Unit 2 Things that matter（单元自测·基础卷）英语沪教版选择性必修第三册

Unit 2 Things that matter单元自测·基础卷 （考试时间：90分钟 试卷满分：115分） 注意事项： 1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。 3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 4．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 I. Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分） Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. The Mona Lisa painting, which is located at the Louvre, is one of the most emblematic portraits in the history of art. Painted by Leonardo da Vinci in the 16th century, it joined the collections of the court of France before 1 (add)to the works on display at the Louvre Museum. Book your Louvre Museum ticket online. It is often said 2 the Mona Lisa painting was a work that Leonardo da Vinci, by invitation from King Francois I, 3 (bring)with him to France. The history books mention a female portrait that was with the Italian artist and scientist when he stayed at Clos Luce castle(also known as the Manoir du Cloux)near the Loire Chateau of Amboise. The composition technique of the painting makes it one of the most 4 (study)works in the history of art and by apprentice artists. It is highly regarded for its modern framing 5 a portrait that could be painted now. More subtly, optical effects are created by the positioning of the young woman’s eyes and her enigmatic smile. Some people say they feel watched by the Mona Lisa, 6 they are standing. It is undoubtedly the mystery of the Mona Lisa 7 has made it so famous. The Mona Lisa became popular with the general public when it was famously stolen in 1911. The press jumped on the event: people wanted to know who 8 have stolen the Mona Lisa painting, why, and above all how. The painting was found, and the guilty party was 9 overly nationalistic Italian named Vincenzo Peruggia, who had intended 10 (return)the work to his home country. This painting continues to surprise us. Her mystery attracts the crowds to the point of almost being an icon of the Louvre Museum. You want to know where is the Mona Lisa located? To see her, head to the Paintings Department, Denon wing, Room 6. 【答案】 1．being added 2．that 3．brought 4．studied 5．as 6．no matter where 7．that 8．could 9．an 10．to return 【导语】本文为一篇说明文，主要讲述了《蒙娜丽莎》的历史。 1．考查动名词的被动语态。句意：这幅画由达•芬奇（Leonardo da Vinci）于16世纪绘制，在加入卢浮宫博物馆展出的作品之前，它加入了法国宫廷的收藏。此处用动名词作介词before的宾语，且it与add之间是被动关系，故用动名词的被动语态，故填being added。 2．考查主语从句。句意：人们常说，《蒙娜丽莎》是达•芬奇应弗朗索瓦西国王的邀请带到法国的作品。it作形式主语，该空引导主语从句，从句中不缺成分且句意完整，所以用连接代词that引导，故填that。 3．考查动词时态。句意：人们常说，《蒙娜丽莎》是达•芬奇应弗朗索瓦西国王的邀请带到法国的作品。此处作谓语动词，主语为Leonardo da Vinci，根据前文的was可知，此处在讲述过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时，故填brought。 4．考查过去分词。句意：这幅画的构图技巧使它成为艺术史上和学徒艺术家研究最多的作品之一。此处为非谓语动词作定语，study与works之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作定语，故填studied。 5．考查介词。句意：它的现代框架被认为是现在可以画的肖像。此处意为“被认为……”，表达为be regarded as，故填as。 6．考查让步状语从句。句意：有些人说，无论他们站在哪里，他们都觉得自己被蒙娜丽莎注视着。结合句意可知，此处表示“无论哪里”，故应用no matter where引导让步状语从句，故填no matter where。 7．考查强调句。句意：毫无疑问，正是《蒙娜丽莎》的神秘性使它如此出名。此处为强调句，基本结构为it is/was+被强调部分+that+句子其他部分，此处强调句子的主语the mystery of the Mona Lisa，故填that。 8．考查情态动词。句意：人们想知道谁可能偷了蒙娜丽莎的画，为什么，最重要的是怎么偷的。此处意为“可能”，且根据wanted可知，为过去时，故应用情态动词could，故填could。 9．考查冠词。句意：这幅画被发现了，有罪的一方是一位名叫文森佐•佩鲁贾（Vincenzo Peruggia）的过分民族主义的意大利人，他原本打算将这幅画送回自己的祖国。此处“Italian意大利人”为可数名词，且此处泛指“一个过分民族主义的意大利人”，故用不定冠词，overly为元音音素开头的单词，所以用不定冠词an，故填an。 10．考查动词不定式。句意：这幅画被发现了，有罪的一方是一位名叫文森佐•佩鲁贾（Vincenzo Peruggia）的过分民族主义的意大利人，他原本打算将这幅画送回自己的祖国。此处意为“打算做某事”，表达为intend to do sth.，故填to return。 Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．sourced             B．gifted          C． house          D．demand         E. founding F. contemporary        G. culturally       H. negotiations      I. living           J. exchange K. urgently A Nigerian artist who 11 his own work to the British Museum with the hopes of receiving looted (被掠夺的) colonial art back from it has had his offer declined. The British Museum accepted a bronze plaque made by an artist Osarobo Zeickner-Okoro, from Benin City in Nigeria, who entered into 12 for the museum to return priceless Benin Bronzes that were looted by British troops in 1897. He offered his creation to encourage the museum to give back the sculptures but also to 13 acknowledgement of Benin City’s modern-day culture. The museum told him the 14 for looted artworks was impossible. Its official website acknowledges that it houses over 900 items from the city of Benin, but does not acknowledge how they were 15 . After meeting with two curators (策展人) from the museum’s Africa department, Zeickner-Okoro explained he was delighted they had accepted his gift, even though they rejected the idea of an exchange. Created from brass and bronze in the once mighty Kingdom of Benin from at least the 16th century onwards, the Benin Bronzes are among Africa’s most 16 significant artefacts. European museums that 17 them have faced years of criticism because of their status as loot and symbols of colonial greed. The British Museum has made no clear commitment despite demands from the Oba, or king, of Benin. A 18 member of Ahiamwen, a new guild of Benin City bronze casters and artists, Zeickner—Okoro wanted to change the terms of the debate by offering the museum 19 artworks untainted by any history of looting. “Part of the crime that’s been committed is that Benin has been portrayed as a dead civilisation,” he said. “The reparation is not just returning the Bronzes. It’s also acknowledging us, that we’re a 20 civilisation.” 【答案】 11．B 12．H 13．D 14．J 15．A 16．G 17．C 18．E 19．F 20．I 【导语】本文是一则新闻报道。文章介绍了一名尼日利亚艺术家将自己的作品赠送给大英博物馆，希望能从大英博物馆收回被掠夺的殖民时期的艺术品，但遭到拒绝。 11．考查动词。句意：一名尼日利亚艺术家将自己的作品捐赠给大英博物馆，希望能从大英博物馆取回被掠夺的殖民地艺术品，但他的提议遭到了拒绝。空处缺少谓语动词，gift，赠送，动词，此处陈述过去的事实，使用一般过去时，应填gifted。故选B。 12．考查名词。句意：大英博物馆接受了来自尼日利亚贝宁市的艺术家Osarobo Zeickner-Okoro制作的铜匾，他参与了让大英博物馆归还1897年被英军洗劫的无价的贝宁铜器的谈判。空处需填名词，作宾语，negotiation，谈判，可数名词，此处表示泛指，且前面没有冠词限定，需填名词复数形式。故选H。 13．考查动词。句意：他提供他的创作，以鼓励博物馆归还雕塑，但也要求承认贝宁市的现代文化。空处需填动词原形和to构成动词不定式作宾语补足语，demand，要求，动词。故选D。 14．考查名词。句意：博物馆告诉他，用劫掠的艺术品交换是不可能的。him后面为省略that的宾语从句，从句缺少主语，exchange，交换，名词。故选J。 15．考查动词。句意：它的官方网站承认，它收藏了900多件来自贝宁市的物品，但没有说明它们的来源。how引导的宾语从句缺少谓语动词，source，找出……的来源，动词，they和source为被动关系，需用被动语态，已有be动词were，空处需填过去分词。故选A。 16．考查副词。句意：贝宁青铜器是由曾经强大的贝宁王国至少从16世纪开始用黄铜和青铜制成的，是非洲最具文化意义的文物之一。修饰形容词significant需用副词作状语，culturally，从文化角度，文化意义上，副词。故选G。 17．考查动词。句意：多年来，收藏它们的欧洲博物馆一直面临着批评，因为它们是掠夺品和殖民贪婪的象征。that引导的定语从句缺少谓语动词，house，收藏，动词，此处陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语that，指代European museums，空处需填动词原形。故选C。 18．考查形容词。句意：Zeickner—Okoro是贝宁青铜铸造师和艺术家新公会Ahiamwen的创始会员，他希望通过向博物馆提供没有任何掠夺历史的当代艺术品来改变争论的条件。修饰名词member，需用形容词作定语，founding，创办的，建立的，形容词。故选E。 19．考查形容词。句意同上。修饰名词artworks，需用形容词作定语，contemporary，同时期的，形容词。故选F。 20．考查形容词。句意：“补偿不仅仅是归还青铜器。它也承认了我们，我们是一个有生命的文明。”修饰名词civilisation，需用形容词作定语，living，活着的，有生命力的，形容词。故选I。 II. Reading Comprehension (21 – 35题，每题1分；36 – 50题，每题2分；共45分) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Administrators of the Mogao Caves in Dunhuang, Gansu Province, are trying to harmonize tourists’ exploration of the site with the need to protect the murals (壁画), through innovative measures. Sandstorms, rainfall and tourist visits make up the most severe 21 to the UNESCO World Heritage Site, said Wang Xiaowei, director of the Dunhuang Grottoes Monitoring Center at the Dunhuang Academy. Since the Mogao Caves opened to the public in 1979, the number of visitors has been 22 at an average annual rate of around 20 percent, reaching 2.15 million in 2019. “If you enter the caves during the 23 tourism months of July, August and September, you’ll find it hard to breathe,” Wang said. The carbon dioxide and moisture (潮气) breathed out by visitors increase inside the caves and cause damage to the murals, Wang said. To preserve the caves, the duration of visits is 24 and sometimes stopped during rain or dust storms. To ensure visitors aren’t 25 when restrictions are set, the center provides a digital exhibition, he said. Currently, the center is being 26 to hold an additional 3,000 visitors on top of the existing capacity of 6,000. The Dunhuang Academy began 27 recording and storing images of murals and painted sculptures over 30 years ago. The digitization project has successfully 28 over 200 caves, with a dedicated team of 110 experts currently undertaking the work. “Digital technology not only serves cultural tourism but also 29 a historical record for future generations,” said Ding Xiaosheng, deputy director of the Institute of Cultural Heritage Digitization at the academy. Digitization also brings the wonders of the Mogao Caves to a 30 audience, according to Su Bomin, head of the Dunhuang Academy. “The Mogao Caves are 31 , and transporting them is impossible,” Su said. “However, with digitization, we can perfectly copy Dunhuang art exactly and show it worldwide, introducing Eastern culture to the world.” In 2016, the Digital Dunhuang went live, sharing high-definition images (高清图像) and 32 tours of the most beautiful 30 caves globally. Currently, visitors from 78 countries have 33 the murals, totaling over 16.8 million visits. Su said Dunhuang can 34 diverse cultural exchanges through its cultural relics (遗迹). “By digitizing these relics, we enable people worldwide to understand Dunhuang’s culture, thereby gaining a deeper appreciation for China’s historical 35 to diverse cultural exchanges — that is, an idea of inclusivity, mutual learning and a shared future,” he said. 21．A．shortages B．restrictions C．contributions D．threats 22．A．doubling B．growing C．continuing D．varying 23．A．cultural B．previous C．peak D．commercial 24．A．limited B．extended C．publicized D．enhanced 25．A．confused B．amazed C．scared D．disappointed 26．A．expanded B．constructed C．decorated D．repaired 27．A．objectively B．digitally C．subjectively D．independently 28．A．outlived B．highlighted C．covered D．strategized 29．A．comes across B．turns over C．leaves behind D．lets alone 30．A．global B．professional C．technological D．different 31．A．complicated B．exceptional C．controversial D．immovable 32．A．virtual B．temporary C．traditional D．steady 33．A．imitated B．accessed C．praised D．purchased 34．A．reject B．provide C．adjust D．classify 35．A．adaptation B．attention C．admission D．commitment 【答案】 21．D 22．B 23．C 24．A 25．D 26．A 27．B 28．C 29．C 30．A 31．D 32．A 33．B 34．B 35．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了敦煌莫高窟管理者以创新措施协调旅游探索与壁画保护，通过限制参观时长、扩建中心、推进数字化等，既护遗产又促全球文化交流。 21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：敦煌研究院敦煌石窟监测中心主任王晓伟表示，沙尘暴、降雨和游客来访是对联合国教科文组织世界遗产最严重的威胁。A. shortages短缺；B. restrictions限制；C. contributions贡献；D. threats威胁。根据后文“The carbon dioxide and moisture (潮气) breathed out by visitors increase inside the caves and cause damage to the murals”以及“the duration of visits is ____4____ and sometimes stopped during rain or dust storms”提到沙尘暴、降雨和游客参观会对壁画造成破坏，因此这些是对遗产地的“威胁”。故选D项。 22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：自1979年莫高窟向公众开放以来，游客人数以平均每年20%左右的速度增长，2019年达到215万。A. doubling翻倍；B. growing增长；C. continuing继续；D. varying变化。根据“the number of visitors”（游客数量）可知，与“增长”搭配，且后文“reaching 2.15 million in 2019” 印证了数量的上升趋势，“growing at an average annual rate”（年均增长率）为固定表达。故选B项。 23．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：王说：“如果你在7月、8月和9月的旅游高峰期进入洞穴，你会发现呼吸困难。”A. cultural文化的；B. previous之前的；C. peak高峰的；D. commercial商业的。根据下文“you’ll find it hard to breathe”可知，7-9 月游客密集到“hard to breathe”（难以呼吸），显然是旅游“旺季”。故选C项。 24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了保护洞穴，参观的时间是有限的，有时在下雨或沙尘暴期间停止。A. limited限制；B. extended延长；C. publicized宣传；D. enhanced加强。根据前文“The carbon dioxide and moisture (潮气) breathed out by visitors increase inside the caves and cause damage to the murals”提到游客呼出的二氧化碳和潮气会破坏壁画，因此为保护洞穴，参观时间需被“限制”。故选A项。 25．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他说，为了确保游客在受到限制时不会感到失望，该中心提供了一个数字展览。A. confused困惑的；B. amazed惊讶的；C. scared害怕的；D. disappointed失望的。根据下文“when restrictions are set, the center provides a digital exhibition”可知，设置参观限制时，为避免游客“失望”，才提供数字展览作为补充。故选D项。 26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：目前，该中心正在扩建，以在现有6000名游客的基础上再容纳3000名游客。A. expanded扩建；B. constructed建造；C. decorated装饰；D. repaired维修。根据后文“hold an additional 3,000 visitors on top of the existing capacity of 6,000”（在现有 6000 人容量基础上额外容纳 3000 人），说明中心正在“扩建”以提升容量。故选A项。 27．考查副词词义辨析。句意：30多年前，敦煌研究院开始数字化记录和存储壁画和彩绘雕塑的图像。A. objectively客观地；B. digitally数字化地；C. subjectively主观地；D. independently独立地。根据后文多次提到“digitization project”（数字化项目），此处指 30 多年前开始“数字化”记录壁画和雕塑。故选B项。 28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：数字化项目已经成功覆盖了200多个洞穴，目前由110名专家组成的专门团队正在开展这项工作。A. outlived比……长寿；B. highlighted强调；C. covered覆盖；D. strategized制定策略。根据下文“over 200 caves”可知，“数字化项目已成功覆盖 200 多个洞穴”，“cover”在此处表“包含、覆盖”，符合项目进展描述。故选C项。 29．考查动词短语辨析。句意：中国科学院文化遗产数字化研究所副所长丁晓胜表示：“数字技术不仅为文化旅游服务，也为后代留下了历史记录。”A. comes across偶然遇到；B. turns over移交；C. leaves behind留下、留存；D. lets alone更不用说。根据下文“a historical record for future generations”可知，数字技术不仅服务于文旅，还为后代“留下”历史记录。 故选C项。 30．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：敦煌研究院院长苏伯民表示，数字化也将莫高窟的奇观带给了全球观众。A. global 全球的；B. professional专业的；C. technological技术的；D. different不同的，根据后文“introducing Eastern culture to the world.”提到“向世界展示敦煌艺术”，因此数字化让敦煌奇观触达“全球”观众。故选A项。 31．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：莫高窟是不可移动的，运输它们是不可能的。A. complicated复杂的；B. exceptional例外的；C. controversial有争议的；D. immovable不可移动的。根据后文“and transporting them is impossible”提到“运输它们是不可能的”，因此敦煌洞穴是“不可移动的”。故选D项。 32．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：2016年，“数字敦煌”上线，分享全球最美丽的30个洞穴的高清图像和虚拟之旅。A. virtual虚拟的；B. temporary临时的；C. traditional传统的；D. steady稳定的。根据常识以及上文“sharing high-definition images”可知，“digital Dunhuang”（数字敦煌）提供“虚拟游览”。故选A项。 33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：目前，来自78个国家的游客参观了这些壁画，总访问量超过1680万次。A. imitated模仿；B. accessed访问；C. praised赞扬；D. purchased购买。根据句意以及下文“…the murals, totaling over 16.8 million visits”可知，78 个国家的游客通过数字平台“访问”壁画，总访问量超 1680 万次，“access”（访问、获取）符合网络场景。故选B项。 34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：苏说，敦煌可以通过其文物提供多种文化交流。A. reject拒绝；B. provide提供；C. adjust调整；D. classify分类。根据句意以及下文“diverse cultural exchanges”可知，敦煌通过文物“提供”多元文化交流的机会，。故选B项。 35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他说：“通过将这些文物数字化，我们使全世界的人都能了解敦煌文化，从而更深入地了解中国对多元文化交流的历史承诺——即包容、互鉴和共享未来的理念。”A. adaptation适应；B. attention关注；C. admission承认；D. commitment承诺。根据后文“an idea of inclusivity, mutual learning and a shared future”（包容、互鉴、共享未来的理念）可知，中国对多元文化交流的“承诺”，即包容、互鉴、共享未来的理念。故选D项。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. A Science is always seen as hard-core and hard to understand. But can you even imagine that hundreds of people could be deeply captivated by the cover of a science magazine? This impressive achievement was realized when Wang Yixi and his team created the cover for an October issue of Structure — a well-known journal based in the United States and part of Cell Press.​ The cover shows a Chinese ink painting of a farmer leading an ox across a bridge, followed by a boy with a bamboo basket on his back. In addition to the jelly fish and lotus flowers in the river under the bridge, chemical compounds and elemental structures were highlighted and weaved into the picture. It vividly depicts the process in which a special enzyme (酶) involved in the biosynthesis (生物合成) of an important organic compound is activated — the latest breakthrough by a Chinese scientific research team. The drawing was one of many works by Wang and his team. Over the past four years, they have come up with more than 10,000 visual works for academic papers across a variety of fields. While studying chemistry at university, Wang said that he often came across an experimental preparation process that he had to explain, but the amount of text was too large and abstract. That’s why he later ran Xixizhiyan company to turn graphics into fine art. “What we do is to visualize abstract concepts and help scientific researchers demonstrate their findings in a straightforward and distinctive way,” said Wang, now in his 30s. Wang said that many science journals have allowed, and even encouraged, paper authors to come up with such illustrations. The rapidly rising number of Chinese scientific papers has resulted in increased demand from Chinese scientists who want illustrations for their work to carry distinctive Chinese elements. “The most popular cultural elements include tai chi and peony flowers, as well as the Monkey King and other figures from classic Chinese literature works,” Wang said. Since many Western editors or paper reviewers might not be familiar with some Chinese elements, Wang recommends that his clients submit certain introductory words explaining the drawings, such as how they are associated with the science. “It’s fulfilling whenever we produce a special piece of work that combines cutting-edge scientific findings and traditional Chinese culture that meets the expectations of the client,” Wang said. 36．What does the illustration mentioned in the first two paragraphs essentially show? A．The discovery of a new species. B．The formation process of a compound. C．A beautiful rural scene in China. D．A recent scientific achievement. 37．The underlined word “captivated” in Paragraph 1 probably means ________. A．confused​ B．misled​ C．fascinated D．encouraged 38．Who are the target clients for Wang’s illustrations? A．Chinese research paper authors. B．Western scientific community. C．Science journal editors. D．Scientific photographers. 39．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Wang’s team aids scientists with paper illustrations.​ B．Chinese culture appears in global science journals.​ C．Wang’s team makes scientific art with Chinese culture.​ D．Science journals need creative Chinese visual works. 【答案】36．D 37．C 38．A 39．C 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了王一喜团队将中国传统文化元素融入科学插画，把抽象科研成果可视化，助力中国科学家的论文登上国际期刊，深受认可。 36．推理判断题。根据第三段“It vividly depicts the process in which a special enzyme (酶) involved in the biosynthesis (生物合成) of an important organic compound is activated — the latest breakthrough by a Chinese scientific research team. (它生动地描绘了一种参与重要有机化合物生物合成的特殊酶被激活的过程——这是中国科研团队的最新突破。)”可推知，前两段提到的插图主要说明了最近的科学成就。故选D项。 37．词句猜测题。根据第一段中“Science is always seen as hard-core and hard to understand. (科学总是被视为硬核，难以理解。)”以及划线单词句中“But can you even imagine that hundreds of people could be deeply … by the cover of a science magazine? (是你能想象成百上千的人会被一本科学杂志的封面深深……？)”可知，第一段开头提到科学常被认为晦涩难懂，由此可推知，随后用转折引出“数百人被科学杂志封面吸引”。结合语境，“captivated”与 C选项“fascinated”（使着迷、吸引）语义一致。故选C项。 38．推理判断题。根据第六段““What we do is to visualize abstract concepts and help scientific researchers demonstrate their findings in a straightforward and distinctive way,” said Wang, now in his 30s. (“我们所做的就是将抽象概念形象化，并帮助科学研究人员以一种直接而独特的方式展示他们的发现，”现年30多岁的王说。)”以及第七段中“Wang said that many science journals have allowed, and even encouraged, paper authors to come up with such illustrations. (王说，许多科学期刊已经允许，甚至鼓励论文作者提出这样的插图。)”可知，王一喜团队为各领域学术论文创作可视化作品，且中国科研论文数量增长，催生了中国科学家对带有中国特色插画的需求。同时团队会建议客户（即论文作者）附上插画说明，由此可知目标客户是中国科研论文作者。故选A项。 39．主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及最后一段““It’s fulfilling whenever we produce a special piece of work that combines cutting-edge scientific findings and traditional Chinese culture that meets the expectations of the client,” Wang said. ( 王说：“每当我们制作出一件结合了前沿科学发现和中国传统文化的特殊作品，满足客户的期望时，我们都会感到很满足。”)”可知，全文围绕王一喜团队展开，核心内容是他们将前沿科学成果与中国传统文化元素结合，创作学术论文插画并登上国际知名期刊。故选C项。 B From the time human beings began to draw them, maps have helped people find their way around their environments. But maps can show us many things, not just which direction to go. They show the path of history, the earth’s shape development of mathematics, and the progress of technology. One of the oldest-known land maps is an almost 1,600-year-old tablet from Southwest Asia. The map shows a circle of land that is divided by a river and surrounded by ocean. Triangles on the map indicate eight different regions. And the map’s text describes legendary beasts and heroes that were important to the ancient people of the area. Around AD 150,a Greek scientist drew north-south and east-west lines on a map. This addition applies mathematics to mapping and was an early attempt to show the earth’s shape on a flat piece of paper. Maps gradually became much more detailed as new regions were explored and put down on paper. Also, mathematical and astronomical advances helped to perfect the world map to what we know and love today! Now that you know a little about the early history of maps, lets learn some fun facts. East at the Top These days, most maps feature north at the top. However, during the Middle Ages, most maps had east at the top. This was done to point in the direction of the morning sun. Puzzle Maps When printed maps became available to the general population in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, not everyone could understand them. In fact, the first jigsaw puzzles(拼图游戏)were designed as practice maps for eighteenth-century geography classes! Fake Places Mapmakers need to make sure that their work is not copied by others. To protect their work, many mapmakers add made-up towns or streets to their maps. Only the original mapmaker would know about the fake entry. Modern Technology Today, digital maps and GPS technology have revolutionized the way we explore our world. With the touch of a screen, we can see our exact location, plan routes, and even view real-time traffic updates. 40．Which of the following pictures best shows the modern form of the Greek scientist’s addition to the map? A． B． C． D． 41．Fake towns or streets were often added to maps ________. A．so that it would be clear if someone copied the map. B．to make the maps less boring and more accurate. C．as a tricky challenge for people to take on. D．to help people practice how to read complicated maps. 42．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To show the development of mapping technology. B．To explain the importance of maps throughout history. C．To introduce the history of maps and some interesting facts. D．To teach some map-making tricks and techniques. 【答案】40．B 41．A 42．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了地图的历史以及一些有趣的地图相关知识。 40．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Around AD 150,a Greek scientist drew north-south and east-west lines on a map.(大约公元150年，一位希腊科学家在地图上画出了南北和东西方向的线)”可知，地图中显示了经纬线，选项B图中这符合描述。故选B。 41．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Fake Places”部分“Mapmakers need to make sure that their work is not copied by others. To protect their work, many mapmakers add made-up towns or streets to their maps. Only the original mapmaker would know about the fake entry.(制图师需要确保他们的作品不会被他人抄袭。为了保护他们的作品，许多制图师在地图中添加虚构的小镇或街道。只有原始制图师知道这些虚构的内容)”可知，添加虚构的城镇或街道是为了看是否有人抄袭地图。故选A。 42．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Now that you know a little about the early history of maps, lets learn some fun facts.(既然你已经对地图的早期历史有所了解，那我们来了解一些有趣的事实吧)”以及文章内容可知，文章的主要目的是介绍地图的历史和一些有趣的事实。故选C。 C “Assume you are wrong.” The advice came from Brian Nosek, a psychology professor, who was offering a strategy for pursuing better science.   To understand the context for Nosek’s advice, we need to take a step back to the nature of science itself. You see despite what many of us learned in elementary school, there is no single scientific method. Just as scientific theories become elaborated and change, so do scientific methods.   But methodological reform hasn’t come without some fretting and friction. Nasty things have been said by and about methodological reformers. Few people like having the value of their life’s work called into question. On the other side, few people are good at voicing criticisms in kind and constructive ways. So, part of the challenge is figuring out how to bake critical self-reflection into the culture of science itself, so it unfolds as a welcome and integrated part of the process, and not an embarrassing sideshow.   What Nosek recommended was a strategy for changing the way we offer and respond to critique. Assuming you are right might be a motivating force, sustaining the enormous effort that conducting scientific work requires. But it also makes it easy to interpret criticisms as personal attacks. Beginning, instead, from the assumption you are wrong, a criticism is easier to interpret as a constructive suggestion for how to be less wrong — a goal that your critic probably shares.   One worry about this approach is that it could be demoralizing for scientists. Striving to be less wrong might be a less effective motivation than the promise of being right. Another concern is that a strategy that works well within science could backfire when it comes to communicating science with the public. Without an appreciation for how science works, it’s easy to take uncertainty or disagreements as marks against science, when in fact they reflect some of the very features of science that make it our best approach to reaching reliable conclusions about the world. Science is reliable because it responds to evidence: as the quantity and quality of our evidence improves, our theories can and should change, too.   Despite these worries, I like Nosek’s suggestion because it builds in cognitive humility along with a sense that we can do better. It also builds in a sense of community — we’re all in the same boat when it comes to falling short of getting things right.   Unfortunately, this still leaves us with an untested hypothesis: that assuming one is wrong can change community norms for the better, and ultimately support better science and even, perhaps, better decisions in life. I don’t know if that’s true. In fact, I should probably assume that it’s wrong. But with the benefit of the scientific community and our best methodological tools, I hope we can get it less wrong, together. 43．According to Paragraph 3, “some fretting and friction” refers to the fact that methodological reformers ______. A．feel reluctant to reflect on themselves B．are unable to provide valuable work C．don’t offer constructive criticisms D．meet with harsh personal attacks 44．Which of the following statements is TRUE about the “assume you are wrong” strategy? A．It will make scientific conclusions less reliable. B．It can enhance the public’s understanding of science. C．It may lead to an increase in the motivation of scientists. D．It can promote a positive interpretation of criticisms. 45．According to the passage, what is the author most likely to agree on? A．Nosek’s strategy has been proven to improve scientific outcomes and decision-making. B．The scientific community should reject untested hypotheses to avoid misleading the public. C．Nosek’s emphasis on cognitive modesty holds potential for collective progress in science. D．Scientists are advised to adopt the same perspectives to achieve the “sense of community”. 46．______ best fits the “assume you are wrong” strategy. A．Encouraging business leaders to always trust their instincts in making decisions B．Promoting a culture where teachers actively seek feedback to improve teaching C．Training politicians to be more defensive about their policies to avoid admitting faults D．Advising journalists to stick to their narratives despite opposing views 【答案】43．D 44．D 45．C 46．B 【导语】这是一篇议论文。本文围绕心理学教授布莱恩・诺塞克（Brian Nosek）提出的“假设自己错误”策略展开，探讨其在科学领域的意义与争议。 43．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Nasty things have been said by and about methodological reformers. Few people like having the value of their life’s work called into question. On the other side, few people are good at voicing criticisms in kind and constructive ways.( 方法论改革家说了很多难听的话，也说了很多关于他们的坏话。很少有人喜欢自己毕生工作的价值受到质疑。另一方面，很少有人善于以善意和建设性的方式提出批评。)”可知，第三段提到，方法论改革伴随“fretting and friction”，具体表现为“Nasty things have been said by and about methodological reformers”（改革者被他人恶语相向，彼此间也有恶言）。这表明改革者面临严厉的人身攻击。故选D项。 44．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Assuming you are right might be a motivating force, sustaining the enormous effort that conducting scientific work requires. But it also makes it easy to interpret criticisms as personal attacks. Beginning, instead, from the assumption you are wrong, a criticism is easier to interpret as a constructive suggestion for how to be less wrong — a goal that your critic probably shares.( 假设你是对的，可能是一种激励力量，维持进行科学工作所需的巨大努力。但这也很容易将批评解读为人身攻击。相反，从假设你是错的开始，批评更容易被解释为如何减少错误的建设性建议-这可能是你的批评者的共同目标。)”可知，第四段指出，假设自己错误能将批评视为“constructive suggestion for how to be less wrong(建设性改进建议)”，而非人身攻击。这与积极解读批评的策略一致。故选D项。 45．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Despite these worries, I like Nosek’s suggestion because it builds in cognitive humility along with a sense that we can do better. It also builds in a sense of community — we’re all in the same boat when it comes to falling short of getting things right.( 尽管存在这些担忧，但我喜欢诺塞克的建议，因为它建立了认知上的谦卑，以及我们可以做得更好的感觉。它还建立了一种社区意识——当我们做错事的时候，我们都在同一条船上。)”可推知，根据文章，作者最可能同意的观点是认知谦逊有望推动科学集体进步。故选C项。 46．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Unfortunately, this still leaves us with an untested hypothesis: that assuming one is wrong can change community norms for the better, and ultimately support better science and even, perhaps, better decisions in life. I don’t know if that’s true. In fact, I should probably assume that it’s wrong. But with the benefit of the scientific community and our best methodological tools, I hope we can get it less wrong, together.( 不幸的是，这仍然给我们留下了一个未经检验的假设：假设一个人是错的，可以使社会规范变得更好，并最终支持更好的科学，甚至可能是更好的生活决策。我不知道这是不是真的。事实上，我应该假设这是错的。但是有了科学界和我们最好的方法论工具的帮助，我希望我们能一起减少错误。)”可推知，“assume you are wrong”策略的核心是主动接纳批评、寻求改进。选项B中教师通过反馈优化教学，体现了这一理念。故选B项。 Section C Directions: Read the following passages. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Students’ Journey to Empower Rural Heritage From Aug. 18 to 22 a team of 15 Tsinghua University students, representing diverse backgrounds from China, South Korea, Malaysia, and Indonesia, set foot on an overseas research exploration focusing on rural revitalization (振兴) in Indonesian villages, particularly within Nusa Tenggara Barat(NTB). With the diverse cultural heritage, Indonesia is home to over 83,000 villages, each radiating its own charm and character. 47 The research mission took the students to Sukarara and Sade villages, two of NTB’s tourist destinations. 48 Sukarara and Sade are a world apart from the busy cities to which most of us are accustomed. The villages are a living test to Indonesia’s rich culture and its devotion to preserving traditions. Revitalizing these villages goes beyond mere economic development. 49 The weaving skills and architectural techniques of Sukarara and Sade villages are not only beautiful, but they are also an inseparable part to the identity of these communities. It’s essential that they strike a balance between progress and preservation. As the journey came to an end, the students carry with them not only the memories of their experiences there, but also the responsibility to make a positive impact on these remarkable places. 50 They are optimistic that Indonesian villages can experience meaningful development, ultimately leading to increased opportunities for employment and an improved quality of life. A．While these villages possess undeniable fascination, many remain underdeveloped. B．This effort includes the knowledge exchange between the students and local villagers. C．Both were selected for revitalization efforts led by the Village Revitalization Team. D．In Sukarara, a local tradition requires girls to master weaving skills before marriage. E．They decide to be a bridge between tradition and progress, united for their growth. F．It’s about preserving the cultural heritage and ensuring traditions being passed down. 【答案】47．A 48．C 49．F 50．E 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道，文章讲述来自中国、韩国、马来西亚和印度尼西亚的15名清华大学学生组成的团队在印度尼西亚的村庄开始了一场聚焦乡村振兴的海外研究探索之旅。 47．由上文“With the diverse cultural heritage, Indonesia is home to over 83,000 villages, each radiating its own charm and character. (印尼拥有丰富多样的文化遗产，拥有83000多个村庄，每个村庄都散发着自己的魅力和特色。)”可知，在印尼拥有很多有特色的村庄。而A项While these villages possess undeniable fascination, many remain underdeveloped. (尽管这些村庄具有不可否认的魅力，但许多村庄仍处于欠发达状态)符合语境，有承上作用，其中these villages与上文83,000 villages对应，fascination与上文charm对应。故选A项。 48．由上文“The research mission took the students to Sukarara and Sade villages, two of NTB’s tourist destinations.(研究团将学生们带到了NTB的两个旅游目的地Sukarara和Sade村。)”可知，学生们去了Sukarara和Sade村，而C项Both were selected for revitalization efforts led by the Village Revitalization Team.(两个村都被选中参加由乡村振兴工作队领导的振兴工作)符合语境，有承上作用，其中Both指代上文Sukarara and Sade villages。故选C项。 49．由上文“The villages are a living test to Indonesia’s rich culture and its devotion to preserving traditions. Revitalizing these villages goes beyond mere economic development. (这些村庄是对印尼丰富文化和保护传统的一次活生生的考验。振兴这些村庄不仅仅是经济发展)”可知，振兴这些村庄不仅仅是经济发展，而F项It’s about preserving the cultural heritage and ensuring traditions being passed down.(这是关于保护文化遗产和确保传统传承)符合语境，有承上启下作用。其中It指代上文The Revitalizing these villages，而traditions与下文The weaving skills and architectural techniques对应。故选F项。 50．由上文“As the journey came to an end, the students carry with them not only the memories of their experiences there; but also the responsibility to make a positive impact on these remarkable places.  (随着旅程的结束，学生们不仅带着他们在那里经历的记忆，还肩负着对这些非凡地方产生积极影响的责任)”可知，学生们肩负着对这些非凡地方产生积极影响的责任。而E项They decide to be a bridge between tradition and progress, united for their growth.(他们决定成为传统与进步之间的桥梁，为它们的成长而团结一致)符合语境，有承上作用，其中They代指前文the students。故选E项。 III. Summary Writing (10分) 51．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. The Fear of Taking Risks May Be Holding You Back Your brain will try to convince you to play it safe and tell you that you can’t succeed or that you shouldn’t bother trying something new. But even when these thoughts lack a rational (理性的) basis, we sometimes allow our anxiety to prevail (占上风). The problem is that we often base our decisions on emotion rather than logic. We incorrectly assume that there’s a direct relation between our fear level and the risk level. However, learning to take healthy risks can improve your life. If you find yourself fearing to take healthy,calculated risks, there are two strategies that can help. To begin with, balance your emotions with logic.Too often, we think our fear is related to the level of the risk. The scarier something feels, the riskier it must be. Driving a car probably doesn’t feel risky, but giving a speech might feel like a huge risk. Yet your chances of injury or death are higher when you’re behind the wheel. Spend a few minutes thinking about the actual level of risk. Ask yourself, “What risk do I actually face? How can I handle it if it doesn’t work out?” In addition, increase your chances of success. There are steps you can take to reduce the risk that you face. Spend time practicing a speech before you deliver it, which could increase your chances of success. Rather than spend time trying to decrease your fear, put your energy into increasing your chances of success. Facing your fears is a key component in developing the mental strength you need. It helps you learn to tolerate uncertainty and anxiety. It also provides you with a chance to sharpen your skills and learn from your mistake. With practice, you can get better at calculating risk. And as you improve, your chances of success will skyrocket. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Fear of risks holds people back due to emotional rather than logical decision-making. However, two strategies are helpful. First, balance emotions with logic by assessing actual risk levels. Second, boost success chances by focusing on preparation. Facing fears helps build mental resilience, improve risk calculation, and enhance success likelihood. (49 words) 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了人们因受情绪影响害怕冒险而停滞不前，进而给出平衡情绪与逻辑、提升成功概率两种应对策略，同时说明直面恐惧的积极意义。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①Your brain will try to convince you to play it safe and tell you that you can’t succeed or that you shouldn’t bother trying something new. ②We often base our decisions on emotion rather than logic. We incorrectly assume that there’s a direct relation between our fear level and the risk level. ③Balance your emotions with logic. Spend a few minutes thinking about the actual level of risk. ④Increase your chances of success. Put your energy into increasing your chances of success. ⑤Facing your fears is a key component in developing the mental strength you need. It helps you learn to tolerate uncertainty and anxiety. ⑥With practice, you can get better at calculating risk. And as you improve, your chances of success will skyrocket. 2.缜密构思 将第①、②两个要点进行重组，作为开头。将第③、④要点进行整合，作为核心方法。最后将第⑤、⑥要点进行合并，作为总结。 3.遣词造句 Fear of risks holds people back due to emotional rather than logical decision-making. Balance emotions with logic by assessing actual risk levels. Boost success chances by focusing on preparation. Facing fears helps build mental resilience, improve risk calculation, and enhance success likelihood. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Fear of risks holds people back as they make decisions based on emotion rather than logic.(运用了as引导的原因状语从句，清晰阐明人们因情绪主导决策而受恐惧束缚的因果关系) 【高分句型2】However, healthy calculated risks benefit life, with two strategies: balancing emotions with logic by assessing actual risks and boosting success chances through preparation.(运用了with复合结构和并列动名词短语，with 引导的短语简洁引出应对策略，并列的动名词短语明确两种策略的具体做法，句式紧凑且信息完整) IV. Translation (第1-2句，每句3分；第3句，4分；第4句5分；共15分) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52．外卖骑手因交通违法导致的事故屡见不鲜。(who) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Takeaway riders who violate traffic regulations lead to frequent accidents. 【详解】考查定语从句和短语。表示“外卖骑手”应用名词短语takeaway riders；表示“交通违法”短语为violate traffic regulations，用定语从句who violate traffic regulations修饰takeaway riders；表示“导致的事故屡见不鲜”译为lead to frequent accidents。故翻译为Takeaway riders who violate traffic regulations lead to frequent accidents. 53．如果你不是真的对这个比赛感兴趣，何必费口舌打听呢？（bother）（汉译英） 【答案】Why bother asking if you are not really interested in the match?/Why bother to ask if you are not really interested in the match? 【详解】考查固定搭配、条件状语从句。表示“费心做某事”可用固定搭配bother doing (已做)，或bother to do (未做)；表示“打听”可用ask；表示“如果你不是真的对这个比赛感兴趣”可用if you are not really interested in the match；句首单词首字母用大写；故填Why bother asking if you are not really interested in the match? 或Why bother to ask if you are not really interested in the match? 54．现代生活中，长期的压力可能对身心健康造成严重影响，因此学会管理压力至关重要。(stress) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】In modern life, long-term stress may cause serious impacts on physical and mental health, so it is crucial to learn to manage stress. 【详解】考查固定短语和时态。表示“现代生活中”短语为in modern life；表示“长期的压力”用long-term stress，作主语；表示“对……造成严重影响”短语为cause serious impacts on，且may后跟动词原形；表示“身心健康”为physical and mental health；so表示因果关系，表示“做某事至关重要”句型为it be crucial to do sth.，陈述事实用一般现在时；表示“学会管理压力”为learn to manage stress。故翻译为In modern life, long-term stress may cause serious impacts on physical and mental health, so it is crucial to learn to manage stress. 55．面对自然灾害时，高效的应对措施不仅能减少经济损失，还能缓解民众的心理压力，这需要政府和社区的共同努力。(disaster) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】When facing natural disasters, efficient response measures can not only reduce economic losses but also alleviate the psychological pressure of the public, which requires the joint efforts of the government and communities. 【详解】考查状语从句和定语从句。表示“当……时候”用when，引导时间状语从句，且为省略句，表示“面对自然灾害”为facing natural disasters；表示“高效的应对措施”用efficient response measures，作主语；表示“不仅……而且……”句型为not only…but also…；表示“减少经济损失”为reduce economic losses；表示“缓解民众的心理压力”为alleviate the psychological pressure of the public，can后跟动词原形；后跟非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词efficient response measures，在从句作主语，指物，故用which；表示“需要”用动词require；表示“政府和社区的共同努力”为the joint efforts of the government and communities，陈述事实用一般现在时。故翻译为When facing natural disasters, efficient response measures can not only reduce economic losses but also alleviate the psychological pressure of the public, which requires the joint efforts of the government and communities. V.Guided Writing (共25分) 56．Directions: Write an English composition in 120—150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假定你是中学生李华，你的美国朋友Eric下个月将要来中国交流学习，体验中国文化。请你写一封信向他简单介绍一下中国特有的文化、习俗或现象，并举一到两个事例加以说明。(如：语言、教育、礼仪、饮食、生活习惯、婚姻家庭等方面) ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Dear Eric, I am excited to hear that you will be coming to China next month to experience our culture. As a Chinese high school student, I would like to briefly introduce some unique cultural customs or phenomena that you might encounter here. Firstly, our language is widely spoken and has many nuances. For example, the word “ma” can mean “horse” or “mother” depending on the intonation. Secondly, education is highly valued in China, and students work tremendously hard to meet the expectations of their families and society. In terms of etiquette, we have many traditional customs, such as bowing, exchanging gifts, and respecting elders. Moreover, our foods and drinks are diverse and can be quite exotic to foreigners, such as street food like stinky tofu and hotpot. I hope these examples can give you some insights into our unique culture. I am looking forward to showing you more aspects of China when you arrive. Best regards, Li Hua 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给美国朋友Eric写一封信向他简单介绍一下中国特有的文化、习俗或现象，并举一到两个事例加以说明。 【详解】1.词汇积累 遇到：encounter→ come across 首先：firstly→ first of all 例如：for example→ for instance 珍惜：value→ treasure 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Firstly, our language is widely spoken and has many nuances. 拓展句：Firstly, our language is widely spoken, which has many nuances. 【点睛】【高分句型1】As a Chinese high school student, I would like to briefly introduce some unique cultural customs or phenomena that you might encounter here.（运用了that引导的限制性定语从句） 【高分句型2】I am looking forward to showing you more aspects of China when you arrive.（运用了动名词作宾语以及when引导的时间状语从句） 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 2 Things that matter单元自测·基础卷 （考试时间：90分钟 试卷满分：115分） 注意事项： 1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。 3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 4．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 I. Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分） Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. The Mona Lisa painting, which is located at the Louvre, is one of the most emblematic portraits in the history of art. Painted by Leonardo da Vinci in the 16th century, it joined the collections of the court of France before 1 (add)to the works on display at the Louvre Museum. Book your Louvre Museum ticket online. It is often said 2 the Mona Lisa painting was a work that Leonardo da Vinci, by invitation from King Francois I, 3 (bring)with him to France. The history books mention a female portrait that was with the Italian artist and scientist when he stayed at Clos Luce castle(also known as the Manoir du Cloux)near the Loire Chateau of Amboise. The composition technique of the painting makes it one of the most 4 (study)works in the history of art and by apprentice artists. It is highly regarded for its modern framing 5 a portrait that could be painted now. More subtly, optical effects are created by the positioning of the young woman’s eyes and her enigmatic smile. Some people say they feel watched by the Mona Lisa, 6 they are standing. It is undoubtedly the mystery of the Mona Lisa 7 has made it so famous. The Mona Lisa became popular with the general public when it was famously stolen in 1911. The press jumped on the event: people wanted to know who 8 have stolen the Mona Lisa painting, why, and above all how. The painting was found, and the guilty party was 9 overly nationalistic Italian named Vincenzo Peruggia, who had intended 10 (return)the work to his home country. This painting continues to surprise us. Her mystery attracts the crowds to the point of almost being an icon of the Louvre Museum. You want to know where is the Mona Lisa located? To see her, head to the Paintings Department, Denon wing, Room 6. Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．sourced             B．gifted          C． house          D．demand         E. founding F. contemporary        G. culturally       H. negotiations      I. living           J. exchange K. urgently A Nigerian artist who 11 his own work to the British Museum with the hopes of receiving looted (被掠夺的) colonial art back from it has had his offer declined. The British Museum accepted a bronze plaque made by an artist Osarobo Zeickner-Okoro, from Benin City in Nigeria, who entered into 12 for the museum to return priceless Benin Bronzes that were looted by British troops in 1897. He offered his creation to encourage the museum to give back the sculptures but also to 13 acknowledgement of Benin City’s modern-day culture. The museum told him the 14 for looted artworks was impossible. Its official website acknowledges that it houses over 900 items from the city of Benin, but does not acknowledge how they were 15 . After meeting with two curators (策展人) from the museum’s Africa department, Zeickner-Okoro explained he was delighted they had accepted his gift, even though they rejected the idea of an exchange. Created from brass and bronze in the once mighty Kingdom of Benin from at least the 16th century onwards, the Benin Bronzes are among Africa’s most 16 significant artefacts. European museums that 17 them have faced years of criticism because of their status as loot and symbols of colonial greed. The British Museum has made no clear commitment despite demands from the Oba, or king, of Benin. A 18 member of Ahiamwen, a new guild of Benin City bronze casters and artists, Zeickner—Okoro wanted to change the terms of the debate by offering the museum 19 artworks untainted by any history of looting. “Part of the crime that’s been committed is that Benin has been portrayed as a dead civilisation,” he said. “The reparation is not just returning the Bronzes. It’s also acknowledging us, that we’re a 20 civilisation.” II. Reading Comprehension (21 – 35题，每题1分；36 – 50题，每题2分；共45分) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Administrators of the Mogao Caves in Dunhuang, Gansu Province, are trying to harmonize tourists’ exploration of the site with the need to protect the murals (壁画), through innovative measures. Sandstorms, rainfall and tourist visits make up the most severe 21 to the UNESCO World Heritage Site, said Wang Xiaowei, director of the Dunhuang Grottoes Monitoring Center at the Dunhuang Academy. Since the Mogao Caves opened to the public in 1979, the number of visitors has been 22 at an average annual rate of around 20 percent, reaching 2.15 million in 2019. “If you enter the caves during the 23 tourism months of July, August and September, you’ll find it hard to breathe,” Wang said. The carbon dioxide and moisture (潮气) breathed out by visitors increase inside the caves and cause damage to the murals, Wang said. To preserve the caves, the duration of visits is 24 and sometimes stopped during rain or dust storms. To ensure visitors aren’t 25 when restrictions are set, the center provides a digital exhibition, he said. Currently, the center is being 26 to hold an additional 3,000 visitors on top of the existing capacity of 6,000. The Dunhuang Academy began 27 recording and storing images of murals and painted sculptures over 30 years ago. The digitization project has successfully 28 over 200 caves, with a dedicated team of 110 experts currently undertaking the work. “Digital technology not only serves cultural tourism but also 29 a historical record for future generations,” said Ding Xiaosheng, deputy director of the Institute of Cultural Heritage Digitization at the academy. Digitization also brings the wonders of the Mogao Caves to a 30 audience, according to Su Bomin, head of the Dunhuang Academy. “The Mogao Caves are 31 , and transporting them is impossible,” Su said. “However, with digitization, we can perfectly copy Dunhuang art exactly and show it worldwide, introducing Eastern culture to the world.” In 2016, the Digital Dunhuang went live, sharing high-definition images (高清图像) and 32 tours of the most beautiful 30 caves globally. Currently, visitors from 78 countries have 33 the murals, totaling over 16.8 million visits. Su said Dunhuang can 34 diverse cultural exchanges through its cultural relics (遗迹). “By digitizing these relics, we enable people worldwide to understand Dunhuang’s culture, thereby gaining a deeper appreciation for China’s historical 35 to diverse cultural exchanges — that is, an idea of inclusivity, mutual learning and a shared future,” he said. 21．A．shortages B．restrictions C．contributions D．threats 22．A．doubling B．growing C．continuing D．varying 23．A．cultural B．previous C．peak D．commercial 24．A．limited B．extended C．publicized D．enhanced 25．A．confused B．amazed C．scared D．disappointed 26．A．expanded B．constructed C．decorated D．repaired 27．A．objectively B．digitally C．subjectively D．independently 28．A．outlived B．highlighted C．covered D．strategized 29．A．comes across B．turns over C．leaves behind D．lets alone 30．A．global B．professional C．technological D．different 31．A．complicated B．exceptional C．controversial D．immovable 32．A．virtual B．temporary C．traditional D．steady 33．A．imitated B．accessed C．praised D．purchased 34．A．reject B．provide C．adjust D．classify 35．A．adaptation B．attention C．admission D．commitment Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. A Science is always seen as hard-core and hard to understand. But can you even imagine that hundreds of people could be deeply captivated by the cover of a science magazine? This impressive achievement was realized when Wang Yixi and his team created the cover for an October issue of Structure — a well-known journal based in the United States and part of Cell Press.​ The cover shows a Chinese ink painting of a farmer leading an ox across a bridge, followed by a boy with a bamboo basket on his back. In addition to the jelly fish and lotus flowers in the river under the bridge, chemical compounds and elemental structures were highlighted and weaved into the picture. It vividly depicts the process in which a special enzyme (酶) involved in the biosynthesis (生物合成) of an important organic compound is activated — the latest breakthrough by a Chinese scientific research team. The drawing was one of many works by Wang and his team. Over the past four years, they have come up with more than 10,000 visual works for academic papers across a variety of fields. While studying chemistry at university, Wang said that he often came across an experimental preparation process that he had to explain, but the amount of text was too large and abstract. That’s why he later ran Xixizhiyan company to turn graphics into fine art. “What we do is to visualize abstract concepts and help scientific researchers demonstrate their findings in a straightforward and distinctive way,” said Wang, now in his 30s. Wang said that many science journals have allowed, and even encouraged, paper authors to come up with such illustrations. The rapidly rising number of Chinese scientific papers has resulted in increased demand from Chinese scientists who want illustrations for their work to carry distinctive Chinese elements. “The most popular cultural elements include tai chi and peony flowers, as well as the Monkey King and other figures from classic Chinese literature works,” Wang said. Since many Western editors or paper reviewers might not be familiar with some Chinese elements, Wang recommends that his clients submit certain introductory words explaining the drawings, such as how they are associated with the science. “It’s fulfilling whenever we produce a special piece of work that combines cutting-edge scientific findings and traditional Chinese culture that meets the expectations of the client,” Wang said. 36．What does the illustration mentioned in the first two paragraphs essentially show? A．The discovery of a new species. B．The formation process of a compound. C．A beautiful rural scene in China. D．A recent scientific achievement. 37．The underlined word “captivated” in Paragraph 1 probably means ________. A．confused​ B．misled​ C．fascinated D．encouraged 38．Who are the target clients for Wang’s illustrations? A．Chinese research paper authors. B．Western scientific community. C．Science journal editors. D．Scientific photographers. 39．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Wang’s team aids scientists with paper illustrations.​ B．Chinese culture appears in global science journals.​ C．Wang’s team makes scientific art with Chinese culture.​ D．Science journals need creative Chinese visual works. B From the time human beings began to draw them, maps have helped people find their way around their environments. But maps can show us many things, not just which direction to go. They show the path of history, the earth’s shape development of mathematics, and the progress of technology. One of the oldest-known land maps is an almost 1,600-year-old tablet from Southwest Asia. The map shows a circle of land that is divided by a river and surrounded by ocean. Triangles on the map indicate eight different regions. And the map’s text describes legendary beasts and heroes that were important to the ancient people of the area. Around AD 150,a Greek scientist drew north-south and east-west lines on a map. This addition applies mathematics to mapping and was an early attempt to show the earth’s shape on a flat piece of paper. Maps gradually became much more detailed as new regions were explored and put down on paper. Also, mathematical and astronomical advances helped to perfect the world map to what we know and love today! Now that you know a little about the early history of maps, lets learn some fun facts. East at the Top These days, most maps feature north at the top. However, during the Middle Ages, most maps had east at the top. This was done to point in the direction of the morning sun. Puzzle Maps When printed maps became available to the general population in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, not everyone could understand them. In fact, the first jigsaw puzzles(拼图游戏)were designed as practice maps for eighteenth-century geography classes! Fake Places Mapmakers need to make sure that their work is not copied by others. To protect their work, many mapmakers add made-up towns or streets to their maps. Only the original mapmaker would know about the fake entry. Modern Technology Today, digital maps and GPS technology have revolutionized the way we explore our world. With the touch of a screen, we can see our exact location, plan routes, and even view real-time traffic updates. 40．Which of the following pictures best shows the modern form of the Greek scientist’s addition to the map? A． B． C． D． 41．Fake towns or streets were often added to maps ________. A．so that it would be clear if someone copied the map. B．to make the maps less boring and more accurate. C．as a tricky challenge for people to take on. D．to help people practice how to read complicated maps. 42．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To show the development of mapping technology. B．To explain the importance of maps throughout history. C．To introduce the history of maps and some interesting facts. D．To teach some map-making tricks and techniques. C “Assume you are wrong.” The advice came from Brian Nosek, a psychology professor, who was offering a strategy for pursuing better science.   To understand the context for Nosek’s advice, we need to take a step back to the nature of science itself. You see despite what many of us learned in elementary school, there is no single scientific method. Just as scientific theories become elaborated and change, so do scientific methods.   But methodological reform hasn’t come without some fretting and friction. Nasty things have been said by and about methodological reformers. Few people like having the value of their life’s work called into question. On the other side, few people are good at voicing criticisms in kind and constructive ways. So, part of the challenge is figuring out how to bake critical self-reflection into the culture of science itself, so it unfolds as a welcome and integrated part of the process, and not an embarrassing sideshow.   What Nosek recommended was a strategy for changing the way we offer and respond to critique. Assuming you are right might be a motivating force, sustaining the enormous effort that conducting scientific work requires. But it also makes it easy to interpret criticisms as personal attacks. Beginning, instead, from the assumption you are wrong, a criticism is easier to interpret as a constructive suggestion for how to be less wrong — a goal that your critic probably shares.   One worry about this approach is that it could be demoralizing for scientists. Striving to be less wrong might be a less effective motivation than the promise of being right. Another concern is that a strategy that works well within science could backfire when it comes to communicating science with the public. Without an appreciation for how science works, it’s easy to take uncertainty or disagreements as marks against science, when in fact they reflect some of the very features of science that make it our best approach to reaching reliable conclusions about the world. Science is reliable because it responds to evidence: as the quantity and quality of our evidence improves, our theories can and should change, too.   Despite these worries, I like Nosek’s suggestion because it builds in cognitive humility along with a sense that we can do better. It also builds in a sense of community — we’re all in the same boat when it comes to falling short of getting things right.   Unfortunately, this still leaves us with an untested hypothesis: that assuming one is wrong can change community norms for the better, and ultimately support better science and even, perhaps, better decisions in life. I don’t know if that’s true. In fact, I should probably assume that it’s wrong. But with the benefit of the scientific community and our best methodological tools, I hope we can get it less wrong, together. 43．According to Paragraph 3, “some fretting and friction” refers to the fact that methodological reformers ______. A．feel reluctant to reflect on themselves B．are unable to provide valuable work C．don’t offer constructive criticisms D．meet with harsh personal attacks 44．Which of the following statements is TRUE about the “assume you are wrong” strategy? A．It will make scientific conclusions less reliable. B．It can enhance the public’s understanding of science. C．It may lead to an increase in the motivation of scientists. D．It can promote a positive interpretation of criticisms. 45．According to the passage, what is the author most likely to agree on? A．Nosek’s strategy has been proven to improve scientific outcomes and decision-making. B．The scientific community should reject untested hypotheses to avoid misleading the public. C．Nosek’s emphasis on cognitive modesty holds potential for collective progress in science. D．Scientists are advised to adopt the same perspectives to achieve the “sense of community”. 46．______ best fits the “assume you are wrong” strategy. A．Encouraging business leaders to always trust their instincts in making decisions B．Promoting a culture where teachers actively seek feedback to improve teaching C．Training politicians to be more defensive about their policies to avoid admitting faults D．Advising journalists to stick to their narratives despite opposing views Section C Directions: Read the following passages. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Students’ Journey to Empower Rural Heritage From Aug. 18 to 22 a team of 15 Tsinghua University students, representing diverse backgrounds from China, South Korea, Malaysia, and Indonesia, set foot on an overseas research exploration focusing on rural revitalization (振兴) in Indonesian villages, particularly within Nusa Tenggara Barat(NTB). With the diverse cultural heritage, Indonesia is home to over 83,000 villages, each radiating its own charm and character. 47 The research mission took the students to Sukarara and Sade villages, two of NTB’s tourist destinations. 48 Sukarara and Sade are a world apart from the busy cities to which most of us are accustomed. The villages are a living test to Indonesia’s rich culture and its devotion to preserving traditions. Revitalizing these villages goes beyond mere economic development. 49 The weaving skills and architectural techniques of Sukarara and Sade villages are not only beautiful, but they are also an inseparable part to the identity of these communities. It’s essential that they strike a balance between progress and preservation. As the journey came to an end, the students carry with them not only the memories of their experiences there, but also the responsibility to make a positive impact on these remarkable places. 50 They are optimistic that Indonesian villages can experience meaningful development, ultimately leading to increased opportunities for employment and an improved quality of life. A．While these villages possess undeniable fascination, many remain underdeveloped. B．This effort includes the knowledge exchange between the students and local villagers. C．Both were selected for revitalization efforts led by the Village Revitalization Team. D．In Sukarara, a local tradition requires girls to master weaving skills before marriage. E．They decide to be a bridge between tradition and progress, united for their growth. F．It’s about preserving the cultural heritage and ensuring traditions being passed down. III. Summary Writing (10分) 51．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. The Fear of Taking Risks May Be Holding You Back Your brain will try to convince you to play it safe and tell you that you can’t succeed or that you shouldn’t bother trying something new. But even when these thoughts lack a rational (理性的) basis, we sometimes allow our anxiety to prevail (占上风). The problem is that we often base our decisions on emotion rather than logic. We incorrectly assume that there’s a direct relation between our fear level and the risk level. However, learning to take healthy risks can improve your life. If you find yourself fearing to take healthy,calculated risks, there are two strategies that can help. To begin with, balance your emotions with logic.Too often, we think our fear is related to the level of the risk. The scarier something feels, the riskier it must be. Driving a car probably doesn’t feel risky, but giving a speech might feel like a huge risk. Yet your chances of injury or death are higher when you’re behind the wheel. Spend a few minutes thinking about the actual level of risk. Ask yourself, “What risk do I actually face? How can I handle it if it doesn’t work out?” In addition, increase your chances of success. There are steps you can take to reduce the risk that you face. Spend time practicing a speech before you deliver it, which could increase your chances of success. Rather than spend time trying to decrease your fear, put your energy into increasing your chances of success. Facing your fears is a key component in developing the mental strength you need. It helps you learn to tolerate uncertainty and anxiety. It also provides you with a chance to sharpen your skills and learn from your mistake. With practice, you can get better at calculating risk. And as you improve, your chances of success will skyrocket. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ IV. Translation (第1-2句，每句3分；第3句，4分；第4句5分；共15分) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52．外卖骑手因交通违法导致的事故屡见不鲜。(who) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 53．如果你不是真的对这个比赛感兴趣，何必费口舌打听呢？（bother）（汉译英） 54．现代生活中，长期的压力可能对身心健康造成严重影响，因此学会管理压力至关重要。(stress) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 55．面对自然灾害时，高效的应对措施不仅能减少经济损失，还能缓解民众的心理压力，这需要政府和社区的共同努力。(disaster) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ V.Guided Writing (共25分) 56．Directions: Write an English composition in 120—150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假定你是中学生李华，你的美国朋友Eric下个月将要来中国交流学习，体验中国文化。请你写一封信向他简单介绍一下中国特有的文化、习俗或现象，并举一到两个事例加以说明。(如：语言、教育、礼仪、饮食、生活习惯、婚姻家庭等方面) ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 2 Things that matter单元自测·基础卷 （考试时间：90分钟 试卷满分：115分） （参考答案） 1．being added 2．that 3．brought 4．studied 5．as 6．no matter where 7．that 8．could 9．an 10．to return 11．B 12．H 13．D 14．J 15．A 16．G 17．C 18．E 19．F 20．I 21．D 22．B 23．C 24．A 25．D 26．A 27．B 28．C 29．C 30．A 31．D 32．A 33．B 34．B 35．D 36．D 37．C 38．A 39．C 40．B 41．A 42．C 43．D 44．D 45．C 46．B 47．A 48．C 49．F 50．E 51．Fear of risks holds people back due to emotional rather than logical decision-making. However, two strategies are helpful. First, balance emotions with logic by assessing actual risk levels. Second, boost success chances by focusing on preparation. Facing fears helps build mental resilience, improve risk calculation, and enhance success likelihood. (49 words) 52．Takeaway riders who violate traffic regulations lead to frequent accidents. 53．Why bother asking if you are not really interested in the match?/Why bother to ask if you are not really interested in the match? 54．In modern life, long-term stress may cause serious impacts on physical and mental health, so it is crucial to learn to manage stress. 55．When facing natural disasters, efficient response measures can not only reduce economic losses but also alleviate the psychological pressure of the public, which requires the joint efforts of the government and communities. 56．Dear Eric, I am excited to hear that you will be coming to China next month to experience our culture. As a Chinese high school student, I would like to briefly introduce some unique cultural customs or phenomena that you might encounter here. Firstly, our language is widely spoken and has many nuances. For example, the word “ma” can mean “horse” or “mother” depending on the intonation. Secondly, education is highly valued in China, and students work tremendously hard to meet the expectations of their families and society. In terms of etiquette, we have many traditional customs, such as bowing, exchanging gifts, and respecting elders. Moreover, our foods and drinks are diverse and can be quite exotic to foreigners, such as street food like stinky tofu and hotpot. I hope these examples can give you some insights into our unique culture. I am looking forward to showing you more aspects of China when you arrive. Best regards, Li Hua 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $………………○………………外………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… ………………○………………内………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… 此卷只装订不密封 ………………○………………内………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… ………………○………………外………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… … 学校：______________姓名：_____________班级：_______________考号：______________________ Unit 2 Things that matter单元自测·基础卷 （考试时间：90分钟 试卷满分：115分） 注意事项： 1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。 3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 4．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 I. Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分） Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. The Mona Lisa painting, which is located at the Louvre, is one of the most emblematic portraits in the history of art. Painted by Leonardo da Vinci in the 16th century, it joined the collections of the court of France before 1 (add)to the works on display at the Louvre Museum. Book your Louvre Museum ticket online. It is often said 2 the Mona Lisa painting was a work that Leonardo da Vinci, by invitation from King Francois I, 3 (bring)with him to France. The history books mention a female portrait that was with the Italian artist and scientist when he stayed at Clos Luce castle(also known as the Manoir du Cloux)near the Loire Chateau of Amboise. The composition technique of the painting makes it one of the most 4 (study)works in the history of art and by apprentice artists. It is highly regarded for its modern framing 5 a portrait that could be painted now. More subtly, optical effects are created by the positioning of the young woman’s eyes and her enigmatic smile. Some people say they feel watched by the Mona Lisa, 6 they are standing. It is undoubtedly the mystery of the Mona Lisa 7 has made it so famous. The Mona Lisa became popular with the general public when it was famously stolen in 1911. The press jumped on the event: people wanted to know who 8 have stolen the Mona Lisa painting, why, and above all how. The painting was found, and the guilty party was 9 overly nationalistic Italian named Vincenzo Peruggia, who had intended 10 (return)the work to his home country. This painting continues to surprise us. Her mystery attracts the crowds to the point of almost being an icon of the Louvre Museum. You want to know where is the Mona Lisa located? To see her, head to the Paintings Department, Denon wing, Room 6. Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．sourced             B．gifted          C． house          D．demand         E. founding F. contemporary        G. culturally       H. negotiations      I. living           J. exchange K. urgently A Nigerian artist who 11 his own work to the British Museum with the hopes of receiving looted (被掠夺的) colonial art back from it has had his offer declined. The British Museum accepted a bronze plaque made by an artist Osarobo Zeickner-Okoro, from Benin City in Nigeria, who entered into 12 for the museum to return priceless Benin Bronzes that were looted by British troops in 1897. He offered his creation to encourage the museum to give back the sculptures but also to 13 acknowledgement of Benin City’s modern-day culture. The museum told him the 14 for looted artworks was impossible. Its official website acknowledges that it houses over 900 items from the city of Benin, but does not acknowledge how they were 15 . After meeting with two curators (策展人) from the museum’s Africa department, Zeickner-Okoro explained he was delighted they had accepted his gift, even though they rejected the idea of an exchange. Created from brass and bronze in the once mighty Kingdom of Benin from at least the 16th century onwards, the Benin Bronzes are among Africa’s most 16 significant artefacts. European museums that 17 them have faced years of criticism because of their status as loot and symbols of colonial greed. The British Museum has made no clear commitment despite demands from the Oba, or king, of Benin. A 18 member of Ahiamwen, a new guild of Benin City bronze casters and artists, Zeickner—Okoro wanted to change the terms of the debate by offering the museum 19 artworks untainted by any history of looting. “Part of the crime that’s been committed is that Benin has been portrayed as a dead civilisation,” he said. “The reparation is not just returning the Bronzes. It’s also acknowledging us, that we’re a 20 civilisation.” II. Reading Comprehension (21 – 35题，每题1分；36 – 50题，每题2分；共45分) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Administrators of the Mogao Caves in Dunhuang, Gansu Province, are trying to harmonize tourists’ exploration of the site with the need to protect the murals (壁画), through innovative measures. Sandstorms, rainfall and tourist visits make up the most severe 21 to the UNESCO World Heritage Site, said Wang Xiaowei, director of the Dunhuang Grottoes Monitoring Center at the Dunhuang Academy. Since the Mogao Caves opened to the public in 1979, the number of visitors has been 22 at an average annual rate of around 20 percent, reaching 2.15 million in 2019. “If you enter the caves during the 23 tourism months of July, August and September, you’ll find it hard to breathe,” Wang said. The carbon dioxide and moisture (潮气) breathed out by visitors increase inside the caves and cause damage to the murals, Wang said. To preserve the caves, the duration of visits is 24 and sometimes stopped during rain or dust storms. To ensure visitors aren’t 25 when restrictions are set, the center provides a digital exhibition, he said. Currently, the center is being 26 to hold an additional 3,000 visitors on top of the existing capacity of 6,000. The Dunhuang Academy began 27 recording and storing images of murals and painted sculptures over 30 years ago. The digitization project has successfully 28 over 200 caves, with a dedicated team of 110 experts currently undertaking the work. “Digital technology not only serves cultural tourism but also 29 a historical record for future generations,” said Ding Xiaosheng, deputy director of the Institute of Cultural Heritage Digitization at the academy. Digitization also brings the wonders of the Mogao Caves to a 30 audience, according to Su Bomin, head of the Dunhuang Academy. “The Mogao Caves are 31 , and transporting them is impossible,” Su said. “However, with digitization, we can perfectly copy Dunhuang art exactly and show it worldwide, introducing Eastern culture to the world.” In 2016, the Digital Dunhuang went live, sharing high-definition images (高清图像) and 32 tours of the most beautiful 30 caves globally. Currently, visitors from 78 countries have 33 the murals, totaling over 16.8 million visits. Su said Dunhuang can 34 diverse cultural exchanges through its cultural relics (遗迹). “By digitizing these relics, we enable people worldwide to understand Dunhuang’s culture, thereby gaining a deeper appreciation for China’s historical 35 to diverse cultural exchanges — that is, an idea of inclusivity, mutual learning and a shared future,” he said. 21．A．shortages B．restrictions C．contributions D．threats 22．A．doubling B．growing C．continuing D．varying 23．A．cultural B．previous C．peak D．commercial 24．A．limited B．extended C．publicized D．enhanced 25．A．confused B．amazed C．scared D．disappointed 26．A．expanded B．constructed C．decorated D．repaired 27．A．objectively B．digitally C．subjectively D．independently 28．A．outlived B．highlighted C．covered D．strategized 29．A．comes across B．turns over C．leaves behind D．lets alone 30．A．global B．professional C．technological D．different 31．A．complicated B．exceptional C．controversial D．immovable 32．A．virtual B．temporary C．traditional D．steady 33．A．imitated B．accessed C．praised D．purchased 34．A．reject B．provide C．adjust D．classify 35．A．adaptation B．attention C．admission D．commitment Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. A Science is always seen as hard-core and hard to understand. But can you even imagine that hundreds of people could be deeply captivated by the cover of a science magazine? This impressive achievement was realized when Wang Yixi and his team created the cover for an October issue of Structure — a well-known journal based in the United States and part of Cell Press.​ The cover shows a Chinese ink painting of a farmer leading an ox across a bridge, followed by a boy with a bamboo basket on his back. In addition to the jelly fish and lotus flowers in the river under the bridge, chemical compounds and elemental structures were highlighted and weaved into the picture. It vividly depicts the process in which a special enzyme (酶) involved in the biosynthesis (生物合成) of an important organic compound is activated — the latest breakthrough by a Chinese scientific research team. The drawing was one of many works by Wang and his team. Over the past four years, they have come up with more than 10,000 visual works for academic papers across a variety of fields. While studying chemistry at university, Wang said that he often came across an experimental preparation process that he had to explain, but the amount of text was too large and abstract. That’s why he later ran Xixizhiyan company to turn graphics into fine art. “What we do is to visualize abstract concepts and help scientific researchers demonstrate their findings in a straightforward and distinctive way,” said Wang, now in his 30s. Wang said that many science journals have allowed, and even encouraged, paper authors to come up with such illustrations. The rapidly rising number of Chinese scientific papers has resulted in increased demand from Chinese scientists who want illustrations for their work to carry distinctive Chinese elements. “The most popular cultural elements include tai chi and peony flowers, as well as the Monkey King and other figures from classic Chinese literature works,” Wang said. Since many Western editors or paper reviewers might not be familiar with some Chinese elements, Wang recommends that his clients submit certain introductory words explaining the drawings, such as how they are associated with the science. “It’s fulfilling whenever we produce a special piece of work that combines cutting-edge scientific findings and traditional Chinese culture that meets the expectations of the client,” Wang said. 36．What does the illustration mentioned in the first two paragraphs essentially show? A．The discovery of a new species. B．The formation process of a compound. C．A beautiful rural scene in China. D．A recent scientific achievement. 37．The underlined word “captivated” in Paragraph 1 probably means ________. A．confused​ B．misled​ C．fascinated D．encouraged 38．Who are the target clients for Wang’s illustrations? A．Chinese research paper authors. B．Western scientific community. C．Science journal editors. D．Scientific photographers. 39．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Wang’s team aids scientists with paper illustrations.​ B．Chinese culture appears in global science journals.​ C．Wang’s team makes scientific art with Chinese culture.​ D．Science journals need creative Chinese visual works. B From the time human beings began to draw them, maps have helped people find their way around their environments. But maps can show us many things, not just which direction to go. They show the path of history, the earth’s shape development of mathematics, and the progress of technology. One of the oldest-known land maps is an almost 1,600-year-old tablet from Southwest Asia. The map shows a circle of land that is divided by a river and surrounded by ocean. Triangles on the map indicate eight different regions. And the map’s text describes legendary beasts and heroes that were important to the ancient people of the area. Around AD 150,a Greek scientist drew north-south and east-west lines on a map. This addition applies mathematics to mapping and was an early attempt to show the earth’s shape on a flat piece of paper. Maps gradually became much more detailed as new regions were explored and put down on paper. Also, mathematical and astronomical advances helped to perfect the world map to what we know and love today! Now that you know a little about the early history of maps, lets learn some fun facts. East at the Top These days, most maps feature north at the top. However, during the Middle Ages, most maps had east at the top. This was done to point in the direction of the morning sun. Puzzle Maps When printed maps became available to the general population in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, not everyone could understand them. In fact, the first jigsaw puzzles(拼图游戏)were designed as practice maps for eighteenth-century geography classes! Fake Places Mapmakers need to make sure that their work is not copied by others. To protect their work, many mapmakers add made-up towns or streets to their maps. Only the original mapmaker would know about the fake entry. Modern Technology Today, digital maps and GPS technology have revolutionized the way we explore our world. With the touch of a screen, we can see our exact location, plan routes, and even view real-time traffic updates. 40．Which of the following pictures best shows the modern form of the Greek scientist’s addition to the map? A． B． C． D． 41．Fake towns or streets were often added to maps ________. A．so that it would be clear if someone copied the map. B．to make the maps less boring and more accurate. C．as a tricky challenge for people to take on. D．to help people practice how to read complicated maps. 42．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To show the development of mapping technology. B．To explain the importance of maps throughout history. C．To introduce the history of maps and some interesting facts. D．To teach some map-making tricks and techniques. C “Assume you are wrong.” The advice came from Brian Nosek, a psychology professor, who was offering a strategy for pursuing better science.   To understand the context for Nosek’s advice, we need to take a step back to the nature of science itself. You see despite what many of us learned in elementary school, there is no single scientific method. Just as scientific theories become elaborated and change, so do scientific methods.   But methodological reform hasn’t come without some fretting and friction. Nasty things have been said by and about methodological reformers. Few people like having the value of their life’s work called into question. On the other side, few people are good at voicing criticisms in kind and constructive ways. So, part of the challenge is figuring out how to bake critical self-reflection into the culture of science itself, so it unfolds as a welcome and integrated part of the process, and not an embarrassing sideshow.   What Nosek recommended was a strategy for changing the way we offer and respond to critique. Assuming you are right might be a motivating force, sustaining the enormous effort that conducting scientific work requires. But it also makes it easy to interpret criticisms as personal attacks. Beginning, instead, from the assumption you are wrong, a criticism is easier to interpret as a constructive suggestion for how to be less wrong — a goal that your critic probably shares.   One worry about this approach is that it could be demoralizing for scientists. Striving to be less wrong might be a less effective motivation than the promise of being right. Another concern is that a strategy that works well within science could backfire when it comes to communicating science with the public. Without an appreciation for how science works, it’s easy to take uncertainty or disagreements as marks against science, when in fact they reflect some of the very features of science that make it our best approach to reaching reliable conclusions about the world. Science is reliable because it responds to evidence: as the quantity and quality of our evidence improves, our theories can and should change, too.   Despite these worries, I like Nosek’s suggestion because it builds in cognitive humility along with a sense that we can do better. It also builds in a sense of community — we’re all in the same boat when it comes to falling short of getting things right.   Unfortunately, this still leaves us with an untested hypothesis: that assuming one is wrong can change community norms for the better, and ultimately support better science and even, perhaps, better decisions in life. I don’t know if that’s true. In fact, I should probably assume that it’s wrong. But with the benefit of the scientific community and our best methodological tools, I hope we can get it less wrong, together. 43．According to Paragraph 3, “some fretting and friction” refers to the fact that methodological reformers ______. A．feel reluctant to reflect on themselves B．are unable to provide valuable work C．don’t offer constructive criticisms D．meet with harsh personal attacks 44．Which of the following statements is TRUE about the “assume you are wrong” strategy? A．It will make scientific conclusions less reliable. B．It can enhance the public’s understanding of science. C．It may lead to an increase in the motivation of scientists. D．It can promote a positive interpretation of criticisms. 45．According to the passage, what is the author most likely to agree on? A．Nosek’s strategy has been proven to improve scientific outcomes and decision-making. B．The scientific community should reject untested hypotheses to avoid misleading the public. C．Nosek’s emphasis on cognitive modesty holds potential for collective progress in science. D．Scientists are advised to adopt the same perspectives to achieve the “sense of community”. 46．______ best fits the “assume you are wrong” strategy. A．Encouraging business leaders to always trust their instincts in making decisions B．Promoting a culture where teachers actively seek feedback to improve teaching C．Training politicians to be more defensive about their policies to avoid admitting faults D．Advising journalists to stick to their narratives despite opposing views Section C Directions: Read the following passages. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Students’ Journey to Empower Rural Heritage From Aug. 18 to 22 a team of 15 Tsinghua University students, representing diverse backgrounds from China, South Korea, Malaysia, and Indonesia, set foot on an overseas research exploration focusing on rural revitalization (振兴) in Indonesian villages, particularly within Nusa Tenggara Barat(NTB). With the diverse cultural heritage, Indonesia is home to over 83,000 villages, each radiating its own charm and character. 47 The research mission took the students to Sukarara and Sade villages, two of NTB’s tourist destinations. 48 Sukarara and Sade are a world apart from the busy cities to which most of us are accustomed. The villages are a living test to Indonesia’s rich culture and its devotion to preserving traditions. Revitalizing these villages goes beyond mere economic development. 49 The weaving skills and architectural techniques of Sukarara and Sade villages are not only beautiful, but they are also an inseparable part to the identity of these communities. It’s essential that they strike a balance between progress and preservation. As the journey came to an end, the students carry with them not only the memories of their experiences there, but also the responsibility to make a positive impact on these remarkable places. 50 They are optimistic that Indonesian villages can experience meaningful development, ultimately leading to increased opportunities for employment and an improved quality of life. A．While these villages possess undeniable fascination, many remain underdeveloped. B．This effort includes the knowledge exchange between the students and local villagers. C．Both were selected for revitalization efforts led by the Village Revitalization Team. D．In Sukarara, a local tradition requires girls to master weaving skills before marriage. E．They decide to be a bridge between tradition and progress, united for their growth. F．It’s about preserving the cultural heritage and ensuring traditions being passed down. III. Summary Writing (10分) 51．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. The Fear of Taking Risks May Be Holding You Back Your brain will try to convince you to play it safe and tell you that you can’t succeed or that you shouldn’t bother trying something new. But even when these thoughts lack a rational (理性的) basis, we sometimes allow our anxiety to prevail (占上风). The problem is that we often base our decisions on emotion rather than logic. We incorrectly assume that there’s a direct relation between our fear level and the risk level. However, learning to take healthy risks can improve your life. If you find yourself fearing to take healthy,calculated risks, there are two strategies that can help. To begin with, balance your emotions with logic.Too often, we think our fear is related to the level of the risk. The scarier something feels, the riskier it must be. Driving a car probably doesn’t feel risky, but giving a speech might feel like a huge risk. Yet your chances of injury or death are higher when you’re behind the wheel. Spend a few minutes thinking about the actual level of risk. Ask yourself, “What risk do I actually face? How can I handle it if it doesn’t work out?” In addition, increase your chances of success. There are steps you can take to reduce the risk that you face. Spend time practicing a speech before you deliver it, which could increase your chances of success. Rather than spend time trying to decrease your fear, put your energy into increasing your chances of success. Facing your fears is a key component in developing the mental strength you need. It helps you learn to tolerate uncertainty and anxiety. It also provides you with a chance to sharpen your skills and learn from your mistake. With practice, you can get better at calculating risk. And as you improve, your chances of success will skyrocket. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ IV. Translation (第1-2句，每句3分；第3句，4分；第4句5分；共15分) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52．外卖骑手因交通违法导致的事故屡见不鲜。(who) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 53．如果你不是真的对这个比赛感兴趣，何必费口舌打听呢？（bother）（汉译英） 54．现代生活中，长期的压力可能对身心健康造成严重影响，因此学会管理压力至关重要。(stress) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 55．面对自然灾害时，高效的应对措施不仅能减少经济损失，还能缓解民众的心理压力，这需要政府和社区的共同努力。(disaster) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ V.Guided Writing (共25分) 56．Directions: Write an English composition in 120—150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假定你是中学生李华，你的美国朋友Eric下个月将要来中国交流学习，体验中国文化。请你写一封信向他简单介绍一下中国特有的文化、习俗或现象，并举一到两个事例加以说明。(如：语言、教育、礼仪、饮食、生活习惯、婚姻家庭等方面) ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 试题 第3页（共8页） 试题 第4页（共8页） 试题 第1页（共8页） 试题 第2页（共8页） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $