Unit 4 Words（重难词汇精练）英语沪教版选择性必修第三册

Unit 4 Words重难词汇精练 词汇夯基·专项突破 1 题型一、单句语法填空 1 题型二、单词拼写 3 题型三、翻译句子 5 综合攻坚·能力跃升 6 题型一、语篇语法填空 6 题型二、阅读理解 8 题型一、单句语法填空 1. Experts made an accurate ______ (estimate) of the cost before starting the construction project. 2. The ______ (evolve) of technology has transformed the way we live and work in the 21st century. 3. We need to explore all possible ______ (alternative) before making a final decision. 4. His performance was ______ (superior) to all others, earning him the first prize. 5. She moved with ______ (elegant) and grace, captivating everyone at the party. 6. The company suffered a major data breach due to a sophisticated ______ (hack) attack. 7. The ______ (extend) of the deadline gave the team more time to perfect their project. 8. This principle is ______ (universal) applicable to all situations, regardless of context. 9. Law enforcement agencies are working together to combat ______ (cybercrime) on a global scale. 10. The play’s ______ (comic) relief provided a welcome break from the intense drama. 11. The ______ (combine) of traditional and modern elements created a unique and exciting experience. 12. The team’s ______ (form) a strong bond was key to their success in the competition. 13. The ______ (horn) blared loudly as the ship entered the busy harbor. 14. There was a short ______ (interval) between the two acts of the play. 15. A sudden ______ (burst) of laughter erupted from the back of the room. 16. It was ______ (idiot) of him to ignore the safety warnings, putting himself in danger. 17. ______ (Confucian) values continue to shape social norms in many East Asian countries. 18. She has a natural talent for working with children, which makes her perfect for ______ (kindergarten) teaching. 19. The suspect was charged with ______ (murder) and awaits trial. 20. The DNA evidence proved his ______ (innocent) beyond any doubt. 21. The conflict has had a devastating impact on the lives of innocent ______ (civilian). 22. The fabric is made from a blend of natural ______ (fibre) and synthetic materials. 23. The ______ (microscope) revealed the intricate details of the cell structure. 24. She sent a small ______ (parcel) containing handmade gifts to her family. 25. The building passed its safety ______ (inspect) with flying colors. 26. Her analysis of the situation was highly ______ (subjective), reflecting her personal biases. 27. The ______ (unfair) of the system led to widespread protests and calls for reform. 28. The ______ (fox) cleverly outwitted the hunters and escaped into the forest. 29. The animal was kept in a cramped ______ (cage) for years before being rescued. 30. She spent hours ______ (knit) a warm scarf for her best friend. 题型二、单词拼写 1. The restaurant offers a self-service ______ (自助餐) with a wide variety of dishes. 2. This painting is considered a ______ (最优秀的) work of art from the Renaissance period. 3. They decided to ______ (租借) an apartment near the university for the academic year. 4. The palace was a ______ (壮丽的) building with golden roofs and large gardens. 5. The cause of the fire remains ______ (神秘的), and the police are still investigating. 6. The fireworks display was absolutely ______ (壮丽的), lighting up the night sky. 7. He tried to ______ (劝诱) her to join the club, but she politely refused. 8. The movie tells a ______ (悲剧的) story of love and loss set in wartime. 9. The ______ (暴露) of the scandal led to the resignation of several government officials. 10. The author’s latest novel has a clever ______ (故事情节) with many unexpected twists. 题型三、完成句子 1．令他欣慰的是，经过多次试验和失败，这位科学家终于想出了环保问题的解决方法。(hit) （汉译英） ________________________________________________________________________________ 2．虽然家住奥地利，但是莫扎特的父亲和两个孩子曾数次游历欧洲，足迹遍及多国。（汉译英） ________________________________________________________________________________ 3．在一个寒冷的周二早上，亨利按照老师的要求打印了一份核心词汇用法的学习资料，他决心要背完至少一半，结果却发现自己完全没有学习的兴致。(request n., only, mood) （汉译英） ________________________________________________________ 4．人们普遍认为，我们是否对他人的处境有同理心，是一个可能决定我们是否会向陌生人伸出援手的主要因素。(determine, reach) （汉译英） ________________________________________________________ 5．为了确保运动员们能够在奥运会的激烈竞争中生存下来，教练团队己精心安排他们遵循严格的训练计划，以防因不适应比赛环境而出现意外。(survive, arrange, in case) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________ 6．人们普遍认为，科技的发展让我们的生活更加便利，但同时也带来了如隐私问题这样的挑战。(It) (汉译英) ______________________________________________________________ 7．面对电商的挑战，这家公司潜心经营，最终开发了独具匠心的产品，扭亏为盈。(turn) （汉译英） _______________________________________________ 8．依我看来，争论上海房价是否会持续攀升，这是一件毫无意义的事情。(point) (汉译英) ______________________________________________________________ 9．汤姆从未想过他的同事把地图忘在了车里，让他们困在树林中。随着夜幕降临，他们没有相互抱怨，而是保持冷静，并最终找到了附近的一座小木屋过夜。(occur, leave, end) （汉译英） ________________________________________________________ 10．我们没有其他选择只有认真工作，以确保所有的病人都会得到高质量的护理。(ensure) （汉译英） _____________________________________________________ 题型一、语篇语法填空 （24-25高二下·上海杨浦·期中）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Can AI Create “Great” Poetry? Last week, I sent a request to ChatGPT, the latest artificial intelligence chatbot. In less than a minute, the program had created in full a rhyming Shakespearean sonnet (莎士比亚十四行诗). Tools like ChatGPT seem sure to change the world of poetry — and so much else — but poets also have a lot to teach us about artificial intelligence. If algorithms are getting good at writing poetry, it’s partially 1 poetry was always an algorithmic business. Even the most rebellious poets follow more rules than they might like to admit. When 2 (teach) to imitate the structure of sonnet, schoolchildren are effectively learning to follow algorithmic constraints. 3 it surprise us that computers can do so, too? But considering how ChatGPT works, its ability to follow the rules for sonnets seems 4 (impressive) as no one taught it these rules. It is based on a newer kind of AI known as a large language model (LLM). 5 (put) it simply, LLMs analyze large amounts of human writing and learn to predict the next word which should appear in a string of text, based on context. One frequent criticism of LLMs is that they do not understand 6 they write; they just do a great job of guessing the next word. The moment a private verse by Dickinson makes us feel like the poet speaks directly to us, we 7 (experience) the effects of a technology called language. Of course, every Dickinson poem reflects her intention to create meaning. When ChatGPT puts words together, it intends 8 . Some argue that writings by LLMs therefore have no meaning, only the appearance of it. If I see a cloud in the sky that looks like a giraffe, I recognize it as an accidental similarity. In the same way, this argument goes, we should regard the writings of ChatGPT as merely imitating real language, meaningless and random as cloud shapes. When I showed my friends the sonnet by ChatGPT, they called it “soulless and barren” 9 following all the rules for sonnets. But is the average sonnet by a human any better? 10 we now expect computers to write not just poems but good poems, then we have set a much higher bar. 题型二、阅读理解 （24-25高二上·上海浦东新·期中）A biography of Bill Gates: Dollar Bill “Americans appear to be growing increasingly uneasy about billionaires,” observes Anupreeta Das, a journalist at the New York Times. With his long career and its many ups and downs, Mr. Gates is “the perfect prism (棱镜) through which to project tricky moral questions” in pursuit of a “collective rethink” about American values. In the biography, Ms. Das goes from the founding of Microsoft in 1975 to its stock market flotation (上市)11 years later. By 1995 Mr. Gates was the youngest billionaire and the richest person in America but was facing a new problem: his company was so dominant that it attracted the attention of antitrust regulators. The heroic nerd had come to be seen as a villain (反派). So, Mr. Gates reinvented himself as a philanthropist (慈善家), establishing the world’s largest charitable foundation with his then wife Melinda and promoting among other billionaires the Giving Pledge (a promise to donate most of one’s wealth to charitable causes). So successful was this reinvention that Mr. Gates was the most admired man in the world from 2014 to 2019, according toYouGov polls. But then his scandals (丑闻)led to the collapse of his marriage. At the same time, the power of his foundation began to come under increasing inspection. The foundation pours billions into public-health initiatives, outspending many governments, and thus shapes health policy in many countries — yet it is accountable to nobody but the Gateses. During the covid-19 pandemic, Mr. Gates was also the subject of conspiracy theories (阴谋论) suggesting that he was profiting from vaccines and even injecting tiny microchips into people. The hero had once again become a villain. But Ms. Das’s book is most interesting when it shows how Mr. Gates has influenced other billionaires, such as Mark Zuckerberg and Jeff Bezos, how they have followed his example, and how they have not. The book shows Mr. Gates from many angles but provides few insights of him as a person. There is a Gates-shaped hole at the centre of the narrative; Ms. Das was not allowed to interview Mr. Gates. So what does she conclude about billionaires? They are, she suggests, lightning rods.(避雷针)for deeper concerns about inequality and privilege. But she holds back from making a strong argument about Mr. Gates. A book that promises to tackle billionaires’ place in society asks many questions, but also asks readers to make up their own minds. 1．What is the main purpose of Anupreeta Das’s biography of Bill Gates? A．To document the personal life and career success of Bill Gates. B．To celebrate Bill Gates’s achievements in the technology industry. C．To provide a detailed account of the history of Microsoft. D．To explore the moral implications of America values. 2．Why was Bill Gates regarded a villain? ①Microsoft was so dominant as to attract the attention of antitrust regulators. ②He established the world’s largest charitable foundation and reinvented himself as a philanthropist. ③His investment in public-health initiatives exceeded many governments, thus shaping health policy accountable to only the Gateses. ④He was accused of profiting from vaccines and even injecting tiny microchips into people during the covid-19 pandemic. A．①②④ B．①③④ C．②③④ D．①②③④ 3．Which of the following is most likely to be included in this book? A．A specific description of Ms. Das’ interview with Bill Gates and the transcript of it. B．Bill Gates’ personality, hobbies, and personal anecdotes in his early life at Microsoft. C．The story that Mr. Zuckerberg faced his own crisis, and turned to Mr. Gates for advice. D．Ms. Das’ strong argument about Mr. Gates, such as concerns about inequality and privilege. 4．What is the overall tone of the author towards Bill Gates and other tech billionaires in this book? A．Neutral and informative. B．Admiring and supportive. C．Critical and disapproving. D．Sympathetic and understanding. 1 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 4 Words重难词汇精练 词汇夯基·专项突破 1 题型一、单句语法填空 1 题型二、单词拼写 3 题型三、翻译句子 5 综合攻坚·能力跃升 6 题型一、语篇语法填空 6 题型二、阅读理解 8 题型一、单句语法填空 1. Experts made an accurate ______ (estimate) of the cost before starting the construction project. 2. The ______ (evolve) of technology has transformed the way we live and work in the 21st century. 3. We need to explore all possible ______ (alternative) before making a final decision. 4. His performance was ______ (superior) to all others, earning him the first prize. 5. She moved with ______ (elegant) and grace, captivating everyone at the party. 6. The company suffered a major data breach due to a sophisticated ______ (hack) attack. 7. The ______ (extend) of the deadline gave the team more time to perfect their project. 8. This principle is ______ (universal) applicable to all situations, regardless of context. 9. Law enforcement agencies are working together to combat ______ (cybercrime) on a global scale. 10. The play’s ______ (comic) relief provided a welcome break from the intense drama. 11. The ______ (combine) of traditional and modern elements created a unique and exciting experience. 12. The team’s ______ (form) a strong bond was key to their success in the competition. 13. The ______ (horn) blared loudly as the ship entered the busy harbor. 14. There was a short ______ (interval) between the two acts of the play. 15. A sudden ______ (burst) of laughter erupted from the back of the room. 16. It was ______ (idiot) of him to ignore the safety warnings, putting himself in danger. 17. ______ (Confucian) values continue to shape social norms in many East Asian countries. 18. She has a natural talent for working with children, which makes her perfect for ______ (kindergarten) teaching. 19. The suspect was charged with ______ (murder) and awaits trial. 20. The DNA evidence proved his ______ (innocent) beyond any doubt. 21. The conflict has had a devastating impact on the lives of innocent ______ (civilian). 22. The fabric is made from a blend of natural ______ (fibre) and synthetic materials. 23. The ______ (microscope) revealed the intricate details of the cell structure. 24. She sent a small ______ (parcel) containing handmade gifts to her family. 25. The building passed its safety ______ (inspect) with flying colors. 26. Her analysis of the situation was highly ______ (subjective), reflecting her personal biases. 27. The ______ (unfair) of the system led to widespread protests and calls for reform. 28. The ______ (fox) cleverly outwitted the hunters and escaped into the forest. 29. The animal was kept in a cramped ______ (cage) for years before being rescued. 30. She spent hours ______ (knit) a warm scarf for her best friend. 1. estimation, 2. evolution, 3. alternatives, 4. superior, 5. elegance, 6. hacking, 7. extension, 8. universally, 9. cybercrimes, 10. comedic, 11. combination, 12. forming, 13. horn, 14. interval, 15. burst, 16. idiotic, 17. Confucian, 18. kindergarten, 19. murder, 20. innocence, 21. civilians, 22. fibres, 23. microscope, 24. parcel, 25. inspection, 26. subjective, 27. unfairness, 28. fox, 29. cage, 30. knitting 题型二、单词拼写 1. The restaurant offers a self-service ______ (自助餐) with a wide variety of dishes. 2. This painting is considered a ______ (最优秀的) work of art from the Renaissance period. 3. They decided to ______ (租借) an apartment near the university for the academic year. 4. The palace was a ______ (壮丽的) building with golden roofs and large gardens. 5. The cause of the fire remains ______ (神秘的), and the police are still investigating. 6. The fireworks display was absolutely ______ (壮丽的), lighting up the night sky. 7. He tried to ______ (劝诱) her to join the club, but she politely refused. 8. The movie tells a ______ (悲剧的) story of love and loss set in wartime. 9. The ______ (暴露) of the scandal led to the resignation of several government officials. 10. The author’s latest novel has a clever ______ (故事情节) with many unexpected twists. 1.buffet, 2. classic, 3. rent, 4. grand, 5. mysterious, 6. spectacular, 7. tempt, 8. tragic, 9. exposure, 10. plot 题型三、完成句子 1．令他欣慰的是，经过多次试验和失败，这位科学家终于想出了环保问题的解决方法。(hit) （汉译英） ________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】To his relief, after multiple experiments and failures, the scientist finally hit upon a solution to the environmental problems. 【详解】考查时态、固定短语。表示“令他欣慰的是”用to his relief，句首单词，首字母大写。表示“经过多次试验和失败”用after multiple experiments and failures。表示“这位科学家”用the scientist，作主语。表示“想出、发现”用hit upon，本句描述过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，谓语用过去式hit。表示“最后”用副词finally，作状语。表示“环保问题的解决方法”用a solution to the environmental problems，作hit upon的宾语。故翻译为：To his relief, after multiple experiments and failures, the scientist finally hit upon a solution to the environmental problems. 2．虽然家住奥地利，但是莫扎特的父亲和两个孩子曾数次游历欧洲，足迹遍及多国。（汉译英） ________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Although they lived in Austria, Mozart’s father and his two children traveled around Europe several times, leaving their footprints in many countries. 【详解】考查时态、让步状语从句和非谓语动词。表示“虽然”用although，引导让步状语从句，位于句首，首字母大写为Although。从句中：主语用they；表示“居住”用live，从句描述过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，谓语用过去式lived。表示“莫扎特的父亲和两个孩子”用Mozart’s father and his two children，作主句的主语。表示“游历欧洲”用travel around Europe，谓语用过去式traveled。表示“数次”用several times。表示“足迹遍及多国”用leave their footprints in many countries，此处用现在分词leaving，做伴随状语。故翻译为Although they lived in Austria, Mozart’s father and his two children traveled around Europe several times, leaving their footprints in many countries. 3．在一个寒冷的周二早上，亨利按照老师的要求打印了一份核心词汇用法的学习资料，他决心要背完至少一半，结果却发现自己完全没有学习的兴致。(request n., only, mood) （汉译英） ________________________________________________________ 【答案】On a cold Tuesday morning, Henry printed a piece of study material on the usage of core vocabulary at the request of his teacher, determined to memorize at least half of it, only to find that he was in no mood for studying. 【详解】考查时态、固定短语、非谓语动词。表示“一个寒冷的周二早上”用on a cold Tuesday morning，作时间状语，句首单词，首字母大写；表示“亨利”用Henry，作主语；表示“打印了一份核心词汇用法的学习资料”用print a study material on the usage of core vocabulary，结合语境可知事情发生在过去，时态用一般过去时，谓语用print的过去式printed；表示“按照老师的要求”用at the request of his teacher；表示“决心作某事”用be determined to do sth.，作状语，去掉be动词；表示“背完至少一半”用memorize at least half of it，位于不定式符号to后，动词用原形；表示“结果却发现自己完全没有学习的兴致”用only to find that he was in no mood for studying，其中only to do sth.作状语，表示出乎意料的结果，in no mood for doing sth.是固定短语，表示“没有做某事的心情”。故翻译为On a cold Tuesday morning, Henry printed a piece of study material on the usage of core vocabulary at the request of his teacher, determined to memorize at least half of it, only to find that he was in no mood for studying. 4．人们普遍认为，我们是否对他人的处境有同理心，是一个可能决定我们是否会向陌生人伸出援手的主要因素。(determine, reach) （汉译英） ________________________________________________________ 【答案】It is generally believed that whether we have empathy for others’ situations is a main factor that may determine whether we reach out to strangers. 【详解】考查固定句型，名词性从句和定语从句以及固定搭配。根据所给中文句子，“人们普遍认为”可用固定句型：It is generally believed that，that引导宾语从句，“我们是否对他人的处境有同理心”为whether引导的主语从句，作宾语从句的主语，“对...有同理心”可用固定搭配：have empathy for，描述客观事实，用一般现在时，“他人的处境”译为others’ situations，“是一个主要因素”作宾语从句的谓语和表语，译为is a main factor，“可能决定我们是否会向陌生人伸出援手”可用that引导的定语从句，修饰factor，在从句中作主语，“可能决定”用情态动词may，意为may determine，“否会向陌生人伸出援手”为whether引导的宾语从句，“伸出援手”用固定搭配：reach out to。故译为：It is generally believed that whether we have empathy for others’ situations is a main factor that may determine whether we reach out to strangers. 5．为了确保运动员们能够在奥运会的激烈竞争中生存下来，教练团队己精心安排他们遵循严格的训练计划，以防因不适应比赛环境而出现意外。(survive, arrange, in case) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________ 【答案】In order to ensure that athletes can survive the fierce competition in the Olympic Games, the coaching team has arranged for them to follow a strict training plan in case any accident occurs due to their inadaptability to the competition environment. 【详解】考查固定短语、宾语从句、时态和目的状语从句。“为了确保运动员们能够在奥运会的激烈竞争中生存下来”作目的状语，“为了”用固定短语in order to，后接动词原形，“确保”用动词ensure，后面接宾语从句“运动员们能够在奥运会的激烈竞争中生存下来”，用连词that引导，译为that athletes can survive the fierce competition in the Olympic Games；“教练团队己精心安排他们遵循严格的训练计划”是主句，主语“教练团队”用the coaching team，“安排他们做某事”用动词短语arrange for them to do sth.，强调已经完成的动作对现在的影响，谓语动词用现在完成时态has arranged for them to do sth.，“遵循严格的训练计划”用动词短语follow a strict training plan，用不定式形式；“以防因不适应比赛环境而出现意外”作目的状语从句，用复合连词in case引导从句，译为in case any accident occurs due to their inadaptability to the competition environment，其中介词短语due to their inadaptability to the competition environment作原因状语。综上，全句译为：In order to ensure that athletes can survive the fierce competition in the Olympic Games, the coaching team has arranged for them to follow a strict training plan in case any accident occurs due to their inadaptability to the competition environment. 6．人们普遍认为，科技的发展让我们的生活更加便利，但同时也带来了如隐私问题这样的挑战。(It) (汉译英) ______________________________________________________________ 【答案】It is commonly/generally/widely/universally believed/assumed/acknowledged that the development of science and technology has made our lives more convenient/has brought convenience to our lives, but it has also brought about challenges such as privacy concerns/problems. 【详解】考查固定句式、时态。“人们普遍认为”为 “It is commonly/generally/widely/universally believed/assumed/acknowledged that”，it做形式主语，真正的主语为that从句。“科技的发展让我们的生活更加便利，但同时也带来了如隐私问题这样的挑战”在陈述过去动作对现在造成的影响，为现在完成时。“科技的发展”为“the development of science and technology”；“让我们的生活更加便利”为“make our lives more convenient”或者“bring convenience to our lives”；“带来”为“bring about”；“挑战”为“challenges”；“如隐私问题”为“such as privacy concerns/problems”。前后句为转折关系，用but连接。故翻译为：It is commonly/generally/widely/universally believed/assumed/acknowledged that the development of science and technology has made our lives more convenient/has brought convenience to our lives, but it has also brought about challenges such as privacy concerns/problems. 7．面对电商的挑战，这家公司潜心经营，最终开发了独具匠心的产品，扭亏为盈。(turn) （汉译英） _______________________________________________ 【答案】Faced with the challenge from e-commerce, this company concentrated on management and finally developed innovative products, turning losses into profits./ Facing the challenge from e-commerce, this company concentrated on management and finally developed innovative products, turning losses into profits. 【详解】考查非谓语动词、时态和固定短语。句子描述的为过去的事情，使用一般过去时。状语“面对”为过去分词短语“faced with”（与逻辑主语this company是被动关系）或现在分词“facing”（与逻辑主语this company是主动关系），“来自……的挑战”为“challenge from”，“电商”为“e-commerce”，则“面对电商的挑战”翻译为“faced with the challenge from e-commerce”或“facing the challenge from e-commerce”；句子主语“这家公司”为“this company”，“专心做某事”为“concentrate on”，“经营”为“management”，则“潜心经营”翻译为“concentrate on management”；副词“最终”为“finally”，动词“开发”为“develop”（并列谓语动词），形容词“独具匠心的”为“innovative”，名词“产品”的复数为“products”，则“这家公司潜心经营，最终开发了独具匠心的产品”翻译为“This company concentrated on management and finally developed innovative products.”；短语“将……转变成……”为“turn...into...”，“亏损”为“losses”，“盈利”为“profits”，则结果状语“扭亏为盈”使用现在分词短语翻译为“turning losses into profits”。故“面对电商的挑战，这家公司潜心经营，最终开发了独具匠心的产品，扭亏为盈”翻译为Faced with the challenge from e-commerce, this company concentrated on management and finally developed innovative products, turning losses into profits./Facing the challenge from e-commerce, this company concentrated on management and finally developed innovative products, turning losses into profits. 8．依我看来，争论上海房价是否会持续攀升，这是一件毫无意义的事情。(point) (汉译英) ______________________________________________________________ 【答案】In my opinion/To my mind/As far as I am concerned/From where I stand/From my perspective, there is no point in arguing whether the housing prices in Shanghai will be steadily/constantly/continuously/gradually rising. 【详解】考查短语、句型和宾语从句。表示“依我看来”可用短语In my opinion/To my mind/As far as I am concerned/From where I stand/From my perspective，引出个人观点；根据所给提示词point，表示“做某事毫无意义”应用固定句型there is no point in doing sth. ；表示“争论”应用argue的动名词形式arguing，作介词in的宾语；“上海房价是否会持续攀升”为argue的宾语，应用whether引导宾语从句，其中“上海房价”应用短语housing prices in Shanghai，“攀升”应用动词rise，根据句意描述将来持续进行的动作，应用将来进行时will be rising，表示“持续”可用steadily/constantly/continuously/gradually等副词作状语，修饰rising。故翻译为In my opinion/To my mind/As far as I am concerned/From where I stand/From my perspective, there is no point in arguing whether the housing prices in Shanghai will be steadily/constantly/continuously/gradually rising. 9．汤姆从未想过他的同事把地图忘在了车里，让他们困在树林中。随着夜幕降临，他们没有相互抱怨，而是保持冷静，并最终找到了附近的一座小木屋过夜。(occur, leave, end) （汉译英） ________________________________________________________ 【答案】It never occurred to Tom that his colleague had left the map in the car, leaving them stranded in the woods. As night fell, they didn’t complain to each other but stayed calm instead, and finally found a small cabin nearby to end the night. 【详解】考查时态、固定句型和非谓语动词。表示“汤姆从未想过”用it never occurred to Tom，其中it occurred to sb. that...是固定句型，表示“某人突然想到……”，此处用其否定形式，且事情发生在过去，故用一般过去时；表示“他的同事把地图忘在了车里”用his colleague had left the map in the car，leave这一动作发生在occur之前，即“过去的过去”，故用过去完成时；表示“让他们困在树林中”用leaving them stranded in the woods，此处用现在分词作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果；表示“随着夜幕降临”用as night fell，as引导时间状语从句；表示“他们没有相互抱怨”用they didn’t complain to each other；表示“而是保持冷静”用but stayed calm instead，instead表示“相反，而是”；表示“并最终找到了附近的一座小木屋过夜”用and finally found a small cabin nearby to end the night，其中to end the night作目的状语。故翻译为It never occurred to Tom that his colleague had left the map in the car, leaving them stranded in the woods. As night fell, they didn’t complain to each other but stayed calm instead, and finally found a small cabin nearby to end the night. 10．我们没有其他选择只有认真工作，以确保所有的病人都会得到高质量的护理。(ensure) （汉译英） _____________________________________________________ 【答案】We have no choice but to work diligently to ensure that all patients have access to high quality care. 【详解】考查时态和从句。陈述客观事实，为一般现在时。“除了做某事别无选择”为“ have no choice but to do sth”；“认真工作”为“work diligently”；“确保”为“ ensure ”，动词不定式做目的状语，后接that引导的宾语从句。“所有的病人”为“all patients ”做主语；“得到”为“have access to”；“高质量的护理”为“high quality care”作宾语。故翻译为：We have no choice but to work diligently to ensure that all patients have access to high quality care. 题型一、语篇语法填空 （24-25高二下·上海杨浦·期中）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Can AI Create “Great” Poetry? Last week, I sent a request to ChatGPT, the latest artificial intelligence chatbot. In less than a minute, the program had created in full a rhyming Shakespearean sonnet (莎士比亚十四行诗). Tools like ChatGPT seem sure to change the world of poetry — and so much else — but poets also have a lot to teach us about artificial intelligence. If algorithms are getting good at writing poetry, it’s partially 1 poetry was always an algorithmic business. Even the most rebellious poets follow more rules than they might like to admit. When 2 (teach) to imitate the structure of sonnet, schoolchildren are effectively learning to follow algorithmic constraints. 3 it surprise us that computers can do so, too? But considering how ChatGPT works, its ability to follow the rules for sonnets seems 4 (impressive) as no one taught it these rules. It is based on a newer kind of AI known as a large language model (LLM). 5 (put) it simply, LLMs analyze large amounts of human writing and learn to predict the next word which should appear in a string of text, based on context. One frequent criticism of LLMs is that they do not understand 6 they write; they just do a great job of guessing the next word. The moment a private verse by Dickinson makes us feel like the poet speaks directly to us, we 7 (experience) the effects of a technology called language. Of course, every Dickinson poem reflects her intention to create meaning. When ChatGPT puts words together, it intends 8 . Some argue that writings by LLMs therefore have no meaning, only the appearance of it. If I see a cloud in the sky that looks like a giraffe, I recognize it as an accidental similarity. In the same way, this argument goes, we should regard the writings of ChatGPT as merely imitating real language, meaningless and random as cloud shapes. When I showed my friends the sonnet by ChatGPT, they called it “soulless and barren” 9 following all the rules for sonnets. But is the average sonnet by a human any better? 10 we now expect computers to write not just poems but good poems, then we have set a much higher bar. 【答案】 1．because 2．taught 3．Should 4．more impressive 5．To put 6．what 7．are experiencing 8．nothing 9．despite 10．If 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章探讨了AI创作诗歌的能力，指出虽然AI能完美遵循诗歌规则，但由于缺乏人类的理解和创作意图，其作品仍被认为是“空洞”的；同时提出思考：如果以人类的标准要求AI诗歌，实际上是设定了更高的评判标准。 1．考查表语从句。句意：如果算法越来越擅长写诗，部分原因在于诗歌本身始终是一种算法行为。空处引导表语从句，根据“poetry was always an algorithmic business”可知，此处解释“算法擅长写诗”的原因，因此用because引导从句。故填because。 2．考查状语从句中的省略。句意：当学生们被教导模仿十四行诗的结构时，他们实际上是在学习遵循算法约束。此处用了When引导时间状语从句，且从句的主语和主句的主语一致，从句中含有be动词，因此对主语和be动词同时进行了省略，teach“教导”和被省略的主语schoolchildren之间是被动关系，因此应用teach的过去分词形式。故填taught。 3．考查情态动词。句意：这也应该让我们感到惊讶吗？句子为一般疑问句，动词surprise为原形，空处应为助动词或情态动词，结合前一句内容可知，此处是对“感到惊讶”的合理性提出质疑，表示“应该让我们感到惊讶吗”，因此用情态动词should，且句首单词的首字母需大写。故填Should。 4．考查比较级。句意：但考虑到ChatGPT的工作原理，它在无人教导的情况下掌握十四行诗规则的能力似乎更加令人印象深刻。空处作表语，结合后文“as no one taught it”可知，此处暗示比较，表示比有人教的情况“更令人印象深刻”，因此用impressive的比较级形式。故填more impressive。 5．考查固定短语。句意：简而言之，LLM通过分析大量人类文本，学会根据上下文预测文本中应该出现的下一个词。to put it simply是固定短语，意为“简单来说”，用于在解释或概括复杂问题时提供简明扼要的表达方式，句首单词的首字母需大写。故填To put。 6．考查宾语从句。句意：对大语言模型的一个常见批评是，它们并不理解自己写的内容；它们只是非常擅长猜测下一个词。空处引导名词性从句作understand的宾语，宾语从句缺少宾语，结合“they write”可知，宾语指物，因此用连接代词what作引导词。故填what。 7．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：当狄金森的一首私人诗歌让我们感觉诗人直接在对我们倾诉时，我们正在体验一种叫做“语言”的技术效果。空处作主句的谓语，结合“The moment”可知，应用现在进行时强调那一刻正在发生的体验，主语是we，be动词应用are。故填are experiencing。 8．考查代词。句意：而当ChatGPT将词语组合在一起时，它没有任何意图。空处作intends的宾语，结合前一句内容可知，此处与前文Dickinson的诗歌形成对比，表示AI“没有创作意图”，因此用不定代词nothing“没有什么”。故填nothing。 9．考查介词。句意：当我把ChatGPT创作的十四行诗展示给朋友们时，尽管它完全遵循了十四行诗的所有规则，他们仍称其为“空洞无物”。空后为动名词短语，空处应用介词，结合“they called it “soulless and barren””和“following all the rules for sonnets”可知，此处是让步关系，表示“尽管它完全遵循了十四行诗的所有规则”，因此用介词despite“尽管”。故填despite。 10．考查状语从句。句意：如果我们现在期望计算机不仅能写诗，还能写出好诗，那我们就设定了更高的标准。逗号前后均为完整的句子，前半句是后半句发生的条件，空处应用从属连词if引导条件状语从句，意为“如果……”，句首单词的首字母需大写。故填If。 题型二、阅读理解 （24-25高二上·上海浦东新·期中）A biography of Bill Gates: Dollar Bill “Americans appear to be growing increasingly uneasy about billionaires,” observes Anupreeta Das, a journalist at the New York Times. With his long career and its many ups and downs, Mr. Gates is “the perfect prism (棱镜) through which to project tricky moral questions” in pursuit of a “collective rethink” about American values. In the biography, Ms. Das goes from the founding of Microsoft in 1975 to its stock market flotation (上市)11 years later. By 1995 Mr. Gates was the youngest billionaire and the richest person in America but was facing a new problem: his company was so dominant that it attracted the attention of antitrust regulators. The heroic nerd had come to be seen as a villain (反派). So, Mr. Gates reinvented himself as a philanthropist (慈善家), establishing the world’s largest charitable foundation with his then wife Melinda and promoting among other billionaires the Giving Pledge (a promise to donate most of one’s wealth to charitable causes). So successful was this reinvention that Mr. Gates was the most admired man in the world from 2014 to 2019, according toYouGov polls. But then his scandals (丑闻)led to the collapse of his marriage. At the same time, the power of his foundation began to come under increasing inspection. The foundation pours billions into public-health initiatives, outspending many governments, and thus shapes health policy in many countries — yet it is accountable to nobody but the Gateses. During the covid-19 pandemic, Mr. Gates was also the subject of conspiracy theories (阴谋论) suggesting that he was profiting from vaccines and even injecting tiny microchips into people. The hero had once again become a villain. But Ms. Das’s book is most interesting when it shows how Mr. Gates has influenced other billionaires, such as Mark Zuckerberg and Jeff Bezos, how they have followed his example, and how they have not. The book shows Mr. Gates from many angles but provides few insights of him as a person. There is a Gates-shaped hole at the centre of the narrative; Ms. Das was not allowed to interview Mr. Gates. So what does she conclude about billionaires? They are, she suggests, lightning rods.(避雷针)for deeper concerns about inequality and privilege. But she holds back from making a strong argument about Mr. Gates. A book that promises to tackle billionaires’ place in society asks many questions, but also asks readers to make up their own minds. 1．What is the main purpose of Anupreeta Das’s biography of Bill Gates? A．To document the personal life and career success of Bill Gates. B．To celebrate Bill Gates’s achievements in the technology industry. C．To provide a detailed account of the history of Microsoft. D．To explore the moral implications of America values. 2．Why was Bill Gates regarded a villain? ①Microsoft was so dominant as to attract the attention of antitrust regulators. ②He established the world’s largest charitable foundation and reinvented himself as a philanthropist. ③His investment in public-health initiatives exceeded many governments, thus shaping health policy accountable to only the Gateses. ④He was accused of profiting from vaccines and even injecting tiny microchips into people during the covid-19 pandemic. A．①②④ B．①③④ C．②③④ D．①②③④ 3．Which of the following is most likely to be included in this book? A．A specific description of Ms. Das’ interview with Bill Gates and the transcript of it. B．Bill Gates’ personality, hobbies, and personal anecdotes in his early life at Microsoft. C．The story that Mr. Zuckerberg faced his own crisis, and turned to Mr. Gates for advice. D．Ms. Das’ strong argument about Mr. Gates, such as concerns about inequality and privilege. 4．What is the overall tone of the author towards Bill Gates and other tech billionaires in this book? A．Neutral and informative. B．Admiring and supportive. C．Critical and disapproving. D．Sympathetic and understanding. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇传记评论文章。文章介绍了《Dollar Bill》这本传记如何描绘比尔·盖茨的职业生涯、他的转变、他面对的挑战以及他如何影响了其他亿万富翁。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“With his long career and its many ups and downs, Mr. Gates is ‘the perfect prism (棱镜) through which to project tricky moral questions’ in pursuit of a ‘collective rethink’ about American values.(盖茨先生漫长的职业生涯充满了起起落落，他是‘一个完美的棱镜’，通过这个棱镜可以投射出棘手的道德问题，从而促使人们对美国价值观进行‘集体反思’)”可知，Anupreeta Das写盖茨传记的主要目的是探索美国价值观的道德含义。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“By 1995 Mr. Gates was the youngest billionaire and the richest person in America but was facing a new problem: his company was so dominant that it attracted the attention of antitrust regulators.(到1995年，盖茨先生成为美国最年轻、最富有的人，但他面临着一个新的问题：他的公司占据了主导地位，引起了反垄断监管机构的注意)”可知①句“Microsoft was so dominant as to attract the attention of antitrust regulators.(微软占据了主导地位，引起了反垄断监管机构的注意)”符合题意；根据第四段中的“The foundation pours billions into public-health initiatives, outspending many governments, and thus shapes health policy in many countries - yet it is accountable to nobody but the Gateses.(该基金会向公共卫生倡议投入数十亿美元，支出超过了许多政府，从而在许多国家形成了健康政策，但它只对盖茨夫妇负责)”可知③句“His investment in public-health initiatives exceeded many governments, thus shaping health policy accountable to only the Gateses.(他在公共卫生方面的投资超过了许多政府，从而形成了只对盖茨夫妇负责的健康政策)”符合题意；根据第四段中的“During the covid-19 pandemic, Mr. Gates was also the subject of conspiracy theories (阴谋论) suggesting that he was profiting from vaccines and even injecting tiny microchips into people.(在新冠肺炎疫情期间，盖茨先生也是阴谋论的主题，这些阴谋论称他从疫苗中获利，甚至向人们注射微小的微芯片)”可知④句“He was accused of profiting from vaccines and even injecting tiny microchips into people during the covid-19 pandemic.(他被指控在新冠肺炎疫情期间从疫苗中获利，甚至向人们注射微小的微芯片)”符合题意。而②句“He established the world’s largest charitable foundation and reinvented himself as a philanthropist.(他建立了世界上最大的慈善基金会，并将自己重塑为慈善家)”是盖茨的正面行为，不符合题意。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“But Ms. Das’s book is most interesting when it shows how Mr. Gates has influenced other billionaires, such as Mark Zuckerberg and Jeff Bezos, how they have followed his example, and how they have not.(但当达斯女士的书展示了盖茨先生是如何影响其他亿万富翁的，比如马克·扎克伯格和杰夫·贝佐斯，他们是如何效仿他的，以及他们是如何没有效仿他的，这时她的书就最有趣了)”可知，这本书会讲述盖茨对其他亿万富翁的影响，包括扎克伯格。因此，扎克伯格面临自己的危机，向盖茨寻求建议的故事很可能被包括在这本书中。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“A book that promises to tackle billionaires’ place in society asks many questions, but also asks readers to make up their own minds.(一本承诺要探讨亿万富翁在社会中的地位的书提出了许多问题，但也要求读者自己做出判断)”可知，作者对盖茨和其他科技亿万富翁的态度是中立且信息丰富的。故选A项。 1 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $