Unit 8 单词用法讲解 2025-2026学年沪外教版英语八年级下册

2026-03-04
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学段 初中
学科 英语
教材版本 初中英语沪外教版八年级下册
年级 八年级
章节 Unit 8 High-tech world
类型 学案-知识清单
知识点 -
使用场景 同步教学-单元练习
学年 2026-2027
地区(省份) 全国
地区(市) -
地区(区县) -
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文件大小 35 KB
发布时间 2026-03-04
更新时间 2026-03-04
作者 课堂干货铺(关注我,主页搜资料,初中英语各版本,不定时更新)
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审核时间 2026-03-04
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沪外教英语八下Unit2单词用法讲解 volunteer /ˌvɒlənˈtɪə(r)/ n. 志愿者;v. 自愿做;义务做 变形:名词 voluntariness(自愿;义务);形容词 voluntary(自愿的;志愿的) 固定短语:volunteer for… 自愿做……;a volunteer worker 志愿者工作者 例句:She volunteers at the hospital every weekend.(她每个周末都在医院做志愿者。) 练习:用所给词适当形式填空:The ______ (voluntary) work was very rewarding.(答案:voluntary) community /kəˈmjuːnəti/ n. 社区;社会 变形:形容词 communal(社区的;社会的;公共的);副词 communally(社区地;社会地;公共地) 固定短语:a local community 当地社区;community service 社区服务 例句:The community came together to help the victims of the flood.(社区团结起来帮助洪水的受害者。) 练习:用所给词适当形式填空:The ______ (communal) garden is very popular.(答案:community) programme /ˈprəʊɡræm/ n. 项目;计划;方案;节目 变形:动词 programme(计划;安排;编程);形容词 programmatic(计划的;方案的;节目的) 固定短语:a training programme 培训项目;a TV programme 电视节目 例句:The government launched a new programme to help the homeless.(政府推出了一个新的项目来帮助无家可归的人。) 练习:用所给词适当形式填空:The computer is ______ (program) to perform specific tasks.(答案:programmed) shelter /ˈʃeltə(r)/ n. (无家可归者或受虐待者的)收容所,庇护所;v. 庇护;保护 变形:形容词 sheltered(受庇护的;受保护的);名词 sheltering(庇护;保护) 固定短语:a homeless shelter 无家可归者收容所;shelter from the rain 避雨 例句:The shelter provides food and a place to stay for the homeless.(这个收容所为无家可归的人提供食物和住处。) 练习:用所给词适当形式填空:The trees ______ (shelter) us from the sun.(答案:sheltered) garbage /ˈɡɑːbɪdʒ/ n. (生活)垃圾 变形:无动词用法;形容词 garbage(垃圾的;无用的)(注:garbage为名词,仅可作定语表“垃圾的”,无动词变形) 固定短语:a garbage can 垃圾桶;garbage collection 垃圾收集 例句:We need to take out the garbage before the truck comes.(我们需要在垃圾车来之前把垃圾拿出去。) 练习:汉译英:我们应该回收垃圾来保护环境。(答案:We should recycle garbage to protect the environment.) sign up for 报名(参加课程);报名参加(固定短语) 例句:She signed up for a yoga class at the community centre.(她在社区中心报名参加了一个瑜伽班。) 练习:同义句转换:We need to register for the conference. → We need to ______ ______ ______ the conference.(答案:sign up for) realise /ˈriːəlaɪz/ v. 实现;意识到 变形:名词 realisation(实现;意识);形容词 realizable(可实现的;可意识到的) 固定短语:realise one's dream 实现梦想;realise the truth 意识到真相 例句:She realised that she had made a mistake.(她意识到自己犯了一个错误。) 练习:用所给词适当形式填空:The ______ (realise) of the project took a lot of time.(答案:realisation) decision /dɪˈsɪʒn/ n. (作出的)决定,抉择 变形:动词 decide(决定;抉择);形容词 decisive(决定性的;果断的) 固定短语:make a decision 做决定;a difficult decision 困难的抉择 例句:It was a difficult decision to make, but it was the right one.(这是一个很难做的决定,但却是正确的。) 练习:用所给词适当形式填空:He ______ (decide) to quit his job and travel the world.(答案:decided) kiss /kɪs/ n. 吻;v. 亲吻;接吻 变形:三单 kisses;过去式/过去分词 kissed;现在分词 kissing;名词 kisser(亲吻者;接吻者) 固定短语:a kiss on the cheek 脸颊上的吻;kiss sb. goodbye 吻别某人 例句:She gave her child a kiss before leaving for work.(她在上班前给了孩子一个吻。) 练习:用所给词适当形式填空:They ______ (kiss) each other goodbye.(答案:kissed) picky /ˈpɪki/ adj. 挑剔的;难伺候的 变形:名词 pickiness(挑剔;难伺候);副词 pickily(挑剔地;难伺候地) 固定短语:picky about… 对……挑剔;a picky eater 挑食的人 例句:She is very picky about the food she eats.(她对吃的食物非常挑剔。) 练习:用所给词适当形式填空:The ______ (pick) customer was hard to please.(答案:picky) spit /spɪt/ v. 吐,唾(食物等);吐痰;n. 唾液;口水 变形:三单 spits;过去式 spat / spit;过去分词 spat / spit;现在分词 spitting;名词 spitter(吐痰者;吐口水者) 固定短语:spit out 吐出;spit on… 向……吐痰 例句:He spat out the food because it was too hot.(他把食物吐了出来,因为太烫了。) 练习:用所给词适当形式填空:It is rude to ______ (spit) in public.(答案:spit) rewarding /rɪˈwɔːdɪŋ/ adj. 值得做的;有益的 变形:动词 reward(奖励;奖赏;给以报酬);名词 reward(奖励;奖赏;报酬) 固定短语:a rewarding experience 有益的经历;a rewarding job 值得做的工作 例句:Teaching is a very rewarding profession.(教学是一个非常值得做的职业。) 练习:用所给词适当形式填空:The ______ (reward) for good work is a sense of accomplishment.(答案:reward) scared /skeəd/ adj. 害怕的;担心的 变形:动词 scare(使害怕;使担心);名词 scare(害怕;担心;惊吓) 固定短语:scared of… 害怕……;scared to do sth. 害怕做某事 例句:She is scared of spiders.(她害怕蜘蛛。) 练习:用所给词适当形式填空:The loud noise ______ (scare) the children.(答案:scared) encouragement /ɪnˈkʌrɪdʒmənt/ n. 鼓舞;鼓励 变形:动词 encourage(鼓舞;鼓励);形容词 encouraging(鼓舞人心的;鼓励的) 固定短语:words of encouragement 鼓励的话;encouragement from… 来自……的鼓励 例句:Her encouragement helped me to keep going.(她的鼓励帮助我坚持下去。) 练习:用所给词适当形式填空:The teacher ______ (encourage) the students to try their best.(答案:encouraged) choose /tʃuːz/ v. 选择;挑选;选取 变形:三单 chooses;过去式 chose;过去分词 chosen;现在分词 choosing;名词 choice(选择;挑选;选取) 固定短语:choose to do sth. 选择做某事;choose from… 从……中选择 例句:She chose to study medicine at university.(她选择在大学学习医学。) 练习:用所给词适当形式填空:We have a ______ (choose) of three different colours.(答案:choice) trick /trɪk/ n. 戏法;把戏;诡计;骗局;v. 欺骗;哄骗 变形:形容词 tricky(狡猾的;难对付的);副词 trickily(狡猾地;难对付地) 固定短语:a magic trick 魔术戏法;trick sb. into doing sth. 哄骗某人做某事 例句:He played a trick on his friend by hiding his keys.(他通过藏起朋友的钥匙来捉弄他。) 练习:用所给词适当形式填空:The situation was very ______ (trick).(答案:tricky) paw /pɔː/ n. 爪子 变形:动词 paw(用爪子抓;用爪子扒);形容词 pawed(有爪子的;用爪子抓的) 固定短语:a cat's paw 猫爪;a dog's paw 狗爪 例句:The dog lifted its paw to shake hands.(狗抬起爪子来握手。) 练习:用所给词适当形式填空:The bear ______ (paw) at the door.(答案:pawed) treat /triːt/ n. 乐事;款待;v. 对待;治疗;款待 变形:名词 treatment(对待;治疗;款待);形容词 treatable(可治疗的;可对待的) 固定短语:a birthday treat 生日款待;treat sb. to dinner 请某人吃晚饭 例句:It was a real treat to see her again after so many years.(这么多年后再次见到她真是一件乐事。) 练习:用所给词适当形式填空:The doctor ______ (treat) the patient with antibiotics.(答案:treated) satisfying /ˈsætɪsfaɪɪŋ/ adj. 令人满意(或满足)的 变形:动词 satisfy(使满意;使满足);名词 satisfaction(满意;满足) 固定短语:a satisfying meal 令人满意的一餐;a satisfying result 令人满意的结果 例句:Completing the project was a very satisfying experience.(完成这个项目是一次非常令人满意的经历。) 练习:用所给词适当形式填空:She expressed her ______ (satisfy) with the service.(答案:satisfaction) however /haʊˈevə(r)/ adv. 然而;不过;仍然 变形:连词 however(然而;不过;仍然);形容词 howsoever(无论如何;不管怎样) 固定短语:however hard… 无论多么努力……;however much… 无论多少…… 例句:She is very tired. However, she still wants to finish the work.(她非常累。然而,她仍然想完成工作。) 练习:用所给词适当形式填空:______ (however) hard he tries, he can't seem to succeed.(答案:However) basic /ˈbeɪsɪk/ adj. 必需的;基本需要的;基础的 变形:名词 base(基础;底座);副词 basically(基础地;基本地) 固定短语:basic needs 基本需要;basic knowledge 基础知识 例句:Food, water, and shelter are basic human needs.(食物、水和住所是人类的基本需要。) 练习:用所给词适当形式填空:______ (basic), the problem is a lack of resources.(答案:Basically) raise /reɪz/ v. 筹集;提升;举起;养育 变形:名词 raising(筹集;提升;举起;养育);形容词 raised(被举起的;被养育的) 固定短语:raise money 筹集资金;raise one's hand 举手 例句:We raised money for the local charity.(我们为当地的慈善机构筹集了资金。) 练习:用所给词适当形式填空:The ______ (raise) of the flag was a solemn moment.(答案:raising) donation /dəʊˈneɪʃn/ n. 捐赠物;捐赠;赠送 变形:动词 donate(捐赠;赠送);形容词 donative(捐赠的;赠送的) 固定短语:make a donation 捐赠;a donation to… 对……的捐赠 例句:The donation of food and clothes helped the victims of the disaster.(食物和衣服的捐赠帮助了灾难的受害者。) 练习:用所给词适当形式填空:She ______ (donate) a lot of money to charity.(答案:donated) survival /səˈvaɪvl/ n. 生存;存活 变形:动词 survive(生存;存活;幸存);名词 survivor(幸存者;生还者) 固定短语:the survival of the fittest 适者生存;survival skills 生存技能 例句:The survival of the species depends on the environment.(这个物种的生存取决于环境。) 练习:用所给词适当形式填空:Only a few people ______ (survive) the plane crash.(答案:survived) collect /kəˈlekt/ v. 收集;采集;收藏 变形:名词 collection(收集;采集;收藏;收藏品);形容词 collective(集体的;共同的) 固定短语:collect stamps 集邮;collect data 收集数据 例句:She collects old coins from all over the world.(她收集来自世界各地的旧硬币。) 练习:用所给词适当形式填空:The ______ (collect) of information is very important.(答案:collection) make a difference 有作用,关系,影响(固定短语) 例句:Every small action can make a difference in the world.(每一个小小的行动都能对世界产生影响。) 练习:同义句转换:Your help was very important. → Your help ______ ______ ______.(答案:made a difference) be careful of 当心;注意(固定短语) 例句:Be careful of the dog, it can be aggressive.(当心那条狗,它可能会很凶。) 练习:用所给词适当形式填空:We need to be ______ (care) of the ice on the road.(答案:careful) run low 缺乏;减少;即将用尽(固定短语) 例句:Our supplies are running low and we need to buy more food.(我们的供应即将用尽,我们需要买更多的食物。) 练习:同义句转换:We are running out of time. → Our time is ______ ______.(答案:running low) university /ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːsəti/ n. (综合性)大学;高等学府 变形:形容词 universal(普遍的;通用的);名词 university student(大学生)(注:university无“大学的”形容词含义,其形容词为universal) 固定短语:a university degree 大学学位;a university campus 大学校园 例句:She is studying at a university in London.(她在伦敦的一所大学学习。) 练习:汉译英:大学是一个学习和成长的好地方。(答案:University is a great place to learn and grow.) course /kɔːs/ n. (有关某学科的系列)课程,讲座;过程;进程 变形:无“课程”含义的动词变形;形容词 course(课程的;过程的)(注:course作动词时意为“追赶、奔流”,与“课程”无关,故删除该含义的动词变形说明) 固定短语:a university course 大学课程;of course 当然;自然 例句:She is taking a course in psychology at university.(她在大学修一门心理学课程。) 练习:用所给词适当形式填空:______ (course), I will help you.(答案:Of course) hairdresser /ˈheədresə(r)/ n. 理发师;发型师 变形:名词 hairdressing(理发;发型设计);形容词 hairdressing(理发的;发型设计的) 固定短语:a hairdresser's shop 理发店;a professional hairdresser 专业的发型师 例句:I need to go to the hairdresser to get my hair cut.(我需要去理发店理发。) 练习:用所给词适当形式填空:The ______ (hairdress) gave me a new hairstyle.(答案:hairdresser) voluntary /ˈvɒləntəri/ adj. 自愿的;志愿的 变形:名词 volunteer(志愿者;志愿工作者);副词 voluntarily(自愿地;志愿地) 固定短语:voluntary work 志愿工作;a voluntary organisation 志愿组织 例句:The work is voluntary and is not paid.(这项工作是志愿的,没有报酬。) 练习:用所给词适当形式填空:He ______ (voluntary) agreed to help.(答案:voluntarily) keep company with 陪伴(固定短语) 例句:She kept company with her friend when he was sick.(当她的朋友生病时,她陪伴着他。) 练习:同义句转换:She stayed with her grandmother. → She ______ ______ ______ her grandmother.(答案:kept company with) ( 1 ) 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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Unit 8 单词用法讲解 2025-2026学年沪外教版英语八年级下册
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Unit 8 单词用法讲解 2025-2026学年沪外教版英语八年级下册
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Unit 8 单词用法讲解 2025-2026学年沪外教版英语八年级下册
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