Unit 9 语法专项—— 方位介词 & 一般过去时课件2025-2026学年仁爱科普版七年级英语下册

教学课件 新仁爱版七年级下册 Unit 9 语法专项—— 方位介词 & 一般过去时 全解精讲+分层练习 1 学习目标 1. 掌握本单元核心方位介词/短语的含义、用法及易混点 2. 熟记一般过去时的定义、标志词及动词过去式变化规则 3. 能正确运用方位介词描述位置，用一般过去时表达过去动作 4. 规避两类语法的常见错误，完成各类题型练习 5. 能结合语境灵活运用知识点，提升语言运用能力 一、方位介词（Prepositions）—— 核心定义 方位介词是表示人或事物在空间中位置关系的词 核心特点：后必须接名词或代词作宾语，不能单独使用 本阶段重点：掌握8个常考基础介词/短语，能准确描述位置 学习关键：区分易混介词，牢记固定搭配和用法场景 注意：描述位置时，需明确参照物，避免歧义 常考方位介词/短语（一） 1. on the left (of)：在（……的）左边，of后接参照物可省略 例句：The bank is on the left of the street.（银行在街道左边） 2. on the right (of)：在（……的）右边，用法同left 例句：The park is on the right of the school.（公园在学校右边） 3. in front of：在……的前面（外部），两物体相互独立 例句：There is a tree in front of the classroom.（教室前有一棵树） 常考方位介词/短语（二） 1. behind：在……的后面，两物体独立，表后方位置 例句：The bike is behind the door.（自行车在门后面） 2. between … and …：在……和……之间，仅接两个参照物 例句：A shop is between the hospital and the hotel. 3. next to / beside：在……旁边，两者可完全互换 例句：My desk is next to / beside Li Ming’s.（我的座位在李明旁边） 常考方位介词/短语（三） 1. at the end of：在……的尽头/末尾，固定短语 适用场景：后接道路、街道、走廊等有长度的地点 例句：There is a bus stop at the end of the road. 补充：at the end of 也可接时间，如at the end of the month（月末） 注意：不可省略at，避免错误表达“the end of the road” 方位介词易混点辨析——in front of vs in the front of 两者均表“在……前面”，核心区别：是否在物体内部 1. in front of：外部前面，两物体相互独立，不包含在内 例句：There is a car in front of the building.（大楼前面有一辆车） 2. in the front of：内部前面，物体的一部分，包含在内 例句：The teacher is in the front of the classroom.（老师在教室前面） 记忆技巧：加the表示“在内部”，无the表示“在外部” 方位介词高频易错点汇总 1. 遗漏介词：如“在左边”错写left of，正确为on the left of 2. 混淆between和among：between仅接两个参照物，among接三个及以上 3. 误用in front of和in the front of：忽略“内部/外部”区别 4. at the end of漏at：正确表达必须加at，不可省略 5. next to和beside混用错误：两者可互换，无需区分 方位介词基础小练（一） 按要求改写句子，保持句意不变，规范使用介词 1. The school is on the right of the hospital.（on the left of） 2. A tree is in front of the house.（behind） 3. The library is beside the post office.（next to） 4. There is a shop on the right of the bank and a park on the left.（between … and …） There is a shop between the bank and the park. The school is on the left of the hospital. A tree is behind the house. The library is next to the post office. 方位介词基础小练（二） 根据中文提示，用恰当的方位介词填空 1. 我的书包在椅子后面。My schoolbag is _______________ the chair. 2. 书店在超市和电影院之间。The bookstore is _______________ the supermarket and the cinema. 3. 公园在街道的尽头。There is a park ________________ the street. 4. 他的座位在我的旁边。His seat is ________________ mine. 5. 银行在医院的左边。The bank is ______________ the hospital. on the left of behind between at the end of next to/beside 方位介词提升小练（单项选择） 认真读题，结合介词用法，选择最佳答案 1. —Where is the library? —It’s ____________ the left of the school. A. on B. in C. at D. to 2. There is a river ____________ the two mountains. A. next to B. between C. behind D. in front of 3. The shop is ____________ the hotel; they are very close. A. beside B. between C. at the end of D. on the right 4. Walk along the street, and you can see a bank ____________ your right. A. in B. on C. at D. to 5. The teacher’s desk is ____________ the classroom. A. in front of B. in the front of C. behind D. beside A B A B B 方位介词拓展小练（完成句子） 根据中文提示，用方位介词完成句子，注意语法规范 1. 邮局在路的左边。The post office is on the left ____________ the road. 2. 一只猫在盒子和桌子之间。A cat is ____________ the box and the desk. 3. 教室前面有一个花园（外部）。 There is a garden ____________ the classroom. 4. 我的钢笔在英语书的旁边。My pen is _____________ my English book. 5. 在走廊的尽头有一个卫生间。 There is a toilet ________________ the corridor. of between in front of next to/beside at the end of 二、一般过去时（The simple past tense I）—— 核心定义 一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态 核心特征：动作已经结束，与现在没有任何关联 本单元重点：掌握动词过去式变化、肯定句结构及标志词 学习关键：区分规则动词和不规则动词的过去式，牢记标志词 注意：时态判断核心看时间，有过去时间标志词必用一般过去时 一般过去时——关键标志词 1. 昨天：yesterday（yesterday morning/afternoon） 2. 上周/周末/上个月：last week/weekend/month 3. 刚才：just now（重点，易混淆，表过去瞬间动作） 4. ……之前：ago（如three days ago 三天前，two hours ago 两小时前） 补充：还有last year（去年）、the day before yesterday（前天） 记忆：所有表“过去某个具体时间”的短语，均为过去时标志 动词过去式——规则变化（口诀记忆） 核心口诀：一般直接加ed，e结尾只加d； 辅音+y变i加ed，重读闭音双写加ed。 1. 一般动词直接加-ed：watch→watched，play→played，visit→visited 2. 以e结尾的动词加-d：love→loved，like→liked，care→cared 3. 辅音+y结尾，变y为i加-ed：cry→cried，study→studied 4. 重读闭音节结尾，双写尾辅音加-ed：stop→stopped，plan→planned 动词过去式——规则变化（发音提示） 掌握发音规则，正确朗读过去式，避免发音错误 1. 清辅音（如t、k、p）后，ed读/t/：watched /wɒtʃt/，stopped /stɒpt/ 2. 浊辅音（如d、g、v）/元音后，ed读/d/：loved /lʌvd/，played /pleɪd/ 3. t、d结尾的动词，ed读/ɪd/：want→wanted /ˈwɒntɪd/，need→needed /ˈniːdɪd/ 注意：发音不影响书写，但正确朗读有助于记忆 动词过去式——本单元高频不规则动词（一） 1. say（说）→ said 例句：He said “sorry” to me yesterday. 2. see（看见）→ saw 例句：I saw a dog in the street just now. 3. go（去）→ went 例句：She went to school by bike last week. 4. take（拿；拍）→ took 例句：We took photos in the park yesterday. 5. have（有；度过）→ had 例句：I had a good time last weekend. 动词过去式——本单元高频不规则动词（二） 1. fly（飞）→ flew 例句：The bird flew away just now. 2. put（放）→ put 例句：He put his bag on the desk yesterday.（原形=过去式） 3. write（写）→ wrote 例句：She wrote a letter to her mom last night. 4. read（读）→ read 例句：I read a storybook yesterday.（拼写不变，发音不同） 5. do（做）→ did 例句：They did their homework last evening. 一般过去时——肯定句结构 核心结构：主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他 + 过去时间标志词 关键：谓语动词必须用过去式，不能用原形或三单形式 例句1：I visited my grandparents yesterday.（我昨天去看望了祖父母） 例句2：They played basketball last weekend.（他们上周末打了篮球） 例句3：She saw a beautiful flower just now. 注意：时间标志词通常放在句末，也可放在句首（首字母大写） 一般过去时高频易错点（一） 1. 规则动词错误：辅音+y结尾，直接加ed（如cry→cryed 错→cried 对） 2. 重读闭音节错误：漏双写尾辅音（如stop→stopped 对，stop→stoped 错） 3. e结尾动词错误：加ed（如like→liked 对，like→likeed 错） 4. 不规则动词错误：混淆过去式（如go→went 对，go→goed 错） 5. put、read等特殊动词：误写为puted、readed（均错，原形=过去式） 一般过去时高频易错点（二） 1. 时态判断错误：有过去标志词，仍用原形（如yesterday用play 错→played 对） 2. 句式错误：肯定句中加助动词did（如I did visit... 错，直接用I visited... 对） 3. 时间标志词误用：将now、today等现在标志词与过去时连用 4. 主谓一致错误：过去时中，动词无需随主语变化（如he played 对，he plays 错） 一般过去时基础小练（一） 写出下列动词的过去式，区分规则和不规则动词 1. watch → ____________ 2. love → ____________ 3. cry → ____________ 4. stop → ____________ 5. play → ____________ 6. say → ____________ 7. see → ____________ 8. go → ____________ 9. have → ____________ 10. take → ____________ 11. put → ____________ 12. write → ____________ watched loved cried stopped played said saw went had took put wrote 一般过去时基础小练（二） 用所给动词的适当形式填空，注意时态标志词 1. He ____________ (visit) his uncle yesterday afternoon. 2. We ____________ (play) football in the park last weekend. 3. She ____________ (see) a big elephant just now. 4. I ____________ (have) a birthday party last month. 5. They ____________ (take) many photos on the trip yesterday. 6. My mom ____________ (cook) dinner for us last night. visited played saw had took cooked 一般过去时提升小练（单项选择） 1. My brother ____________ to the zoo last Saturday. A. go B. goes C. went D. going 2. —What did you do just now? —I ____________ my homework. A. do B. did C. does D. doing 3. She ____________ a song for us at the party yesterday. A. sing B. sings C. sang D. singing 4. They ____________ the books on the shelf last Sunday. A. put B. puts C. putting D. putted 5. I ____________ a letter to my pen pal three days ago. A. write B. writes C. wrote D. writing C B C A C 一般过去时提升小练（连词成句） 1. yesterday, I, the park, visited (.) 2. last weekend, we, football, played (.) 3. just now, she, a cat, saw (.) 4. I, a good time, had, last week (.) 5. he, his bag, on the desk, put, yesterday (.) 要求：注意语序，句末加句号，时间标志词放句末 I visited the park yesterday. We played football last weekend. She saw a cat just now. I had a good time last week. He put his bag on the desk yesterday. 一般过去时拓展小练（完成句子） 根据中文提示，用一般过去时完成句子，注意动词变形 1. 我昨天去了超市。I ____________ to the supermarket yesterday. 2. 他们上周末看了一场电影。They ____________ a movie last weekend. 3. 她刚才哭了。She ____________ just now. 4. 我们昨天拍了很多照片。We ____________ many photos yesterday. 5. 李明昨天把书放在了桌子上。Li Ming ____________ the books on the desk yesterday. went saw cried took put 方位介词 & 一般过去时 综合练（一） 1. The cat ____________ (be) ____________ the box yesterday.（猫昨天在盒子后面） 2. He ____________ (go) to the shop ____________ the school yesterday.（他昨天去了学校旁边的商店） 3. There ____________ (be) a tree ____________ the house just now.（刚才房子前面有一棵树） 4. They ____________ (play) football ____________ the two buildings last weekend.（他们上周末在两栋楼之间踢足球） was behind went beside/next to was in front of played between 方位介词 & 一般过去时 综合练（二） 1. —Where ____________ you yesterday? —I was ____________ my friend’s home. A. are; at B. were; at C. are; in D. were; in 2. The post office ____________ on the left of the street last year. A. is B. are C. was D. were 3. She ____________ a bird ____________ the tree just now. A. see; in B. saw; in C. see; on D. saw; on 4. There ____________ a shop ____________ the hospital and the bank three days ago. A. is; between B. was; between C. is; beside D. was; beside B C B B 方位介词 核心知识点总结 1. 方位介词表空间位置，后接名词/代词，核心掌握8个常考短语 2. 重点区分in front of（外部）和in the front of（内部），避免混淆 3. between … and … 仅接两个参照物，at the end of 不可漏at 4. next to和beside可互换，描述“相邻”关系 5. 规避漏介词、混淆易混短语、误用搭配等常见错误 一般过去时 核心知识点总结 1. 表过去发生的动作/状态，与现在无关，核心看过去时间标志词 2. 动词过去式分规则和不规则，规则动词按口诀变形，不规则需熟记 3. 肯定句结构：主语 + 过去式 + 其他 + 时间标志词 4. 重点牢记本单元高频不规则动词，避免变形错误 5. 时态判断关键：看到yesterday、last…、just now等，必用过去时 语法运用实用小贴士 1. 描述位置时，先确定参照物，再选择合适的方位介词 2. 遇到过去时间标志词，立刻想到用一般过去时，动词变过去式 3. 做题时，先判断题型考点（介词/过去时），再套用对应规则 4. 重点记忆易错点和不规则动词，每天花5分钟巩固 5. 结合例句和语境记忆，避免死记硬背，提升运用能力 教学课件 Unit 9 语法专项—— 方位介词 & 一般过去时 Thank you for listening! 32 $