精品解析：宁夏回族自治区石嘴山市惠农区石嘴山市第一中学2025-2026学年高二下学期开学英语试题

石嘴山市第一中学2025-2026学年第二学期高二年级开学考试 英语试题 听力（满分 30 分） 阅读（共两节，满分 50 分） 第一节（共 15 小题;每小题 2. 5 分，满分 37. 5 分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Southeast Michigan is central to a lot of low-cost and free activities to keep kids occupied, happy and learning during holidays. Here’s a list from the Detroit Free Press’s education reporter. Ann Arbor Art Center Ann Arbor Art Center, together with other programs for kids, offers a family Friday event on select Fridays during the summer holidays, which has children do different handwork in each class, such as making stuffed animals (毛绒玩具). The center also hosts art activities for kids, including paper cutting. The cost varies depending on the activities. Self-guided nature walks in Heritage Park Farmington Public Schools partners with the Farmington Hills Nature Center in Heritage Park to create opportunities for self-guided nature walks with activities for kids this summer. The Farmington Hills Nature Center, an indoor place, is also open in case it starts to rain and features many kinds of animals, which are attractive to kids. The Farmington Hills Nature Center is free. It is open on Mondays through Saturdays from 10 am to 4 p.m. and Sundays from noon until 4 p.m. Public planetarium (天文馆) shows at Wayne State University On select Friday nights in the summer months of July and August, the university hosts free public planetarium shows: one at 6 pm and another at 7:30 pm. The presentation includes a 30-minute film followed by a talk by a planetarium member. Stemville If you want to encourage kids’ creativity in science and engineering, Stemville promises to encourage kids to create with various tools, robots and more. This summer, the organization is hosting a special lesson on how to program, which requires parents to book online ahead of time. Cost: $ 20 for one child and one adult. 1. Who may be interested in the Farmington Hills Nature Center? A Kids who love animals. B. Kids who like rainy days. C. Kids who want to observe stars. D. Kids who enjoy doing handwork. 2. Which of the following requires booking in advance? A. The nature walks. B. The programming class C. The planetarium shows. D. The paper-cutting activity. 3. What do the activities in the text have in common? A. They have an age limit B. They are free of charge. C. They take place in summer. D. They are guided by teachers. 【答案】1. A 2. B 3. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍密歇根州东南部适合孩子假期参与的四项低成本或免费趣味活动。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The Farmington Hills Nature Center, an indoor place, is also open in case it starts to rain and features many kinds of animals, which are attractive to kids.(法明顿山自然中心是一个室内场所，下雨天也开放，以多种动物为特色，很吸引孩子)”可知，该中心有多种动物，因此喜欢动物的孩子会对它感兴趣。故选A项。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段中的“This summer, the organization is hosting a special lesson on how to program, which requires parents to book online ahead of time.(今年夏天，该机构将举办一门编程专题课，需要家长提前在线预订)”可知，编程课程需要提前预约。故选B项。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“on select Fridays during the summer holidays(在暑假期间特定的几个周五)”、第三段中的“this summer(这个夏天)”、第四段中的“in the summer months of July and August在夏季的七、八两个月里)”和第五段中的“This summer(这个夏天)”可知，文中四项活动的共同点是都在夏季开展。故选C项。 B For several Januarys, I dutifully entered my New Year’s resolutions in a notebook, assuming that placing my pledges (誓言) for self-improvement on paper would keep me on track. Most years, though, my little declarations of resolve quickly disappeared beneath daily urgencies as I closed out the holiday season and returned to my regular life. Last January, I adopted a different strategy to boost my chances of success. Instead of entering my resolutions in a notebook, I printed them in large type on a sheet of paper, and then nailed it above my office desk. I figured the big letters would keep my attention throughout the year. I made 10 resolutions in all — among them were pledges to volunteer more, renew old friendships, and improve my personal health. Surprisingly, my experiment brought some memorable victories. One afternoon, I was halfway through writing an email to decline a spot on a civic (公民的) committee when I adjusted my position in the chair to gather a thought. That’s when Resolution 4, “Do more volunteer work,” caught my eye. Chastened, I decided to serve on that civic committee, a role that connected me with neighbors and made my year a much brighter one. After a coffee break one morning, I spotted Resolution 8, “Renew and deepen my friendships,” as I returned to my workstation. Inspired, I texted three old college friends and scheduled a long-overdue lunch date. Reaching for my briefcase before I ended my shift on a summer evening, I noticed Resolution 7, “Work on my personal health.” It greeted me like a caring workmate, just the encouragement I needed to pick up my daily walks. Of the 10 resolutions I made last January, I ended up making decent progress on nine. And I learned something valuable. 4. What was the author’s problem at first? A. He found it hard to make a resolve. B. He used to fail to keep his resolutions. C. He had no idea how to improve himself. D. He struggled during each holiday season. 5. What was the author like according to paragraph 2? A. He was reflective and creative. B. He was humorous and ambitious. C. He hated making pledges at the office. D. He disliked to keep himself occupied. 6. What did the author probably learn in the end? A. Friendship was forever in the heart. B. Personal health should always come first. C. Success was guaranteed by writing resolutions down. D. A vision of our best self was often within reach. 7. What is the main idea of the passage? A. The author’s traditional way of making New-Year’s resolutions. B. The author’s failure to keep New-Year’s resolutions in the past. C. The author’s new strategy for making New-Year’s resolutions and its positive results. D. The author’s opinion on the importance of making New-Year’s resolutions. 【答案】4. B 5. A 6. D 7. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者以往新年决心总是难以坚持，而去年作者采用了新策略，把新年决心打印出来钉在办公桌上方，这一策略带来了积极的结果，作者在多个决心上取得了不错的进展。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“For several Januarys, I dutifully entered my New Year’s resolutions in a notebook, assuming that placing my pledges (誓言) for self-improvement on paper would keep me on track. Most years, though, my little declarations of resolve quickly disappeared beneath daily urgencies as I closed out the holiday season and returned to my regular life. (在好几个一月里，我都尽职地把我的新年决心写在笔记本上，以为把自我提升的誓言写在纸上就能让我保持正轨。然而，在大多数年份里，当我结束假期回到正常生活时，我那些小小的决心宣言很快就在日常的紧急事务中消失了)”可知，作者一开始的问题是他过去常常无法坚持自己的新年决心。故选B项。 【5题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段前三句“Last January, I adopted a different strategy to boost my chances of success. Instead of entering my resolutions in a notebook, I printed them in large type on a sheet of paper, and then nailed it above my office desk. I figured the big letters would keep my attention throughout the year. (去年一月，我采用了一种不同的策略来增加成功的机会。我没有把我的决心写在笔记本上，而是用大号字体把它们打印在一张纸上，然后把它钉在我的办公桌上方。我想这些大字会让我一整年都保持关注)”可知，作者反思了以往无法坚持新年决心的情况，从而想出了新的办法，说明他善于反思且有创造力。故选A项。 【6题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Of the 10 resolutions I made last January, I ended up making decent progress on nine. And I learned something valuable. (在我去年一月制定的10个决心中，我最终在9个方面取得了不错的进展。我也学到了一些有价值的东西)”以及上文作者因为看到写着新年决心的纸张而在不同方面做出改变并取得成果可知，作者最终可能学到了我们最理想的自我往往触手可及，只要有合适的方式提醒自己并付出行动。故选D项。 【7题详解】 主旨大意题。纵览全文，根据第二段前两句“Last January, I adopted a different strategy to boost my chances of success. Instead of entering my resolutions in a notebook, I printed them in large type on a sheet of paper, and then nailed it above my office desk. (去年一月，我采用了一种不同的策略来增加成功的机会。我没有把我的决心写在笔记本上，而是用大号字体把它们打印在一张纸上，然后把它钉在我的办公桌上方)”和第三段第一句“Surprisingly, my experiment brought some memorable victories. (令人惊讶的是，我的实验带来了一些值得铭记的胜利)”以及最后一段第一句“Of the 10 resolutions I made last January, I ended up making decent progress on nine. (在我去年一月制定的10个决心中，我最终在9个方面取得了不错的进展)”可知，文章主要讲述了作者制定新年决心的新策略及其积极结果。故选C项。 C A new drug-delivery system could replace needles with puffs (股) of air. Gassensmith studies bioengineering at the University of Texas. His team’s new tech goes beyond patient comfort, though. The device quickly delivers drugs without touching the bloodstream. And that could reduce the risk of spreading disease. He tested it out on his own arm. “I could feel it, but it wasn’t painful,” he reports. The technology works by blowing in a puff of air through the skin. That gas carries a powder made of tiny bits of vaccine (疫苗) wrapped in metallic crystals (晶体). The crystal coating is really strong, Gassensmith says. As a result, the vaccine powder does not have to be refrigerated while stored. The air contains carbon dioxide, or CO2. Once in the body, the CO2 that carries the powder will mix with water. It creates a weak acid that breaks down the crystal cover. Released, the vaccine bits are then able to enter the bloodstream. This gas-based drug-delivery system is an upgrade over previous ones. For instance, adjusting the gas that carries the vaccine powder can customize how fast the tiny crystal capsules release the drug. Testing showed that the drug released fastest when delivered with carbon dioxide. Plain air led to a slower, gentler release. Vaccines work best when released slowly. That allows them longer contact with the immune(免疫) system. But the team hopes the device could work for other medicines too. And some medicines must be released quickly. One such example is insulin, a crucial drug for many people with diabetes. Fear of needles keeps many people from getting vaccinations. Gassensmith is optimistic that this new system might get around that. Future research must ensure that gas-delivered vaccines build immunity to disease as expected, said Weniger, a doctor, who studied vaccine technology for 30 years for the U. S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 8. What can we learn about the new drug-delivery system from paragraph 1? A. It causes the loss of feeling. B. It improves the use of needle. C. It cares about patient comfort. D. It blocks the spread of disease. 9. What is the function of the crystals? A. To create a weak acid. B. To absorb carbon dioxide. C. To clean the bloodstream. D. To contain the vaccine. 10. What is the advantage of the upgraded drug-delivery system? A. Flexibility. B. Durability. C. High speed. D. Gentle release. 11. What should the future study focus on according to Weniger? A. The effectiveness of gas-based vaccines. B. The acceptance of getting vaccinations. C. The influence of vaccine on disease control. D. The operation of the new drug-delivery system. 【答案】8. C 9. D 10. A 11. A 【解析】 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种新发明的注射器，它可以利用气体将疫苗送入血液，从而减少打针的痛苦。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“His team’s new tech goes beyond patient comfort, though.(他团队的新技术超出病人的舒适度。)以及“ He tested it out on his own arm. “I could feel it, but it wasn’t painful,” he reports.(他在自己手臂上来测试这个注射器。“我能感觉到它，但并不痛。”)”可知，这一种新的药物输送系统会关心人的舒适度，减轻打针的痛苦，故选C。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“That gas carries a powder made of tiny bits of vaccine (疫苗) wrapped in metallic crystals (晶体). The crystal coating is really strong, Gassensmith says. As a result, the vaccine powder does not have to be refrigerated while stored.(这种气体携带一种由包裹在金属晶体中的微小疫苗制成的粉末。Gassensmith说道，这种晶体涂层非常坚固，因此，疫苗粉末在储存时是不需要冷藏的。)”可知，晶体是用来包裹疫苗粉末的，故其作用是储存疫苗，故选D。 【10题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“This gas-based drug-delivery system is an upgrade over previous ones. For instance, adjusting the gas that carries the vaccine powder can customize how fast the tiny crystal capsules release the drug.(这种基于气体的药物输送系统是对以前系统的升级。例如，调整携带疫苗粉末的气体可以定制微小晶体胶囊释放药物的速度。)”可知，这种新升级的药物输送系统的优势在于其调整气体可以定制微小晶体胶囊释放药物的速度，故其优势在于它的灵活性，故选A。 【11题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Future research must ensure that gas-delivered vaccines build immunity to disease as expected, said Weniger, a doctor, who studied vaccine technology for 30 years for the U. S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.(为美国疾病控制和预防中心研究疫苗技术30年的Weniger医生说道：“未来的研究必须确保气体输送疫苗能够如预期那样建立对疾病的免疫力。”)”可知，根据Weniger，他认为未来的研究要确保气体输送疫苗能够如预期那样建立对疾病的免疫力，故其主要关注气体输送疫苗的有效性，故选A。 D Superhuman artificial intelligence has played a role in our life. When it comes to playing games like chess or solving difficult scientific challenges like predicting protein structures, computers are well ahead of humans. But we have one superpower they aren’t close to mastering: mind reading. We are blessed with a mysterious ability to reason the goals, desires and beliefs of others, a crucial skill that means we can anticipate other people’s actions and the consequences of our own. If AIs are to become truly useful in everyday life — to cooperate effectively with us or to understand that a child might run into the road after a bouncing ball — we have to give them this gift that evolution has given us to read other people’s minds. In psychology, the ability to infer another’s mental state is referred to as theory of mind. In humans, this capacity develops at a very young age. How to reproduce the capability in machines is far from clear, though. One of the main challenges is context. For instance, if someone asks whether you are going for a run and you reply “it’s raining”, they can quickly conclude the answer is no. But this requires huge amounts of background knowledge about running, weather and human preferences. Besides, whether humans or AI, the theory of mind is supposed to emerge naturally from one’ s own learning process. Building prior knowledge into AI makes it reliant on our imperfect understanding of theory of mind. In addition, AI may be capable of developing approaches we could never imagine. There can be many forms of theory of mind that we don’t know about simply because we live in a human body that has certain types of sense s and a certain ability to think. But we might still want AI to have a more human-like form of theory of mind. Humans can clearly explain their goals to each other using common language and ideas. While letting AI form the theory of mind in their learning process is likely to lead to developing more powerful AI, plainly building in shared ways to represent knowledge may be crucial for humans to trust and communicate with AI. It is important to remember, though, that the pursuit of machines with theory of mind is about more than just building more useful robots. It is also a stepping stone on the path towards a deeper goal for AI and robotics research: building truly self-aware machines. Whether we will ever get there remains to be seen. But along the way thinking about other people and other agents, we are on the path to learning to think about ourselves. 12. According to the passage, which of the following contexts can AI understand well? A. When a mom asks her kid to drink a glass of milk, the kid drinks it up. B. When kids see their mom after hurting themselves, they cry even louder. C. When a teacher asks for a boy’s homework, he answers “my cat ate it”. D. When you are treated with a spicy hotpot for dinner, you reply “a sore throat”. 13. Which statement will the author agree with most about theory of mind? A. Humans’ theory of mind is far from perfect. B. Humans limit AI’s theory of mind to an extent. C. AI’s theory of mind development has been fully uncovered. D. Shared forms of theory of mind lead to more powerful AI. 14. What is the author’s attitude toward truly self-aware machines? A. Ambiguous. B. Subjective. C. Approving. D. Skeptical. 15. Which would be the best title for the passage? A. AI with Its Own Theory of Mind Is Anticipated. B. AI’s Theory of Mind Will Define Our Future. C. AI’s Theory of Mind—a Blessing or Suffering to Humans. D. Theory of Mind Bridges the Gap Between Humans and AI. 【答案】12. A 13. B 14. C 15. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章主要探讨了人工智能（AI）在理论心智（theory of mind）方面的发展现状、挑战及未来展望。理论心智是指理解他人心理状态的能力，对人类合作与沟通至关重要。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“One of the main challenges is context. For instance, if someone asks whether you are going for a run and you reply “it’s raining”, they can quickly conclude the answer is no. But this requires huge amounts of background knowledge about running, weather and human preferences.(主要的挑战之一是上下文。例如，如果有人问你是否要去跑步，而你回答“下雨了”，他们可以很快得出结论，答案是否定的。但这需要大量的关于跑步、天气和人类偏好的背景知识。)”可知，AI在理解需要大量背景知识或复杂上下文的情境时存在困难。故选A项。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“Besides, whether humans or AI, the theory of mind is supposed to emerge naturally from one’ s own learning process. Building prior knowledge into AI makes it reliant on our imperfect understanding of theory of min.(此外，无论是人类还是AI，理论心智都应该从自己的学习过程中自然产生。将先验知识构建到AI中，会使它依赖于我们对理论心智的不完善理解。)”可知，人类对理论心智的不完善理解可能会限制AI理论心智的发展，即人类在一定程度上限制了AI的理论心智。故选B项。 【14题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Whether we will ever get there remains to be seen. But along the way thinking about other people and other agents, we are on the path to learning to think about ourselves.(我们是否能够实现这一目标还有待观察。但在这一过程中，我们思考着他人和其他主体，我们正走在学会思考自己的道路上。)”可知，作者对真正具有自我意识的机器的态度是赞成的。故选C项。 【15题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“But we have one superpower they aren’t close to mastering: mind reading.(但我们有一种他们还远远没有掌握的超能力：读心术。)”和第二段“If AIs are to become truly useful in everyday life — to cooperate effectively with us or to understand that a child might run into the road after a bouncing ball — we have to give them this gift that evolution has given us to read other people’s minds.(如果人工智能要在日常生活中真正发挥作用——与我们有效合作，或者理解一个孩子可能会在弹跳的球后面跑到马路上——我们必须赋予它们这种进化赋予我们的读心术能力。)”可知，文章主要讨论了AI在理论心智方面的发展现状、挑战及未来展望，即期待AI能拥有自己的理论心智。由此可知，最佳标题是A项“AI with Its Own Theory of Mind Is Anticipated”(期待具有自身心理理论的AI)。故选A项。 第二节（共 5 小题;每小题 2. 5 分，满分 12. 5 分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Parkour Around a City There are many ways to travel within a city.___16___ But no matter which way we travel, we have to follow the route the city planners laid down for us. ___17___ To them, there are no designed routes. There are no walls and no stairs they jump, climb and crawl to move across, through, over and under anything they find in their path.___18___ The International Gymnastics Federation (FIG) has noticed that this activity is drawing more and more people to it—there are 100,000 people taking part in parkour (跑酷) today in the UK alone, according to The Guardian and how it is helpful for people to be much stronger: It trains coordination and balance.___19___ But parkour enthusiasts themselves don’t seem to be happy with the idea. They see parkour as “a lifestyle”.___20___ Indeed, many do parkour just to escape the daily routine and experience the city in different ways. They see parkour as a way to express themselves through relaxing moves and creative routes while freeing themselves from the pressure. It’s great that the FIG wants to develop a new sport and stay close to a new cultural form. But it would be greater if they knew that not everything in life is a competition. A. The city is their playground. B. We can walk, cycle, or take a bus. C. Parkour is more interesting than you ever know. D. Parkour began in France, back in 1988, in the suburbs of Paris. E. However, Parkour enthusiasts sce the city in a completely different way. F. For them, it is a competition against the conditions rather than just a sport, G. So the FIG is thinking about recognizing parkour as a new sport and adding it to the Olympics by 2024. 【答案】16. B 17. E 18. A 19. G 20. F 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。跑酷爱好者将城市作为自己的游乐场，按照自己的意愿在城市中移动。国际体操联合会考虑将跑酷加入奥运会项目。 【16题详解】 根据上文“There are many ways to travel within a city.(在一个城市里旅行有很多种方式)”可知，上文提到我们有很多种方式在城市中旅行，接下来应该讲有那些方式。B选项“我们可以步行、骑自行车或乘公共汽车”符合语境。故选B。 【17题详解】 根据上文“But no matter which way we travel, we have to follow the route the city planners laid down for us.(但无论我们走哪条路，我们都必须遵循城市规划者为我们制定的路线)”以及下文“To them, there are no designed routes.(对他们来说，没有设计好的路线)”可知，本句与上一段构成转折关系，指出跑酷者看待城市的方式跟普通人是不同的。E选项“然而，跑酷爱好者却以一种完全不同的方式看待这座城市”符合语境，故选E。 【18题详解】 根据上文“There are no walls and no stairs they jump, climb and crawl to move across, through, over and under anything they find in their path.(没有墙也没有楼梯，他们要跳、攀、滚、爬，跨、穿、越 、潜或从路上遇到的任何东西下面爬过去)”可知，后文提到跑酷者在城市里跳、攀、滚、爬，跨、穿、越 、潜，本句总结跑酷者的运动特点。A选项“城市是他们的游乐场”符合语境，故选A。 【19题详解】 根据上文“The International Gymnastics Federation (FIG) has noticed that this activity is drawing more and more people to it—there are 100,000 people taking part in parkour (跑酷) today in the UK alone, according to The Guardian and how it is helpful for people to be much stronger: It trains coordination and balance.(国际体操联合会（FIG）注意到这项运动正吸引越来越多的人参与其中——据《卫报》报道，目前仅在英国就有10万人参加跑酷。跑酷有助于人们变得更强壮：它训练协调性和平衡性)”可知，上文提到国际体联已注意到跑酷运动越来越流行，而且有益健康，推测本句是在说明这一组织如何对待跑酷这一运动。G选项“因此，国际体联正在考虑将跑酷列为一项新运动，并在2024年之前将其纳入奥运会项目”符合语境，故选G。 【20题详解】 根据上文“But parkour enthusiasts themselves don’t seem to be happy with the idea. They see parkour as “a lifestyle”.(但跑酷爱好者自己似乎对这个想法并不满意。他们将跑酷视为“一种生活方式”)”可知，上文提到跑酷爱好者不愿参加奥运会。他们把跑酷看作一种生活方式。故本句承接上文，说明跑酷者是如何看待跑酷的。F选项“对他们来说，这不仅仅是一项运动，更是一场与环境的竞争”符合语境。故选F。 语言运用（共两节，满分 30 分） 第一节（共 15 小题;每小题 1 分，满分 15 分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。 In the village of Cinque Terre, Italy, 16-year-old Luca spent his days repairing fishing nets with his father, his hands moving ____21____ while his mind wandered to the colorful mosaics (马赛克艺术) that decorated the town’s ancient ____22____. Luca dreamed of creating art that told stories, but his father’s words echoed (回响) in his ears: “ ____23____ don’t fill empty stomachs, Luca. We are fishermen, not artists.” One morning, a famous mosaic artist named Sofia arrived in the village. She was there to ____24____ the church’s aging mosaics, and her presence ____25____ a long-buried passion deep within Luca. Gathering his ____26____, Lucas approached her with a sketchbook filled with his ____27____ — waves, boats, and the faces of villagers. Sofia studied them closely, her eyes widening with ____28____. “You have a rare talent,” she said. “But talent alone isn’t enough. If you are willing to work hard and learn, I’ll teach you.” Torn between duty and passion, Luca made a ____29____ choice. He rose before dawn to work on mosaics, while afternoons were spent dragging _____30_____ with his father. Sofia taught him not just _____31_____ but also how to see the world through an artist’s eyes. Gradually, Luca’s art began to _____32_____ his life — waves of blue and gold mixed with the tough and worn look of fisher men’s hands. When the village hosted its annual art festival, Luca _____33_____ his masterpiece: a mosaic of the sea, alive with light and shadow. It won the top prize, and as the crowd cheered, his father’s serious face _____34_____. “Perhaps dreams do have a _____35_____,” he admitted, placing a hand on Luca’s shoulder. 21. A. aimlessly B. carefully C. mechanically D. gracefully 22. A. church B. market C. school D. square 23. A. Jobs B. Plans C. Dreams D. Stories 24. A. damage B. restore C. create D. tackle 25. A. shook B. betrayed C. comforted D. awoke 26. A. courage B. wits C. patience D. confidence 27. A. designs B. drawings C. awards D. talents 28. A. anxiety B. surprise C. disappointment D. strength 29. A. contradictory B. quick C. daring D. reliable 30. A. feet B. tools C. mosaics D. nets 31. A. sculpture B. technique C. balance D. responsibility 32. A. copy B. repeat C. pursue D. mirror 33 A. displayed B. claimed C. sold D. published 34. A. tightened B. darkened C. softened D. clouded 35. A. prize B. purpose C. reason D. place 【答案】21. C 22. A 23. C 24. B 25. D 26. A 27. B 28. B 29. C 30. D 31. B 32. D 33. A 34. C 35. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了在意大利Cinque Terre村庄中，16岁的Luca如何在追求艺术梦想与家庭责任之间做出选择，并最终通过努力获得认可的故事。 【21题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：在意大利的Cinque Terre村庄，16岁的Luca每天都和父亲一起修补渔网，他的双手机械地动着，而思绪却飘到了装饰着小镇古老教堂的五彩斑斓的马赛克艺术上。A. aimlessly无目的地；B. carefully仔细地；C. mechanically机械地；D. gracefully优雅地。根据下文“while his mind wandered to the colorful mosaics(马赛克艺术)that decorated the town’s ancient ____2____ .”可知，Luca的思绪飘到了装饰着小镇古老教堂的五彩斑斓的马赛克艺术上。由此可知，他心不在焉，手是机械地在动。故选C。 【22题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在意大利的Cinque Terre村庄，16岁的Luca每天都和父亲一起修补渔网，他的双手机械地动着，而思绪却飘到了装饰着小镇古老教堂的五彩斑斓的马赛克艺术上。A. church教堂；B. market市场；C. school学校；D. square广场。根据下文“She was there to ____4____ the church’s aging mosaics, and her presence ____5____ a long-buried passion deep within Luca.”可知，彩色马赛克装饰的是小镇古老的教堂。故选A。 【23题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Luca梦想着创作出能讲述故事的艺术作品，但父亲的话在他耳边回响：“梦想填不饱肚子，Luca。A. Jobs工作；B. Plans计划；C. Dreams梦想；D. Stories故事。根据上文“Luca dreamed of creating art that told stories”可知，父亲说的是梦想不能填饱肚子，强调了梦想和现实的冲突。故选C。 【24题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她是来修复教堂里陈旧的马赛克的，而她的到来唤醒了Luca内心深处被长久埋藏的热情。A. damage损害；B. restore恢复；C. create创造；D. tackle处理、解决。根据空后“the church’s aging mosaics”可推测，Sofia是来修复教堂里陈旧的马赛克。故选B。 【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她是来修复教堂里陈旧的马赛克的，而她的到来唤醒了Luca内心深处被长久埋藏的热情。A. shook摇动；B. betrayed背叛；C. comforted安慰；D. awoke唤醒。根据上文“Luca dreamed of creating art that told stories, but his father’s words echoed (回响) in his ears: “ ____3____ don’t fill empty stomachs, Luca. We are fishermen, not artists.””可知，Luca的父亲让作者不要做白日梦，所以他放弃了成为艺术家的梦想。再根据下文“Lucas approached her with a sketchbook filled with his ____7____”可知，Sofia的到来唤醒了Luca内心深处被长久埋藏的热情。故选D。 【26题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Luca鼓起勇气，拿着一本装满他画作的素描本走向她——画作中有海浪、船只和村民们的面孔。A. courage勇气；B. wits智慧、才智；C. patience耐心；D. confidence信心。根据上文“We are fishermen, not artists.”可知，由于父亲的影响，Luca已经不再梦想成为艺术家。由此可推测，现在要去接近Sofia，他应该是鼓起了勇气。故选A。 【27题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. designs设计；B. drawings画图、绘图；C. awards奖项；D. talents才能。根据空后“waves, boats, and the faces of villagers.”以及常理可知，素描本里装的是他的画作。故选B。 【28题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Sofia仔细地研究着这些画作，惊讶得睁大了眼睛。A. anxiety焦虑；B. surprise惊讶；C. disappointment失望；D. strength力量。根据下文““You have a rare talent,” she said.”可知，Sofia觉得Luca很有天赋，由此可知，Sofia看到了他的画后眼睛睁大，非常惊讶。故选B。 【29题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Luca陷入了责任与激情的两难境地，但他还是做出了一个大胆的选择。A. contradictory矛盾的；B. quick快速的；C. daring大胆的；D. reliable可靠的。根据下文“He rose before dawn to work on mosaics, while afternoons were spent dragging ____10____ with his father.”可知，Luca在责任（当渔民）和激情（成为艺术家）之间做出了一个大胆的选择，他既要学马赛克艺术又要当渔民。故选C。 【30题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他天还没亮就起床创作马赛克作品，而下午则和父亲一起拖着渔网。A. feet脚；B. tools工具；C. mosaics马赛克；D. nets网。根据上文“In the village of Cinque Terre, Italy, 16-year-old Luca spent his days repairing fishing nets with his father”可推测，下午他和父亲一起拖渔网，也就是他和父亲一起做渔民的工作。故选D。 【31题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Sofia不仅教他技巧，还教他如何以艺术家的眼光去看待世界。A. sculpture雕塑；B. technique技术；C. balance平衡；D. responsibility责任。根据上文“If you are willing to work hard and learn, I’ll teach you.”可推测，Sofia会教他绘画技巧。故选B。 【32题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：渐渐地，Luca的艺术开始反映他的生活——蓝色和金色的波浪与渔民们粗糙且饱经风霜的手交织在一起。A. copy复制；B. repeat重复；C. pursue追求；D. mirror反映。根据下文“waves of blue and gold mixed with the tough and worn look of fisher men’s hands.”可知，Luca的艺术作品开始反映自己的生活。故选D。 【33题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当村庄举办一年一度的艺术节时，Luca展示了他的杰作：一幅充满光影变幻的海洋马赛克作品。A. displayed展示；B. claimed声称；C. sold出售；D. published出版。根据上文“When the village hosted its annual art festival”以及常理可知，Luca在艺术节上展示了自己的作品。故选A。 【34题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这幅作品获得了一等奖，当人群欢呼时，他父亲严肃的神情缓和了下来。A. tightened加紧；B. darkened变暗；C. softened变软；D. clouded使模糊、遮蔽。根据上文“It won the top prize, and as the crowd cheered”以及常理可知，看到自己孩子的作品得到了人们的认可，作为父亲，自然也感到高兴。同时，也暗示了Luca的父亲对于Luca追求梦想的态度有了变化。故选C。 【35题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：“也许梦想确实有它的一席之地，”父亲承认道，同时把手搭在了Luca的肩膀上。A. prize奖品；B. purpose目的；C. reason原因；D. place地方。根据上文“It won the top prize, and as the crowd cheered”以及父亲的脸色变得柔和可推测，Luca的父亲也开始承认梦想有其存在的价值。故选D。 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Local Chongqing resident Yang Baike, ____36____ his eighties, discovered a new perspective for observing Changshou Lake — by taking to the skies. ____37____ (accompany) by his family, Yang completed his first adventure in the air on a floatplane at the Changshou Lake water sports base. Low-altitude (海拔) tourism has gained in ____38____ (popular) among tourists as China expands civilian access to low-altitude airspace, ____39____ (typical) defined as the range from 1,000 to 3,000 meters above the ground. On the first day of this year’s May Day holiday alone, more than 1,000 visitors like Yang visited the same water sports base in southwest China’s Chongqing. A ____40____ (grow) number of tourist attractions have started low-altitude flight and sightseeing programs in recent years. Earlier this year, for instance, Fengjie County in Chongqing ____41____ (launch) low-altitude helicopter tours, offering tourists a new way ____42____ (enjoy) the scenery of Kuimen, the entrance to the Yangtze River’s deepest gorges (峡谷). Moreover, sports in the air such as skydiving are favored by more sports fans. The airspace near the Dujiangyan irrigation (灌溉) system has become a hit among Chinese parachuting lovers ____43____ say its view in the air is really breathtaking. ____44____ many people posted vlogs (视频博客) and travel notes on social media was to record ____45____ (they) skydiving experiences there. 【答案】36. in 37. Accompanied 38. popularity 39. typically 40. growing 41. launched 42. to enjoy 43. that##who 44. Why 45. their 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了低空旅游在中国的兴起及受欢迎程度。 【36题详解】 考查介词。句意：重庆当地居民Yang Baike，八十多岁了，发现了一个观察长寿湖的新视角——从空中。根据空后his eighties可知，固定搭配in one’s eighties，意为“在某人八十多岁时”。故填in。 【37题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：在家人的陪伴下，Yang Baike在Changshou Lake水上游乐基地乘坐水上飞机完成了他的首次空中冒险。根据空后completed可知，动词accompany和逻辑主语Yang是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词accompanied作状语，句首单词首字母大写。故填Accompanied。 【38题详解】 考查名词。句意：随着中国扩大平民对低空空域的使用，通常定义为距地面1000米到3000米的范围，低空旅游在游客中越来越受欢迎。根据空前in可知，空处需用名词形式，作宾语，popular的名词是popularity，动词短语gain in popularity，意为“越来越受欢迎”。故填popularity。 【39题详解】 考查副词。句意：随着中国扩大平民对低空空域的使用，通常定义为距地面1000米到3000米的范围，低空旅游在游客中越来越受欢迎。根据空后defined可知，空处需用副词形式typically“通常，典型地”，修饰动词defined。故填typically。 【40题详解】 考查形容词。句意：近年来，越来越多的旅游景点开始了低空飞行和观光项目。根据空后number可知，空处需用形容词growing“增长的”，作定语修饰名词number，短语a growing number of，意为“越来越多的”。故填growing。 【41题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：例如，今年早些时候，重庆奉节县推出了低空直升机游览项目，为游客提供了一种欣赏长江最深峡谷入口——夔门风景的新方式。根据时间状语Earlier this year可知，句子描述的是过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，launch的过去式是launched。故填launched。 【42题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：例如，今年早些时候，重庆奉节县推出了低空直升机游览项目，为游客提供了一种欣赏长江最深峡谷入口——夔门风景的新方式。根据空后a new way可知，空处应用动词不定式to enjoy作后置定语，固定短语a way to do sth.，意为“做某事的一种方式”。故填to enjoy。 【43题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：都江堰灌溉系统附近的空域已经成为中国跳伞爱好者的热门去处，他们说在空中看到的景色真的令人惊叹。根据空前has become和空后say可知，先行词是Chinese parachuting lovers，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词who或that引导定语从句，故填who/ that。 【44题详解】 考查主语从句。句意：许多人在社交媒体上发布视频博客和旅行笔记是为了记录他们在那里的跳伞经历。根据空后posted和was可知，空处需用连接词引导主语从句，从句句子成分完整，空处表示“为什么”，所以空处需用连接副词why引导主语从句，句首单词首字母大写。故填Why。 【45题详解】 考查代词。句意：许多人在社交媒体上发布视频博客和旅行笔记的原因是记录他们在那里的跳伞经历。根据空后skydiving experiences可知，空处需用形容词性物主代词their，修饰名词短语skydiving experiences。故填their。 三、写作（共40分） 46. 每年天气寒冷的日子到来时，学生能否不穿校服或者校服是否可以不用外穿都会在网上引发讨论。请你就此话题为校英语报写一篇帖子，内容包括： 1．你的观点和理由； 2．你的建议。 注意：1．写作词数应为80个左右； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Every year when it is extremely cold, there are discussions on whether students can be allowed not to wear uniforms or whether students could choose not to wear uniforms outside on the Internet. What I claim is that students are still supposed to wear uniforms in cold weather. Firstly, wearing uniforms can strengthen students’ awareness of discipline and teamwork. Secondly, uniforms are also a symbol of students’ identity, which can make students more conscious of following school rules. In my opinion, schools should adjust the material and style of uniforms to make them more suitable for cold weather. 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生为校英语报写一篇帖子，就在寒冷的日子里学生能否不穿校服或者校服是否可以不用外穿给出自己的观点，并给出建议。 【详解】1.词汇积累 选择：choose→select 应该做某事：be supposed to do sth.→ought to do sth. 首先：firstly→in the beginning 在某人看来：in one’s opinion→in one’s view 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：In my opinion, schools should adjust the material and style of uniforms to make them more suitable for cold weather. 拓展句：In my opinion, schools should adjust the material and style of uniforms, which will make them more suitable for cold weather. 【点睛】【高分句型1】What I claim is that students are still supposed to wear uniforms in cold weather.（运用了what引导的主语从句和that引导的表语从句） 【高分句型2】Secondly, uniforms are also a symbol of students’ identity, which can make students more conscious of following school rules.（运用了which引导的非限定性定语从句） 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 My darling grandma has a collection of photo albums kept over several decades. I enjoyed joking with grandma about her preferred old-fashioned method of photo storage, but I know that these albums are precious for her. They are the records of our family and our identity. One day while examining one of grandma’s albums, I came across photos of my mother and her brother as children in Disney World in the 1980’s. Grandma looked thoughtful and smiled. “Your mother and your uncle had such an amazing time,” she said. “I’m glad I was able to make that vacation happen for them. Every child should visit Disney at least once and just get to be a kid... happy and carefree.” As I continued examining the photos, I noticed something which didn’t sit right with me. In every photo my grandmother was in, she was smiling in an unsettled, half-hearted way where her smile didn’t quite reach her eyes. When I asked her about it, she gently closed the album and said, “Oh, now enough of these old photos. Let’s talk about what we’re going to do for Christmas next month.” That evening, I quietly asked my mother about the photos and the family trip to Disneyland. Mom breathed out. She explained that my grandparents were constantly fighting and that they had been having problems in their marriage. “I think that was probably the last trip we took together as a family before they separated,” Mom said. “Your grandma was so sad the entire week we were there, but she did everything she could to make sure your uncle and I had a great experience. We had been begging to go to Disney for so long. She organized the entire trip for our pleasure. I’m sure it was all physically and emotionally tiring for her.” That night I turned restlessly in my bed thinking about the devotion my grandmother had for her children and about how even today she continues to put the needs of everyone in our family above her own. Grandma does so much for her children and grandchildren every day. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Shouldn’t we do something for her? ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ We pulled over at Disney World, which surprised my grandma. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Shouldn’t we do something for her? Suddenly an idea struck me like lightning and I knew exactly what I wanted to do for grandma. I closed my eyes, sighed contentedly, and slept like a baby. I made my big announcement at breakfast the next morning. “Listen up everyone, I have a suggestion for what we should do for Christmas next month,” I said. “We should surprise grandma with a trip to Disney World!” My father and brother whooped and high-fived each other while my mother beamed at me. “Thank you,” she mouthed and then smiled and winked at me. We pulled over at Disney World, which surprised my grandma. Grandma stood silently in awe for a few minutes. Her eyes glistened a little, and she turned to look at me. Even though neither of us said a word, we each knew what the other was thinking and feeling. grandma enveloped me in a big hug and kissed the top of my head. grandma experienced everything her heart desired, and everything she had missed during her first trip to Disney World nearly thirty five years earlier, with a sweet child-like innocence. 【解析】 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者为奶奶策划了一次惊喜的迪斯尼乐园之旅，以弥补了奶奶年轻时的遗憾。 详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“我们不应该为她做点什么吗？”以及第二段首句内容“我们在迪斯尼乐园停车，这让我奶奶很吃惊。”可知，第一段可描写作者和家人决定为奶奶策划一次惊喜的迪斯尼乐园之旅。 ②由第二段首句内容“我们在迪斯尼乐园停车，这让我奶奶很吃惊。”可知，第二段可描写奶奶非常感激家人为她做的一切。 2.续写线索：作者经常和奶奶一次翻看奶奶珍藏的相册——一次，作者发现自己的妈妈和舅舅在迪斯尼乐园游玩的照片——作者注意到奶奶的微笑很勉强——作者从妈妈那儿得知了真相——作者辗转反侧，觉得应该为奶奶做些什么——于是，作者和家人商定，为奶奶策划一次惊喜的迪斯尼乐园之旅——圣诞节那天，作者一家人和奶奶来到了迪斯尼乐园——奶奶非常感激这一切 3.词汇激活 行类 ①突然想到：strike/hit/occur to ②想要做：want/would like ③经历、体验：experience/go through/undergo 情绪类 ①心满意足地：contentedly/with satisfaction ②敬畏地：in awe/awedly 【点睛】【高分句型1】Suddenly an idea struck me like lightning and I knew exactly what I wanted to do for grandma.（运用了what引导的宾语从句） 【高分句型2】My father and brother whooped and high-fived each other while my mother beamed at me.（运用了while引导的时间状语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 石嘴山市第一中学2025-2026学年第二学期高二年级开学考试 英语试题 听力（满分 30 分） 阅读（共两节，满分 50 分） 第一节（共 15 小题;每小题 2. 5 分，满分 37. 5 分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Southeast Michigan is central to a lot of low-cost and free activities to keep kids occupied, happy and learning during holidays. Here’s a list from the Detroit Free Press’s education reporter. Ann Arbor Art Center Ann Arbor Art Center, together with other programs for kids, offers a family Friday event on select Fridays during the summer holidays, which has children do different handwork in each class, such as making stuffed animals (毛绒玩具). The center also hosts art activities for kids, including paper cutting. The cost varies depending on the activities. Self-guided nature walks in Heritage Park Farmington Public Schools partners with the Farmington Hills Nature Center in Heritage Park to create opportunities for self-guided nature walks with activities for kids this summer. The Farmington Hills Nature Center, an indoor place, is also open in case it starts to rain and features many kinds of animals, which are attractive to kids. The Farmington Hills Nature Center is free. It is open on Mondays through Saturdays from 10 am to 4 p.m. and Sundays from noon until 4 p.m. Public planetarium (天文馆) shows at Wayne State University On select Friday nights in the summer months of July and August, the university hosts free public planetarium shows: one at 6 pm and another at 7:30 pm. The presentation includes a 30-minute film followed by a talk by a planetarium member. Stemville If you want to encourage kids’ creativity in science and engineering, Stemville promises to encourage kids to create with various tools, robots and more. This summer, the organization is hosting a special lesson on how to program, which requires parents to book online ahead of time. Cost: $ 20 for one child and one adult. 1. Who may be interested in the Farmington Hills Nature Center? A. Kids who love animals. B. Kids who like rainy days. C. Kids who want to observe stars. D. Kids who enjoy doing handwork. 2. Which of the following requires booking in advance? A. The nature walks. B. The programming class C. The planetarium shows. D. The paper-cutting activity. 3. What do the activities in the text have in common? A. They have an age limit B. They are free of charge. C. They take place in summer. D. They are guided by teachers. B For several Januarys, I dutifully entered my New Year’s resolutions in a notebook, assuming that placing my pledges (誓言) for self-improvement on paper would keep me on track. Most years, though, my little declarations of resolve quickly disappeared beneath daily urgencies as I closed out the holiday season and returned to my regular life. Last January, I adopted a different strategy to boost my chances of success. Instead of entering my resolutions in a notebook, I printed them in large type on a sheet of paper, and then nailed it above my office desk. I figured the big letters would keep my attention throughout the year. I made 10 resolutions in all — among them were pledges to volunteer more, renew old friendships, and improve my personal health. Surprisingly, my experiment brought some memorable victories. One afternoon, I was halfway through writing an email to decline a spot on a civic (公民的) committee when I adjusted my position in the chair to gather a thought. That’s when Resolution 4, “Do more volunteer work,” caught my eye. Chastened, I decided to serve on that civic committee, a role that connected me with neighbors and made my year a much brighter one. After a coffee break one morning, I spotted Resolution 8, “Renew and deepen my friendships,” as I returned to my workstation. Inspired, I texted three old college friends and scheduled a long-overdue lunch date. Reaching for my briefcase before I ended my shift on a summer evening, I noticed Resolution 7, “Work on my personal health.” It greeted me like a caring workmate, just the encouragement I needed to pick up my daily walks. Of the 10 resolutions I made last January, I ended up making decent progress on nine. And I learned something valuable. 4. What was the author’s problem at first? A. He found it hard to make a resolve. B. He used to fail to keep his resolutions. C He had no idea how to improve himself. D. He struggled during each holiday season. 5. What was the author like according to paragraph 2? A. He was reflective and creative. B. He was humorous and ambitious. C. He hated making pledges at the office. D He disliked to keep himself occupied. 6 What did the author probably learn in the end? A. Friendship was forever in the heart. B. Personal health should always come first. C. Success was guaranteed by writing resolutions down. D. A vision of our best self was often within reach. 7. What is the main idea of the passage? A. The author’s traditional way of making New-Year’s resolutions. B. The author’s failure to keep New-Year’s resolutions in the past. C. The author’s new strategy for making New-Year’s resolutions and its positive results. D. The author’s opinion on the importance of making New-Year’s resolutions. C A new drug-delivery system could replace needles with puffs (股) of air. Gassensmith studies bioengineering at the University of Texas. His team’s new tech goes beyond patient comfort, though. The device quickly delivers drugs without touching the bloodstream. And that could reduce the risk of spreading disease. He tested it out on his own arm. “I could feel it, but it wasn’t painful,” he reports. The technology works by blowing in a puff of air through the skin. That gas carries a powder made of tiny bits of vaccine (疫苗) wrapped in metallic crystals (晶体). The crystal coating is really strong, Gassensmith says. As a result, the vaccine powder does not have to be refrigerated while stored. The air contains carbon dioxide, or CO2. Once in the body, the CO2 that carries the powder will mix with water. It creates a weak acid that breaks down the crystal cover. Released, the vaccine bits are then able to enter the bloodstream. This gas-based drug-delivery system is an upgrade over previous ones. For instance, adjusting the gas that carries the vaccine powder can customize how fast the tiny crystal capsules release the drug. Testing showed that the drug released fastest when delivered with carbon dioxide. Plain air led to a slower, gentler release. Vaccines work best when released slowly. That allows them longer contact with the immune(免疫) system. But the team hopes the device could work for other medicines too. And some medicines must be released quickly. One such example is insulin, a crucial drug for many people with diabetes. Fear of needles keeps many people from getting vaccinations. Gassensmith is optimistic that this new system might get around that. Future research must ensure that gas-delivered vaccines build immunity to disease as expected, said Weniger, a doctor, who studied vaccine technology for 30 years for the U. S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 8. What can we learn about the new drug-delivery system from paragraph 1? A. It causes the loss of feeling. B. It improves the use of needle. C. It cares about patient comfort. D. It blocks the spread of disease. 9. What is the function of the crystals? A. To create a weak acid. B. To absorb carbon dioxide. C. To clean the bloodstream. D. To contain the vaccine. 10. What is the advantage of the upgraded drug-delivery system? A. Flexibility. B. Durability. C. High speed. D. Gentle release. 11. What should the future study focus on according to Weniger? A. The effectiveness of gas-based vaccines. B. The acceptance of getting vaccinations. C. The influence of vaccine on disease control. D. The operation of the new drug-delivery system. D Superhuman artificial intelligence has played a role in our life. When it comes to playing games like chess, or solving difficult scientific challenges like predicting protein structures, computers are well ahead of humans. But we have one superpower they aren’t close to mastering: mind reading. We are blessed with a mysterious ability to reason the goals, desires and beliefs of others, a crucial skill that means we can anticipate other people’s actions and the consequences of our own. If AIs are to become truly useful in everyday life — to cooperate effectively with us or to understand that a child might run into the road after a bouncing ball — we have to give them this gift that evolution has given us to read other people’s minds. In psychology, the ability to infer another’s mental state is referred to as theory of mind. In humans, this capacity develops at a very young age. How to reproduce the capability in machines is far from clear, though. One of the main challenges is context. For instance, if someone asks whether you are going for a run and you reply “it’s raining”, they can quickly conclude the answer is no. But this requires huge amounts of background knowledge about running, weather and human preferences. Besides, whether humans or AI, the theory of mind is supposed to emerge naturally from one’ s own learning process. Building prior knowledge into AI makes it reliant on our imperfect understanding of theory of mind. In addition, AI may be capable of developing approaches we could never imagine. There can be many forms of theory of mind that we don’t know about simply because we live in a human body that has certain types of sense s and a certain ability to think. But we might still want AI to have a more human-like form of theory of mind. Humans can clearly explain their goals to each other using common language and ideas. While letting AI form the theory of mind in their learning process is likely to lead to developing more powerful AI, plainly building in shared ways to represent knowledge may be crucial for humans to trust and communicate with AI. It is important to remember, though, that the pursuit of machines with theory of mind is about more than just building more useful robots. It is also a stepping stone on the path towards a deeper goal for AI and robotics research: building truly self-aware machines. Whether we will ever get there remains to be seen. But along the way thinking about other people and other agents, we are on the path to learning to think about ourselves. 12. According to the passage, which of the following contexts can AI understand well? A. When a mom asks her kid to drink a glass of milk, the kid drinks it up. B. When kids see their mom after hurting themselves, they cry even louder. C. When a teacher asks for a boy’s homework, he answers “my cat ate it”. D. When you are treated with a spicy hotpot for dinner, you reply “a sore throat”. 13. Which statement will the author agree with most about theory of mind? A. Humans’ theory of mind is far from perfect. B Humans limit AI’s theory of mind to an extent. C. AI’s theory of mind development has been fully uncovered. D. Shared forms of theory of mind lead to more powerful AI. 14. What is the author’s attitude toward truly self-aware machines? A. Ambiguous. B. Subjective. C. Approving. D. Skeptical. 15. Which would be the best title for the passage? A. AI with Its Own Theory of Mind Is Anticipated. B. AI’s Theory of Mind Will Define Our Future. C. AI’s Theory of Mind—a Blessing or Suffering to Humans. D. Theory of Mind Bridges the Gap Between Humans and AI. 第二节（共 5 小题;每小题 2. 5 分，满分 12. 5 分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Parkour Around a City There are many ways to travel within a city.___16___ But no matter which way we travel, we have to follow the route the city planners laid down for us. ___17___ To them, there are no designed routes. There are no walls and no stairs they jump, climb and crawl to move across, through, over and under anything they find in their path.___18___ The International Gymnastics Federation (FIG) has noticed that this activity is drawing more and more people to it—there are 100,000 people taking part in parkour (跑酷) today in the UK alone, according to The Guardian and how it is helpful for people to be much stronger: It trains coordination and balance.___19___ But parkour enthusiasts themselves don’t seem to be happy with the idea. They see parkour as “a lifestyle”.___20___ Indeed, many do parkour just to escape the daily routine and experience the city in different ways. They see parkour as a way to express themselves through relaxing moves and creative routes while freeing themselves from the pressure. It’s great that the FIG wants to develop a new sport and stay close to a new cultural form. But it would be greater if they knew that not everything in life is a competition. A. The city is their playground. B. We can walk, cycle, or take a bus. C. Parkour is more interesting than you ever know. D. Parkour began in France, back in 1988, in the suburbs of Paris. E. However, Parkour enthusiasts sce the city in a completely different way. F. For them, it is a competition against the conditions rather than just a sport, G. So the FIG is thinking about recognizing parkour as a new sport and adding it to the Olympics by 2024. 语言运用（共两节，满分 30 分） 第一节（共 15 小题;每小题 1 分，满分 15 分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。 In the village of Cinque Terre Italy, 16-year-old Luca spent his days repairing fishing nets with his father, his hands moving ____21____ while his mind wandered to the colorful mosaics (马赛克艺术) that decorated the town’s ancient ____22____. Luca dreamed of creating art that told stories, but his father’s words echoed (回响) in his ears: “ ____23____ don’t fill empty stomachs, Luca. We are fishermen, not artists.” One morning, a famous mosaic artist named Sofia arrived in the village. She was there to ____24____ the church’s aging mosaics, and her presence ____25____ a long-buried passion deep within Luca. Gathering his ____26____, Lucas approached her with a sketchbook filled with his ____27____ — waves, boats, and the faces of villagers. Sofia studied them closely, her eyes widening with ____28____. “You have a rare talent,” she said. “But talent alone isn’t enough. If you are willing to work hard and learn, I’ll teach you.” Torn between duty and passion, Luca made a ____29____ choice. He rose before dawn to work on mosaics, while afternoons were spent dragging _____30_____ with his father. Sofia taught him not just _____31_____ but also how to see the world through an artist’s eyes. Gradually, Luca’s art began to _____32_____ his life — waves of blue and gold mixed with the tough and worn look of fisher men’s hands. When the village hosted its annual art festival, Luca _____33_____ his masterpiece: a mosaic of the sea, alive with light and shadow. It won the top prize, and as the crowd cheered, his father’s serious face _____34_____. “Perhaps dreams do have a _____35_____,” he admitted, placing a hand on Luca’s shoulder. 21. A. aimlessly B. carefully C. mechanically D. gracefully 22. A. church B. market C. school D. square 23. A. Jobs B. Plans C. Dreams D. Stories 24. A. damage B. restore C. create D. tackle 25. A. shook B. betrayed C. comforted D. awoke 26. A. courage B. wits C. patience D. confidence 27. A. designs B. drawings C. awards D. talents 28. A. anxiety B. surprise C. disappointment D. strength 29. A. contradictory B. quick C. daring D. reliable 30. A. feet B. tools C. mosaics D. nets 31. A. sculpture B. technique C. balance D. responsibility 32. A. copy B. repeat C. pursue D. mirror 33. A. displayed B. claimed C. sold D. published 34. A. tightened B. darkened C. softened D. clouded 35. A. prize B. purpose C. reason D. place 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Local Chongqing resident Yang Baike, ____36____ his eighties, discovered a new perspective for observing Changshou Lake — by taking to the skies. ____37____ (accompany) by his family, Yang completed his first adventure in the air on a floatplane at the Changshou Lake water sports base. Low-altitude (海拔) tourism has gained in ____38____ (popular) among tourists as China expands civilian access to low-altitude airspace, ____39____ (typical) defined as the range from 1,000 to 3,000 meters above the ground. On the first day of this year’s May Day holiday alone, more than 1,000 visitors like Yang visited the same water sports base in southwest China’s Chongqing. A ____40____ (grow) number of tourist attractions have started low-altitude flight and sightseeing programs in recent years. Earlier this year, for instance, Fengjie County in Chongqing ____41____ (launch) low-altitude helicopter tours, offering tourists a new way ____42____ (enjoy) the scenery of Kuimen, the entrance to the Yangtze River’s deepest gorges (峡谷). Moreover, sports in the air such as skydiving are favored by more sports fans. The airspace near the Dujiangyan irrigation (灌溉) system has become a hit among Chinese parachuting lovers ____43____ say its view in the air is really breathtaking. ____44____ many people posted vlogs (视频博客) and travel notes on social media was to record ____45____ (they) skydiving experiences there. 三、写作（共40分） 46. 每年天气寒冷的日子到来时，学生能否不穿校服或者校服是否可以不用外穿都会在网上引发讨论。请你就此话题为校英语报写一篇帖子，内容包括： 1．你的观点和理由； 2．你的建议。 注意：1．写作词数应为80个左右； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 My darling grandma has a collection of photo albums kept over several decades. I enjoyed joking with grandma about her preferred old-fashioned method of photo storage, but I know that these albums are precious for her. They are the records of our family and our identity. One day while examining one of grandma’s albums, I came across photos of my mother and her brother as children in Disney World in the 1980’s. Grandma looked thoughtful and smiled. “Your mother and your uncle had such an amazing time,” she said. “I’m glad I was able to make that vacation happen for them. Every child should visit Disney at least once and just get to be a kid... happy and carefree.” As I continued examining the photos, I noticed something which didn’t sit right with me. In every photo my grandmother was in, she was smiling in an unsettled, half-hearted way where her smile didn’t quite reach her eyes. When I asked her about it, she gently closed the album and said, “Oh, now enough of these old photos. Let’s talk about what we’re going to do for Christmas next month.” That evening, I quietly asked my mother about the photos and the family trip to Disneyland. Mom breathed out. She explained that my grandparents were constantly fighting and that they had been having problems in their marriage. “I think that was probably the last trip we took together as a family before they separated,” Mom said. “Your grandma was so sad the entire week we were there, but she did everything she could to make sure your uncle and I had a great experience. We had been begging to go to Disney for so long. She organized the entire trip for our pleasure. I’m sure it was all physically and emotionally tiring for her.” That night I turned restlessly in my bed thinking about the devotion my grandmother had for her children and about how even today she continues to put the needs of everyone in our family above her own. Grandma does so much for her children and grandchildren every day. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Shouldn’t we do something for her? ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ We pulled over at Disney World, which surprised my grandma. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $