Unit4 History and TraditonsReading and Thinking 分层同步练习-2025-2026学年高中英语人教版必修第二册

Reading and Thinking 一、必备知识基础练 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1.The ancient city of Bath,famous for its Roman baths,has several historical sites located 　　　　　(在附近).  2.The Great Wall of China was originally built as a d　　　　　 against invasions from northern tribes.  3.Written records and artifacts provide e　　　　　 of the Viking invasions in early medieval England.  4.The Tower of London once served as a key 　　　　　(军事的) fortress during the medieval period.  5.The Romans successfully 　　　　　　(征服) Britain in 43 CE,bringing their culture and laws to the island.  Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1.　　　　　　(surround) by the English Channel,Britain has a rich history of naval battles and trade.  2.The history of the Tower of London is 　　　　　　(fascinate),with its many roles over the centuries.  3.Visitors are sometimes 　　　　　　(puzzle) by the complex layout of ancient Roman forts in Britain.  4.The 　　　　　　(locate) of Stonehenge in the English countryside has made it a fascinating historical mystery.  5.The invention of the steam engine was a significant 　　　　　　(achieve) during the Industrial Revolution in Britain.  6.The historic Roman roads in Britain were designed to be joined 　　　　　　major cities,facilitating travel and trade throughout the empire.  Ⅲ.单句写作 1.爱尔兰于1922年脱离了联合王国,建立了独立政府。 Ireland 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　the United Kingdom in 1922,forming its own independent government.  2.英格兰各地的许多中世纪城堡属于不同的贵族家族,在英国历史上扮演了重要角色。 The medieval castles scattered across England,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,played a key role in the nation’s history.  3.伦敦以其博物馆和历史地标闻名,如白金汉宫和议会大厦。 London is famous for its museums,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 like Buckingham Palace and the Houses of Parliament.  4.在英格兰,无论走到哪里,你都能找到当地人聚集在一起分享故事、享用传统英国食物和饮料的酒吧。 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,you’ll find pubs where locals gather to share stories and enjoy traditional British food and drinks.  5.当你穿越英格兰乡村时,记得留意那些拥有茅草屋顶的迷人村庄和连绵起伏的乡村景色。 When traveling through rural England,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 charming villages with thatched-roof cottages and rolling countryside views.  Ⅳ.阅读微写作 Activity 1　单句写作 1.在附近迷人的小镇上,一位名叫艾米的年轻女子开始了她冒险的旅途。(nearby,fascinating) 　　　　　　　　　　　　,a young woman named Amy went on an adventurous trip.  2.城镇四周围绕着被称为“谜之林”的古老森林,这里充满了神秘的传说。(surround,refer to...as...) The town,　　　　　　　　　　　　 tales of an ancient forest,　　　　　　　　　　　　 the “Forest of Mystery”.  3.她决定探索,在探索过程中,她发现了一块刻有谜一般符号的神秘石碑。(while doing,puzzling) She decided to explore and 　　　　　　　　　,she discovered a mysterious stone tablet covered in 　　　　　　　　　　　　.  4.艾米相信这块石碑属于过去的时代,便将其带回家研究。 Believing it 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　a bygone era,Amy took it home.  5.经过数日的研究,她成功破解了其中的秘密。 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,she successfully decoded the secret.  6.她的发现为“谜之林”中神秘宝藏的存在提供了证据。 Her findings 　　　　　　　　　　　　for the existence of the mysterious treasure within the Forest of Mystery.  Activity 2　选取上面至少4个句子组成一篇不少于80词的短文(注意使用恰当的衔接词) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 二、能力素养提升练 Ⅴ.阅读理解 A (2025贵州六盘水高一期中) On March 29,1974,farmers were digging a well northeast of Xi’an when they made an amazing find:the bodies of life-sized figures,made of terracotta,from the Qin Dynasty. The founder of the Qin Dynasty was Qinshihuang.It was no secret that when Qinshihuang died he was buried in a huge tomb more than 70 meters tall.However,through the ages,details of his tomb had become forgotten.So when the first terracotta warriors were dug up in 1974,the whole world reacted in surprise.Since then,about 500 secondary tombs(陪葬坑) and sites have been discovered nearby. We now know that the army was meant to protect Qinshihuang in death.It is thought that there may be more than 8,000 warriors in total.Every statue is different.The face and clothes of each one were modeled on a real soldier in his army.In addition to the warriors,there are also terracotta horses and chariots.Much of this terracotta army is now on display at a huge museum on the site. Only a small part of the area around Qinshihuang’s tomb has been dug up,and the contents of the tomb itself are still a mystery.According to old stories,it contains a huge,underground palace,filled with treasure.Though some research has been done on the tomb,and it appears that these old stories may be true,the tomb has not been dug up because of the challenges.It could take many more years to discover all the secrets buried there.  1.What was the find made by the farmers in 1974? A.An underground palace. B.Bodies of life-sized figures. C.8,000 terracotta warriors. D.Treasure in Qinshihuang’s tomb. 2.What do we know about Qinshihuang’s tomb from paragraph 2? A.Secondary tombs are far away. B.The tomb is more than 70 meters tall. C.500 terracotta warriors were discovered. D.Its details had become known before 1974. 3.What is special about the terracotta warriors? A.Every statue is totally different. B.They are warriors on horses. C.Their faces and clothes are the same. D.They are from the Qin Dynasty. 4.Which is closest in meaning to “a mystery” in paragraph 4? A.Something exciting. B.Something obvious. C.Something uninteresting. D.Something unknown. B (2025浙江强基联盟高一期中) After the Second World War,Europe’s rapid economic growth led to a more open and fair society,with fewer class barriers(阶级壁垒) and less obvious class differences. Changes in the structure(结构) of the middle class were particularly influential.In the 1800s and early 1900s,the middle class was made up of business owners or professionals like lawyers and doctors.Ownership of property(财产) and strong family ties had often been the keys to wealth and standing within the middle class.But after 1945,things changed in Western Europe.A new breed of managers and experts serving the needs of big organizations took the place of traditional property owners as the leaders of the middle class.At the same time,the middle class grew massively and became harder to define. There were several reasons for these developments.The growth of industry and technology required more managers and technologists.Moreover,the old middle class lost control of family businesses,and many small businesses closed as their former owners became salaried workers.Top managers and ranking civil servants,often trained in engineering or accounting,formed a new middle class of specialists from various social backgrounds.Thus the new middle class,which was based largely on specialized skills and high levels of education,was more open,democratic,and less secure than the old middle class. The rising standard of living and the spread of standardized consumer goods also worked to level European society,as the percent of income spent on food and drink declined substantially and people began to purchase a wider range of goods beyond just food and drinks.For example,the European car industry experienced significant growth after lagging far behind the United States since the 1920s.In 1948 there were only 5 million cars in Western Europe,but in 1965 there were 44 million.Like Americans,Europeans bought household goods like washing machines and TVs using credit,which was made easier by installment purchasing.This,along with better social security,made them more willing to take on debt. 5.What mainly decided middle-class membership in the 1800s and early 1900s? A.Strong family connections. B.Expertise in managing property. C.Working in a large organizations. D.Support from the medical community. 6.What do we know about the new middle-class members? A.They are more open-minded. B.They grow up in wealthy families. C.They work in family-owned businesses. D.They share the same social background. 7.Why does the author mention the rise in car numbers from 1948 to 1965? A.To express his preference for cars made in Europe. B.To state the economic and social changes after WWⅡ. C.To compare Europe’s progress in economy with the U.S. D.To show his pride in the rise of car sales in Western Europe. 8.What’s the text mainly about? A.Suggestions for buying goods on credit. B.The author’s views on European society. C.The rapid development of European society. D.Changes in European society after the war. C About five weeks ago,I noticed the skin of our pet lizard(蜥蜴) was growing dusty.It worried me.I reported the strange surface on the skin of the lizard to my husband and children the next morning.Seconds later,our lizard emerged from its tank with its old skin flowing behind it. I didn’t think about it much until a morning last week when I knocked my favorite teapot off the table.It burst into hundreds of pieces.As I swept up the mess,I wondered why we had been breaking so many things over the months. The damage started three months ago.It was my husband’s birthday.He had just lost his job.The uncertainty was starting to wear on us,so I wanted to do something special. “Let’s make a cake for Dad!” I cried. My kids screamed with joy.We baked,iced and sprinkled for most of the day.Candles on the cake!Balloons on the walls!Flowers on the table! Two hours before my husband came back home from another job interview,my daughter climbed up to grab a glass vase from a high shelf.It fell and crashed beside the cake.Tiny pieces of glass were everywhere.She sobbed loudly as I threw the cake away.My husband had banana pudding for his birthday. Three days ago,the light in our living room suddenly went out.After several frustrating hours of unsuccessful attempts to fix it,my husband suggested watching the Michael Jordan documentary(纪录片) series The Last Dance. The poignancy(酸楚) of Jordan retiring from his beloved basketball to play baseball and what had pushed him to make such a tough decision took me by surprise.As I watched him take off his basketball uniform and replace it with a baseball uniform,I saw him leaving behind what no longer served him,just as our lizard had.Neither of them chose the moment that had transformed them.But they had to live with who they were after everything was different.Just like us.I realized that we have to learn to leave the past behind.  Humans do not shed skin as easily as other animals.The beginning of change is upsetting.The process is tiring.Damage changes us before we are ready.I see our lizard,raw and nearly new. Jordan said that no matter how it ends,it starts with hope.With our tender,hopeful skin,that is where we begin. 9.What can we learn about the pet lizard from paragraph 1? A.It went missing. B.Its tank grew dirty. C.It got a skin disease. D.Its old skin came off. 10.Why did the author’s husband have banana pudding for his birthday? A.The birthday cake fell from the shelf. B.The birthday cake was damaged. C.The author made good puddings. D.Pudding was his favorite dessert. 11.What does the underlined part “leaving behind what no longer served him” in paragraph 8 most probably mean? A.Falling behind the top players. B.Looking back on the past. C.Giving up a bad habit. D.Putting the past behind. 12.What does the author most likely want to tell us? A.Love of family helps us survive great hardships. B.It’s not the end of the world if we break things. C.We should move on no matter what happens. D.Past experiences should be treasured. Ⅵ.七选五 The Chongyang Festival falls on the ninth day of the ninth month in the Chinese lunar calendar and people usually celebrate it by going mountain climbing. 　1　 However,they are an important part of Chinese culture and we must protect and maintain them.  Traditional festivals teach us a lot about our nation’s history.The Dragon Boat Festival,for instance,is celebrated in honour of Qu Yuan,a great poet living in the Warring States period of the ancient China.　2　 Promoting traditional festivals does help spread knowledge about our national history.  　3　 Many festivals,such as the Mid-Autumn Festival,have a caring,family-centered message at their heart.The full moon on the festival is considered to stand for family togetherness and the family members will come back home no matter how far away they live.With the celebrations of these festivals,younger generations learn to honour the fine Chinese values.  Finally,traditional festivals are a source of national pride and help shape our traditional identity.For example,we celebrate the Hanshi Festival and the Laba Festival with unique customs,and these shared experiences bring us together as a people.　4　  To our pride,traditional festivals have been passed down to us from previous generations.　5　  A.Some will get together,appreciating the full moon. B.Memorizing national history helps with our all-around development. C.It is our responsibility to protect them for the coming generations. D.Traditional festivals also enable us to learn more about fine Chinese values. E.Traditional festivals tell us who we are and fill us with pride in being Chinese. F.Unfortunately,many traditional festivals are becoming less and less popular in modern society. G.By celebrating it with rice dumplings and dragon boat races,the story of Qu Yuan is passed down from generation to generation. 知识积累卡 一、重点单词 1.amaze v.　　　　　　→amazed adj. 　　　　　　→amazing adj. 　　　　　　 →amazement n. 　　　　　　  2.detail n. 　　　　　　→detailed adj.　　　　　　  3.economy n. 　　　　　　　→economic adj.　　　　　　  4.influence n.& v. 　　　　　　→influential adj. 　　　　　　  5.purchase v. 　　　　　  6.tender adj.　　　　　  二、熟词生义 1.breed　本文义:n.　　　　　　　其他义:v.　　　　　　  2.level　本文义:v.　　　　　　　其他义:n.　　　　　　  三、词块速记 1.on display　　　　　　　　　　　  2.be filled with treasure　　　　　　　　　  3.take the place of　　　　　　　　　　　  4.family businesses　　　　　　　　　　　  5.various social backgrounds　　　　　　　  四、经典句式背诵 1.It was no secret that when Qinshihuang died he was buried in a huge tomb more than 70 meters tall. 句意: ___________________________________________________________ 2.It is thought that there may be more than 8,000 warriors in total.(It is+过去分词+that...) 句意: ___________________________________________________________ 3.Jordan said that no matter how it ends,it starts with hope. 句意: ___________________________________________________________ 五、长难句分析 The rising standard of living and the spread of standardized consumer goods also worked to level European society,as the percent of income spent on food and drink declined substantially and people began to purchase a wider range of goods beyond just food and drinks. 分析:本句是一个主从复合句。The rising standard of living...是主句,as引导的是原因状语从句。 句意: ___________________________________________________________ 参考答案 Ⅰ.1.nearby　2.defence　3.evidence　4.military 5.conquered Ⅱ.1.Surrounded　2.fascinating　3.puzzled　4.location　5.achievement　6.to Ⅲ.1.broke away from　2.belonging to various noble families　3.as well as its historic landmarks　4.Everywhere you go in England　5.keep your eyes open for Ⅳ.Activity 1 1.In the nearby,fascinating town　2.surrounded by;was referred to as　3.while exploring;puzzling symbols 4.belonged to　5.Over days of research　6.provided evidence Activity 2 In the nearby,fascinating town,a young woman named Amy went on an adventurous trip.The town,surrounded by tales of an ancient forest,was referred to as the “Forest of Mystery”.So she decided to explore and while exploring,she discovered a mysterious stone tablet covered in puzzling symbols.Believing it belonged to a bygone era,she took it home.Over days of research,she successfully decoded secret.To people’s surprise,her findings provided evidence for the existence of the mysterious treasure within the Forest of Mystery. Ⅴ.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了1974年中国西安东北部的农民在挖井时发现的秦始皇兵马俑的情况,以及关于秦始皇陵的已知信息和未解之谜。 1.B　细节理解题。根据第一段“On March 29,1974,farmers were digging a well northeast of Xi’an when they made an amazing find:the bodies of life-sized figures,made of terracotta,from the Qin Dynasty.”可知,1974年农民们发现了真人大小的陶俑躯体,故选B项。 2.B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“It was no secret that when Qinshihuang died he was buried in a huge tomb more than 70 meters tall.However,through the ages,details of his tomb had become forgotten.”可知,秦始皇的坟墓有70多米高,故选B项。 3.A　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Every statue is different.The face and clothes of each one were modeled on a real soldier in his army.”可知,兵马俑的每个雕像都是完全不同的,故选A项。 4.D　词义猜测题。根据上文“Only a small part of the area around Qinshihuang’s tomb has been dug up”可知,陵墓本身的内容仍然是一个谜。“a mystery”在此处的意思是“未解之谜”,与“something unknown”意思相近,故选D项。 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是欧洲社会在第二次大战后的变化。 5.A　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Ownership of property (财产) and strong family ties had often been the keys to wealth and standing within the middle class.”可知,在19世纪和20世纪初,牢固的家庭关系往往是财富和跻身中产阶级的关键,故选A项。 6.A　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Thus the new middle class,which was based largely on specialized skills and high levels of education,was more open,democratic,and less secure than the old middle class.”可知,新中产阶级比旧中产阶级更开放、更民主,故选A项。 7.B　推理判断题。根据尾段中的“The rising standard of living and the spread of standardized consumer goods also worked to level European society”以及下文例子中提到汽车数量的增长可知,此处用车数量的增长作为数据支撑,是为了体现战后欧洲经济和社会的巨大变化,故选B项。 8.D　主旨大意题。首段提到第二次大战后欧洲的经济快速增长,导致一个更开放和公平的社会,阶级差异也不明显,进而在第二段中分析了欧洲社会中产阶级结构的转变,并在第三段中介绍了这一转变的原因,最后提到的是战后消费观念的转变如何影响社会。由此可知,本文主要介绍的是战后欧洲社会的转变,故选D项。 【语篇导读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章作者通过身边的一些事,以及观看乔丹纪录片《最后一舞》,终于意识到我们应该学会放下过去,从希望开始继续前行。 9.D　细节理解题。根据第一段“About five weeks ago,I noticed the skin of our pet lizard (蜥蜴) was growing dusty.It worried me...behind it.”可知,作者观察到宠物蜥蜴皮肤不对劲,后来才发现它蜕皮了。故选D项。 10.B　细节理解题。根据第六段中的“It fell and crashed beside the cake...My husband had banana pudding for his birthday.”可知,作者的丈夫在生日的时候吃香蕉布丁是因为生日蛋糕被毁了。故选B项。 11.D　词义猜测题。根据画线单词下文“Neither of them chose the moment that had transformed them...leave the past behind.”可知,画线词组指的是将过去抛在脑后。故选D项。 12.C　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Jordan said that no matter how it ends,it starts with hope.With our tender,hopeful skin,that is where we begin.”可知,作者告诉我们必须学会放下过去,继续前进,也就是无论发生什么事情,我们都应该带着希望继续前进。故选C项。 Ⅵ.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国传统节日的价值,并呼吁大家保护传统节日。 1.F　由空格后一句中的“However”可知,此处前后句之间存在转折关系,而F项指出“传统节日越来越不受欢迎”这一现状,故选F项。 2.G　由前一句“The Dragon Boat Festival,for instance,is celebrated in honour of Qu Yuan,...”可知,本段用端午节纪念屈原为例来说明传统节日有助于传播历史知识的观点,而G项符合语境,故选G项。 3.D　由本段最后一句可知,本段介绍的是通过庆祝传统节日,年轻一代可以学习中国优秀价值观,而D项中“Chinese values”符合语境,故选D项。 4.E　由本段首句可知,本段介绍传统节日有助于塑造民族自豪感和认同感,而E项符合本段主旨,故选E项。 5.C　由空格前一句可知,本段在重申自己的观点,呼吁保护传统节日,故C项符合语境。 知识积累卡 一、1.使惊讶　感到惊讶的　令人惊讶的　惊讶　2.细节 详细的　3.经济　经济的　4.影响　有影响力的　5.购买 6.脆弱的;纤弱的 二、1.类型　生产;孕育　2.使平等　水平;标准 三、1.展览,公开展出　2.充满宝藏　3.代替,取代　4.家族企业　5.不同的社会背景 四、1.秦始皇去世时,他被埋葬在一座70多米高的巨大坟墓里,这已经不是什么秘密了。 2.据认为,总共可能有8000多名战士。 3.乔丹曾说:希望,永远是故事的起点,不论终点何在。 五、生活水平的提高和标准化消费品的普及也促进了欧洲社会的平等化,因为用于食品和饮料的收入比例大幅下降,人们开始购买更广泛的商品,而不仅仅是食品和饮料。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $