addition to soups.(是的，冬瓜不仅仅是用来拥抱的。在中国美食中，它们经常用于菜肴中，因为它们吸收汤和调味料的味道，使它们成为汤中常见的添加物”可知，此处在介绍冬瓜作为食物的吃法。由此可知，C. Their mildness balances rich ingredients — winter melon and pork soup is a classic example.(它的温和与丰富的食材相平衡——冬瓜猪肉汤就是一个经典的例子)符合语境。故选C项。 III. Summary Writing (10分) 51．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Psychologists tell us that there are four basic stages that human beings pass through when they enter and live in a new culture. This process, which helps us to deal with culture shock, is the way our brain and our personality react to the strange new things we meet when we move from one culture to another. If our culture involves bowing when we greet someone, we may feel very uncomfortable in a culture that does not involve bowing. Culture shock begins with the “honeymoon stage”. This is the period of time when we first arrive in a new culture where everything is strange and exciting. We may be suffering from “jet lag” but we are thrilled to be in the new environment, seeing new sights, hearing new sounds and eating new kinds of food. Unfortunately, the second stage of culture shock can be more difficult. After we have settled down into our new life, working or studying, buying groceries, doing laundry, or living with a homestay family, we can become very tired and begin to miss our homeland. All the little problems in life seem to be much bigger when you face them in a foreign culture. This period of cultural adjustment can be very difficult and lead to the new arrival rejecting or pulling away from the new culture. The third stage of culture shock happens when you begin to realize that things are not so bad in the host culture. Your sense of humor usually becomes stronger and you realize that you are becoming stronger by learning to take care of yourself in the new place. Things are still difficult, but you are now a survivor! The fourth stage can be called ”at ease at last“. Now you feel quite comfortable in your new surroundings. You can deal with most problems that occur. You may still have problems with the language, but you know you are strong enough to deal with them. If you meet someone from your country who has just arrived, you can be the expert on life in the new culture and help them to deal with their culture shock. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】According to psychologists, four stages are involved in the process of living in a new culture. Honeymoon stage is the beginning when we feel excited to enter a new culture. The second stage is where we struggle to make adjustments. Next, we manage to survive in the new culture. The last stage is when we can feel at ease. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，根据心理学家的说法，在一种新文化中生活的过程包括四个阶段。蜜月期是我们对进入一种新的文化感到兴奋的开始。第二阶段是我们努力调整的阶段。其次，我们设法在新文化中生存。最后一个阶段是我们可以感到放松的时候。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①Psychologists tell us that there are four basic stages that human beings pass through when they enter and live in a new culture. ②Culture shock begins with the “honeymoon stage“. This is the period of time when we first arrive in a new culture where everything is strange and exciting. ③After we have settled down into our new life, working or studying, buying groceries, doing laundry, or living with a homestay family, we can become very tired and begin to miss our homeland. ④The third stage of culture shock happens when you begin to realize that things are not so bad in the host culture. Your sense of humor usually becomes stronger and you realize that you are becoming stronger by learning to take care of yourself in the new place. ⑤The fourth stage can be called ”at ease at last“. Now you feel quite comfortable in your new surroundings. 2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行总说，将第2、3、4、5四个要点进行分说。 3.遣词造句 According to psychologists, four stages are involved in the process of living in a new culture. Honeymoon stage is the beginning when we feel excited to enter a new culture. The second stage is where we struggle to make adjustments. Next, we manage to survive in the new culture. The last stage is when we can feel at ease. 【点睛】[高分句型1] According to psychologists, four stages are involved in the process of living in a new culture.运用动名词作宾语对原文第一段进行了概括。 [高分句型2] The second stage is where we struggle to make adjustments.用where引导表语从句对第三段进行了概括，表达非常高级。 IV. Translation (第1-2句，每句3分；第3句，4分；第4句5分；共15分) 52．老年人晚上不要喝浓茶，以免睡不着。(in case) (汉译英) ____________________________________________ 【答案】The elderly shouldn’t drink strong tea at night in case they can’t fall asleep. 【详解】考查情态动词、短语和目的状语从句。表示“老年人晚上不要喝浓茶”：用情态动词否定形式shouldn’t drink strong tea at night，“老年人”对应the elderly作主语；表示“以免睡不着”：用连词in case引导目的状语从句，“睡不着”译为can’t fall asleep，作in case的从句内容。故翻译为The elderly shouldn’t drink strong tea at night in case they can’t fall asleep. 53．这位退休教师的快乐秘诀在于她把自我关爱放在首位。(consist) ____________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The retired teacher’s happiness consists in that she puts caring for herself first. 【详解】考查名词短语、动词短语、宾语从句和时态。根据句意以及句子的提示词可知，表示“这位退休教师的快乐”应为名词短语The retired teacher’s happiness；表示“在于”应为动词短语consist in；后接从属连词that引导的宾语从句，在该宾语从句中，表示“她把自我关爱放在首位”可译为she puts caring for herself first；结合句意看，该句应为一般现在时。故翻译为：The retired teacher’s happiness consists in that she puts caring for herself first. 54．经过两年的修复，这家影院配备了一流的设施，如今焕然一新。（equip）（汉译英） ____________________________________________ 【答案】After two years of renovation, this cinema has been equipped with first-class facilities and looks completely new now. 【详解】考查动词时态语态以及固定短语。表示“经过两年的修复”：用介词短语After two years of renovation作时间状语；表示“这家影院配备了一流的设施”：“配备”对应动词equip，此处影院是“被配备”，用现在完成时的被动语态has been equipped with first-class facilities，表示对现在的影响。“这家影院”译为this cinema作主语；表示“如今焕然一新”：用短语looks completely new now作并列谓语，体现当前状态。故翻译为After two years of renovation, this cinema has been equipped with first-class facilities and looks completely new now. 55．有证据表明，屏幕时间过长会损害专注力，但也有人认为这些问题往往源于不良习惯，可以通过调整行为来纠正。（undo）（汉译英） ____________________________________________ 【答案】There is evidence that excessive screen time harms concentration, but some people believe that these issues often stem from bad habits and can be undone by adjusting behavior. 【详解】考查同位语从句、宾语从句、动词时态语态和短语。表示“有证据表明”用There is evidence that...引导同位语从句，对evidence具体内容进行解释；“屏幕时间过长”译为excessive screen time，“损害专注力”用harms concentration作从句谓语和宾语部分；“有人认为”用some people believe that，that后接宾语从句，“源于”对应stem from，“不良习惯”是bad habits；“纠正（不良影响）”对应动词undo，此处用被动语态can be undone，“通过调整行为”译为by adjusting behavior作方式状语。整句用一般现在时表常见现象、普遍认知。故翻译为：There is evidence that excessive screen time harms concentration, but some people believe that these issues often stem from bad habits and can be undone by adjusting behavior。 V.Guided Writing (共25分) 56．Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 上海市为了更好地向年轻人推广本地文化，计划启动一个重点项目，现就方案选择征求市民意见：选择一、在上海文化中心举办大型青年艺术节；选择二：在学校和社区开展一系列传统文化工作坊。假设你是实验中学的学生王梓，请你给主管部门写一封信表达你的想法。你的信必须包括： 1. 你写信的目的及你的选择； 2. 你的理由。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Dear Sir or Madam, I am Wang Zi, a student from Experimental Middle School, writing to express my support for the second option —launching a series of traditional culture workshops in schools and communities — to promote Shanghai’s local culture among young people. Firstly, workshops offer interactive experiences that fit young people’s learning habits. Unlike large-scale art festivals where participation is limited, workshops allow us to practice skills like Shanghai opera singing or paper-cutting firsthand, deepening our understanding of local culture. Secondly, schools and communities are accessible to most young people, ensuring wider coverage. Many students and residents can join without long-distance travel, making cultural promotion more inclusive. Lastly, continuous workshops can build long-term interest, as repeated engagement helps us truly appreciate the charm of Shanghai’s traditions. I believe this option will effectively connect young people with local culture. Thank you for considering my suggestion. Yours sincerely, Wang Zi 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求针对上海市为了向年轻人推广本地文化，计划启动的两个重点项目方案，提出自己的想法及选择理由。 【详解】1.词汇积累 一系列：a series of→a variety of 促进：promote →boost 参与：engagement→involvement 吸引力：charm→appeal 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Secondly, schools and communities are accessible to most young people, ensuring wider coverage. 拓展句：Secondly, schools and communities are accessible to most young people, which will ensure wider coverage. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Unlike large-scale art festivals where participation is limited, workshops allow us to practice skills like Shanghai opera singing or paper-cutting firsthand, deepening our understanding of local culture.(运用了where引导的定语从句及现在分词作状语) 【高分句型2】Lastly, continuous workshops can build long-term interest, as repeated engagement helps us truly appreciate the charm of Shanghai’s traditions.(运用了as引导的原因状语从句) 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $………………○………………外………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… ………………○………………内………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… 此卷只装订不密封 ………………○………………内………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… ………………○………………外………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… … 学校：______________姓名：_____________班级：_______________考号：______________________ Unit 1 Across the globe单元自测·提升卷 （考试时间：90分钟 试卷满分：115分） 注意事项： 1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。 3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 4．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 I. Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分） Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Medieval (中世纪的) manners While I was growing up, “keep your elbows (肘) off the table” was a common remark at dinner time. But, as I learned in our recent podcast episode with medieval historian and author Cybulskie, such remarks have a long history — 1 (date) all the way back to the Middle Ages. In the medieval period, manners proved more important than today and 2 (prize) particularly by social climbers, because a firm grasp of manners was a way of standing out from the crowd: “It showed you were worldly and educated, and ready to hang out with the most important people of the day.” But what would have ingratiated (讨好) you with a medieval host, and what kinds of social faux pas (失礼) would have ensured 3 you were never invited back? Practising good hygiene was key, particularly when it came to the dinner table. In this era, dining was a much 4 (intimate) experience, according to Cybulskie, than it is today. When sharing a meal with a dining partner, you would also be sharing cups and plates. “Don’t blow your nose at the table, or wipe your face on the tablecloth,” Cybulskie advised. As well as listing some behaviour 5 (avoid), Cybulskie shared tips on how to be an attentive dining partner. “You would want to give the best portions of food to your partner at the table,” she said, “and make sure they were comfortable and well taken care of.” Such social codes were set out in handbooks at the time, one of 6 , The Book of the Civilised Man, written in the early 14th century, was aimed at boys and young men — and, with advice 7 (tailor) to this audience, warned its young readers against “making bodily function jokes at the table”. Social conventions extended 8 the dining hall. When visiting someone’s house, for instance, it was considered fashionable to wash your hands on arrival, 9 that you didn’t bring dirt inside. Though this is one custom that is in line with us in the 21st century, others feel decidedly medieval: one book asks readers “to make sure you 10 (get) down from your horse before entering someone’s house”. Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．damaged   B．historic   C． reminisce     D．reminding     E. occasion F. personal    G. vast       H. addressing     I. ritual           J. center    K. theme In many countries, festive holidays are celebrated with special TV programs. In the US, the NFL schedules special games for Thanksgiving. In China, watching the CCTV gala is a part of New Year celebrations. In the UK, TV screens are graced by a somewhat less exciting but highly valued 11 on Christmas Day — a speech by Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II. In 2015 alone, the Queen's message pulled in 7.5 million viewers in total beating Downton Abbey’s (唐顿庄园) 6.9 million. The 12 majority across the UK and the Commonwealth are drawn to it not only because of the Queen's comforting words, but also because of the symbolic significance of the event itself, which is rooted in 13 meaning. In 1932, George V delivered the first Christmas message to his subjects of the British Empire by radio. Many were excited as they gathered round their wireless sets to listen to their king 14 them as part of one vast imperial family, but doing so in the privacy of their own homes. Since then, it has become the tradition for the monarch (君主) to deliver messages which 15 around the major global, national and personal issues of the past year and embody the spirit of Christmas by appealing for a harmonious society. Queen Elizabeth II delivered her first Christmas message in 1952. But far from being a message that is scripted by governmental advisers, the Queen’s message is a(n) 16 one written by the Queen herself. Thus, it is a rare 17 on which the public can hear of their queen's own views, experiences and concerns. It is also an opportunity for the Queen to speak directly to her subjects. Last year, the Queen’s message was recorded in the restored Windsor Castle once 18 in the big fire, and in her speech, the Queen recalled the famous Apollo 11 mission 50 years ago, 19 the whole nation that “giant leaps often start with small steps”. By joining together and listening to the Queen deliver her Christmas broadcast, audiences across the globe not only confirm their loyalty to the Queen, but also 20 about the past, cherish their families and give thanks to their neighbors. For many, the Queen’s message is more than just a televised speech; it is part of the national culture, symbolizing their national unity. II. Reading Comprehension (21 – 35题，每题1分；36 – 50题，每题2分；共45分) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Administrators of the Mogao Caves in Dunhuang, Gansu Province, are trying to harmonize tourists’ exploration of the site with the need to safeguard the murals (壁画), through innovative measures. Sandstorms, rainfall and tourist visits constitute the most severe 21 to the UNESCO World Heritage Site, said Wang Xiaowei, director of the Dunhuang Grottoes Monitoring Center at the Dunhuang Academy. Since the Mogao Caves opened to the public in 1979, the number of visitors has been 22 at an average annual rate of around 20 percent, reaching 2.15 million in 2019. “If you enter the caves during the 23 tourism months of July, August and September, you’ll find it hard to breathe,” Wang said. The carbon dioxide and moisture (潮气) breathed out by visitors increase inside the caves and cause damage to the murals, Wang said. To preserve the caves, the duration of visits is 24 and sometimes stopped during rain or dust storms. To ensure visitors aren’t 25 when restrictions are in place, the center provides a digital exhibition, he said. Currently, the center is being 26 to accommodate an additional 3,000 visitors on top of the existing capacity of 6,000. The Dunhuang Academy began 27 recording and storing images of murals and painted sculptures over 30 years ago. The digitization project has successfully 28 over 200 caves, with a dedicated team of 110 experts currently undertaking the work. “Digital technology not only serves cultural tourism but also 29 a historical record for future generations,” said Ding Xiaosheng, deputy director of the Institute of Cultural Heritage Digitization at the academy. Digitization also brings the wonders of the Mogao Caves to a 30 audience, according to Su Bomin, head of the Dunhuang Academy. “The Mogao Caves are 31 , and transporting them is impossible,” Su said. “However, with digitization, we can perfectly copy Dunhuang art exactly and show it worldwide, introducing Eastern culture to the world.” In 2016, the Digital Dunhuang went live, sharing high-definition images and 32 tours of the most beautiful 30 caves globally. Currently, visitors from 78 countries have 33 the murals, totaling over 16.8 million visits. Su said Dunhuang can 34 diverse cultural exchanges through its cultural relics (遗迹). “By digitizing these relics, we enable people worldwide to understand Dunhuang’s culture, thereby gaining a deeper appreciation for China’s historical 35 to diverse cultural exchanges — that is, an idea of inclusivity, mutual learning and a shared future,” he said. 21．A．shortages B．restrictions C．contributions D．threats 22．A．doubling B．growing C．continuing D．varying 23．A．cultural B．previous C．peak D．commercial 24．A．limited B．extended C．publicized D．concealed 25．A．confused B．amazed C．scared D．disappointed 26．A．expanded B．constructed C．decorated D．repaired 27．A．exclusively B．digitally C．subjectively D．autonomously 28．A．clarified B．highlighted C．covered D．strategized 29．A．comes across B．turns over C．leaves behind D．lets alone 30．A．global B．professional C．technological D．different 31．A．complicated B．irreproducible C．controversial D．immovable 32．A．virtual B．temporary C．conventional D．steady 33．A．imitated B．accessed C．praised D．purchased 34．A．reject B．provide C．adjust D．classify 35．A．adaptation B．attention C．admission D．commitment Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. A He had taken his final bite of dessert. This was it, the perfect moment to ask the most important question of our relationship. “Will you open a joint bank account with me?” He laughed, a surprised bark. This wasn’t how I had imagined this conversation going. In my head, he would have been charmed by my directness. Instead, he looked like I had just asked him for his kidney. When the waiter approached with the check, I felt my chest tighten. Here it was again, the moment that had been haunted me for years. This anxiety about paying started when I insisted on paying for everything. In my Chinese American family, paying for dinner is considered an honor, and my parents, aunts and uncles would threaten bodily harm to win that privilege. “Let go of the bill!” “I’ll kill you if you pay again!” I used to love this spectacle, betting with my cousins on who would win. My uncle had fast hands and the advantage of sitting closest to the aisle, but my aunt was cunning (狡猾的); she would intercept (拦截) the waiter before he even reached our table, slipping him her credit card while pretending to ask about the dessert menu. But on the drive home, I overheard my parents brainstorming other ways to pay my aunt back through groceries and clothes for her children. They explained that my aunt had just lost her job and couldn’t really afford that dinner. Everyone had let her “win” the bill to allow her to save face. I had it completely backward. Suddenly, I saw the elaborate system behind the chaos. Behind the bill wrestling was a tradition of care, ensuring everyone was looked after according to their circumstances. Years of watching my family fight to pay seeded in me a compulsion to always pick up the bill. Nevertheless, I couldn’t help feeling resentful (愤恨的) when my dates never fought back. Especially when I was laid off, I felt like no one was looking out for me the way my family had looked out for my aunt. I tried American dating customs: letting him pay, taking turns, going Dutch. But it all felt like trying to love an itchy (发痒的) sweater. Then I met Aodhán. Over dessert, I proposed a joint account. It would let either of us make the honorable gesture of fighting for the bill, while ensuring we were both cared for, no matter who “won”. But Aodhán sat there stunned. “I haven’t had a joint bank account since I was 10,” he said in his Irish accent, “with my mam”. We spent the next 20 minutes talking about the weather. I expected him to ghost me. To my surprise, he arranged our next date at Citibank. When the confused banker handed us our temporary debit cards with both our names, I felt something I hadn’t felt in years of dating: relief of knowing someone understood what mattered to me, even if he didn’t intuitively understand why. 36．Why did the author propose a joint account to Aodhán? A．To test his commitment to the relationship through his willingness to share finances. B．To adopt a modern financial approach commonly used in American relationships. C．To solve the practical problem of making expenses more reasonable for both parties. D．To create a system that preserved the gesture of caring while ensuring mutual support. 37．According to the passage, why did the author’s family let her aunt pay? A．Because her aunt grabbed the chance through a cunning interception. B．Because her aunt had bet money with the cousins and needed to win. C．Because her aunt had financial difficulties and needed to save face. D．Because it was her aunt’s turn to pay according to family rotation. 38．What did the author want to convey by saying “It all felt like trying to love an itchy (发痒的) sweater” in the 11th paragraph? A．After several dating setbacks, she was compelled to accept the new dating culture. B．These new customs could not make her comfortable despite her efforts to accept them. C．She gradually accepted American dating customs, though they were unfamiliar at first. D．The American customs seemed appealing at first glance but proved impossible to adapt to. 39．What is the central theme of the passage? A．The economic implications of maintaining cultural traditions in modern interpersonal relationships. B．The psychological burden of cultural inheritance and its impact on relations between different ethnic groups. C．A personal journey of navigating cultural conflicts by adapting familial culture to modern relationships. D．The importance of direct and honest communication in overcoming cultural barriers in relationships. B The Rio Carnival(狂欢节) What is it? The Rio de Janeiro carnival, held annually in the month of February, is a spectacular celebration of life that attracts millions of people onto the streets of the Brazilian city. The whole country stops to watch, either in the city itself or on the television. It is estimated that each year 700,000 visitors come to watch from all over the world. “Samba” schools The music played throughout the carnival procession is called the “samba”. Many participants belong to “samba” schools where they learn to dance and play the music which is so popular throughout Brazil. There are about 30 “samba” schools with thousands of members. They perform for four entire nights in a huge area called the “Sambadrome”. The schools take part in an official competition and the best of them is awarded a prize. Each school is assessed on its costumes, the theme of its performance and the quality of the music. Some “samba” schools hold street parties and perform in their local areas because many people cannot afford to buy a ticket for the official competition. The stars of the show Each school is led by a queen followed by hundreds of drummers and brightly decorated carnival vehicles. The Carnival Queens are the biggest stars and they are chosen from amongst the most beautiful women in each community. As well as beauty, the queen has to be very fit to lead her group of drummers on the slow procession through the streets of Rio. “Blocos” parades “Blocos” parades have become an important feature of Rio’s carnival in addition to the “samba” schools. These parades are less formal and include groups of musicians from the same neighborhood who just want to sing, dance and have a good time. Today, they number more than 100 and the groups increase each year. They all dress in costumes or T-shirts with special themes or logos. Before the show they gather in a square, then parade through sections of the city, before performing near to the beach. Some of them have a particular place such as a cafe where they play and dance to attract spectators. 40．Which of the following details illustates that the Rio de Janeiro carnival is the largest show in the world? A．It is usually held at the beginning of each year. B．The whole country stops to watch its live shows on TV. C．More than half a million visitors come for it every year. D．The city streets all over Brazil are crowded because of it. 41．What can be learned about Samba schools? A．They teach children to dance to the music of samba. B．They choose samba queens from people on the street. C．They collect money for those cannot afford a ticket. D．They usually give performances at night during the carnival. 42．“Blocos” parade are different from the samba schools in how _________ they are. A．popular B．formal C．unusual D．noisy C In the film Inside Out, 11-year-old Riley’s emotions are personified as brightly colored internal figures that drive her behaviors. The same five emotions—anger, fear, disgust (憎恶), sadness, and joy—appear in every other character’s head as well, functioning in much the same way in each individual. In Western cultures, this is the case, argues psychologist Batja Mesquita in Between Us. Emotions in such contexts, she writes, are considered “MINE,” or “Mental, INside the person, and Essentialist,” the latter defined in the book as always having the same properties. This conception of emotion is not universal, however. Emotions elsewhere, she argues, are thought of as “OURS”—“OUtside  the  person,  Relational,  and  Situated.”  Using  this  distinction,  Mesquita  sets  about contrasting emotions in “the West,” where the individual is the top concern, with “the Rest,” where community is prioritized. Mesquita describes amae as a central emotion in Japanese culture, where it builds interdependence by encouraging tolerance in parenting process. She describes hasham—which includes shame, embarrassment, and  social  respectability—as  a  fundamental  emotion  for  Egyptian Bedouins  (游牧人).  Such  observations provide a background for her to explore a range of issues, including childhood socialization, the nature of friendship, the role of language in shaping emotions, and cross-cultural communication in a globalized world. Despite  Mesquita’s  emphasis  on  cross-cultural  emotions,  there  is  little  discussion  of whether  the MINE-OURS dichotomy (二分法) accurately explains global cultural variation. Other scholars have noted, for example, that hunter-gatherer societies at the same time emphasize both individual self-government and social cooperation. And in an apparent contradiction to her earlier arguments, Mesquita herself ultimately concludes that Westerners have OURS emotions. Taken as a whole, however, the book contributes much to the discussion of the origins of emotions, presenting a remarkable collection of cross-cultural studies intermixed with personal stories about foreign residents’ struggles to reunite  diverse  emotional  and  social worlds.  In  chapter  8,  for  example,  Mesquita describes  an  incident  where  she—a  Dutch  native  living  in  the  United  States—bumped  into  the  famous American  psychologist  Hazel  Markus  at  a  conference  Markus  helped  organize.  Wishing  to  express understanding of Markus’s workload, Mesquita declared “You look a little tired.” The remark appeared to make Markus nervous and confused but was intended as an expression of sympathy—to sympathize in Dutch is to acknowledge suffering, not offer comfort as in the US. The book’s take-home message is fundamental: There are no natural emotions, no inborn emotions, no universal emotions. Mesquita argues that emotions are “meaning making” and “a preparation for action” and that the idea of “emotions as inner states” is a Western construct. Instead, she suggests that emotions are a “dance” cocreated between people who live in a specific cultural context at a particular historical moment. 43．In Between Us, Mesquita indicates that ______. A．the Japanese build kids’ emotion of shame in parenting B．MINE-OURS dichotomy is the very cause of cross-cultural emotions C．emotions outside “the West” are considered community-centred D．hunter-gatherers have both emotions of “OURS” and “MINE” 44．We can infer from the incident in paragraph 5 that ______. A．the emotion of sympathy is to offer help in Dutch culture B．foreign residents from different cultures usually unite as one C．as Dutch Mesquita shows her personality of warmth and caring D．cross-cultural emotional exchanges probably cause misunderstanding 45．What is Mesquita’s main argument about emotions in her book? A．Family education hardly influences one’s emotions. B．Sociocultural contexts largely contribute to emotions. C．Western people’s emotions have no properties of OURS. D．Internal factors play a vital role in shaping how we feel. 46．Which of the following is the best title of the passage? A．The cultural landscape of emotions B．The cultural origin of emotions C．The cultural convention of emotions D．The cultural shock of emotions Section C Directions: Read the following passages. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Keeping cool as a winter melon? After a heavy summer afternoon of picking vegetables in the garden, my daughter and I were hanging out on the couch. She had picked a particularly large cucumber and was really proud of it, telling me how cold it felt. Of course, the phrase “cool as a cucumber” came up. Then my cousin said something very interesting: “Oh, that must be an American thing. In China, we don’t use cucumbers. 47 ” “Wait, what?” I was obviously confused as to why melons would be hugged. But then my cousin explained that long before modern cooling devices like air conditioners or electric fans, hugging winter melon, a vegetable native to China, was a practical way to beat the summer heat while sleeping. 48 Winter melons, with their massive size and thick skin, retain (保持) a cool temperature even in hot weather. Often stored in cool places, they absorb and retain up to 96 percent water, which means they resist heating up quickly, staying refreshingly cool to the touch even on the hottest days. Back then, for ordinary people, a winter melon could double as a natural cooling pad to which the body transferred excess heat to, providing relief from sticky, uncomfortable nights. This practice endures because many believe it’s a gentler, more natural alternative to modern cooling methods. 49 And compared to fans, which blow air directly onto the body, the melon’s coolness is passive and gentle. And yes, winter melons are used for more than just hugs. In Chinese cuisine, they’re often used in dishes as they absorb the flavours of soups and seasonings, making them a common addition to soups. 50 Also, in traditional Chinese medicine, they’re valued for their cooling properties, which are thought to help balance the body’s internal heat. To find a full-sized, whole winter melon to hug, head to a farmers’ market. There, you’ll surely find one that holds enough coolness to make this ancient trick feel just as effective today as it was centuries ago. A．In ancient times, you hugged cucumbers to stay cool, which was a common practice. B．The reasoning behind it is rooted in the melon’s physical properties. C．Their mildness balances rich ingredients — winter melon and pork soup is a classic example. D．Therefore, I had to look into the agricultural practice further through a quick online search. E．Unlike air conditioners, a winter melon provides a mild coolness that’s less likely to cause discomfort for kids. F．We hug winter melons to stay cool on hot summer days. III. Summary Writing (10分) 51．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Psychologists tell us that there are four basic stages that human beings pass through when they enter and live in a new culture. This process, which helps us to deal with culture shock, is the way our brain and our personality react to the strange new things we meet when we move from one culture to another. If our culture involves bowing when we greet someone, we may feel very uncomfortable in a culture that does not involve bowing. Culture shock begins with the “honeymoon stage”. This is the period of time when we first arrive in a new culture where everything is strange and exciting. We may be suffering from “jet lag” but we are thrilled to be in the new environment, seeing new sights, hearing new sounds and eating new kinds of food. Unfortunately, the second stage of culture shock can be more difficult. After we have settled down into our new life, working or studying, buying groceries, doing laundry, or living with a homestay family, we can become very tired and begin to miss our homeland. All the little problems in life seem to be much bigger when you face them in a foreign culture. This period of cultural adjustment can be very difficult and lead to the new arrival rejecting or pulling away from the new culture. The third stage of culture shock happens when you begin to realize that things are not so bad in the host culture. Your sense of humor usually becomes stronger and you realize that you are becoming stronger by learning to take care of yourself in the new place. Things are still difficult, but you are now a survivor! The fourth stage can be called ”at ease at last“. Now you feel quite comfortable in your new surroundings. You can deal with most problems that occur. You may still have problems with the language, but you know you are strong enough to deal with them. If you meet someone from your country who has just arrived, you can be the expert on life in the new culture and help them to deal with their culture shock. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ IV. Translation (第1-2句，每句3分；第3句，4分；第4句5分；共15分) 52．老年人晚上不要喝浓茶，以免睡不着。(in case) (汉译英) ____________________________________________ 53．这位退休教师的快乐秘诀在于她把自我关爱放在首位。(consist) ____________________________________________________________________ 54．经过两年的修复，这家影院配备了一流的设施，如今焕然一新。（equip）（汉译英） ____________________________________________ 55．有证据表明，屏幕时间过长会损害专注力，但也有人认为这些问题往往源于不良习惯，可以通过调整行为来纠正。（undo）（汉译英） ____________________________________________ V.Guided Writing (共25分) 56．Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 上海市为了更好地向年轻人推广本地文化，计划启动一个重点项目，现就方案选择征求市民意见：选择一、在上海文化中心举办大型青年艺术节；选择二：在学校和社区开展一系列传统文化工作坊。假设你是实验中学的学生王梓，请你给主管部门写一封信表达你的想法。你的信必须包括： 1. 你写信的目的及你的选择； 2. 你的理由。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 试题 第3页（共8页） 试题 第4页（共8页） 试题 第1页（共8页） 试题 第2页（共8页） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $