考前押题02 阅读理解之科普说明文（科技与能源、环境、气候等）（押题训练）2026年高考英语阅读理解突破策略及押题

考前猜押 阅读理解科普说明文（研究报告） 1.押题指导原则： 2026年教育部命题指导思想：优化试题呈现方式和素材选取，融入科技前沿动态，浸润人文教育元素，加强项目式、探究式的真实情境问题设计，更好考查学生关键能力、学科素养和思维品质。 2.押题依据分析： 猜押考点 3年真题 词数 话题 考情分析 押题 依据 阅读理解 科普 说明文 2026年浙江首考阅读理解D D315 D篇AI辅助植物碳封存来增加碳储存量 新高考阅读理解科普说明文特点：英语阅读理解试题总是在D篇设置思维能力较强的自然科学方面的文章，试题循着“了解现状—聚焦问题—分析原因—提出建议”的逻辑进行设计，考查学生对每个环节关键内容的准确理解，引导学生培养科学探究精神，提升发现问题、分析问题、解决问题的能力。鲜明地彰显了命题人旨在培养新一代青年学子独立思考、理性判断的教育导向，体现了国家对理科基础教育的重视。 高考说明文体裁的阅读材料通常多为科普读物(包括介绍最新科技、重大成就等)、自然现象等等。说明文的总体结构通常分为三个部分：说明对象、说明过程和归纳总结。 2025年全国一卷阅读D篇 D330 D篇减少自来水中微塑料污染的新研究 2024年新高考Ⅰ卷阅读D篇 D370 D篇数字生物多样性记录存在偏见 2023年新高考Ⅱ卷阅读D篇 D318 D篇保护城市中的野生自然 押题预测目录 一、科技与可持续性新能源发展 二、科技与电子垃圾类 三、科技与处理微塑料污染类 四、科技与应对气候变化类 五、科技与应对环境变化类 六、科技与固碳、减排类 一、科技与可持续性新能源发展 押题1 词数 话题 体裁 考点 押题理由 334 水集成漂浮式水滴发电装置（W-DEG）利用雨水发电的原理、优势及未来研究方向 说明文 细节理解 推理判断 可持续性新能源类说明文是英语阅读理解中的重要题型，掌握其结构、语言特点和常见话题是提高成绩的关键。此类话题是高考命题常用的素材，全球都在关注新能力的发展。 Raindrops are more than a source of fresh water. They also carry mechanical energy that can be used for free. A research team from Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics has developed a water-integrated floating droplet electricity generator (W-DEG) that uses natural water as part of its structure, offering clean energy harvesting. Unlike conventional DEGs, which rely on solid ground substance and costly metal parts, the new design allows the device to float on water. When a raindrop lands on the floating dielectric film (电介质膜), the water beneath it provides the strength needed to absorb the impact because of its surface tension. This lets the droplet spread more effectively across the surface. At the same time, the water layer operates as a reliable electrical conductor. This nature-integrated design cuts the device’s weight by about 80 percent and lowers the cost by about 50 percent while maintaining similar electrical output compared to conventional systems. Tests showed that the W-DEG continued to function under diverse temperatures and salt levels, and even in natural lake water. These should be put down to its chemically inert (惰性的) dielectric layer and its naturally flexible water-based structure. To improve reliability further, the team used water’s strong surface tension to design holes that let water move downward. This creates a self-adjusting way to stop water from building up that could affect performance. The system also charged capacitors (电容器) to useful electric tension only within minutes, showing its potential for powering small electronics and wireless sensors. Moreover, with continued development, similar systems could be positioned on lakes or coastal waters, providing renewable electricity without using any land-based space. Although the laboratory results are encouraging, extending the service life of large dielectric films in dynamic outdoor conditions will also require further engineering. “By letting water itself play both structural and electrical roles, we’ve opened the door to land free systems that can supplement other renewable technologies like solar and wind.” Professor Wanlin Guo, a corresponding author of the study said. 1．What is W-DEG aimed at? A．Improving electrical conductors. B．Generating power from raindrops. C．Increasing power storage capacity. D．Turning raindrops into green energy. 2．Why did the research team design the holes in the W-DEG? A．To make the device lighter. B．To produce more electricity. C．To prevent the standing water. D．To allow water into the device. 3．What is an advantage of W-DEG according to Paragraph 4? A．Easy operation. B．Low construction cost. C．Stable performance. D．Rapid charging capability. 4．What might be a direction of the follow-up research? A．Cost reduction. B．Material recycling. C．Durability enhancement. D．Structural transformation. 押题2 词数 话题 体裁 考点 押题理由 375 由蓝绿藻驱动的计算机微处理器系统，该系统能长时间运行，展示了生物能源的潜力 说明文 细节理解、推理判断、主旨大意。 可持续性新能源类说明文是英语阅读理解中的重要题型，掌握其结构、语言特点和常见话题是提高成绩的关键。此类话题是高考命题常用的素材，全球都在关注新能力的发展。 A colorful colony of photosynthetic (光合的) cyanobacteria, known as blue-green algae (藻), has successfully powered a computer microprocessor for more than six months, according to a study published in the journal Energy & Environmental Science. The algae-computer system was placed in the window of biochemist Paolo Bombell’s home. What he saw next really blew his mind: It sat there from February to August, and all the while it was working. And even after the microprocessor has been disconnected, the cyanobacteria device continues to produce current. “Given the right conditions of light, temperature and water, I cannot predict when it will stop,” said Bombelli. Cyanobacteria harvest energy from sunlight and make it into food for themselves. For this study, the researchers put the power-providing microorganisms into a plastic and steel enclosure, about the size of an AA battery, along with an aluminum anode (铝正极). Throughout the experiment, the connected microprocessor was programmed to do a bunch of calculations, and then check its own work. It did this in a 45-minute period, followed by 15 minutes of standby, continuously for months with the cyanobacteria unit as its only power source. Even though the algae rely on a light source to feed, the bio-system continued to produce enough power to run the microprocessor in the dark. The scientists basically put down this phenomenon to leftovers. When there was light, the cyanobacteria cooked up an over-abundance of food, and when it was dark the microorganisms kept chewing on the extras. According to Chris Howe, senior author of the study, the results suggest that the little bio-based battery alternative could serve as a way to power small electronics without rare earth elements, which are in short supply and under growing demand. Plus, the system could also help bridge the electricity divide, providing another power supply for people in rural areas or low-income countries. Though the experiment’s results are promising, it’s important to keep in mind that the computer processor tested uses very little energy — requiring only 0.3 microwatts to run. More research is needed to know exactly how much the tiny AA-battery-sized device could scale up. Howe said, Putting one on your roof isn’t going to provide the power supply for your house at this stage.” 1．Which of the following facts about the algae-computer system surprised Bombelli? A．It can function without water. B．It can convert light into power. C．It can work for a long time. D．It can stand high temperatures. 2．What can we learn about the bio-system from paragraph 4? A．It stores light for later use. B．It works normally in the dark. C．It consumes little food in the dark. D．It produces food for people. 3．What will the research focus on next? A．How the device will work on the roof B．Whether the device’s size can be reduced. C．Whether the device can play a bigger role. D．How the device will adapt to new environments. 4．What is the best title for the passage? A．The Future of Household Electricity Supply B．Blue-Green Algae: A New Source of Food C．An Algae-Powered Device Runs Computer for Months D．A Promising Bio-Battery Creates the Miracle 押题3 词数 话题 体裁 考点 押题理由 336 将食物垃圾转化为可持续航空燃料的研究 说明文 细节理解、推理判断、主旨大意。 可持续性新能源类说明文是英语阅读理解中的重要题型，掌握其结构、语言特点和常见话题是提高成绩的关键。此类话题是高考命题常用的素材，全球都在关注新能力的发展。 One person’s trash is another person’s… jet fuel? Strange as it might sound, researchers at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign outlined a strategy for turning excess food waste into sustainable aviation fuel (SAF), which largely refers to fuels extracted from organic materials. The fuel can go straight into a plane without additional changes to the aircraft’s basic facilities. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) estimates that transportation accounted for roughly 29 percent of US greenhouse gas emissions in 2022 alone. Modern cars have reduced emissions in recent years, in part thanks to the shift toward electric battery power, while battery-powered airplanes don’t provide enough energy to power a large size and long flight time of passenger jet. As a result, jets have fallen behind cars in reducing emissions. In the experiment, the team started by collecting food waste from food-processing plants. They then used a chemical process called hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) to extract crude oil (原油) from the food waste. After that, they removed the impurities and other undesirable elements through a two-part process. What remained were then refined into jet fuel, SAF. The fuel passed the screening test and met industry requirements. Some estimates suggest that SAF could reduce emissions by up to 80 percent, compared to conventional jet fuel. The finding opens up the possibility to help the aviation industry achieve net-zero carbon emissions within the next three decades. “In a linear economy, we just produce something, use it, and throw it away. In this project, we take the waste and recover the energy and materials to make a usable product. This fills a missing link in the circular economy,” the professor Yuanhui Zhang in the university said. The research helps solve the science and engineering problems. It is a first step to show aviation fuel extracted from food waste is possible. Actually making enough of it to supply an entire passenger jet, however, is another beast altogether. Scaling up at this level needs time, resources, and deep pockets outside of academia. 1．How does the author present the need to solve aircraft pollution? A．By giving examples. B．By quoting an expert. C．By defining a concept. D．By making a comparison. 2．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．Why HTL is used. B．How SAF is made. C．What biofuel refers to. D．Where crude oil is from. 3．Why does the author quote Yuanhui Zhang’s words? A．To define a new type of economy model. B．To present the test results of the jet fuel. C．To stress the sustainability of SAF production. D．To confirm SAF’s effect on emission reduction. 4．What can we learn about the new fuel according to the last paragraph? A．Its application is around the corner. B．Its academic research hits a bottleneck. C．Its mass production needs much investment. D．Its success relies on international cooperation. 押题4 词数 话题 体裁 考点 押题理由 298 可再生能源发展情况及意义 说明文 细节理解、推理判断、词义猜测。 可持续性新能源类说明文是英语阅读理解中的重要题型，掌握其结构、语言特点和常见话题是提高成绩的关键。此类话题是高考命题常用的素材，全球都在关注新能力的发展。 A report from Ember, a research group, found that in the first half of 2025, renewable energy produced more electricity than coal did across the world. Renewable energy comes from natural sources that don’t run out, such as the Sun or wind. Coal has been the main way to make electricity on Earth for more than 100 years. Formed over millions of years from dead plant matter, the black lump is burned in power stations to heat water and create steam. This turns structures called turbines (涡轮机), and the energy from the movement is turned into electricity. When coal is burned, it releases gases including carbon dioxide, which contributes to climate change. Scientists say humans must reduce their use of fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, and gas, in order to stop climate change from getting worse. One step people are taking is using electric vehicles instead of cars fueled by gas. But if the electricity used to charge the vehicles is still generated from coal, it will not be beneficial to the planet. The first half of 2025 marked a milestone in global energy: renewable sources accounted for 34.3% of electricity generation, exceeding coal at 33.1%. This change was primarily driven by reduced coal use in China and India, the world’s top electricity consumers. Critically, this development contributed to a 4.5% drop in power sector carbon emissions globally, showing its environmental impact. The growth was led by a rapid growth in solar and wind, which together supplied a record 18.2% of global electricity, with China alone accounting for over half of the new solar capacity. “We are seeing the first signs of a crucial shift,” said Malgorzata Wiatros-Motyka from Ember. “Solar and wind are now growing fast enough to meet the world’s growing appetite for electricity.” 1．What do the underlined words “the black lump” in paragraph 1 refer to? A．Solid coal. B．Dead plant matter. C．Power from turbines. D．Energy from the movement. 2．Why do scientists suggest reducing the use of fossil fuels? A．To make electric vehicles more popular. B．To lower the cost of generating electricity. C．To prevent the worsening of climate change. D．To better study the effects of carbon dioxide. 3．How does the author support the main argument in paragraph 3? A．By sharing personal stories. B．By detailing new technologies. C．By quoting leading energy experts. D．By listing key data and national cases. 4．What is the main message conveyed by Malgorzata Wiatros-Motyka? A．Global electricity demand is expected to decline soon. B．The transition to renewable energy is becoming a reality. C．Coal will remain the dominant energy source for decades. D．Renewable energy is insufficient for future electricity needs. 二、科技与电子垃圾类 押题1 词数 话题 体裁 考点 押题理由 310 人工智能增加电子垃圾 说明文 细节理解、词句猜测、主旨大意。 电子垃圾类说明文是英语阅读理解中的重要题型，掌握其结构、语言特点和常见话题是提高成绩的关键。此类话题是高考命题常用的素材，人工智能增加了电子垃圾。 Every time generative artificial intelligence drafts an e-mail or makes an image, the planet pays for it. AI consumes much electricity. And a recent research identifies another concern: AI’s contribution to the world’s mounting mass of electronic waste. The study found that generative AI applications alone could add 1. 2 million to 5 million metric tons of trash to the planet by 2030, which definitely exacerbates the global e-waste problem. However, few countries legally require proper handling of e-waste, and those that do often fail to apply their existing laws on it. Twenty-five U. S. states have e-waste management policies, but there is no law that requires electronics recycling. In 2024 Ed Markey introduced a bill that would require agencies to develop standards for AI’s environmental impacts, including e-waste, but it has not passed. Some countries propose a reporting system, but it would be voluntary. Worse still, some countries even witness the absence of relevant laws. There are still solutions. Companies that use AI have a great number of options to limit e-waste. It’s possible to make hardware last longer through regular checks and updates, reuse old devices for less demanding tasks, or fix and reuse old parts—this cuts waste by 42%. Combining these with more efficient chip and program design could reduce e-waste by 86%. Yet there’s another wrinkle as well: AI products tend to be trickier to recycle than standard electronics. “The core issue lies in the fact that the former are often loaded with private user information that demands secure handling,” says Kees Balde, an e-waste researcher. He also points out tech giants like Microsoft and Google have the financial resources to both wipe such data and properly treatment of their electronics. “Undoubtedly, this process adds to the overall expense,” Balde comments on large-scale e-waste recycling, “but the benefits to the public far outweigh the costs involved.” 1．What does the underlined word “exacerbates” in paragraph 1 mean? A．Eliminates. B．Worsens. C．Causes. D．Tackles. 2．What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A．How countries cope with e-waste. B．The harm caused by global e-waste. C．Global e-waste management is poorly regulated. D．What individuals should do to approach e-waste. 3．How can companies reduce e-waste? A．By designing more efficient chips and programs. B．By cooperating with e-waste recycling organizations. C．By extending hardware life-span and design efficiency. D．By prohibiting the development of new AI technologies. 4．What makes AI products harder to recycle? A．Its insecure handling procedures. B．Its more complex hardware structures. C．Its tendency to get infected with virus. D．Its substantial customers’ data storage. 押题2 词数 话题 体裁 考点 押题理由 290 回收利用废旧锂电池变得至关重要，它既能减少环境危害又能节约资源，尽管面临挑战，但仍是未来的经济机遇 说明文 细节理解、推理判断、 电子垃圾类说明文是英语阅读理解中的重要题型，掌握其结构、语言特点和常见话题是提高成绩的关键。此类话题是高考命题常用的素材，人工智能增加了电子垃圾。 The rapid rise of electric vehicles and portable electronics has made lithium a critical resource. As the world moves toward clean energy, recycling used lithium batteries has become essential. New research from Edith Cowan University (ECU) shows that using old batteries as a secondary source of lithium not only reduces environmental harm but also ensures a steady supply of this valuable material, supporting a sustainable future. Experts predict the global lithium-ion battery market will grow quickly, reaching billions of dollars in value within a few years. However, most batteries are discarded while still holding a large amount of usable energy. In fact, when batteries are no longer suitable for electric vehicles, they often retain up to 80 percent of their lithium capacity. Instead of being wasted, these batteries could be recycled to recover lithium, nickel, and cobalt. Recycling offers clear environmental advantages compared to traditional mining. Mining lithium causes significant land damage, water pollution, and high carbon emissions. In contrast, recycling produces far fewer greenhouse gases, uses less energy and water, and avoids harmful chemical releases. Additionally, the lithium recovered through recycling is already highly purified, saving further processing costs. Despite these benefits, challenges remain. The fast pace of technological innovation makes it difficult for policies and recycling methods to keep up. Moreover, the changing chemical composition of batteries complicates the recycling process. To build a successful circular economy, investment in proper infrastructure is urgently needed. Fortunately, some companies are already exploring effective ways to recycle batteries and turn waste into wealth. In conclusion, recycling “dead” batteries is not just an environmental necessity but also an economic opportunity. By addressing current challenges and investing in better systems, we can reduce pollution, save resources, and create a cleaner, more sustainable world. 1．What is the main advantage of recycling lithium batteries mentioned in the text? A．It increases the speed of electric vehicles. B．It reduces environmental harm and saves resources. C．It makes batteries last longer in devices. D．It lowers the cost of producing new electronics. 2．Why are many discarded batteries still valuable? A．They contain rare metals like gold and silver. B．They can be directly reused in electric vehicles. C．They still hold a large amount of usable energy. D．They are easier to transport than new batteries. 3．What challenge does the text highlight about battery recycling? A．There is not enough demand for recycled materials. B．Recycling plants are too far from battery users. C．People are unwilling to return old batteries. D．Policies and technology struggle to keep up with changes. 4．What can be inferred about the future of battery recycling? A．It will replace all traditional mining activities soon. B．It requires cooperation between companies and governments. C．It will become unnecessary as new energy sources emerge. D．It is only profitable in countries with large lithium reserves. 三、科技与处理微塑料污染类 押题1 词数 话题 体裁 考点 押题理由 362 海洋微塑料对海洋生物和人类健康构成威胁，以及一种可降解新材料有望解决此问题 说明文 细节理解 推理判断 环境保护是当今全球关注的焦点问题之一。随着工业化、城市化的快速发展，环境污染、资源枯竭、气候变化等问题日益严重，威胁着人类的生存和发展。环境保护类说明文旨在探讨环境问题的成因、影响及解决方案，呼吁人们关注环境问题并采取行动。因此，环境保护类话题成为考试中的热门押题方向。 Ocean microplastics (微塑料) have grown into one of the top environmental threats in the 21st century, with tiny plastic pieces spreading to every corner of the global ocean at an alarming rate. These microplastics, usually less than 5 millimeters in size, come from broken-down plastic products, microbeads in daily chemicals and unprocessed industrial plastic waste. They harm sea life in various ways: many marine animals mistake them for food and eat them, leading to digestive failure and even death, and they stick to sea creatures’ bodies, affecting their normal activities and reproduction. What’s worse, microplastics enter the marine food chain and accumulate in marine organisms, finally bringing serious potential health risks to humans who eat seafood. To solve this urgent problem, an international team of scientists spent five years researching and developing a new biodegradable (可降解的) material to replace traditional petroleum-based (石油基的) plastics. The material is made from natural plant waste like corn stalks, rice straw and wheat bran — low-cost and widely available agricultural by-products that make it easy to produce on a large scale. It looks and works just like common plastic, being light, tough and waterproof, and can be processed into various daily products. Its biggest advantage is that it can break down completely in seawater within six months under the action of marine microorganisms, turning into harmless organic substances, unlike traditional plastic that stays in the ocean for hundreds of years and causes lasting pollution. Laboratory tests in different marine environments and large-scale sea trials in the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans have achieved great success. The tests prove the material is safe for all sea creatures, from tiny plankton to large marine mammals, and it does not change seawater’s natural chemical conditions like pH value and salinity. Thanks to its excellent performance and environmental friendliness, many world-famous companies in food, packaging and daily necessities industries have begun to use it for food packages, shopping bags and disposable tableware. Experts believe this material is a crucial turning point in ocean protection; with wider use, it will greatly cut plastic waste entering the ocean and help build a cleaner, healthier ocean ecosystem for humans and marine wildlife. 1．Why are ocean microplastics harmful? A．They raise the temperature of seawater. B．They destroy global food production. C．They threaten sea life and human health. D．They reduce the number of sea plants. 2．What can we infer about the new material? A．It is hard to produce in large amounts. B．It has practical use in daily life. C．It has replaced all traditional plastics. D．It can break down in any polluted water. 3．What is experts’ attitude to the new material? A．Doubtful and careful. B．Hopeful and positive. C．Worried and uncertain. D．Uninterested and calm. 4．What is the function of the first paragraph? A．To show the writing background. B．To introduce the main character. C．To describe a serious problem. D．To give some useful suggestions. 押题2 词数 话题 体裁 考点 押题理由 302 洗碗会使塑料容器释放微塑料进入废水，虽总量相对较低、污水处理厂可去除大部分，但仍有泄漏，需从源头采取措施减少污染。 说明文 细节理解 推理判断 环境保护是当今全球关注的焦点问题之一。随着工业化、城市化的快速发展，环境污染、资源枯竭、气候变化等问题日益严重，威胁着人类的生存和发展。环境保护类说明文旨在探讨环境问题的成因、影响及解决方案，呼吁人们关注环境问题并采取行动。因此，环境保护类话题成为考试中的热门押题方向。 It’s no secret that microplastics have already come into our lives. They can stem from daily tasks like cooking and cleaning. Now, research is pointing to the previously unexplored impact of dishwashing on microplastic pollution. A new study has revealed that washing plastic containers in a dishwasher releases plastic particles (颗粒), which proceed to enter wastewater. Although the study confirmed that the release of microplastics in dishwashers is relatively low compared to other sources of microplastic pollution, it could still impose consequences on the environment. The study found that a single dishwasher cycle with a full load of common plastic items could release about 920,000 microplastic particles into wastewater. This ultimately adds up to 33 million particles per household per year globally. Although this number may sound frightening, this plastic mass only equates to “about a quarter of the weight of a grain of rice,” according to a statement on the study. Regardless, microplastics from dishwashers eventually end up in a wastewater treatment plant, which can remove more than 90 percent of microplastics from wastewater. However, the filters (过滤器) here are not perfect, as millions of microplastics can still slip through and adversely affect the environment. Even though dishwashers may not be the biggest concern in terms of microplastic pollution, the fact that millions of households regularly use them increases the environmental risks. However, strategies to limit microplastic pollution from dishwashing and other household tasks have been suggested. Filters fitted on dishwashers to catch microplastics before they enter wastewater could be a possibility in the future. “Removing this pollutant before it can enter the environment is better than taking costly measures after it has already been released,” said author Elvis Okofio, a research fellow at the University of Queensland. “Small changes can help reduce the global burden of plastic pollution.” 1．What can we learn about dishwashing from paragraph 1? A．It has grown more complicated. B．It’s a source of microplastic pollution. C．Its plastic pollution is out of control. D．It unexpectedly pollutes our kitchens. 2．What can be inferred about microplastics from dishwashers? A．Their total amount is relatively low. B．They hardly affect the environment. C．They pose a huge threat to human health. D．They contain a small number of particles. 3．What is a problem of the wastewater treatment plant? A．It fails to perfect its management. B．It does not have enough filters. C．It lets many microplastics escape. D．It can’t remove microplastics from water. 4．What is Okofio’s suggestion for limiting microplastic pollution? A．Improving filter technology. B．Stopping using plastic containers. C．Reducing the use of water. D．Preventing release from the source. 押题3 词数 话题 体裁 考点 押题理由 322 塑料垃圾在海洋中形成的新型生态系统“塑料圈”的定义、形成过程、生态影响及应对方法 说明文 推理判断、细节理解。 环境保护是当今全球关注的焦点问题之一。随着工业化、城市化的快速发展，环境污染、资源枯竭、气候变化等问题日益严重，威胁着人类的生存和发展。环境保护类说明文旨在探讨环境问题的成因、影响及解决方案，呼吁人们关注环境问题并采取行动。因此，环境保护类话题成为考试中的热门押题方向。 Consider a plastic bottle floating on the ocean’s surface, far from the coast. To the naked eye, it seems lifeless — just discarded waste floating on the waves. But up close, it is a lively habitat: bacteria gather in large groups, green seaweed grows into thin layers, small creatures live in water feed, and small shellfish attach firmly. This is the plastisphere, a new ecosystem formed by human waste — a term invented by marine microbiologist Linda Amaral-Zettler more than ten years ago, referring to unique groups of species living on plastic waste. Unlike natural materials such as driftwood, which break down in months, plastics never fully degrade. They can last for up to 1,000 years, breaking into small pieces instead of disappearing completely. This long-lasting feature makes plastic a stable living place for marine creatures. The process of species settling on plastic follows a regular order: first, bacteria arrive and settle down, sending out chemical signals to draw other tiny organisms and forming sticky layers. Soon after, algae (藻类) and fungi (真菌) join in, building simple food chains. Later, larger organisms like barnacles come, and some use plastic as safe places to raise their young. The movement of the plastisphere is worrying — ocean currents carry plastic across different regions, acting as “microbial roads” that transport species, including harmful bacteria and poisonous algae, to new ecosystems. In these sticky layers, harmful microbes exchange genetic material, becoming more dangerous or resistant to drugs. Although some microbes in the plastisphere may break down pollutants, the ability of this ecosystem to adapt also brings ecological damage. Studies on the plastisphere confirm a simple fact: the only long-term solution is to reduce plastic production and our dependence on it in order to prevent pollution. It shows the adaptability of life and warns us of unexpected results — our desire for convenience has changed ocean life in ways we still do not fully understand. 1．What does the underlined word “plastisphere” mean in paragraph 1? A．A type of plastic debris floating in oceans. B．A natural material that replaces plastic in oceans. C．A group of marine microbes that break down plastic. D．A new ecosystem formed on plastic waste. 2．Why can plastic become a stable habitat for marine life? A．It releases nutrients that support marine organisms. B．It is lighter than driftwood and easier to float. C．It breaks down slowly and lasts for a long time. D．It is less likely to be damaged by ocean currents. 3．What is the sequence of settlement on plastic debris? A．Algae→bacteria→fungi→larger organisms B．Bacteria→algae→fungi→larger organisms C．Fungi→bacteria→algae→larger organisms D．Larger organisms→bacteria→algae→fungi 4．What is the author’s attitude towards the plastisphere? A．Concerned about its negative environmental impacts. B．Optimistic that it will solve ocean pollution. C．Doubtful that it really exists in natural oceans. D．Excited about its potential for scientific research. 押题4 词数 话题 体裁 考点 押题理由 320 微塑料的来源、传播途径及对环境和人体的潜在危害 说明文 推理判断、细节理解。 环境保护是当今全球关注的焦点问题之一。随着工业化、城市化的快速发展，环境污染、资源枯竭、气候变化等问题日益严重，威胁着人类的生存和发展。环境保护类说明文旨在探讨环境问题的成因、影响及解决方案，呼吁人们关注环境问题并采取行动。因此，环境保护类话题成为考试中的热门押题方向。 Plastics are widely used in our daily lives, from packaging and clothing to medical tools and electronic devices. However, in recent years, scientists have paid increasing attention to microplastics — tiny plastic pieces smaller than 5 millimeters. These particles are often produced when larger plastic items break down over time, especially under sunlight or pressure. They can also enter the environment directly through daily products such as facial cleansers, clothes, or industrial waste. In addition, factories and wastewater treatment plants release large amounts of microplastics into rivers and oceans every day. Once in the environment, these small particles are difficult to remove. Over time, microplastics have spread across the planet. They have been found in the cold Arctic, the deep Mariana Trench, and even on the top of Mount Qomolangma. They are now a major part of marine pollution and can be eaten by sea animals like fish and shellfish. Through the food chain, these plastics may eventually enter the human body, raising concerns about their possible effects on health. But the danger does not stop there. Microplastics are also present in the air we breathe. Research shows that people, especially those living in cities, may take in microplastics through breathing. Tiny plastic fibers from clothes, furniture, and traffic dust float in both indoor and outdoor air. Common plastic items — such as food containers, cups, and baby bottles — can also release microplastics when heated or reused too many times. Although most microplastics are too large to pass through the skin, they may still stay on the surface or carry harmful chemicals. Some skin care products even contain plastic particles, increasing the chances of contact through daily use. Scientists have found that microplastics may harm human cells and lead to problems in the lungs, immune system, or even brain. As research continues, it is important to understand the risks and reduce our exposure to these tiny but widespread pollutants. 1．What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A．How microplastics spread and harm nature. B．Detailed steps of wastewater treatment. C．The invention of plastic packaging. D．The plastic pollution in the ocean. 2．What can we learn about human exposure to microplastics? A．It is linked to daily matters people may not even notice. B．It can be avoided by moving to countryside areas. C．It mainly results from working in plastic factories. D．It increases when people touch seawater directly. 3．Why are microplastics considered particularly dangerous? A．They make plastic goods more expensive to produce. B．They pose health risks while being hard to detect. C．They are large enough to be easily noticed. D．They cause direct death of marine animals. 4．Which could be the best title for the text? A．Daily Products That Make Life Easier B．How Air Pollution Is Worse Than We Think C．The Growth Of Plastic Production Worldwide D．Microplastics: A Threat With A Huge Impact 押题5 词数 话题 体裁 考点 押题理由 297 国科研团队研发的新型可重复使用、可生物降解泡沫，能高效去除水中微塑料及其相关研究与应用前景 说明文 推理判断、细节理解。 环境保护是当今全球关注的焦点问题之一。随着工业化、城市化的快速发展，环境污染、资源枯竭、气候变化等问题日益严重，威胁着人类的生存和发展。环境保护类说明文旨在探讨环境问题的成因、影响及解决方案，呼吁人们关注环境问题并采取行动。因此，环境保护类话题成为考试中的热门押题方向。 Small plastic particles in water have become one of the most concerning consumer pollutants because they are widely found in various water sources. A Chinese research team has developed a new method to remove these microplastics, which negatively affect human health. A study published on Saturday in the journal Science Advances introduced a new reusable and biodegradable foam that can capture microplastics in water with an efficiency of up to 99.8% in its first use. Researchers from Wuhan University and Huazhong University of Science and Technology used a sustainable fibrous foam made from chitin（几丁质） from squid bone and cellulose（纤维素） obtained from cotton. This foam has a hole-filled structure that can attract and interact with various types of microplastics commonly present in electronics, food packaging, textiles, and other industrial products. The team tested the foam’s performance using water samples from four real-world sources — irrigation water, lake water, seawater, and pond water — to prove its effectiveness in natural water environments. In initial tests, the foam captured nearly 100% of microplastics. After five usage cycles, the removal rate of this plant-based material still exceeded 95%, demonstrating excellent reusable. According to the study, the material’s capturing ability is largely unaffected by inorganic particles, heavy metals, organic pollutants, or microorganisms in the water. “Microplastics entering land-based and aquatic environments will continue to increase for thousands of years due to the alarming amount of plastic waste in the environment,” said Deng Hongbing from Wuhan University, the corresponding author of the study. Deng added that the research indicates plant-based materials could offer an economical solution for addressing the complex issue of microplastic pollution in water. The research team has already patented for this technology and hopes to introduce it into real-world water treatment systems or household water purifiers in the near future. 1．What enabled the new foam to achieve 99. 8% initial removal efficiency? A．Its cellulose film. B．Its squid-bone frame. C．Its hole-filled structure. D．Its biodegradable property. 2．The researchers tested the foam in water samples from four real-world sources to ________. A．compare the pollution levels of different water bodies. B．prove its effectiveness in simulated laboratory conditions. C．identify which water source contains the most microplastics. D．verify its performance in natural and complex aquatic systems. 3．What can be inferred from Deng Hongbing’s statement about plant-based materials? A．They can provide a highly cost-effective approach. B．They are the only solution to microplastic pollution. C．They are too expensive to be widely used at present. D．Their effectiveness is limited to specific microplastics. 4．What is the research team’s attitude towards their technology? A．Uncertain and hesitant. B．Pessimistic and doubtful. C．Confident and ambitious. D．Indifferent and disconnected. 四、科技与应对气候变化类 押题1 词数 话题 体裁 考点 押题理由 307 肯尼亚的图尔卡纳湖因气候变化导致水位大幅下降，强调了气候变化与地质活动之间的紧密联系 说明文 细节理解、推理判断 主旨大意 应对全球气候变化类阅读理解文章通常涉及人类活动对气候的影响，危害人类的生存发展。因此，气候变化类阅读理解在考试中占有重要地位。 Lake Turkana in Kenya, often called the birthplace of humanity, is the world’s largest desert lake. Ancient remains up to 4. 2 million years old from half a dozen human ancestor species have been found there, offering precious clues to how our ancestors lived alongside diverse wildlife. Thousands of years ago, the lake was far larger, stretching across vast areas and surrounded by thick green grasslands. But between 4000 and 6000 years ago, a long period of drier climate brought about a dramatic change — its water level dropped by 100 to 150 metres. This shift not only reshaped the landscape but also awakened long-hidden geological forces beneath the lakebed. A study led by Christopher Scholz and his team at Syracuse University reveals that the significant water level drop reduced pressure on the lakebed, allowing crustal faults (地壳断层) to slip more easily. The research team examined 27 underwater faults, finding that fault sides moved past each other at an average rate of 0. 17 millimetres per year. The reduced water weight had another profound effect, which enabled magma (岩浆) deep below the Earth’s crust to rise more freely. “It’s like opening a bottle of soda — less pressure makes magma much more likely to erupt,” says Ken Macdonald, a geologist from the University of California, Santa Barbara. Notably, one of the lake’s three volcanic islands erupted in 1888, an event closely linked to these long-term geological shifts. While climate change-driven rainfall is now raising the lake’s water levels again, researchers warn it will take thousands of years to significantly reduce the increased earthquake and volcanic activity. The study emphasizes that global geological risk assessments must now consider how climate change alters lake water levels — a clear and urgent connection between human-driven environmental shifts and the dynamic forces of the planet’s crust beneath our feet. 1．What can we infer about the dramatic change of Lake Turkana 4000-6000 years ago? A．Landscape changed for the better. B．Change was mainly due to climate. C．Lake expansion created grasslands. D．human ancestors caused the change. 2．What did Scholz’s team find about the underwater faults? A．Lower water levels completely stop fault slip. B．Fault slip often leads to a drop in water levels. C．Faults slip 0. 17 millimetres per year on average. D．Twenty-seven underwater faults exist in the lake. 3．Why does Ken Macdonald give the example of opening a bottle of soda? A．To describe the power of volcanic eruptions. B．To show volcanic eruptions are unpredictable. C．To explain how pressure change causes an eruption. D．To illustrate the similarity between soda and magma. 4．What is the best title for the passage? A．Climate Shifts: A Driver of Geological Changes B．Lake Turkana: A Witness to Ancient Geological Shifts C．Underwater Faults: Key Links to Volcanic Activity Risks D．Human Activities: Reshapers of Earth’s Crust Movements 押题2 词数 话题 体裁 考点 押题理由 348 非洲森林从吸收二氧化碳的碳汇转变为排放二氧化碳的碳源的变化，这一根本性转变加剧了全球应对气候变化的挑战 说明文 细节理解、词义猜测。推理判断 应对全球气候变化类阅读理解文章通常涉及人类活动对气候的影响，危害人类的生存发展。因此，气候变化类阅读理解在考试中占有重要地位。 African forests and shrubby woodlands have previously been one of the world’s biggest carbon sinks, accounting for 20 percent of all the CO2 taken up by plants. The lion’s share of this is in the Congo rainforest, the second largest forest in the world after the Amazon. Sometimes called the “lungs of Africa”, it absorbs an estimated 600 million tons of CO2 per year. However, forests on the continent are now emitting more carbon dioxide than they absorb, a fundamental shift that will make it more difficult for the world to cut its net emissions to zero. Now, researchers have found that after gaining biomass (生物量) from 2007 to 2010, African forests lost 106 million tons of biomass per year from 2011 to 2017. That is equal to roughly 200 million tons of CO2 emissions per year. This was driven by logging in the Congo rainforest, says Heiko Balzter at the University of Leicester, UK. “If we are losing the tropical forests as one of the means of mitigating climate change, then we basically have to reduce our emissions of greenhouse gases from fossil fuel burning even faster to get to near-zero emissions.” Balzter and his team estimated the amount of biomass with satellite measurement of the color and water content of the forest canopy (树冠), as well as its height at certain points. But Simon Lewis at University College London says satellite data can’t detect the type of trees in a forest and isn’t reliable for estimating the carbon absorbed by high-biomass undamaged forests or emitted in forests degraded by selective logging. At the COP30 climate summit in November, Brazil announced the tropical Forests Forever Facility, a fund that will pay its investment returns to tropical countries at $4 per hectare of forest left standing. But so far countries have donated only $6.6 billion to the fund, far short of the $25 billion goal. “It’s really important to make this tropical Forest Forever Facility work, to try to turn around this trend of the African tree biomass actually emitting carbon into the atmosphere,” says Balzter. 1．What change does the author mention about African forests? A．They are larger than before. B．They are producing more CO2. C．They are thicker than before. D．They are absorbing more CO2. 2．What does the underlined word “mitigating” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Slowing. B．Ignoring. C．Worsening. D．Measuring. 3．What can be inferred about the satellite measurement? A．It can identify the type of trees in a forest. B．It is mainly used for observing illegal logging. C．It has some limitations in biomass assessment. D．It is widely accepted by most climate scientists. 4．Why is the tropical Forests Forever Facility significant? A．It supports a lot of poor African countries. B．It has raised enough money to protect tropical forests. C．It may turn the tide on African forests carbon releasing. D．It contributes to investing new projects in tropical areas. 押题3 词数 话题 体裁 考点 押题理由 342 树木树皮中的微生物可以消耗氢气、甲烷、一氧化碳等影响气候的气体，帮助应对气候变化，以及相关研究发现和植树造林的启示 说明文 细节理解、 词义猜测 推理判断。 应对全球气候变化类阅读理解文章通常涉及人类活动对气候的影响，危害人类的生存发展。因此，气候变化类阅读理解在考试中占有重要地位。 Trees are known for absorbing carbon dioxide as they grow. However, recent research reveals a hidden function of trees: their bark hosts countless microbes that consume other climate-active gases. The tree bark microbes feed on hydrogen, methane and carbon monoxide, researchers report January 8 in Science. As for trapping heat, methane is a greenhouse gas 28 times more potent than carbon dioxide over a 100-year period. Carbon monoxide and hydrogen enhance global warming indirectly, by helping methane persist longer in the atmosphere. Globally, tree bark covers an estimated 41 million square kilometers, with about six trillion microbes per square meter. “This is a hidden benefit of trees we previously didn’t realize,” says Luke Jeffrey, a biogeochemist at Southern Cross University in Australia. The discovery emerged from long-term research on methane sources. Initially, scientists found that methane emissions from Amazon flooded areas were only half the expected amount. Then in 2017, it was discovered that half of the region’s methane seeped from tree trunks instead of the ground. While trees were once seen as passive chimneys releasing soil methane, a 2021 study by Jeffrey’s team found that bark microbes reduce methane emissions by about 35% by oxidizing it for energy. In follow-up work, researchers analyzed microbial genomes in eight Australian tree species. They found hydrogen-oxidizing microbes were most common, followed by methaneand carbon monoxide-consuming types. Experiments confirmed that bark microbes not only digest gases within trees but also draw trace amounts of these gases from the air. Though atmospheric concentrations are low (2 parts per million to 40 parts per billion), scaled globally, tree microbes remove millions of tons of these gases annually. This hidden function strengthens trees’role in fighting climate change. Since different tree species host distinct microbial communities, reforestation efforts could prioritize species that maximize removal of multiple greenhouse gases. “You’re not just thinking about the tree you’re planting, but also the microbes within the tree,” Chris Greening, one researcher participating in the study notes, “You can ideally get rid of three or four climate-active gases for the price of one.” 1．What is the role of bark concerning climate change? A．Absorbs carbon dioxide directly. B．Blocks harmful gas emissions. C．Contains microbes eating climate gases. D．Stores carbon dioxide internally. 2．What does the underlined word “potent” in paragraph 2 mean? A．powerful. B．harmful. C．common. D．visible. 3．What can we learn from the research? A．Amazon’s methane emissions matched earlier predictions. B．Tree bark microbes raise methane emissions by using it for energy. C．Hydrogen-oxidizing microbes are the rarest in Australian tree bark. D．Tree microbes can take in small amounts of greenhouse gases from the air. 4．What is Chris Greening’s words mainly about? A．The difficulty of studying tree microbes. B．The benefits of planting trees with microbes. C．The high cost of reducing greenhouse gases. D．The need to focus only on trees, not microbes. 押题4 词数 话题 体裁 考点 押题理由 361 植树对气候总体有益，但不同地区的温度影响差异显著，在炎热潮湿地区植树能带来最强的降温效果，并解释了其原理 说明文 细节理解、 主旨大意。 应对全球气候变化类阅读理解文章通常涉及人类活动对气候的影响，危害人类的生存发展。因此，气候变化类阅读理解在考试中占有重要地位。 More trees will cool the climate and control fires, but mainly if planted in hot, wet areas, according to a new UC Riverside (UCR) study. The study, published in Climate and Atmospheric Science, found that tree planting is generally a net positive for the climate because it helps pull warming carbon out of the atmosphere. However, local effects on temperature not related to carbon varied significantly by region. At higher latitudes (纬度), trees could have a slight heating effect, while the opposite is true in hot, wet areas. “Our study found greater cooling effects from planting in warm, wet regions, where trees grow throughout the year. Trees there not only pull carbon dioxide from the air, they also cool while releasing water vapor,” said study first author and UCR graduate student James Gomez. “It’s not that planting elsewhere doesn’t help — it does — but these warm areas offer the strongest returns per tree.” These findings mirror the results of an earlier UCR study that shows planting trees could cool the surface of the planet even more than previously expected. While that study factored in the chemical effects of trees interacting with the atmosphere, this study places more emphasis on understanding the physical effects of tree planting. These effects include “tree sweating”, or transpiration (蒸腾). Tree roots absorb water from the soil, which then travels up through the trunk and into the leaves. When pores (气孔) in the leaves open up so the tree can take in carbon dioxide for photosynthesis (光合作用), some of the water in the leaves evaporates into the air. This process cools the air on Earth’s surface and cools the tree, too. “It’s just like the way sweating cools your body,” Gomez said. “In warm, wet areas, there is constantly water available for trees, and that increases transpiration.” Trees can also reduce the amount of sunlight that reaches the planet’s surface. As they release water vapor, the air can become more humid. More humidity can mean more clouds, and water vapor itself can absorb some sun. Both of these effects reduce the amount of sun that reaches the ground, giving a cooling effect. 1．What does the study reveal about tree planting in different regions? A．Carbon absorption is weaker in high latitudes than hot areas. B．Climate benefits overall, but temperature effects vary regionally. C．It is only effective in hot, wet areas and has no benefits elsewhere. D．It has identical cooling effects regardless of the latitude where trees are planted. 2．How does the transpiration process mainly work? A．By opening leaf pores to let water out. B．By changing sunlight into food for the tree. C．By adding water to the air without forming clouds. D．By pulling water up from the soil through the trunk. 3．Hot, wet areas have the best cooling effect because of ______. A．more leaf pores and less water in the air B．constant water supply and slower tree growth C．greater carbon storage and less sun bouncing back D．year-round water release and more clouds forming 4．Which is the best title for the text? A．Why All Tree Planting Helps the Climate B．The Chemistry of Trees: Beyond Carbon Storage C．Where to Plant Trees for Maximum Climate Benefits D．Trees and Carbon: A New Look at Forest Climate Effects 五、科技与应对环境变化类 押题1 词数 话题 体裁 考点 押题理由 304 文森特·加勒博受亚马逊王莲启发，设计出可持续漂浮城市Lilypad，以应对海平面上升问题 说明文 细节理解、词义猜测。 随着自然环境的变化，人类生存的环境也发生了巨大变化，人类为了更好的生存，采用科技手段改善生存环境。科技与应对环境变化类阅读理解文章成为热门话题，在考试中占有重要地位。 We can learn a lot from nature. Architect Vincent Callebaut looks to our environment as a guide for designing his forward-thinking structures. His conceptual creation Lilypad is a prime example. Lilypad is a floating island that draws inspiration from the gigantic Victoria amazonica, a species of water lily known for having the largest leaves of any water plant. Their leaves can grow up to nearly 10 feet in diameter. Similarly, Callebaut’s Lilypad is a massive self-sustaining structure surrounded by water. Lilypad is intended to offer a solution to the rising sea levels for humans. It would function as a mobile, amphibious (水陆两栖的) city that could accommodate up to 10, 000 inhabitants. The city would follow the ocean currents and adapt to natural forces instead of working against them, as we do now, Eco-friendly at its core, Lilypad is designed to have a central freshwater lagoon that would aid in rainwater collection and purification. Other areas of the structure would be set up as the marina and mountain “zones” where people would work, shop, and be entertained. Layers of planned housing would be surrounded by suspended gardens and crossed by a network of organically arranged streets. The Lilypad design uses principles of biomimicry (仿生学), a practice that mimics the strategies used by living organisms to solve human challenges. Callebaut has distinct ways in which he has applied biomimicry fundamentals to Lilypad. One way is through its bionic structure. “The structure takes up the radial (辐射状) and concentric geometry (同心式几何) shape of a water lily leaf, making it float and distribute loads,” he explains, “a design that reduces the amount of materials to a minimum.” “In short,” Callebaut concludes, “Lilypad transforms climate challenges into opportunities through a design inspired by nature, where each element works in symbiosis (共生) with the environment.” 1．What is the key feature of Callebaut’s Lilypad? A．It automatically purifies water. B．It functionally provides a shelter. C．It constantly influences the ocean currents. D．It exactly meets the government’s requirements. 2．What do we know about using the principles of biomimicry? A．It is a project to solve the natural crisis. B．It is a guide to restore the damaged situation. C．It is a method to adopt the professional solutions. D．It is an application to imitate the approaches from nature. 3．What can be inferred about Lilypad from the remarks of Callebaut? A．Its design is based on the eco-friendly philosophy. B．Its way of distribution proves effective and practical. C．Its operation shows how to cut down on building materials. D．Its structure highlights the importance of keeping balance. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Nature Does Nothing in Vain B．A Future Sample of Housing Rises to Fame C．Sustainable Floating City is Inspired by Water Lily D．Nature Guides the Design for a Forward-thinking Structure 押题2 词数 话题 体裁 考点 押题理由 386 利用回收玻璃砂制作人工岛以修复海岸生态系统的研究、实验结果、潜在局限及后续观测计划 说明文 细节理解、推理判断。 随着自然环境的变化，人类生存的环境也发生了巨大变化，人类为了更好的生存，采用科技手段改善生存环境。科技与应对环境变化类阅读理解文章成为热门话题，在考试中占有重要地位。 The open water of Bayou Bienvenue now hosts an island of native trees, grasses, and recycled glass. The artificial island is helping researchers understand a new approach to coastal restoration. Created by a team of scientists and a glass recycling company, the roughly 10-metre-diameter (直径) island is made from a mix of glass ground into sand and Mississippi River sediment (沉积物). A second island next to it, also dotted with plants, is made fully from sediment. The team wants to know if there are any differences in how the plants grow to figure out if the glass sand mixture could be a workable material for restoring coastal ecosystems. Sea level rise and erosion (侵蚀) sweep away sediment and flood (淹没) plants along the coast. The ecosystems there, such as wetlands and salt marshes (盐沼), act as a protection between storms and areas further inland. To restore these damaged ecosystems, ecologists often rely on sediment collected nearby. But there’s a limited amount available, and the digging process can disturb surrounding habitats. By using glass sand instead, restoration projects can reduce the amount of sediment required and chip away at another problem: Millions of metric tons of glass end up in landfills each year instead of getting recycled. According to a study by Sunshine Van Bael and her colleagues, wetland plants were grown in a greenhouse in five-gallon buckets. These plants were grown in containers filled with Mississippi River mud (淤泥), glass sand, or an even mix of both. The glass was progressively processed into different sizes. The plants grown in a coarse-grained (粗粒的) glass-sediment mix exhibited similar growth characteristics to those grown in only sediment. Another group’s study revealed that two salt marsh grasses native to Mississippi grew well in a fifty-fifty mix of glass sand and fill soil, while one species grew even in a 75 percent glass sand mixture. Researchers believe that the success of these studies suggests great promise. However, it is possible that this method is not specific to each region, and research needs to be location-specific to determine the glass sand’s ideal size and proportion across different coastlines. Van Bael and her colleagues will keep a watchful eye on the islands in Bayou Bienvenue for the next five years, with plans to create two more. 1．What problem does using glass sand help reduce? A．The rising of sea level. B．The overflow of glass waste in landfills. C．The pollution in the Mississippi River. D．The lack of storm-prevention systems. 2．Which of the following is true about Van Bael’s greenhouse study? A．It was conducted in an open field. B．It contained varied particle sizes of the glass. C．It proved plants in pure glass sand grew better. D．It found a grass thriving in a 75% glass sand mixture. 3．What is a potential limitation of the glass sand method? A．Its long-term effects are unknown. B．It could potentially harm the plants. C．It requires too much energy to produce. D．It calls for tailoring to different locations. 4．What is the researchers’ attitude towards the glass sand method? A．Skeptical and critical. B．Neutral and indifferent. C．Optimistic but cautious. D．Supportive without doubt. 押题3 词数 话题 体裁 考点 押题理由 318 随着全球城市快速扩张，城市热岛效应成为紧迫的环境挑战，阐述其成因、危害，以及一些城市应对该问题的有效措施和成功经验 说明文 细节理解、推理判断。 随着自然环境的变化，人类生存的环境也发生了巨大变化，人类为了更好的生存，采用科技手段改善生存环境。科技与应对环境变化类阅读理解文章成为热门话题，在考试中占有重要地位。 Urban heat islands (UHIs) have become a pressing environmental challenge as cities expand rapidly worldwide. These phenomena occur when built up areas — with concrete roads, glass skyscrapers, and minimal green space-trap more heat than surrounding rural regions, raising urban temperatures by 2 to 8 degrees Celsius. A 2024 study published in Sustainable Cities and Society tracked 50 major cities across Asia, Europe, and North America, finding that UHIs not only worsen heatwaves but also increase energy consumption for air conditioning by 30%on average, making carbon emissions worse. However, innovative urban planning is proving effective in easing this issue. The Chinese city of Shenzhen has pioneered a “sponge city green corridor” model, integrating rooftop gardens, vertical forests on the outside of buildings, and pavements that let rainwater sink into the ground. Over the past five years, these measures have reduced local temperatures by 1.5 degrees and cut urban runoff by 40% during heavy rains. Similarly, Copenhagen’s “cool neighborhoods” project replaced asphalt (沥青) with light-colored, heat-reflective materials and expanded community parks, lowering summer temperatures in targeted areas by 2 degrees while improving residents’ mental health, according to post-project surveys. The key to success lies in balancing infrastructure development with ecological conservation. Researchers emphasize that native plant species are particularly crucial-they require less water, support local biodiversity, and absorb more heat than non-local plants. Moreover, community participation plays a vital role: in Berlin, residents’ initiatives to convert vacant lots into urban gardens have created over 120 small green spaces, each contributing to UHI reduction while fostering social connections. As cities continue to grow, addressing urban heat islands is no longer optional but essential for sustainable development. The solutions — rooted in green infrastructure, smart design, and community engagement-demonstrate that environmental protection and urbanization can coexist harmoniously. By learning from successful cases worldwide, cities can turn the challenge of UHIs into an opportunity to build healthier, more resilient living spaces. 1．What is the main cause of urban heat islands? A．Excessive use of air conditioning. B．Light-colored reflective materials. C．Waste gases from vehicles and factories. D．Lack of green space and overbuilt areas. 2．How does Shenzhen reduce urban heat islands? A．By expanding rural areas around the city. B．By establishing more high-rise buildings. C．By using new heat-reflective materials on roads. D．By doing more greening and better water management. 3．Why are native plant species recommended for urban greening? A．Because they are more affordable to maintain. B．Because they grow faster than non-local plants. C．Because they adapt better and absorb more heat. D．Because they attract more community participation. 4．What does the author imply in the last paragraph? A．Growth and green goals can go together. B．Cities must stop growing to save nature. C．Few cities succeed in fixing urban heat islands. D．Community involvement solves urban heat issues. 押题4 词数 话题 体裁 考点 押题理由 367 南极半岛因极端高温事件，植被正以惊人速度扩张，导致“南极变绿”的现象，以及这一变化对当地生态和未来景观的潜在影响 说明文 细节理解、推理判断 主旨大意。 随着自然环境的变化，人类生存的环境也发生了巨大变化，人类为了更好的生存，采用科技手段改善生存环境。科技与应对环境变化类阅读理解文章成为热门话题，在考试中占有重要地位。 Parts of icy Antarctica are turning green with plant life at an alarming rate as the region is struck by extreme heat events, according to new research, raising concerns about the changing landscape on this vast continent. Vegetation (植被) covered less than 0.4 square miles of the Antarctic Peninsula in 1986 but had reached almost 5 square miles by 2021, the study found. The rate at which the region has been greening over nearly four decades has also been speeding up, increasing by more than 30% between 2016 and 2021. “While the landscape is still almost entirely snow, ice and rock, this small, green area has grown dramatically since the mid 1980s,” said Thomas Roland, an environmental scientist at the University of Exeter. “Our findings confirm that the influence of climate change caused by humans has no limit in its reach. Even on the Antarctic Peninsula — this most extreme, remote and isolated ‘wilderness’ region — the landscape is changing, and these effects are visible from space.” Antarctica, the coldest place on Earth, has recently been struck by extreme heat events. This summer, parts of the continent experienced a record-breaking heat wave with temperatures climbing up to 50℉ above normal from mid-July. In March 2022, temperatures in some parts of the continent reached up to 70°F above normal, the most extreme temperature departures ever recorded in this part of the planet. The more the Peninsula greens, the more soil will form and the more likely the region will become more favorable for invasive (侵入的) species, potentially threatening native wildlife. “Seeds, spores (孢子) and plant parts can readily find their way to the Antarctic Peninsula on the boots or equipment of tourists and researchers, or via more ‘traditional’ routes associated with migrating birds and the wind, so the risk here is clear,” Roland said. “These impacts would likely only be local, but could help further speed up the growth of plant life as the climate continues to warm,” said Olly Bartlett, a senior lecturer in remote sensing and geography at the University of Hertfordshire. “This landscape could be changed forever, making it impossible for future generations to see the beautiful ice-covered Antarctica we know today.” 1．How does the author develop paragraph 2? A．By providing examples. B．By clarifying a theory. C．By making comparisons. D．By following the time order. 2．What message does Roland convey in paragraph 3? A．More data collected from space is needed. B．Antarctica will become liveable in the near future. C．Snow and ice on Antarctica will completely disappear. D．Human activities can affect the environment enormously. 3．What is Olly Bartlett’s attitude to Antarctica’s changes? A．Hopeful. B．Alarmed. C．Uncaring. D．Unclear. 4．What can be the best title for the text? A．Human Activities Greatly Impact Antarctica B．Antarctica Is Turning Green at a Dramatic Rate C．Climate Change Threatens Antarctica’s Tourism D．New Species Appear on the Antarctic Peninsula 六、科技与固碳、减排类 押题1 词数 话题 体裁 考点 押题理由 266 中国农业大学科研团队2026年发布的新型农田固碳微生物菌剂，阐述了其固碳原理、核心优势与试点应用情况，为农业碳中和提供了低成本、高效率的解决方案 说明文 细节理解 推理判断 随着人类生存环境的不断恶化，节能减排成为世界各国关注的问题。其中固碳技术及其他减排技术成为科技文阅读的新方向。科技与固碳、减排类阅读理解文章成为热门话题，在考试中占有重要地位。 A research team from China Agricultural University has developed a new type of carbon-sequestration microbial (微生物的) bacterial agent, a key breakthrough that provides a low-cost, high-efficiency solution for agricultural carbon neutrality. The research results were published in the international academic journal Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment in February 2026. Unlike traditional farmland management methods that rely on chemical fertilizers to increase production, the new bacterial agent uses beneficial soil bacteria to capture and fix carbon dioxide in the air into the soil through photosynthesis and microbial metabolism (新陈代谢). While fixing carbon, the bacteria can also break down nutrients in the soil, improve soil fertility, and reduce the use of chemical fertilizers by up to 35%. The three-year field experiment data shows that farmland using the bacterial agent can sequester an extra 8.2 tons of carbon per hectare every year, which is 4 times higher than the carbon sequestration efficiency of traditional straw returning to the field. What’s more, the agent is made from agricultural by-products such as soybean meal and corn straw, with a production cost 25% lower than similar products on the market, making it easy to promote in large-scale farmland. “This technology solves two core pain points of agricultural carbon reduction: high cost and low efficiency,” said Professor Li Ming, the lead researcher of the team. “It can not only help farmers reduce costs and increase production, but also make a huge contribution to the national ‘dual carbon’ goal.” At present, the bacterial agent has been piloted in 12 major grain-producing provinces across the country, with a total application area of 153,000 hectares. 1．What is the core function of the new bacterial agent? A．To speed up the growth cycle of crops B．To reduce the use of agricultural irrigation water C．To kill harmful bacteria in the soil completely D．To capture and fix carbon dioxide into farmland soil 2．What is an advantage of the new bacterial agent over traditional methods? A．It doesn’t need any field experiments B．It has a much lower production cost C．It can fully replace chemical fertilizers D．It has been used all over the country 3．What can we infer from Professor Li Ming’s words? A．The technology is not suitable for small-scale farmers B．The technology will soon solve global climate change C．The technology still has unsolvable technical problems D．The technology has both economic and environmental benefits 4．What is the main function of the last paragraph? A．To explain the detailed production process of the bacterial agent B．To introduce the wide global application of the new technology C．To summarize the core working principle of the bacterial agent D．To present expert evaluation and promotion status of the innovation 押题2 词数 话题 体裁 考点 押题理由 358 AI垃圾分类系统成为全球低碳城市建设的核心解决方案，其相较传统人工分类优势显著，已在我国200多个城市推广，未来结合5G和大数据将实现更智能的垃圾管理 说明文 细节理解 推理判断 猜测词义 随着人类生存环境的不断恶化，节能减排成为世界各国关注的问题。其中固碳技术及其他减排技术成为科技文阅读的新方向。科技与固碳、减排类阅读理解文章成为热门话题，在考试中占有重要地位。 As cities worldwide struggle to hit carbon neutrality (碳中和) goals and handle the growing urban waste problem, AI-powered waste-sorting systems have become a core solution to lift recycling efficiency and ease environmental pressure in recent years. With the rapid development of urbanization, the amount of urban household and industrial waste is rising year by year, and traditional waste sorting methods can no longer meet the demands of green and low-carbon city development, pushing the wide application of intelligent waste-sorting technology. Traditional waste sorting relies mainly on manual work, with cleaners and volunteers sorting different waste types by hand at community and public waste stations. This method is not only slow and inefficient, especially during peak waste disposal hours, but also has a high error rate due to the lack of professional sorting knowledge, failing to meet modern cities’ high-standard recycling needs. The new AI waste-sorting system uses high-definition cameras and intelligent sensors to identify waste types in seconds, with advanced image recognition technology telling plastic, paper, glass and metal apart clearly and accurately, then guiding intelligent sorting bins to divide waste automatically and quickly. The system has been successfully tested and promoted in over 200 Chinese cities, covering first-tier metropolises like Beijing and Shanghai as well as medium and small-sized cities in the central and western regions. Official data shows it raises recycling accuracy to 98%, cuts labor costs by over 60% for environmental departments and greatly reduces landfill (垃圾填埋场) waste by boosting the recycling rate of recyclable waste. Smart bins connected to the AI system also send real-time data on waste generation and sorting to local environmental departments, helping governments make scientific and targeted waste-management plans. Scientists note the AI waste-sorting technology is still in continuous development. In the near future, it will work with 5G and big data technology to build smarter waste-treatment systems, realizing whole-process intelligent management of waste from generation to recycling. This technological integration is not only the key to building low-carbon and eco-friendly cities, but also an important measure to protect natural resources and promote sustainable social development, providing a new technical path for cities to achieve environmental protection goals. 1．What is the disadvantage of traditional waste sorting? A．It costs too much money. B．It is slow and easy to error. C．It needs too many machines. D．It produces harmful things. 2．What can we infer from Paragraph 3? A．The AI system is widely and effectively used. B．The AI system needs further testing in cities. C．Labor costs are still high for waste sorting. D．Landfill waste has been completely solved. 3．What does the underlined word “it” refer to? A．The labor cost. B．The AI system. C．The landfill waste. D．The test result. 4．Where is the text most probably taken from? A．A travel guidebook. B．A science news report. C．A fashion magazine. D．A history textbook. 押题3 词数 话题 体裁 考点 押题理由 347 剑桥大学研发的金属有机框架（MOFs）材料在高效捕碳方面的突破及应用前景 说明文 细节理解 推理判断 主旨大意 随着人类生存环境的不断恶化，节能减排成为世界各国关注的问题。其中固碳技术及其他减排技术成为科技文阅读的新方向。科技与固碳、减排类阅读理解文章成为热门话题，在考试中占有重要地位。 Scientists have recently developed a groundbreaking carbon capture material using metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) to achieve highly efficient carbon dioxide adsorption (吸附) under normal temperature and pressure, with energy consumption reduced by 90% compared to traditional methods. This breakthrough, led by a research team from Cambridge University, offers a revolutionary solution for industrial emission reduction and could become a critical component in global decarbonization efforts. Traditional carbon capture methods rely on amine solution (胺溶液) adsorption, which requires high temperatures and pressures, consuming significant energy and causing damage to equipment. In contrast, the new MOF-based material employs precisely engineered porous crystal structures to selectively adsorb CO2 under surrounding conditions. “The adsorption efficiency is 20 times higher than that of conventional materials, and the material can be reused over 1,000 cycles,” explained Alex Rodriguez, the lead researcher. Experimental data revealed that the material achieved a single capture efficiency of 98% in man-made flue gas from coal-fired power plants, far above industry averages. The core innovation lies in the MOFs’ “molecular sieve” properties. Researchers finely adjusted the rate of metal nodes (节点) to organic linkers, creating 0.35-nanometer holes that precisely accommodate CO2 molecules while excluding nitrogen, oxygen, and other irrelevant components. Remarkably, material regeneration requires only normal-temperature cleaning, removing the need for energy-intensive heating during desorption. This approach theoretically reduces the cost of capturing one ton of CO2 to $15. Beyond its technical superiority, the material boasts economic and environmental benefits. Made from sand-originated silicon and eco-friendly polymers, its production costs are 30% lower than traditional methods. Partnering with industrial giant Siemens, the team has launched pilot lines capable of mass-producing kilometer-long adsorbent sheets. “This isn’t lab-bound tech—we’re already installing systems in cement plants,” noted Alex Rodriguez. Looking ahead, the technology holds promise for stabilizing renewable energy grids by storing solar or wind power as compressed CO2. Its closed-loop recyclability also removes electronic waste concerns. “A fireproof, paper-thin material that’s cheaper than conventional batteries,” summarized Alex Rodriguez. “As steelmakers and energy providers line up for licensing, this MOF-based breakthrough is likely to rewrite the rules of carbon management.” 1．What is paragraph 2 mainly about concerning MOF-based material? A．Its basic components. B．Its excellent ability to capture CO2. C．Its complex production process. D．Its unique principle of regenerating CO2. 2．What do we know about MOFs’ “molecular sieve”? A．It requires high energy to operate. B．It distinguishes CO2 from other gases. C．It needs high temperature to store CO2. D．It creates large holes for gas capture. 3．What can be inferred about MOF-based technology according to Alex Rodriguez? A．It is still at the testing stage. B．It raises concerns about energy waste. C．It will replace conventional batteries. D．It has a great potential for applications. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Challenges of Carbon Capture B．Innovations in Energy-saving Technology C．MOFs: A Carbon Adsorption Breakthrough D．MOFs: The Future of Clean Energy Storage 4 / 4 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 考前猜押 阅读理解科普说明文（研究报告） 1.押题指导原则： 2026年教育部命题指导思想：优化试题呈现方式和素材选取，融入科技前沿动态，浸润人文教育元素，加强项目式、探究式的真实情境问题设计，更好考查学生关键能力、学科素养和思维品质。 2.押题依据分析： 猜押考点 3年真题 词数 话题 考情分析 押题 依据 阅读理解 科普 说明文 2026年浙江首考阅读理解D D315 D篇AI辅助植物碳封存来增加碳储存量 新高考阅读理解科普说明文特点：英语阅读理解试题总是在D篇设置思维能力较强的自然科学方面的文章，试题循着“了解现状—聚焦问题—分析原因—提出建议”的逻辑进行设计，考查学生对每个环节关键内容的准确理解，引导学生培养科学探究精神，提升发现问题、分析问题、解决问题的能力。鲜明地彰显了命题人旨在培养新一代青年学子独立思考、理性判断的教育导向，体现了国家对理科基础教育的重视。 高考说明文体裁的阅读材料通常多为科普读物(包括介绍最新科技、重大成就等)、自然现象等等。说明文的总体结构通常分为三个部分：说明对象、说明过程和归纳总结。 2025年全国一卷阅读D篇 D330 D篇减少自来水中微塑料污染的新研究 2024年新高考Ⅰ卷阅读D篇 D370 D篇数字生物多样性记录存在偏见 2023年新高考Ⅱ卷阅读D篇 D318 D篇保护城市中的野生自然 押题预测目录 一、科技与可持续性新能源发展 二、科技与电子垃圾类 三、科技与处理微塑料污染类 四、科技与应对气候变化类 五、科技与应对环境变化类 六、科技与固碳、减排类 一、科技与可持续性新能源发展 押题1 词数 话题 体裁 考点 押题理由 334 水集成漂浮式水滴发电装置（W-DEG）利用雨水发电的原理、优势及未来研究方向 说明文 细节理解 推理判断 可持续性新能源类说明文是英语阅读理解中的重要题型，掌握其结构、语言特点和常见话题是提高成绩的关键。此类话题是高考命题常用的素材，全球都在关注新能力的发展。 Raindrops are more than a source of fresh water. They also carry mechanical energy that can be used for free. A research team from Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics has developed a water-integrated floating droplet electricity generator (W-DEG) that uses natural water as part of its structure, offering clean energy harvesting. Unlike conventional DEGs, which rely on solid ground substance and costly metal parts, the new design allows the device to float on water. When a raindrop lands on the floating dielectric film (电介质膜), the water beneath it provides the strength needed to absorb the impact because of its surface tension. This lets the droplet spread more effectively across the surface. At the same time, the water layer operates as a reliable electrical conductor. This nature-integrated design cuts the device’s weight by about 80 percent and lowers the cost by about 50 percent while maintaining similar electrical output compared to conventional systems. Tests showed that the W-DEG continued to function under diverse temperatures and salt levels, and even in natural lake water. These should be put down to its chemically inert (惰性的) dielectric layer and its naturally flexible water-based structure. To improve reliability further, the team used water’s strong surface tension to design holes that let water move downward. This creates a self-adjusting way to stop water from building up that could affect performance. The system also charged capacitors (电容器) to useful electric tension only within minutes, showing its potential for powering small electronics and wireless sensors. Moreover, with continued development, similar systems could be positioned on lakes or coastal waters, providing renewable electricity without using any land-based space. Although the laboratory results are encouraging, extending the service life of large dielectric films in dynamic outdoor conditions will also require further engineering. “By letting water itself play both structural and electrical roles, we’ve opened the door to land free systems that can supplement other renewable technologies like solar and wind.” Professor Wanlin Guo, a corresponding author of the study said. 1．What is W-DEG aimed at? A．Improving electrical conductors. B．Generating power from raindrops. C．Increasing power storage capacity. D．Turning raindrops into green energy. 2．Why did the research team design the holes in the W-DEG? A．To make the device lighter. B．To produce more electricity. C．To prevent the standing water. D．To allow water into the device. 3．What is an advantage of W-DEG according to Paragraph 4? A．Easy operation. B．Low construction cost. C．Stable performance. D．Rapid charging capability. 4．What might be a direction of the follow-up research? A．Cost reduction. B．Material recycling. C．Durability enhancement. D．Structural transformation. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．C 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了南京航空航天大学团队研发的水集成漂浮式水滴发电装置（W-DEG）利用雨水发电的原理、优势及未来研究方向。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“A research team from Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics has developed a water-integrated floating droplet electricity generator (W-DEG) that uses natural water as part of its structure, offering clean energy harvesting.(南京航空航天大学的一个研究小组开发了一种水集成漂浮式水滴发电装置（W-DEG），它利用天然水作为其结构的一部分，提供清洁能源收集。)”可知，W-DEG旨在利用雨水发电。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“To improve reliability further, the team used water’s strong surface tension to design holes that let water move downward. This creates a self-adjusting way to stop water from building up that could affect performance.(为了进一步提高可靠性，该团队利用水强大的表面张力来设计一些孔洞，使水能够向下流动。这样就形成了一种能够自动调节的机制，以防止水积聚从而影响性能。)”可知，研究团队在W-DEG中设计孔是为了防止积水。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“The system also charged capacitors (电容器) to useful electric tension only within minutes, showing its potential for powering small electronics and wireless sensors.(该系统还能在短短几分钟内将电容器充电至有效电压，展现出为小型电子设备和无线传感器供电的潜力。)”可知，W-DEG的优势是快速充电能力。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Although the laboratory results are encouraging, extending the service life of large dielectric films in dynamic outdoor conditions will also require further engineering.(尽管实验室结果令人鼓舞，但在动态户外条件下延长大型介电薄膜的使用寿命还需要进一步的工程研究。)”可知，后续研究的方向可能是提高耐久性。故选C。 押题2 词数 话题 体裁 考点 押题理由 375 由蓝绿藻驱动的计算机微处理器系统，该系统能长时间运行，展示了生物能源的潜力 说明文 细节理解、推理判断、主旨大意。 可持续性新能源类说明文是英语阅读理解中的重要题型，掌握其结构、语言特点和常见话题是提高成绩的关键。此类话题是高考命题常用的素材，全球都在关注新能力的发展。 A colorful colony of photosynthetic (光合的) cyanobacteria, known as blue-green algae (藻), has successfully powered a computer microprocessor for more than six months, according to a study published in the journal Energy & Environmental Science. The algae-computer system was placed in the window of biochemist Paolo Bombell’s home. What he saw next really blew his mind: It sat there from February to August, and all the while it was working. And even after the microprocessor has been disconnected, the cyanobacteria device continues to produce current. “Given the right conditions of light, temperature and water, I cannot predict when it will stop,” said Bombelli. Cyanobacteria harvest energy from sunlight and make it into food for themselves. For this study, the researchers put the power-providing microorganisms into a plastic and steel enclosure, about the size of an AA battery, along with an aluminum anode (铝正极). Throughout the experiment, the connected microprocessor was programmed to do a bunch of calculations, and then check its own work. It did this in a 45-minute period, followed by 15 minutes of standby, continuously for months with the cyanobacteria unit as its only power source. Even though the algae rely on a light source to feed, the bio-system continued to produce enough power to run the microprocessor in the dark. The scientists basically put down this phenomenon to leftovers. When there was light, the cyanobacteria cooked up an over-abundance of food, and when it was dark the microorganisms kept chewing on the extras. According to Chris Howe, senior author of the study, the results suggest that the little bio-based battery alternative could serve as a way to power small electronics without rare earth elements, which are in short supply and under growing demand. Plus, the system could also help bridge the electricity divide, providing another power supply for people in rural areas or low-income countries. Though the experiment’s results are promising, it’s important to keep in mind that the computer processor tested uses very little energy — requiring only 0.3 microwatts to run. More research is needed to know exactly how much the tiny AA-battery-sized device could scale up. Howe said, Putting one on your roof isn’t going to provide the power supply for your house at this stage.” 1．Which of the following facts about the algae-computer system surprised Bombelli? A．It can function without water. B．It can convert light into power. C．It can work for a long time. D．It can stand high temperatures. 2．What can we learn about the bio-system from paragraph 4? A．It stores light for later use. B．It works normally in the dark. C．It consumes little food in the dark. D．It produces food for people. 3．What will the research focus on next? A．How the device will work on the roof B．Whether the device’s size can be reduced. C．Whether the device can play a bigger role. D．How the device will adapt to new environments. 4．What is the best title for the passage? A．The Future of Household Electricity Supply B．Blue-Green Algae: A New Source of Food C．An Algae-Powered Device Runs Computer for Months D．A Promising Bio-Battery Creates the Miracle 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．C 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一种由蓝绿藻驱动的计算机微处理器系统，该系统能长时间运行，展示了生物能源的潜力。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“What he saw next really blew his mind: It sat there from February to August, and all the while it was working.(接下来他所看到的让他大吃一惊：它从二月待到八月，而且一直在工作)”可知，让Bombelli感到惊讶的是藻类计算机系统能长时间工作。故选C项。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段“Even though the algae rely on a light source to feed, the bio-system continued to produce enough power to run the microprocessor in the dark.(尽管藻类依靠光源来获取食物，但生物系统在黑暗中仍能继续产生足够的电力来运行微处理器)”可知，生物系统在黑暗中能正常工作。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Though the experiment’s results are promising, it’s important to keep in mind that the computer processor tested uses very little energy — requiring only 0.3 microwatts to run. More research is needed to know exactly how much the tiny AA-battery-sized device could scale up.(尽管实验结果很有希望，但重要的是要记住，测试的计算机处理器消耗的能量非常少——运行仅需要0.3微瓦。需要更多的研究来确切知道这个微小的AA电池大小的设备能扩大到什么程度)”可知，接下来的研究将关注这个设备是否能发挥更大的作用。故选C项。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“A colorful colony of photosynthetic (光合的) cyanobacteria, known as blue-green algae (藻), has successfully powered a computer microprocessor for more than six months, according to a study published in the journal Energy & Environmental Science. (根据发表在《能源与环境科学》杂志上的一项研究，一种被称为蓝绿藻的光合蓝细菌的彩色菌落，已经成功地为计算机微处理器供电六个多月)”可知，本文主要介绍了一种由蓝绿藻驱动的计算机微处理器系统能长时间运行，因此最佳标题是“An Algae-Powered Device Runs Computer for Months (一个由藻类驱动的设备为计算机运行数月)”。故选C项。 押题3 词数 话题 体裁 考点 押题理由 336 将食物垃圾转化为可持续航空燃料的研究 说明文 细节理解、推理判断、主旨大意。 可持续性新能源类说明文是英语阅读理解中的重要题型，掌握其结构、语言特点和常见话题是提高成绩的关键。此类话题是高考命题常用的素材，全球都在关注新能力的发展。 One person’s trash is another person’s… jet fuel? Strange as it might sound, researchers at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign outlined a strategy for turning excess food waste into sustainable aviation fuel (SAF), which largely refers to fuels extracted from organic materials. The fuel can go straight into a plane without additional changes to the aircraft’s basic facilities. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) estimates that transportation accounted for roughly 29 percent of US greenhouse gas emissions in 2022 alone. Modern cars have reduced emissions in recent years, in part thanks to the shift toward electric battery power, while battery-powered airplanes don’t provide enough energy to power a large size and long flight time of passenger jet. As a result, jets have fallen behind cars in reducing emissions. In the experiment, the team started by collecting food waste from food-processing plants. They then used a chemical process called hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) to extract crude oil (原油) from the food waste. After that, they removed the impurities and other undesirable elements through a two-part process. What remained were then refined into jet fuel, SAF. The fuel passed the screening test and met industry requirements. Some estimates suggest that SAF could reduce emissions by up to 80 percent, compared to conventional jet fuel. The finding opens up the possibility to help the aviation industry achieve net-zero carbon emissions within the next three decades. “In a linear economy, we just produce something, use it, and throw it away. In this project, we take the waste and recover the energy and materials to make a usable product. This fills a missing link in the circular economy,” the professor Yuanhui Zhang in the university said. The research helps solve the science and engineering problems. It is a first step to show aviation fuel extracted from food waste is possible. Actually making enough of it to supply an entire passenger jet, however, is another beast altogether. Scaling up at this level needs time, resources, and deep pockets outside of academia. 1．How does the author present the need to solve aircraft pollution? A．By giving examples. B．By quoting an expert. C．By defining a concept. D．By making a comparison. 2．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．Why HTL is used. B．How SAF is made. C．What biofuel refers to. D．Where crude oil is from. 3．Why does the author quote Yuanhui Zhang’s words? A．To define a new type of economy model. B．To present the test results of the jet fuel. C．To stress the sustainability of SAF production. D．To confirm SAF’s effect on emission reduction. 4．What can we learn about the new fuel according to the last paragraph? A．Its application is around the corner. B．Its academic research hits a bottleneck. C．Its mass production needs much investment. D．Its success relies on international cooperation. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．C 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项将食物垃圾转化为可持续航空燃料的研究，阐述了其制作过程、环保意义以及规模化生产面临的挑战。 1．推理判断题。根据第2段中“Modern cars have reduced emissions in recent years, in part thanks to the shift toward electric battery power, while battery-powered airplanes don’t provide enough energy to power a large size and long flight time of passenger jet. As a result, jets have fallen behind cars in reducing emissions.(近年来，现代汽车减少了排放，部分原因在于向电动电池动力的转变，而电池驱动的飞机无法为大型且飞行时间长的客机提供足够的动力。因此，飞机在减少排放方面已经落后于汽车。)”可知，作者将飞机与汽车在减排方面的进展进行了对比，从而说明解决飞机污染的必要性。故选D。 2．主旨大意题。根据第3段中“In the experiment, the team started by collecting food waste(在实验中，研究团队首先收集食物垃圾)”，“They then used a chemical process called hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) to extract crude oil from the food waste. After that, they removed the impurities(然后，他们使用一种称为水热液化(HTL)的化学过程从食物垃圾中提取原油。之后，他们通过一个分为两个部分的过程去除杂质)”和“What remained were then refined into jet fuel, SAF.(剩下的部分随后被提炼成航空燃料，即SAF。)”可知，本段详细描述了从食物垃圾到SAF燃料的逐步制作过程。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据第4段中Yuanhui Zhang所说的话“In a linear economy, we just produce something, use it, and throw it away. In this project, we take the waste and recover the energy and materials to make a usable product. This fills a missing link in the circular economy.(在线性经济中，我们只是生产、使用，然后丢弃。在这个项目中，我们利用废弃物，回收能源和材料来制造可用的产品。这填补了循环经济中缺失的一环。)”可知，引用该专家的话是为了强调这项技术将废物转化为有用产品的可持续性，即SAF生产过程的可持续性。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Scaling up at this level needs time, resources, and deep pockets outside of academia.(在这一水平上扩大规模需要时间、资源以及学术界之外雄厚的资金支持。)”可知，大规模生产需要大量（时间、资源、资金的）投入。故选C。 押题4 词数 话题 体裁 考点 押题理由 298 可再生能源发展情况及意义 说明文 细节理解、推理判断、词义猜测。 可持续性新能源类说明文是英语阅读理解中的重要题型，掌握其结构、语言特点和常见话题是提高成绩的关键。此类话题是高考命题常用的素材，全球都在关注新能力的发展。 A report from Ember, a research group, found that in the first half of 2025, renewable energy produced more electricity than coal did across the world. Renewable energy comes from natural sources that don’t run out, such as the Sun or wind. Coal has been the main way to make electricity on Earth for more than 100 years. Formed over millions of years from dead plant matter, the black lump is burned in power stations to heat water and create steam. This turns structures called turbines (涡轮机), and the energy from the movement is turned into electricity. When coal is burned, it releases gases including carbon dioxide, which contributes to climate change. Scientists say humans must reduce their use of fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, and gas, in order to stop climate change from getting worse. One step people are taking is using electric vehicles instead of cars fueled by gas. But if the electricity used to charge the vehicles is still generated from coal, it will not be beneficial to the planet. The first half of 2025 marked a milestone in global energy: renewable sources accounted for 34.3% of electricity generation, exceeding coal at 33.1%. This change was primarily driven by reduced coal use in China and India, the world’s top electricity consumers. Critically, this development contributed to a 4.5% drop in power sector carbon emissions globally, showing its environmental impact. The growth was led by a rapid growth in solar and wind, which together supplied a record 18.2% of global electricity, with China alone accounting for over half of the new solar capacity. “We are seeing the first signs of a crucial shift,” said Malgorzata Wiatros-Motyka from Ember. “Solar and wind are now growing fast enough to meet the world’s growing appetite for electricity.” 1．What do the underlined words “the black lump” in paragraph 1 refer to? A．Solid coal. B．Dead plant matter. C．Power from turbines. D．Energy from the movement. 2．Why do scientists suggest reducing the use of fossil fuels? A．To make electric vehicles more popular. B．To lower the cost of generating electricity. C．To prevent the worsening of climate change. D．To better study the effects of carbon dioxide. 3．How does the author support the main argument in paragraph 3? A．By sharing personal stories. B．By detailing new technologies. C．By quoting leading energy experts. D．By listing key data and national cases. 4．What is the main message conveyed by Malgorzata Wiatros-Motyka? A．Global electricity demand is expected to decline soon. B．The transition to renewable energy is becoming a reality. C．Coal will remain the dominant energy source for decades. D．Renewable energy is insufficient for future electricity needs. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．B 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍研究小组Ember的报告显示，2025年上半年全球可再生能源发电量首次超过煤炭发电量，阐述了煤炭发电原理、危害，以及可再生能源发展情况及意义。 1．词句猜测题。根据第一段中的“Coal has been the main way to make electricity on Earth for more than 100 years. Formed over millions of years from dead plant matter, the black lump is burned in power stations to heat water and create steam.(100多年来，煤炭一直是地球上发电的主要方式。the black lump由死亡的植物物质经过数百万年形成，在发电站中燃烧以加热水并产生蒸汽)”可知，这里描述的是煤炭的形成及用途，所以“the black lump”指的是固体煤炭，故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Scientists say humans must reduce their use of fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, and gas, in order to stop climate change from getting worse.(科学家表示，人类必须减少对煤炭、石油和天然气等化石燃料的使用，以阻止气候变化恶化)”可知，科学家建议减少使用化石燃料是为了防止气候变化加剧，故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段“The first half of 2025 marked a milestone in global energy: renewable sources accounted for 34.3% of electricity generation, exceeding coal at 33.1%. This change was primarily driven by reduced coal use in China and India, the world’s top electricity consumers. Critically, this development contributed to a 4.5% drop in power sector carbon emissions globally, showing its environmental impact. The growth was led by a rapid growth in solar and wind, which together supplied a record 18.2% of global electricity, with China alone accounting for over half of the new solar capacity.(2025年上半年标志着全球能源领域的一个里程碑：可再生能源发电量占比达34.3%，超过了煤炭的33.1% 。这一变化主要是由全球最大的电力消费国中国和印度减少煤炭使用所推动的。至关重要的是，这一发展使得全球电力行业的碳排放量下降了4.5%，彰显了其对环境的积极影响。增长的主要动力来自太阳能和风能的快速发展，二者共同提供了创纪录的18.2%的全球电力供应，仅中国新增的太阳能装机容量就占新增总量的一半以上)”可知，第三段通过列举关键数据和国家案例来支持主要论点，故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段““We are seeing the first signs of a crucial shift,” said Malgorzata Wiatros-Motyka from Ember. “Solar and wind are now growing fast enough to meet the world’s growing appetite for electricity.(安波（Ember）的Malgorzata Wiatros-Motyka说：“我们看到了关键转变的最初迹象。太阳能和风能现在的增长速度足以满足世界对电力日益增长的需求”)”可知，Malgorzata Wiatros-Motyka传达的主要信息是向可再生能源的转变正在成为现实，故选B项。 二、科技与电子垃圾类 押题1 词数 话题 体裁 考点 押题理由 310 人工智能增加电子垃圾 说明文 细节理解、词句猜测、主旨大意。 电子垃圾类说明文是英语阅读理解中的重要题型，掌握其结构、语言特点和常见话题是提高成绩的关键。此类话题是高考命题常用的素材，人工智能增加了电子垃圾。 Every time generative artificial intelligence drafts an e-mail or makes an image, the planet pays for it. AI consumes much electricity. And a recent research identifies another concern: AI’s contribution to the world’s mounting mass of electronic waste. The study found that generative AI applications alone could add 1. 2 million to 5 million metric tons of trash to the planet by 2030, which definitely exacerbates the global e-waste problem. However, few countries legally require proper handling of e-waste, and those that do often fail to apply their existing laws on it. Twenty-five U. S. states have e-waste management policies, but there is no law that requires electronics recycling. In 2024 Ed Markey introduced a bill that would require agencies to develop standards for AI’s environmental impacts, including e-waste, but it has not passed. Some countries propose a reporting system, but it would be voluntary. Worse still, some countries even witness the absence of relevant laws. There are still solutions. Companies that use AI have a great number of options to limit e-waste. It’s possible to make hardware last longer through regular checks and updates, reuse old devices for less demanding tasks, or fix and reuse old parts—this cuts waste by 42%. Combining these with more efficient chip and program design could reduce e-waste by 86%. Yet there’s another wrinkle as well: AI products tend to be trickier to recycle than standard electronics. “The core issue lies in the fact that the former are often loaded with private user information that demands secure handling,” says Kees Balde, an e-waste researcher. He also points out tech giants like Microsoft and Google have the financial resources to both wipe such data and properly treatment of their electronics. “Undoubtedly, this process adds to the overall expense,” Balde comments on large-scale e-waste recycling, “but the benefits to the public far outweigh the costs involved.” 1．What does the underlined word “exacerbates” in paragraph 1 mean? A．Eliminates. B．Worsens. C．Causes. D．Tackles. 2．What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A．How countries cope with e-waste. B．The harm caused by global e-waste. C．Global e-waste management is poorly regulated. D．What individuals should do to approach e-waste. 3．How can companies reduce e-waste? A．By designing more efficient chips and programs. B．By cooperating with e-waste recycling organizations. C．By extending hardware life-span and design efficiency. D．By prohibiting the development of new AI technologies. 4．What makes AI products harder to recycle? A．Its insecure handling procedures. B．Its more complex hardware structures. C．Its tendency to get infected with virus. D．Its substantial customers’ data storage. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．D 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章指出生成式人工智能加剧全球电子垃圾问题，分析了其监管漏洞、解决办法等相关问题。 1．词句猜测题。根据第一段“The study found that generative AI applications alone could add 1.2 million to 5 million metric tons of trash to the planet by  2030, which definitely exacerbates the global e-waste problem. (研究发现，到2030年，仅生成式人工智能应用就可能给地球增加120万至500万吨的垃圾，这无疑会exacerbates全球电子垃圾问题。) 可知，exacerbates意为“加剧，恶化”。故选B。 2．主旨大意题。根据第二段中“However, few countries legally require proper handling of e-waste, and those that do often fail to apply their existing laws on it. (然而，很少有国家在法律上要求妥善处理电子垃圾，而那些这样做的国家往往未能实施现有的法律。)”以及后文对各国在电子垃圾管理方面的不足的描述可知，本段主要讲了全球电子垃圾管理不善的问题。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“It's possible to make hardware last longer through regular checks and updates, reuse old devices for less demanding tasks, or fix and reuse old parts — this cuts waste by 42%. Combining these with more efficient chip and program design could reduce e-waste by 86%. (通过定期检查和更新来延长硬件使用寿命、将旧设备用于要求较低的任务、或者修复和重复使用旧部件——这可以减少42%的浪费。将这些方法与更高效的芯片和程序设计相结合，可以减少86%的电子垃圾。)”可知，企业减少电子垃圾的方式是 “延长硬件使用寿命” 与 “设计更高效的芯片和程序” 相结合。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“‘The core issue lies in the fact that the former are often loaded with private user information that demands secure handling, ’says Kees Balde, an e-waste researcher. (Kees Balde，一位电子垃圾研究员说：‘核心问题在于，前者通常装载着需要安全处理的私人用户信息。’) ”可知，AI 产品比普通电子产品更难回收的核心原因是其存储了大量用户隐私数据，需要安全处理。故选D。 押题2 词数 话题 体裁 考点 押题理由 290 回收利用废旧锂电池变得至关重要，它既能减少环境危害又能节约资源，尽管面临挑战，但仍是未来的经济机遇 说明文 细节理解、推理判断、 电子垃圾类说明文是英语阅读理解中的重要题型，掌握其结构、语言特点和常见话题是提高成绩的关键。此类话题是高考命题常用的素材，人工智能增加了电子垃圾。 The rapid rise of electric vehicles and portable electronics has made lithium a critical resource. As the world moves toward clean energy, recycling used lithium batteries has become essential. New research from Edith Cowan University (ECU) shows that using old batteries as a secondary source of lithium not only reduces environmental harm but also ensures a steady supply of this valuable material, supporting a sustainable future. Experts predict the global lithium-ion battery market will grow quickly, reaching billions of dollars in value within a few years. However, most batteries are discarded while still holding a large amount of usable energy. In fact, when batteries are no longer suitable for electric vehicles, they often retain up to 80 percent of their lithium capacity. Instead of being wasted, these batteries could be recycled to recover lithium, nickel, and cobalt. Recycling offers clear environmental advantages compared to traditional mining. Mining lithium causes significant land damage, water pollution, and high carbon emissions. In contrast, recycling produces far fewer greenhouse gases, uses less energy and water, and avoids harmful chemical releases. Additionally, the lithium recovered through recycling is already highly purified, saving further processing costs. Despite these benefits, challenges remain. The fast pace of technological innovation makes it difficult for policies and recycling methods to keep up. Moreover, the changing chemical composition of batteries complicates the recycling process. To build a successful circular economy, investment in proper infrastructure is urgently needed. Fortunately, some companies are already exploring effective ways to recycle batteries and turn waste into wealth. In conclusion, recycling “dead” batteries is not just an environmental necessity but also an economic opportunity. By addressing current challenges and investing in better systems, we can reduce pollution, save resources, and create a cleaner, more sustainable world. 1．What is the main advantage of recycling lithium batteries mentioned in the text? A．It increases the speed of electric vehicles. B．It reduces environmental harm and saves resources. C．It makes batteries last longer in devices. D．It lowers the cost of producing new electronics. 2．Why are many discarded batteries still valuable? A．They contain rare metals like gold and silver. B．They can be directly reused in electric vehicles. C．They still hold a large amount of usable energy. D．They are easier to transport than new batteries. 3．What challenge does the text highlight about battery recycling? A．There is not enough demand for recycled materials. B．Recycling plants are too far from battery users. C．People are unwilling to return old batteries. D．Policies and technology struggle to keep up with changes. 4．What can be inferred about the future of battery recycling? A．It will replace all traditional mining activities soon. B．It requires cooperation between companies and governments. C．It will become unnecessary as new energy sources emerge. D．It is only profitable in countries with large lithium reserves. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．B 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了随着电动汽车和便携式电子设备的迅速兴起，回收利用废旧锂电池变得至关重要，它既能减少环境危害又能节约资源，尽管面临挑战，但仍是未来的经济机遇。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“New research from Edith Cowan University (ECU) shows that using old batteries as a secondary source of lithium not only reduces environmental harm but also ensures a steady supply of this valuable material, supporting a sustainable future.(伊迪丝·考恩大学(ECU)的一项新研究表明，将旧电池作为锂的再生来源，不仅可以减少对环境的危害，还可以确保这种宝贵材料的稳定供应，支持可持续的未来)”可知，回收锂电池的主要优势在于减少环境危害和节约资源。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“However, most batteries are discarded while still holding a large amount of usable energy. In fact, when batteries are no longer suitable for electric vehicles, they often retain up to 80 percent of their lithium capacity.(然而，大多数电池在仍含有大量可用能量时就被丢弃了。事实上，当电池不再适合电动汽车时，它们通常仍保留高达80%的锂容量)”可知，许多废弃电池仍然有价值是因为它们仍然含有大量可用的能量。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“The fast pace of technological innovation makes it difficult for policies and recycling methods to keep up. Moreover, the changing chemical composition of batteries complicates the recycling process.(技术创新的快速发展使得政策和回收方法难以跟上。此外，电池化学成分的变化使回收过程复杂化)”可知，文本强调的电池回收面临的挑战是政策和技术难以跟上变化。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据第四段中“To build a successful circular economy, investment in proper infrastructure is urgently needed. Fortunately, some companies are already exploring effective ways to recycle batteries and turn waste into wealth.(为了建立成功的循环经济，迫切需要对适当的基础设施进行投资。幸运的是，一些公司已经在探索回收电池的有效方法，将废物变成财富)”可推知，电池回收的未来需要公司和政府之间的合作。故选B项。 三、科技与处理微塑料污染类 押题1 词数 话题 体裁 考点 押题理由 362 海洋微塑料对海洋生物和人类健康构成威胁，以及一种可降解新材料有望解决此问题 说明文 细节理解 推理判断 环境保护是当今全球关注的焦点问题之一。随着工业化、城市化的快速发展，环境污染、资源枯竭、气候变化等问题日益严重，威胁着人类的生存和发展。环境保护类说明文旨在探讨环境问题的成因、影响及解决方案，呼吁人们关注环境问题并采取行动。因此，环境保护类话题成为考试中的热门押题方向。 Ocean microplastics (微塑料) have grown into one of the top environmental threats in the 21st century, with tiny plastic pieces spreading to every corner of the global ocean at an alarming rate. These microplastics, usually less than 5 millimeters in size, come from broken-down plastic products, microbeads in daily chemicals and unprocessed industrial plastic waste. They harm sea life in various ways: many marine animals mistake them for food and eat them, leading to digestive failure and even death, and they stick to sea creatures’ bodies, affecting their normal activities and reproduction. What’s worse, microplastics enter the marine food chain and accumulate in marine organisms, finally bringing serious potential health risks to humans who eat seafood. To solve this urgent problem, an international team of scientists spent five years researching and developing a new biodegradable (可降解的) material to replace traditional petroleum-based (石油基的) plastics. The material is made from natural plant waste like corn stalks, rice straw and wheat bran — low-cost and widely available agricultural by-products that make it easy to produce on a large scale. It looks and works just like common plastic, being light, tough and waterproof, and can be processed into various daily products. Its biggest advantage is that it can break down completely in seawater within six months under the action of marine microorganisms, turning into harmless organic substances, unlike traditional plastic that stays in the ocean for hundreds of years and causes lasting pollution. Laboratory tests in different marine environments and large-scale sea trials in the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans have achieved great success. The tests prove the material is safe for all sea creatures, from tiny plankton to large marine mammals, and it does not change seawater’s natural chemical conditions like pH value and salinity. Thanks to its excellent performance and environmental friendliness, many world-famous companies in food, packaging and daily necessities industries have begun to use it for food packages, shopping bags and disposable tableware. Experts believe this material is a crucial turning point in ocean protection; with wider use, it will greatly cut plastic waste entering the ocean and help build a cleaner, healthier ocean ecosystem for humans and marine wildlife. 1．Why are ocean microplastics harmful? A．They raise the temperature of seawater. B．They destroy global food production. C．They threaten sea life and human health. D．They reduce the number of sea plants. 2．What can we infer about the new material? A．It is hard to produce in large amounts. B．It has practical use in daily life. C．It has replaced all traditional plastics. D．It can break down in any polluted water. 3．What is experts’ attitude to the new material? A．Doubtful and careful. B．Hopeful and positive. C．Worried and uncertain. D．Uninterested and calm. 4．What is the function of the first paragraph? A．To show the writing background. B．To introduce the main character. C．To describe a serious problem. D．To give some useful suggestions. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．B 4．C 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍海洋微塑料对海洋生物和人类健康构成威胁，以及一种可降解新材料有望解决此问题。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“They harm sea life in various ways: many marine animals mistake them for food and eat them, leading to digestive failure and even death, and they stick to sea creatures’ bodies, affecting their normal activities and reproduction. What’s worse, microplastics enter the marine food chain and accumulate in marine organisms, finally bringing serious potential health risks to humans who eat seafood. (它们以各种方式伤害海洋生物：许多海洋动物把它们误认为食物并吃掉，导致消化功能衰竭甚至死亡，而且它们附着在海洋生物的身体上，影响它们的正常活动和繁殖。更糟糕的是，微塑料进入海洋食物链并在海洋生物体内积累，最终给食用海鲜的人类带来严重的潜在健康风险。)”可知，海洋微塑料威胁海洋生物和人类健康，故选C项。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“It looks and works just like common plastic, being light, tough and waterproof, and can be processed into various daily products. (它看起来和普通塑料一样，重量轻、坚韧且防水，可以加工成各种日常用品。)”可知，这种新材料在日常生活中有实际用途，故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Experts believe this material is a crucial turning point in ocean protection; with wider use, it will greatly cut plastic waste entering the ocean and help build a cleaner, healthier ocean ecosystem for humans and marine wildlife. (专家认为这种材料是海洋保护的一个关键转折点；随着更广泛的使用，它将大大减少进入海洋的塑料垃圾，并有助于为人类和海洋野生动物建立一个更清洁、更健康的海洋生态系统。)”可知，专家对这种新材料持充满希望和积极的态度，故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Ocean microplastics (微塑料) have grown into one of the top environmental threats in the 21st century, with tiny plastic pieces spreading to every corner of the global ocean at an alarming rate. (海洋微塑料已成为21世纪最主要的环境威胁之一，微小的塑料碎片正以惊人的速度扩散到全球海洋的每个角落。)”可知，第一段的作用是描述一个严重的问题，故选C项。 押题2 词数 话题 体裁 考点 押题理由 302 洗碗会使塑料容器释放微塑料进入废水，虽总量相对较低、污水处理厂可去除大部分，但仍有泄漏，需从源头采取措施减少污染。 说明文 细节理解 推理判断 环境保护是当今全球关注的焦点问题之一。随着工业化、城市化的快速发展，环境污染、资源枯竭、气候变化等问题日益严重，威胁着人类的生存和发展。环境保护类说明文旨在探讨环境问题的成因、影响及解决方案，呼吁人们关注环境问题并采取行动。因此，环境保护类话题成为考试中的热门押题方向。 It’s no secret that microplastics have already come into our lives. They can stem from daily tasks like cooking and cleaning. Now, research is pointing to the previously unexplored impact of dishwashing on microplastic pollution. A new study has revealed that washing plastic containers in a dishwasher releases plastic particles (颗粒), which proceed to enter wastewater. Although the study confirmed that the release of microplastics in dishwashers is relatively low compared to other sources of microplastic pollution, it could still impose consequences on the environment. The study found that a single dishwasher cycle with a full load of common plastic items could release about 920,000 microplastic particles into wastewater. This ultimately adds up to 33 million particles per household per year globally. Although this number may sound frightening, this plastic mass only equates to “about a quarter of the weight of a grain of rice,” according to a statement on the study. Regardless, microplastics from dishwashers eventually end up in a wastewater treatment plant, which can remove more than 90 percent of microplastics from wastewater. However, the filters (过滤器) here are not perfect, as millions of microplastics can still slip through and adversely affect the environment. Even though dishwashers may not be the biggest concern in terms of microplastic pollution, the fact that millions of households regularly use them increases the environmental risks. However, strategies to limit microplastic pollution from dishwashing and other household tasks have been suggested. Filters fitted on dishwashers to catch microplastics before they enter wastewater could be a possibility in the future. “Removing this pollutant before it can enter the environment is better than taking costly measures after it has already been released,” said author Elvis Okofio, a research fellow at the University of Queensland. “Small changes can help reduce the global burden of plastic pollution.” 1．What can we learn about dishwashing from paragraph 1? A．It has grown more complicated. B．It’s a source of microplastic pollution. C．Its plastic pollution is out of control. D．It unexpectedly pollutes our kitchens. 2．What can be inferred about microplastics from dishwashers? A．Their total amount is relatively low. B．They hardly affect the environment. C．They pose a huge threat to human health. D．They contain a small number of particles. 3．What is a problem of the wastewater treatment plant? A．It fails to perfect its management. B．It does not have enough filters. C．It lets many microplastics escape. D．It can’t remove microplastics from water. 4．What is Okofio’s suggestion for limiting microplastic pollution? A．Improving filter technology. B．Stopping using plastic containers. C．Reducing the use of water. D．Preventing release from the source. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．D 【解析】这是一篇说明文。研究发现洗碗会使塑料容器释放微塑料进入废水，虽总量相对较低、污水处理厂可去除大部分，但仍有泄漏，需从源头采取措施减少污染。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Now, research is pointing to the previously unexplored impact of dishwashing on microplastic pollution.(如今，研究指出了洗碗这一行为此前未被探究的对微塑料污染的影响。)”可知，洗碗是微塑料污染的一个来源。故选B项。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段“Although the study confirmed that the release of microplastics in dishwashers is relatively low compared to other sources of microplastic pollution, it could still impose consequences on the environment.(尽管该研究证实，与其他微塑料污染源相比，洗碗机释放的微塑料量相对较低，但它仍可能对环境造成影响。)”可知，洗碗机产生的微塑料总量相较于其他污染源是偏低的。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“However, the filters (过滤器) here are not perfect, as millions of microplastics can still slip through and adversely affect the environment.(然而，这里的过滤器并不完美，仍有数百万的微塑料会渗漏过去，对环境造成不利影响。)”可知，污水处理厂的问题是会让大量微塑料逃逸到环境中。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Removing this pollutant before it can enter the environment is better than taking costly measures after it has already been released,(在污染物进入环境之前将其清除，比在其释放后采取代价高昂的措施要好，)”可知，Okofio建议从源头阻止微塑料的释放，而非事后治理。故选D项。 押题3 词数 话题 体裁 考点 押题理由 322 塑料垃圾在海洋中形成的新型生态系统“塑料圈”的定义、形成过程、生态影响及应对方法 说明文 推理判断、细节理解。 环境保护是当今全球关注的焦点问题之一。随着工业化、城市化的快速发展，环境污染、资源枯竭、气候变化等问题日益严重，威胁着人类的生存和发展。环境保护类说明文旨在探讨环境问题的成因、影响及解决方案，呼吁人们关注环境问题并采取行动。因此，环境保护类话题成为考试中的热门押题方向。 Consider a plastic bottle floating on the ocean’s surface, far from the coast. To the naked eye, it seems lifeless — just discarded waste floating on the waves. But up close, it is a lively habitat: bacteria gather in large groups, green seaweed grows into thin layers, small creatures live in water feed, and small shellfish attach firmly. This is the plastisphere, a new ecosystem formed by human waste — a term invented by marine microbiologist Linda Amaral-Zettler more than ten years ago, referring to unique groups of species living on plastic waste. Unlike natural materials such as driftwood, which break down in months, plastics never fully degrade. They can last for up to 1,000 years, breaking into small pieces instead of disappearing completely. This long-lasting feature makes plastic a stable living place for marine creatures. The process of species settling on plastic follows a regular order: first, bacteria arrive and settle down, sending out chemical signals to draw other tiny organisms and forming sticky layers. Soon after, algae (藻类) and fungi (真菌) join in, building simple food chains. Later, larger organisms like barnacles come, and some use plastic as safe places to raise their young. The movement of the plastisphere is worrying — ocean currents carry plastic across different regions, acting as “microbial roads” that transport species, including harmful bacteria and poisonous algae, to new ecosystems. In these sticky layers, harmful microbes exchange genetic material, becoming more dangerous or resistant to drugs. Although some microbes in the plastisphere may break down pollutants, the ability of this ecosystem to adapt also brings ecological damage. Studies on the plastisphere confirm a simple fact: the only long-term solution is to reduce plastic production and our dependence on it in order to prevent pollution. It shows the adaptability of life and warns us of unexpected results — our desire for convenience has changed ocean life in ways we still do not fully understand. 1．What does the underlined word “plastisphere” mean in paragraph 1? A．A type of plastic debris floating in oceans. B．A natural material that replaces plastic in oceans. C．A group of marine microbes that break down plastic. D．A new ecosystem formed on plastic waste. 2．Why can plastic become a stable habitat for marine life? A．It releases nutrients that support marine organisms. B．It is lighter than driftwood and easier to float. C．It breaks down slowly and lasts for a long time. D．It is less likely to be damaged by ocean currents. 3．What is the sequence of settlement on plastic debris? A．Algae→bacteria→fungi→larger organisms B．Bacteria→algae→fungi→larger organisms C．Fungi→bacteria→algae→larger organisms D．Larger organisms→bacteria→algae→fungi 4．What is the author’s attitude towards the plastisphere? A．Concerned about its negative environmental impacts. B．Optimistic that it will solve ocean pollution. C．Doubtful that it really exists in natural oceans. D．Excited about its potential for scientific research. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．A 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是塑料垃圾在海洋中形成的新型生态系统“塑料圈”的定义、形成过程、生态影响及应对方法。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“This is the plastisphere, a new ecosystem formed by human waste — a term invented by marine microbiologist Linda Amaral-Zettler more than ten years ago, referring to unique groups of species living on plastic waste.(这就是plastisphere，这是一个由人类废弃物形成的全新生态系统——这个术语是由海洋微生物学家琳达·阿马尔尔-泽特勒在十多年前提出的，指的是栖息在塑料废弃物上的独特物种群落)”可知，plastisphere是在塑料垃圾上形成的新型生态系统。故划线词plastisphere意思是“在塑料废弃物上形成了一个新的生态系统”。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Unlike natural materials such as driftwood, which break down in months, plastics never fully degrade. They can last for up to 1,000 years, breaking into small pieces instead of disappearing completely. This long-lasting feature makes plastic a stable living place for marine creatures.(与浮木等会在几个月内分解的天然材料不同，塑料永远不会完全降解。它们可以存在长达1000年，只会分解成小碎片，而不会完全消失。这种持久的特性使塑料成为海洋生物稳定的栖息场所。)”可知，塑料分解缓慢且存续时间长，这是其能成为海洋生物稳定栖息地的原因。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第二段“The process of species settling on plastic follows a regular order: first, bacteria arrive and settle down, sending out chemical signals to draw other tiny organisms and forming sticky layers. Soon after, algae (藻类) and fungi (真菌) join in, building simple food chains. Later, larger organisms like barnacles come, and some use plastic as safe places to raise their young.(生物在塑料表面定居的过程遵循着一个固定的顺序：首先，细菌到达并定居下来，它们会释放化学信号来吸引其他微小生物，并形成黏性层。不久之后，藻类和真菌也加入进来，构建起简单的食物链。随后，像藤壶这样的大型生物也出现了，其中一些会将塑料作为养育后代的安全场所)”可知，其顺序为细菌→藻类→真菌→大型生物。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据第三段“The movement of the plastisphere is worrying — ocean currents carry plastic across different regions, acting as “microbial roads” that transport species, including harmful bacteria and poisonous algae, to new ecosystems. In these sticky layers, harmful microbes exchange genetic material, becoming more dangerous or resistant to drugs. Although some microbes in the plastisphere may break down pollutants, the ability of this ecosystem to adapt also brings ecological damage.(“塑料圈层”的移动令人担忧——海洋洋流将塑料带往不同的区域，它们充当着“微生物通道”，将包括有害细菌和有毒藻类在内的物种带到新的生态系统中。在这些黏性层中，有害微生物会交换遗传物质，变得更具危险性或对药物产生抗药性。尽管“塑料圈层”中的某些微生物能够分解污染物，但这种生态系统的适应能力也会带来生态破坏)”以及最后一段“Studies on the plastisphere confirm a simple fact: the only long-term solution is to reduce plastic production and our dependence on it in order to prevent pollution. It shows the adaptability of life and warns us of unexpected results — our desire for convenience has changed ocean life in ways we still do not fully understand.(关于“塑料圈层”的研究证实了一个简单的事实：唯一的长期解决方案是减少塑料的生产以及我们对塑料的依赖，以防止污染。它展示了生命的适应性，并提醒我们可能会出现意想不到的结果——我们对便利性的追求已经以我们尚未完全理解的方式改变了海洋生物的生存状态)”可知，作者对塑料圈的负面环境影响持担忧态度。故选A。 押题4 词数 话题 体裁 考点 押题理由 320 微塑料的来源、传播途径及对环境和人体的潜在危害 说明文 推理判断、细节理解。 环境保护是当今全球关注的焦点问题之一。随着工业化、城市化的快速发展，环境污染、资源枯竭、气候变化等问题日益严重，威胁着人类的生存和发展。环境保护类说明文旨在探讨环境问题的成因、影响及解决方案，呼吁人们关注环境问题并采取行动。因此，环境保护类话题成为考试中的热门押题方向。 Plastics are widely used in our daily lives, from packaging and clothing to medical tools and electronic devices. However, in recent years, scientists have paid increasing attention to microplastics — tiny plastic pieces smaller than 5 millimeters. These particles are often produced when larger plastic items break down over time, especially under sunlight or pressure. They can also enter the environment directly through daily products such as facial cleansers, clothes, or industrial waste. In addition, factories and wastewater treatment plants release large amounts of microplastics into rivers and oceans every day. Once in the environment, these small particles are difficult to remove. Over time, microplastics have spread across the planet. They have been found in the cold Arctic, the deep Mariana Trench, and even on the top of Mount Qomolangma. They are now a major part of marine pollution and can be eaten by sea animals like fish and shellfish. Through the food chain, these plastics may eventually enter the human body, raising concerns about their possible effects on health. But the danger does not stop there. Microplastics are also present in the air we breathe. Research shows that people, especially those living in cities, may take in microplastics through breathing. Tiny plastic fibers from clothes, furniture, and traffic dust float in both indoor and outdoor air. Common plastic items — such as food containers, cups, and baby bottles — can also release microplastics when heated or reused too many times. Although most microplastics are too large to pass through the skin, they may still stay on the surface or carry harmful chemicals. Some skin care products even contain plastic particles, increasing the chances of contact through daily use. Scientists have found that microplastics may harm human cells and lead to problems in the lungs, immune system, or even brain. As research continues, it is important to understand the risks and reduce our exposure to these tiny but widespread pollutants. 1．What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A．How microplastics spread and harm nature. B．Detailed steps of wastewater treatment. C．The invention of plastic packaging. D．The plastic pollution in the ocean. 2．What can we learn about human exposure to microplastics? A．It is linked to daily matters people may not even notice. B．It can be avoided by moving to countryside areas. C．It mainly results from working in plastic factories. D．It increases when people touch seawater directly. 3．Why are microplastics considered particularly dangerous? A．They make plastic goods more expensive to produce. B．They pose health risks while being hard to detect. C．They are large enough to be easily noticed. D．They cause direct death of marine animals. 4．Which could be the best title for the text? A．Daily Products That Make Life Easier B．How Air Pollution Is Worse Than We Think C．The Growth Of Plastic Production Worldwide D．Microplastics: A Threat With A Huge Impact 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．B 4．D 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了微塑料的来源、传播途径及对环境和人体的潜在危害。 1．主旨大意题。根据第二段“In addition, factories and wastewater treatment plants release large amounts of microplastics into rivers and oceans every day. Once in the environment, these small particles are difficult to remove. Over time, microplastics have spread across the planet. They have been found in the cold Arctic, the deep Mariana Trench, and even on the top of Mount Qomolangma. They are now a major part of marine pollution and can be eaten by sea animals like fish and shellfish. Through the food chain, these plastics may eventually enter the human body, raising concerns about their possible effects on health.(此外，工厂和污水处理厂每天向河流和海洋排放大量微塑料。一旦进入环境，这些小颗粒就很难去除。随着时间的推移，微塑料已经遍布全球。它们在寒冷的北极、深邃的马里亚纳海沟，甚至珠穆朗玛峰顶都有发现。它们现在是海洋污染的主要组成部分，可以被鱼和贝类等海洋动物吃掉。通过食物链，这些塑料最终可能进入人体，引发人们对它们可能对健康产生的影响的担忧)”可知，第二段主要讲述了微塑料如何传播及其对自然的危害。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Research shows that people, especially those living in cities, may take in microplastics through breathing. Tiny plastic fibers from clothes, furniture, and traffic dust float in both indoor and outdoor air. Common plastic items — such as food containers, cups, and baby bottles — can also release microplastics when heated or reused too many times.(研究表明，人们，尤其是生活在城市中的人们，可能会通过呼吸吸入微塑料。来自衣服、家具和交通灰尘的微小塑料纤维在室内和室外空气中漂浮。常见的塑料制品，如食品容器、杯子和奶瓶，在加热或重复使用太多次时也会释放微塑料)”可知，人类接触微塑料与人们可能甚至没有注意到的日常事物有关。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Although most microplastics are too large to pass through the skin, they may still stay on the surface or carry harmful chemicals. Some skin care products even contain plastic particles, increasing the chances of contact through daily use.(虽然大多数微塑料太大，无法通过皮肤，但它们可能仍会停留在表面或携带有害化学物质。一些护肤品甚至含有塑料颗粒，增加了日常使用中接触的机会)”和最后一段“Scientists have found that microplastics may harm human cells and lead to problems in the lungs, immune system, or even brain.(科学家发现，微塑料可能损害人体细胞，导致肺部、免疫系统甚至大脑出现问题)”可知，微塑料被认为特别危险是因为它们对健康构成风险，同时难以检测。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“However, in recent years, scientists have paid increasing attention to microplastics — tiny plastic pieces smaller than 5 millimeters.(然而，近年来，科学家们越来越关注微塑料——小于5毫米的微小塑料碎片)”以及后文对微塑料的来源、传播、危害等方面的描述，可知文章主要介绍了微塑料的危害及其对人类健康和环境的影响。因此，D选项“微塑料：具有巨大影响的威胁”最符合文章主旨。故选D。 押题5 词数 话题 体裁 考点 押题理由 297 国科研团队研发的新型可重复使用、可生物降解泡沫，能高效去除水中微塑料及其相关研究与应用前景 说明文 推理判断、细节理解。 环境保护是当今全球关注的焦点问题之一。随着工业化、城市化的快速发展，环境污染、资源枯竭、气候变化等问题日益严重，威胁着人类的生存和发展。环境保护类说明文旨在探讨环境问题的成因、影响及解决方案，呼吁人们关注环境问题并采取行动。因此，环境保护类话题成为考试中的热门押题方向。 Small plastic particles in water have become one of the most concerning consumer pollutants because they are widely found in various water sources. A Chinese research team has developed a new method to remove these microplastics, which negatively affect human health. A study published on Saturday in the journal Science Advances introduced a new reusable and biodegradable foam that can capture microplastics in water with an efficiency of up to 99.8% in its first use. Researchers from Wuhan University and Huazhong University of Science and Technology used a sustainable fibrous foam made from chitin（几丁质） from squid bone and cellulose（纤维素） obtained from cotton. This foam has a hole-filled structure that can attract and interact with various types of microplastics commonly present in electronics, food packaging, textiles, and other industrial products. The team tested the foam’s performance using water samples from four real-world sources — irrigation water, lake water, seawater, and pond water — to prove its effectiveness in natural water environments. In initial tests, the foam captured nearly 100% of microplastics. After five usage cycles, the removal rate of this plant-based material still exceeded 95%, demonstrating excellent reusable. According to the study, the material’s capturing ability is largely unaffected by inorganic particles, heavy metals, organic pollutants, or microorganisms in the water. “Microplastics entering land-based and aquatic environments will continue to increase for thousands of years due to the alarming amount of plastic waste in the environment,” said Deng Hongbing from Wuhan University, the corresponding author of the study. Deng added that the research indicates plant-based materials could offer an economical solution for addressing the complex issue of microplastic pollution in water. The research team has already patented for this technology and hopes to introduce it into real-world water treatment systems or household water purifiers in the near future. 1．What enabled the new foam to achieve 99. 8% initial removal efficiency? A．Its cellulose film. B．Its squid-bone frame. C．Its hole-filled structure. D．Its biodegradable property. 2．The researchers tested the foam in water samples from four real-world sources to ________. A．compare the pollution levels of different water bodies. B．prove its effectiveness in simulated laboratory conditions. C．identify which water source contains the most microplastics. D．verify its performance in natural and complex aquatic systems. 3．What can be inferred from Deng Hongbing’s statement about plant-based materials? A．They can provide a highly cost-effective approach. B．They are the only solution to microplastic pollution. C．They are too expensive to be widely used at present. D．Their effectiveness is limited to specific microplastics. 4．What is the research team’s attitude towards their technology? A．Uncertain and hesitant. B．Pessimistic and doubtful. C．Confident and ambitious. D．Indifferent and disconnected. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．C 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍中国科研团队研发的新型可重复使用、可生物降解泡沫，能高效去除水中微塑料及其相关研究与应用前景。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“A study published on Saturday in the journal Science Advances introduced a new reusable and biodegradable foam that can capture microplastics in water with an efficiency of up to 99.8% in its first use. (周六发表在《科学进展》期刊上的一项研究，介绍了一种新型可重复使用且可生物降解的泡沫材料，其首次使用时捕捉水中微塑料的效率高达99.8%。)”以及“This foam has a hole-filled structure that can attract and interact with various types of microplastics commonly present in electronics, food packaging, textiles, and other industrial products. (这种泡沫具有多孔结构，能够吸附电子、食品包装、纺织品和其他工业产品中常见的各类微塑料，并与之相互作用。)”可知，正是多孔结构让新型泡沫首次使用就能达到99.8%的去除效率。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The team tested the foam’s performance using water samples from four real-world sources — irrigation water, lake water, seawater, and pond water — to prove its effectiveness in natural water environments. (该团队使用灌溉水、湖水、海水和池塘水这四种真实水源的水样测试了泡沫的性能，以证明其在自然水环境中的有效性。)”可知，测试的目的是验证泡沫在自然且复杂的水生系统中的性能。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Deng added that the research indicates plant-based materials could offer an economical solution for addressing the complex issue of microplastic pollution in water. (邓补充说，该研究表明，植物基材料可以为解决复杂的水中微塑料污染问题提供一种经济的解决方案。)”可知，植物基材料能提供高性价比的解决办法。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“The research team has already patented for this technology and hopes to introduce it into real-world water treatment systems or household water purifiers in the near future. (该研究团队已为这项技术申请专利，并希望在不久的将来将其应用于实际水处理系统或家用净水器中。)”可知，团队为技术申请专利并计划推广应用，体现出他们对技术充满信心且有远大目标。故选C项。 四、科技与应对气候变化类 押题1 词数 话题 体裁 考点 押题理由 307 肯尼亚的图尔卡纳湖因气候变化导致水位大幅下降，强调了气候变化与地质活动之间的紧密联系 说明文 细节理解、推理判断 主旨大意 应对全球气候变化类阅读理解文章通常涉及人类活动对气候的影响，危害人类的生存发展。因此，气候变化类阅读理解在考试中占有重要地位。 Lake Turkana in Kenya, often called the birthplace of humanity, is the world’s largest desert lake. Ancient remains up to 4. 2 million years old from half a dozen human ancestor species have been found there, offering precious clues to how our ancestors lived alongside diverse wildlife. Thousands of years ago, the lake was far larger, stretching across vast areas and surrounded by thick green grasslands. But between 4000 and 6000 years ago, a long period of drier climate brought about a dramatic change — its water level dropped by 100 to 150 metres. This shift not only reshaped the landscape but also awakened long-hidden geological forces beneath the lakebed. A study led by Christopher Scholz and his team at Syracuse University reveals that the significant water level drop reduced pressure on the lakebed, allowing crustal faults (地壳断层) to slip more easily. The research team examined 27 underwater faults, finding that fault sides moved past each other at an average rate of 0. 17 millimetres per year. The reduced water weight had another profound effect, which enabled magma (岩浆) deep below the Earth’s crust to rise more freely. “It’s like opening a bottle of soda — less pressure makes magma much more likely to erupt,” says Ken Macdonald, a geologist from the University of California, Santa Barbara. Notably, one of the lake’s three volcanic islands erupted in 1888, an event closely linked to these long-term geological shifts. While climate change-driven rainfall is now raising the lake’s water levels again, researchers warn it will take thousands of years to significantly reduce the increased earthquake and volcanic activity. The study emphasizes that global geological risk assessments must now consider how climate change alters lake water levels — a clear and urgent connection between human-driven environmental shifts and the dynamic forces of the planet’s crust beneath our feet. 1．What can we infer about the dramatic change of Lake Turkana 4000-6000 years ago? A．Landscape changed for the better. B．Change was mainly due to climate. C．Lake expansion created grasslands. D．human ancestors caused the change. 2．What did Scholz’s team find about the underwater faults? A．Lower water levels completely stop fault slip. B．Fault slip often leads to a drop in water levels. C．Faults slip 0. 17 millimetres per year on average. D．Twenty-seven underwater faults exist in the lake. 3．Why does Ken Macdonald give the example of opening a bottle of soda? A．To describe the power of volcanic eruptions. B．To show volcanic eruptions are unpredictable. C．To explain how pressure change causes an eruption. D．To illustrate the similarity between soda and magma. 4．What is the best title for the passage? A．Climate Shifts: A Driver of Geological Changes B．Lake Turkana: A Witness to Ancient Geological Shifts C．Underwater Faults: Key Links to Volcanic Activity Risks D．Human Activities: Reshapers of Earth’s Crust Movements 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．A 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了肯尼亚的图尔卡纳湖因气候变化导致水位大幅下降，进而引发了地壳断层活动和火山喷发等地质变化，强调了气候变化与地质活动之间的紧密联系。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段“But between 4000 and 6000 years ago, a long period of drier climate brought about a dramatic change — its water level dropped by 100 to 150 metres. (但在4000到6000年前，一段长时间的干燥气候带来了巨大的变化——水位下降了100到150米。)”可知，图尔卡纳湖在4000到6000年前的巨大变化主要是由于气候变干导致的水位下降。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“The research team examined 27 underwater faults, finding that fault sides moved past each other at an average rate of 0.17 millimetres per year. (研究小组检查了27个水下断层，发现断层两侧以每年平均0.17毫米的速度相互移动。)”可知，Scholz的团队发现断层每年平均移动0.17毫米。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“The reduced water weight had another profound effect, which enabled magma deep below the Earth’s crust to rise more freely. ‘It’s like opening a bottle of soda — less pressure makes magma much more likely to erupt,’ says Ken Macdonald, a geologist from the University of California, Santa Barbara. (减少的水重量还有另一个深远的影响，它使地壳深处的岩浆能够更自由地上升。加州大学圣巴巴拉分校的地质学家Ken Macdonald说：“这就像打开一瓶苏打水——压力越小，岩浆就越有可能喷发。” )”可知，Ken Macdonald用打开一瓶苏打水的例子来解释压力变化如何导致岩浆喷发。故选C项。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Lake Turkana in Kenya, often called the birthplace of humanity, is the world’s largest desert lake. (肯尼亚的图尔卡纳湖，常被称为人类的诞生地，是世界上最大的沙漠湖。)”以及最后一段“While climate change-driven rainfall is now raising the lake’s water levels again, researchers warn it will take thousands of years to significantly reduce the increased earthquake and volcanic activity. The study emphasizes that global geological risk assessments must now consider how climate change alters lake water levels — a clear and urgent connection between human-driven environmental shifts and the dynamic forces of the planet’s crust beneath our feet. (虽然气候变化驱动的降雨现在再次抬高了湖水水位，但研究人员警告说，要显著减少地震和火山活动的增加需要数千年时间。该研究强调，全球地质风险评估现在必须考虑气候变化如何改变湖水水位——这是人类驱动的环境变化与我们脚下地球地壳的动态力量之间一个明确而紧迫的联系。)”可知，文章主要讲述了气候变化对图尔卡纳湖水位的影响，以及由此引发的地质变化，强调了气候变化是地质变化的驱动力。因此，A项“Climate Shifts: A Driver of Geological Changes (气候变化：地质变化的驱动力)”是最佳标题。故选A项。 押题2 词数 话题 体裁 考点 押题理由 348 非洲森林从吸收二氧化碳的碳汇转变为排放二氧化碳的碳源的变化，这一根本性转变加剧了全球应对气候变化的挑战 说明文 细节理解、词义猜测。推理判断 应对全球气候变化类阅读理解文章通常涉及人类活动对气候的影响，危害人类的生存发展。因此，气候变化类阅读理解在考试中占有重要地位。 African forests and shrubby woodlands have previously been one of the world’s biggest carbon sinks, accounting for 20 percent of all the CO2 taken up by plants. The lion’s share of this is in the Congo rainforest, the second largest forest in the world after the Amazon. Sometimes called the “lungs of Africa”, it absorbs an estimated 600 million tons of CO2 per year. However, forests on the continent are now emitting more carbon dioxide than they absorb, a fundamental shift that will make it more difficult for the world to cut its net emissions to zero. Now, researchers have found that after gaining biomass (生物量) from 2007 to 2010, African forests lost 106 million tons of biomass per year from 2011 to 2017. That is equal to roughly 200 million tons of CO2 emissions per year. This was driven by logging in the Congo rainforest, says Heiko Balzter at the University of Leicester, UK. “If we are losing the tropical forests as one of the means of mitigating climate change, then we basically have to reduce our emissions of greenhouse gases from fossil fuel burning even faster to get to near-zero emissions.” Balzter and his team estimated the amount of biomass with satellite measurement of the color and water content of the forest canopy (树冠), as well as its height at certain points. But Simon Lewis at University College London says satellite data can’t detect the type of trees in a forest and isn’t reliable for estimating the carbon absorbed by high-biomass undamaged forests or emitted in forests degraded by selective logging. At the COP30 climate summit in November, Brazil announced the tropical Forests Forever Facility, a fund that will pay its investment returns to tropical countries at $4 per hectare of forest left standing. But so far countries have donated only $6.6 billion to the fund, far short of the $25 billion goal. “It’s really important to make this tropical Forest Forever Facility work, to try to turn around this trend of the African tree biomass actually emitting carbon into the atmosphere,” says Balzter. 1．What change does the author mention about African forests? A．They are larger than before. B．They are producing more CO2. C．They are thicker than before. D．They are absorbing more CO2. 2．What does the underlined word “mitigating” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Slowing. B．Ignoring. C．Worsening. D．Measuring. 3．What can be inferred about the satellite measurement? A．It can identify the type of trees in a forest. B．It is mainly used for observing illegal logging. C．It has some limitations in biomass assessment. D．It is widely accepted by most climate scientists. 4．Why is the tropical Forests Forever Facility significant? A．It supports a lot of poor African countries. B．It has raised enough money to protect tropical forests. C．It may turn the tide on African forests carbon releasing. D．It contributes to investing new projects in tropical areas. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．C 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了非洲森林从吸收二氧化碳的碳汇转变为排放二氧化碳的碳源的变化，这一根本性转变加剧了全球应对气候变化的挑战。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“However, forests on the continent are now emitting more carbon dioxide than they absorb, a fundamental shift that will make it more difficult for the world to cut its net emissions to zero. (然而，如今非洲大陆的森林正排放出比吸收更多的二氧化碳，这一根本性的变化将使全球更难以将净排放量降至零。)”可知，非洲森林现在排放的二氧化碳比吸收的更多，说明其正在产生更多二氧化碳。故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据第二段“If we are losing the tropical forests as one of the means of mitigating climate change, then we basically have to reduce our emissions of greenhouse gases from fossil fuel burning even faster to get to near-zero emissions. (如果我们正在失去热带森林作为……气候变化的一种手段，那么我们就基本上必须更快地减少化石燃料燃烧产生的温室气体排放，才能接近零排放。)”可知，热带森林可以减缓气候变化，因此“mitigating”意为“减缓”。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段中Simon Lewis的观点“But Simon Lewis at University College London says satellite data can’t detect the type of trees in a forest and isn’t reliable for estimating the carbon absorbed by high-biomass undamaged forests or emitted in forests degraded by selective logging. (但伦敦大学学院的Simon Lewis表示，卫星数据无法辨别森林中树木的种类，也不适用于估算高生物量未遭破坏森林所吸收的碳量，或者受损森林因选择性采伐而排放的碳量。)”可知，卫星数据无法识别森林中的树木种类，在测算高生物量原始森林的碳吸收量或择伐退化林的碳排放量时，其可靠性存疑，因此可推断其在生物量评估方面有不足。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段““It’s really important to make this tropical Forest Forever Facility work, to try to turn around this trend of the African tree biomass actually emitting carbon into the atmosphere,” says Balzter. (Balzter表示：“让这个‘永远的热带森林基金’发挥作用非常重要，要努力扭转非洲树木生物量实际上向大气中排放碳的趋势。”)”可知，该基金的重要性在于可能扭转非洲森林排放二氧化碳的趋势。故选C。 押题3 词数 话题 体裁 考点 押题理由 342 树木树皮中的微生物可以消耗氢气、甲烷、一氧化碳等影响气候的气体，帮助应对气候变化，以及相关研究发现和植树造林的启示 说明文 细节理解、 词义猜测 推理判断。 应对全球气候变化类阅读理解文章通常涉及人类活动对气候的影响，危害人类的生存发展。因此，气候变化类阅读理解在考试中占有重要地位。 Trees are known for absorbing carbon dioxide as they grow. However, recent research reveals a hidden function of trees: their bark hosts countless microbes that consume other climate-active gases. The tree bark microbes feed on hydrogen, methane and carbon monoxide, researchers report January 8 in Science. As for trapping heat, methane is a greenhouse gas 28 times more potent than carbon dioxide over a 100-year period. Carbon monoxide and hydrogen enhance global warming indirectly, by helping methane persist longer in the atmosphere. Globally, tree bark covers an estimated 41 million square kilometers, with about six trillion microbes per square meter. “This is a hidden benefit of trees we previously didn’t realize,” says Luke Jeffrey, a biogeochemist at Southern Cross University in Australia. The discovery emerged from long-term research on methane sources. Initially, scientists found that methane emissions from Amazon flooded areas were only half the expected amount. Then in 2017, it was discovered that half of the region’s methane seeped from tree trunks instead of the ground. While trees were once seen as passive chimneys releasing soil methane, a 2021 study by Jeffrey’s team found that bark microbes reduce methane emissions by about 35% by oxidizing it for energy. In follow-up work, researchers analyzed microbial genomes in eight Australian tree species. They found hydrogen-oxidizing microbes were most common, followed by methaneand carbon monoxide-consuming types. Experiments confirmed that bark microbes not only digest gases within trees but also draw trace amounts of these gases from the air. Though atmospheric concentrations are low (2 parts per million to 40 parts per billion), scaled globally, tree microbes remove millions of tons of these gases annually. This hidden function strengthens trees’role in fighting climate change. Since different tree species host distinct microbial communities, reforestation efforts could prioritize species that maximize removal of multiple greenhouse gases. “You’re not just thinking about the tree you’re planting, but also the microbes within the tree,” Chris Greening, one researcher participating in the study notes, “You can ideally get rid of three or four climate-active gases for the price of one.” 1．What is the role of bark concerning climate change? A．Absorbs carbon dioxide directly. B．Blocks harmful gas emissions. C．Contains microbes eating climate gases. D．Stores carbon dioxide internally. 2．What does the underlined word “potent” in paragraph 2 mean? A．powerful. B．harmful. C．common. D．visible. 3．What can we learn from the research? A．Amazon’s methane emissions matched earlier predictions. B．Tree bark microbes raise methane emissions by using it for energy. C．Hydrogen-oxidizing microbes are the rarest in Australian tree bark. D．Tree microbes can take in small amounts of greenhouse gases from the air. 4．What is Chris Greening’s words mainly about? A．The difficulty of studying tree microbes. B．The benefits of planting trees with microbes. C．The high cost of reducing greenhouse gases. D．The need to focus only on trees, not microbes. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．B 【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了树木树皮中的微生物可以消耗氢气、甲烷、一氧化碳等影响气候的气体，帮助应对气候变化，以及相关研究发现和植树造林的启示。 1．细节理解题。根据原文第一段“However, recent research reveals a hidden function of trees: their bark hosts countless microbes that consume other climate-active gases.(然而，最近的研究揭示了树木的一个隐藏功能：它们的树皮上栖息着无数微生物，这些微生物会消耗其他影响气候的气体。)” 可知，树皮含有能消耗气候相关气体的微生物。故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据原文第二段“As for trapping heat, methane is a greenhouse gas 28 times more potent than carbon dioxide over a 100-year period.(在吸热方面，甲烷是一种更potent温室气体，在100年内比二氧化碳高28倍。)” 可知，甲烷的吸热效力比二氧化碳高28倍，说明它是强效的。故推知potent 意为“强大的、强效的”。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据原文第四段“Experiments confirmed that bark microbes not only digest gases within trees but also draw trace amounts of these gases from the air.(实验证实，树皮微生物不仅分解树木内部的气体，还从空气中吸收微量的这类气体。)” 可知，树木微生物可以从空气中吸收少量温室气体。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据原文第五段““You’re not just thinking about the tree you’re planting, but also the microbes within the tree,” Chris Greening, one researcher participating in the study notes, “You can ideally get rid of three or four climate-active gases for the price of one.”(参与这项研究的研究员Chris Greening指出：“你考虑的不只是你种下的这棵树，还有树体内的微生物。理想情况下，花一份成本，就能去除三四种影响气候的气体。”)” 可知，Chris Greening的话主要讲述种植带有微生物的树木的好处。故选B。 押题4 词数 话题 体裁 考点 押题理由 361 植树对气候总体有益，但不同地区的温度影响差异显著，在炎热潮湿地区植树能带来最强的降温效果，并解释了其原理 说明文 细节理解、 主旨大意。 应对全球气候变化类阅读理解文章通常涉及人类活动对气候的影响，危害人类的生存发展。因此，气候变化类阅读理解在考试中占有重要地位。 More trees will cool the climate and control fires, but mainly if planted in hot, wet areas, according to a new UC Riverside (UCR) study. The study, published in Climate and Atmospheric Science, found that tree planting is generally a net positive for the climate because it helps pull warming carbon out of the atmosphere. However, local effects on temperature not related to carbon varied significantly by region. At higher latitudes (纬度), trees could have a slight heating effect, while the opposite is true in hot, wet areas. “Our study found greater cooling effects from planting in warm, wet regions, where trees grow throughout the year. Trees there not only pull carbon dioxide from the air, they also cool while releasing water vapor,” said study first author and UCR graduate student James Gomez. “It’s not that planting elsewhere doesn’t help — it does — but these warm areas offer the strongest returns per tree.” These findings mirror the results of an earlier UCR study that shows planting trees could cool the surface of the planet even more than previously expected. While that study factored in the chemical effects of trees interacting with the atmosphere, this study places more emphasis on understanding the physical effects of tree planting. These effects include “tree sweating”, or transpiration (蒸腾). Tree roots absorb water from the soil, which then travels up through the trunk and into the leaves. When pores (气孔) in the leaves open up so the tree can take in carbon dioxide for photosynthesis (光合作用), some of the water in the leaves evaporates into the air. This process cools the air on Earth’s surface and cools the tree, too. “It’s just like the way sweating cools your body,” Gomez said. “In warm, wet areas, there is constantly water available for trees, and that increases transpiration.” Trees can also reduce the amount of sunlight that reaches the planet’s surface. As they release water vapor, the air can become more humid. More humidity can mean more clouds, and water vapor itself can absorb some sun. Both of these effects reduce the amount of sun that reaches the ground, giving a cooling effect. 1．What does the study reveal about tree planting in different regions? A．Carbon absorption is weaker in high latitudes than hot areas. B．Climate benefits overall, but temperature effects vary regionally. C．It is only effective in hot, wet areas and has no benefits elsewhere. D．It has identical cooling effects regardless of the latitude where trees are planted. 2．How does the transpiration process mainly work? A．By opening leaf pores to let water out. B．By changing sunlight into food for the tree. C．By adding water to the air without forming clouds. D．By pulling water up from the soil through the trunk. 3．Hot, wet areas have the best cooling effect because of ______. A．more leaf pores and less water in the air B．constant water supply and slower tree growth C．greater carbon storage and less sun bouncing back D．year-round water release and more clouds forming 4．Which is the best title for the text? A．Why All Tree Planting Helps the Climate B．The Chemistry of Trees: Beyond Carbon Storage C．Where to Plant Trees for Maximum Climate Benefits D．Trees and Carbon: A New Look at Forest Climate Effects 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．C 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了加州大学河滨分校的一项新研究，研究表明植树对气候总体有益，但不同地区的温度影响差异显著，在炎热潮湿地区植树能带来最强的降温效果，并解释了其原理。 1．细节理解题。根据第1段中“tree planting is generally a net positive for the climate(植树总体上对气候具有净收益)”和“However, local effects on temperature not related to carbon varied significantly by region.(然而，与碳无关的局部温度效应因地区差异很大)”可知，研究表明植树对气候总体有益，但温度影响因地区不同而不同。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第4段中“Tree roots absorb water from the soil, which then travels up through the trunk and into the leaves. When pores in the leaves open up so the tree can take in carbon dioxide for photosynthesis, some of the water in the leaves evaporates into the air. (树根从土壤中吸收水分，然后水分通过树干向上进入叶子。当叶子上的气孔打开，树木可以吸收二氧化碳进行光合作用时，叶子中的一部分水分会蒸发到空气中。)”可知，蒸腾作用主要通过叶子上的气孔打开释放水分来进行。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据第5段中“In warm, wet areas, there is constantly water available for trees, and that increases transpiration. (在温暖、潮湿的地区，树木持续有水可用，这增加了蒸腾作用。)”以及第6段中“As they release water vapor, the air can become more humid. More humidity can mean more clouds(当它们释放水蒸气时，空气会变得更潮湿。更高的湿度可能意味着更多的云)”和“Both of these effects reduce the amount of sun that reaches the ground, giving a cooling effect. (这两种效应都减少了到达地面的阳光量，从而产生冷却效应。)”可知，湿热地区冷却效果最好是因为有持续的水分供应(支持蒸腾作用)以及水蒸气形成云层。故选D。   4．主旨大意题。通读全文，文章开篇点明“More trees will cool the climate and control fires, but mainly if planted in hot, wet areas(更多的树木将有助于降温和控制火灾，但主要是在炎热潮湿的地区种植时)”，随后详细解释了为何在湿热地区植树效果最佳(如蒸腾作用、形成云层等)，并与其他地区进行对比。因此，文章的最佳标题应强调植树地点选择对于最大化气候效益的重要性，因此C项“在哪里种树能获得最大的气候效益”可以作为本文的最佳标题。故选C。 五、科技与应对环境变化类 押题1 词数 话题 体裁 考点 押题理由 304 文森特·加勒博受亚马逊王莲启发，设计出可持续漂浮城市Lilypad，以应对海平面上升问题 说明文 细节理解、词义猜测。 随着自然环境的变化，人类生存的环境也发生了巨大变化，人类为了更好的生存，采用科技手段改善生存环境。科技与应对环境变化类阅读理解文章成为热门话题，在考试中占有重要地位。 We can learn a lot from nature. Architect Vincent Callebaut looks to our environment as a guide for designing his forward-thinking structures. His conceptual creation Lilypad is a prime example. Lilypad is a floating island that draws inspiration from the gigantic Victoria amazonica, a species of water lily known for having the largest leaves of any water plant. Their leaves can grow up to nearly 10 feet in diameter. Similarly, Callebaut’s Lilypad is a massive self-sustaining structure surrounded by water. Lilypad is intended to offer a solution to the rising sea levels for humans. It would function as a mobile, amphibious (水陆两栖的) city that could accommodate up to 10, 000 inhabitants. The city would follow the ocean currents and adapt to natural forces instead of working against them, as we do now, Eco-friendly at its core, Lilypad is designed to have a central freshwater lagoon that would aid in rainwater collection and purification. Other areas of the structure would be set up as the marina and mountain “zones” where people would work, shop, and be entertained. Layers of planned housing would be surrounded by suspended gardens and crossed by a network of organically arranged streets. The Lilypad design uses principles of biomimicry (仿生学), a practice that mimics the strategies used by living organisms to solve human challenges. Callebaut has distinct ways in which he has applied biomimicry fundamentals to Lilypad. One way is through its bionic structure. “The structure takes up the radial (辐射状) and concentric geometry (同心式几何) shape of a water lily leaf, making it float and distribute loads,” he explains, “a design that reduces the amount of materials to a minimum.” “In short,” Callebaut concludes, “Lilypad transforms climate challenges into opportunities through a design inspired by nature, where each element works in symbiosis (共生) with the environment.” 1．What is the key feature of Callebaut’s Lilypad? A．It automatically purifies water. B．It functionally provides a shelter. C．It constantly influences the ocean currents. D．It exactly meets the government’s requirements. 2．What do we know about using the principles of biomimicry? A．It is a project to solve the natural crisis. B．It is a guide to restore the damaged situation. C．It is a method to adopt the professional solutions. D．It is an application to imitate the approaches from nature. 3．What can be inferred about Lilypad from the remarks of Callebaut? A．Its design is based on the eco-friendly philosophy. B．Its way of distribution proves effective and practical. C．Its operation shows how to cut down on building materials. D．Its structure highlights the importance of keeping balance. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Nature Does Nothing in Vain B．A Future Sample of Housing Rises to Fame C．Sustainable Floating City is Inspired by Water Lily D．Nature Guides the Design for a Forward-thinking Structure 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．C 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍建筑师文森特·加勒博受亚马逊王莲启发，设计出可持续漂浮城市Lilypad，以应对海平面上升问题。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Lilypad is intended to offer a solution to the rising sea levels for humans. It would function as a mobile, amphibious (水陆两栖的) city that could accommodate up to 10, 000 inhabitants. (Lilypad旨在为人类应对海平面上升提供解决方案。它将作为一座可移动的水陆两栖城市，可容纳多达1万名居民。)”可知，加勒博的Lilypad的关键特征是在功能上提供庇护所。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The Lilypad design uses principles of biomimicry (仿生学), a practice that mimics the strategies used by living organisms to solve human challenges. (Lilypad的设计采用了仿生学原理，即模仿生物有机体所用的策略来解决人类难题的一种做法。)”可知，仿生学原理是一种模仿自然界方法的应用。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的““In short,” Callebaut concludes, “Lilypad transforms climate challenges into opportunities through a design inspired by nature, where each element works in symbiosis (共生) with the environment.”(“简而言之，”卡勒博总结道，“Lilypad通过一个从自然中汲取灵感的设计，将气候挑战转化为机遇，在这里，每一个元素都与环境共生共存。”)”可知，从加勒博的话中可以推断出Lilypad的设计基于环保理念。故选A项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段中的“Lilypad is a floating island that draws inspiration from the gigantic Victoria amazonica, a species of water lily known for having the largest leaves of any water plant. (Lilypad是一座漂浮岛，其灵感来自巨大的亚马逊王莲，一种以拥有所有水生植物中最大叶片而闻名的睡莲。)”可知，文章主要介绍受睡莲启发的可持续漂浮城市，因此“受睡莲启发的可持续漂浮城市”可以概括文章主题，最适合作为标题。故选C项。 押题2 词数 话题 体裁 考点 押题理由 386 利用回收玻璃砂制作人工岛以修复海岸生态系统的研究、实验结果、潜在局限及后续观测计划 说明文 细节理解、推理判断。 随着自然环境的变化，人类生存的环境也发生了巨大变化，人类为了更好的生存，采用科技手段改善生存环境。科技与应对环境变化类阅读理解文章成为热门话题，在考试中占有重要地位。 The open water of Bayou Bienvenue now hosts an island of native trees, grasses, and recycled glass. The artificial island is helping researchers understand a new approach to coastal restoration. Created by a team of scientists and a glass recycling company, the roughly 10-metre-diameter (直径) island is made from a mix of glass ground into sand and Mississippi River sediment (沉积物). A second island next to it, also dotted with plants, is made fully from sediment. The team wants to know if there are any differences in how the plants grow to figure out if the glass sand mixture could be a workable material for restoring coastal ecosystems. Sea level rise and erosion (侵蚀) sweep away sediment and flood (淹没) plants along the coast. The ecosystems there, such as wetlands and salt marshes (盐沼), act as a protection between storms and areas further inland. To restore these damaged ecosystems, ecologists often rely on sediment collected nearby. But there’s a limited amount available, and the digging process can disturb surrounding habitats. By using glass sand instead, restoration projects can reduce the amount of sediment required and chip away at another problem: Millions of metric tons of glass end up in landfills each year instead of getting recycled. According to a study by Sunshine Van Bael and her colleagues, wetland plants were grown in a greenhouse in five-gallon buckets. These plants were grown in containers filled with Mississippi River mud (淤泥), glass sand, or an even mix of both. The glass was progressively processed into different sizes. The plants grown in a coarse-grained (粗粒的) glass-sediment mix exhibited similar growth characteristics to those grown in only sediment. Another group’s study revealed that two salt marsh grasses native to Mississippi grew well in a fifty-fifty mix of glass sand and fill soil, while one species grew even in a 75 percent glass sand mixture. Researchers believe that the success of these studies suggests great promise. However, it is possible that this method is not specific to each region, and research needs to be location-specific to determine the glass sand’s ideal size and proportion across different coastlines. Van Bael and her colleagues will keep a watchful eye on the islands in Bayou Bienvenue for the next five years, with plans to create two more. 1．What problem does using glass sand help reduce? A．The rising of sea level. B．The overflow of glass waste in landfills. C．The pollution in the Mississippi River. D．The lack of storm-prevention systems. 2．Which of the following is true about Van Bael’s greenhouse study? A．It was conducted in an open field. B．It contained varied particle sizes of the glass. C．It proved plants in pure glass sand grew better. D．It found a grass thriving in a 75% glass sand mixture. 3．What is a potential limitation of the glass sand method? A．Its long-term effects are unknown. B．It could potentially harm the plants. C．It requires too much energy to produce. D．It calls for tailoring to different locations. 4．What is the researchers’ attitude towards the glass sand method? A．Skeptical and critical. B．Neutral and indifferent. C．Optimistic but cautious. D．Supportive without doubt. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．D 4．C 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍利用回收玻璃砂制作人工岛以修复海岸生态系统的研究、实验结果、潜在局限及后续观测计划。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“By using glass sand instead, restoration projects can reduce the amount of sediment required and chip away at another problem: Millions of metric tons of glass end up in landfills each year instead of getting recycled.(通过使用玻璃砂，修复项目可以减少所需沉积物的数量，并逐步缓解另一个问题：每年数百万吨玻璃被扔进垃圾填埋场而不是被回收利用。)”可知，使用玻璃砂有助于减少垃圾填埋场中的玻璃废弃物问题。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The glass was progressively processed into different sizes.(玻璃被逐步加工成不同的颗粒大小。)”可知，范·贝尔的温室研究中使用了不同颗粒大小的玻璃。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段中的“However, it is possible that this method is not specific to each region, and research needs to be location-specific to determine the glass sand’s ideal size and proportion across different coastlines.(然而，这种方法可能并不适用于所有地区，要确定不同海岸线玻璃砂的理想粒径与配比，研究仍需结合具体地理位置开展。)”可知，玻璃砂方法的潜在局限是需要根据不同地区进行调整。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Researchers believe that the success of these studies suggests great promise. However, it is possible that this method is not specific to each region, and research needs to be location-specific to determine the glass sand’s ideal size and proportion across different coastlines. (研究人员认为，这些研究的成功表明该方法具有很大前景。然而，这种方法可能并不适用于所有地区，要确定不同海岸线玻璃砂的理想粒径与配比，研究仍需结合具体地理位置开展。)”可知，研究人员对玻璃砂方法持乐观但谨慎的态度。故选C项。 押题3 词数 话题 体裁 考点 押题理由 318 随着全球城市快速扩张，城市热岛效应成为紧迫的环境挑战，阐述其成因、危害，以及一些城市应对该问题的有效措施和成功经验 说明文 细节理解、推理判断。 随着自然环境的变化，人类生存的环境也发生了巨大变化，人类为了更好的生存，采用科技手段改善生存环境。科技与应对环境变化类阅读理解文章成为热门话题，在考试中占有重要地位。 Urban heat islands (UHIs) have become a pressing environmental challenge as cities expand rapidly worldwide. These phenomena occur when built up areas — with concrete roads, glass skyscrapers, and minimal green space-trap more heat than surrounding rural regions, raising urban temperatures by 2 to 8 degrees Celsius. A 2024 study published in Sustainable Cities and Society tracked 50 major cities across Asia, Europe, and North America, finding that UHIs not only worsen heatwaves but also increase energy consumption for air conditioning by 30%on average, making carbon emissions worse. However, innovative urban planning is proving effective in easing this issue. The Chinese city of Shenzhen has pioneered a “sponge city green corridor” model, integrating rooftop gardens, vertical forests on the outside of buildings, and pavements that let rainwater sink into the ground. Over the past five years, these measures have reduced local temperatures by 1.5 degrees and cut urban runoff by 40% during heavy rains. Similarly, Copenhagen’s “cool neighborhoods” project replaced asphalt (沥青) with light-colored, heat-reflective materials and expanded community parks, lowering summer temperatures in targeted areas by 2 degrees while improving residents’ mental health, according to post-project surveys. The key to success lies in balancing infrastructure development with ecological conservation. Researchers emphasize that native plant species are particularly crucial-they require less water, support local biodiversity, and absorb more heat than non-local plants. Moreover, community participation plays a vital role: in Berlin, residents’ initiatives to convert vacant lots into urban gardens have created over 120 small green spaces, each contributing to UHI reduction while fostering social connections. As cities continue to grow, addressing urban heat islands is no longer optional but essential for sustainable development. The solutions — rooted in green infrastructure, smart design, and community engagement-demonstrate that environmental protection and urbanization can coexist harmoniously. By learning from successful cases worldwide, cities can turn the challenge of UHIs into an opportunity to build healthier, more resilient living spaces. 1．What is the main cause of urban heat islands? A．Excessive use of air conditioning. B．Light-colored reflective materials. C．Waste gases from vehicles and factories. D．Lack of green space and overbuilt areas. 2．How does Shenzhen reduce urban heat islands? A．By expanding rural areas around the city. B．By establishing more high-rise buildings. C．By using new heat-reflective materials on roads. D．By doing more greening and better water management. 3．Why are native plant species recommended for urban greening? A．Because they are more affordable to maintain. B．Because they grow faster than non-local plants. C．Because they adapt better and absorb more heat. D．Because they attract more community participation. 4．What does the author imply in the last paragraph? A．Growth and green goals can go together. B．Cities must stop growing to save nature. C．Few cities succeed in fixing urban heat islands. D．Community involvement solves urban heat issues. 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．C 4．A 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍随着全球城市快速扩张，城市热岛效应成为紧迫的环境挑战，阐述其成因、危害，以及一些城市应对该问题的有效措施和成功经验。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“These phenomena occur when built up areas — with concrete roads, glass skyscrapers, and minimal green space-trap more heat than surrounding rural regions, raising urban temperatures by 2 to 8 degrees Celsius. (当建筑密集区域——拥有混凝土道路、玻璃摩天大楼和极少的绿地——比周边农村地区吸收更多热量，使城市气温升高2至8摄氏度时，就会出现这些现象。)”可知，城市热岛效应的主要成因是建筑密集区域多、绿地少。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“The Chinese city of Shenzhen has pioneered a ‘sponge city green corridor’ model, integrating rooftop gardens, vertical forests on the outside of buildings, and pavements that let rainwater sink into the ground. (中国深圳市开创了“海绵城市绿色廊道”模式，整合了屋顶花园、建筑外墙垂直森林以及能让雨水渗入地下的人行道。)”可知，深圳通过打造海绵城市绿色廊道，增加绿化并优化雨水管理来缓解城市热岛效应。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“Researchers emphasize that native plant species are particularly crucial-they require less water, support local biodiversity, and absorb more heat than non-local plants. (研究人员强调，本地植物物种尤为关键——它们比外来植物需水量更少、支持本地生物多样性且吸收更多热量。)”可知，推荐本地植物是因为它们更适应环境、需水量少且能吸收更多热量。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据文中最后一段内容“The solutions — rooted in green infrastructure, smart design, and community engagement-demonstrate that environmental protection and urbanization can coexist harmoniously. (这些解决方案——植根于绿色基础设施、智能设计和社区参与——表明环境保护与城市化可以和谐共存。)”可知，作者意在表明城市发展与环保绿色目标可以共存。故选A。 押题4 词数 话题 体裁 考点 押题理由 367 南极半岛因极端高温事件，植被正以惊人速度扩张，导致“南极变绿”的现象，以及这一变化对当地生态和未来景观的潜在影响 说明文 细节理解、推理判断 主旨大意。 随着自然环境的变化，人类生存的环境也发生了巨大变化，人类为了更好的生存，采用科技手段改善生存环境。科技与应对环境变化类阅读理解文章成为热门话题，在考试中占有重要地位。 Parts of icy Antarctica are turning green with plant life at an alarming rate as the region is struck by extreme heat events, according to new research, raising concerns about the changing landscape on this vast continent. Vegetation (植被) covered less than 0.4 square miles of the Antarctic Peninsula in 1986 but had reached almost 5 square miles by 2021, the study found. The rate at which the region has been greening over nearly four decades has also been speeding up, increasing by more than 30% between 2016 and 2021. “While the landscape is still almost entirely snow, ice and rock, this small, green area has grown dramatically since the mid 1980s,” said Thomas Roland, an environmental scientist at the University of Exeter. “Our findings confirm that the influence of climate change caused by humans has no limit in its reach. Even on the Antarctic Peninsula — this most extreme, remote and isolated ‘wilderness’ region — the landscape is changing, and these effects are visible from space.” Antarctica, the coldest place on Earth, has recently been struck by extreme heat events. This summer, parts of the continent experienced a record-breaking heat wave with temperatures climbing up to 50℉ above normal from mid-July. In March 2022, temperatures in some parts of the continent reached up to 70°F above normal, the most extreme temperature departures ever recorded in this part of the planet. The more the Peninsula greens, the more soil will form and the more likely the region will become more favorable for invasive (侵入的) species, potentially threatening native wildlife. “Seeds, spores (孢子) and plant parts can readily find their way to the Antarctic Peninsula on the boots or equipment of tourists and researchers, or via more ‘traditional’ routes associated with migrating birds and the wind, so the risk here is clear,” Roland said. “These impacts would likely only be local, but could help further speed up the growth of plant life as the climate continues to warm,” said Olly Bartlett, a senior lecturer in remote sensing and geography at the University of Hertfordshire. “This landscape could be changed forever, making it impossible for future generations to see the beautiful ice-covered Antarctica we know today.” 1．How does the author develop paragraph 2? A．By providing examples. B．By clarifying a theory. C．By making comparisons. D．By following the time order. 2．What message does Roland convey in paragraph 3? A．More data collected from space is needed. B．Antarctica will become liveable in the near future. C．Snow and ice on Antarctica will completely disappear. D．Human activities can affect the environment enormously. 3．What is Olly Bartlett’s attitude to Antarctica’s changes? A．Hopeful. B．Alarmed. C．Uncaring. D．Unclear. 4．What can be the best title for the text? A．Human Activities Greatly Impact Antarctica B．Antarctica Is Turning Green at a Dramatic Rate C．Climate Change Threatens Antarctica’s Tourism D．New Species Appear on the Antarctic Peninsula 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．B 【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了南极半岛因极端高温事件，植被正以惊人速度扩张，导致“南极变绿”的现象，以及这一变化对当地生态和未来景观的潜在影响。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段“Vegetation (植被) covered less than 0.4 square miles of the Antarctic Peninsula in 1986 but had reached almost 5 square miles by 2021, the study found. The rate at which the region has been greening over nearly four decades has also been speeding up, increasing by more than 30% between 2016 and 2021.(研究发现，1986年南极半岛的植被覆盖面积不足0.4平方英里，但到2021年已接近5平方英里。近四十年来，该地区‘变绿’的速度也在加快，2016至2021年间增速超过30%。)”可知，作者通过对比1986年与2021年的植被覆盖面积，以及2016-2021年的增速，来阐述南极植被扩张的情况。因此，作者是通过作比较的方式展开第二段的。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“‘Our findings confirm that the influence of climate change caused by humans has no limit in its reach. Even on the Antarctic Peninsula — this most extreme, remote and isolated ‘wilderness’ region — the landscape is changing, and these effects are visible from space.’(‘我们的研究结果证实，人类引发的气候变化影响范围没有边界。即便在南极半岛——这片最极端、偏远且与世隔绝的‘荒野’地区——地貌也在发生变化，这些影响从太空中都能观测到。’)”可知，他想传达的核心信息是：人类活动引发的气候变化影响范围极广，甚至能影响到南极这样极端偏远的地区，对环境造成巨大影响。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据第五段“‘This landscape could be changed forever, making it impossible for future generations to see the beautiful ice-covered Antarctica we know today.’(‘这片地貌可能会被永久改变，未来的人类将再也无法见到我们如今所熟知的、冰雪覆盖的美丽南极。’)”可知，他对南极的变化感到担忧和警觉。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Parts of icy Antarctica are turning green with plant life at an alarming rate as the region is struck by extreme heat events, according to new research, raising concerns about the changing landscape on this vast continent.(最新研究表明，随着南极地区遭遇极端高温事件，这片冰封大陆的部分区域正以惊人的速度长出植被，这一现象引发了人们对这片广袤大陆地貌变化的担忧。)”以及下文通过数据、专家观点等详细阐述了南极植被快速扩张的现象、原因及影响可知，选项B“Antarctica Is Turning Green at a Dramatic Rate(南极正以惊人速度变绿)”最能概括文章主旨，适合用作标题。故选B。 六、科技与固碳、减排类 押题1 词数 话题 体裁 考点 押题理由 266 中国农业大学科研团队2026年发布的新型农田固碳微生物菌剂，阐述了其固碳原理、核心优势与试点应用情况，为农业碳中和提供了低成本、高效率的解决方案 说明文 细节理解 推理判断 随着人类生存环境的不断恶化，节能减排成为世界各国关注的问题。其中固碳技术及其他减排技术成为科技文阅读的新方向。科技与固碳、减排类阅读理解文章成为热门话题，在考试中占有重要地位。 A research team from China Agricultural University has developed a new type of carbon-sequestration microbial (微生物的) bacterial agent, a key breakthrough that provides a low-cost, high-efficiency solution for agricultural carbon neutrality. The research results were published in the international academic journal Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment in February 2026. Unlike traditional farmland management methods that rely on chemical fertilizers to increase production, the new bacterial agent uses beneficial soil bacteria to capture and fix carbon dioxide in the air into the soil through photosynthesis and microbial metabolism (新陈代谢). While fixing carbon, the bacteria can also break down nutrients in the soil, improve soil fertility, and reduce the use of chemical fertilizers by up to 35%. The three-year field experiment data shows that farmland using the bacterial agent can sequester an extra 8.2 tons of carbon per hectare every year, which is 4 times higher than the carbon sequestration efficiency of traditional straw returning to the field. What’s more, the agent is made from agricultural by-products such as soybean meal and corn straw, with a production cost 25% lower than similar products on the market, making it easy to promote in large-scale farmland. “This technology solves two core pain points of agricultural carbon reduction: high cost and low efficiency,” said Professor Li Ming, the lead researcher of the team. “It can not only help farmers reduce costs and increase production, but also make a huge contribution to the national ‘dual carbon’ goal.” At present, the bacterial agent has been piloted in 12 major grain-producing provinces across the country, with a total application area of 153,000 hectares. 1．What is the core function of the new bacterial agent? A．To speed up the growth cycle of crops B．To reduce the use of agricultural irrigation water C．To kill harmful bacteria in the soil completely D．To capture and fix carbon dioxide into farmland soil 2．What is an advantage of the new bacterial agent over traditional methods? A．It doesn’t need any field experiments B．It has a much lower production cost C．It can fully replace chemical fertilizers D．It has been used all over the country 3．What can we infer from Professor Li Ming’s words? A．The technology is not suitable for small-scale farmers B．The technology will soon solve global climate change C．The technology still has unsolvable technical problems D．The technology has both economic and environmental benefits 4．What is the main function of the last paragraph? A．To explain the detailed production process of the bacterial agent B．To introduce the wide global application of the new technology C．To summarize the core working principle of the bacterial agent D．To present expert evaluation and promotion status of the innovation 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．D 4．D 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国农业大学科研团队2026年发布的新型农田固碳微生物菌剂，阐述了其固碳原理、核心优势与试点应用情况，为农业碳中和提供了低成本、高效率的解决方案。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Unlike traditional farmland management methods that rely on chemical fertilizers to increase production, the new bacterial agent uses beneficial soil bacteria to capture and fix carbon dioxide in the air into the soil through photosynthesis and microbial metabolism (新陈代谢).  (与依靠化肥增产的传统农田管理方法不同，这种新型菌剂利用有益土壤细菌，通过光合作用和微生物新陈代谢将空气中的二氧化碳捕捉并固定到土壤中。)”可知，该菌剂的核心功能是将二氧化碳捕捉并固定到农田土壤中。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“What’s more, the agent is made from agricultural by-products such as soybean meal and corn straw, with a production cost 25% lower than similar products on the market, making it easy to promote in large-scale farmland. (此外，该菌剂以豆粕、玉米秸秆等农业副产品为原料制成，生产成本比市场上同类产品低25%，便于在大规模农田中推广。)”可知，该菌剂相较传统方法的一个优势是生产成本更低。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“It can not only help farmers reduce costs and increase production, but also make a huge contribution to the national ‘dual carbon’ goal. (它不仅能帮助农民降本增产，还能为国家‘双碳’目标做出巨大贡献。)”可知，该技术既带来经济收益，又有环境价值，兼具经济和环境效益。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段““This technology solves two core pain points of agricultural carbon reduction: high cost and low efficiency,” said Professor Li Ming, the lead researcher of the team. “It can not only help farmers reduce costs and increase production, but also make a huge contribution to the national ‘dual carbon’ goal.” At present, the bacterial agent has been piloted in 12 major grain-producing provinces across the country, with a total application area of 153,000 hectares. (该团队首席研究员李明教授表示：“这项技术解决了农业减碳的两大核心痛点：高成本和低效率。它不仅能帮助农民降本增产，还能为国家‘双碳’目标做出巨大贡献。”目前，该菌剂已在全国12个粮食主产省开展试点，总应用面积达15.3万公顷。)”可知，最后一段主要呈现了专家对该技术的评价和这项创新技术的试点推广现状。故选D项。 押题2 词数 话题 体裁 考点 押题理由 358 AI垃圾分类系统成为全球低碳城市建设的核心解决方案，其相较传统人工分类优势显著，已在我国200多个城市推广，未来结合5G和大数据将实现更智能的垃圾管理 说明文 细节理解 推理判断 猜测词义 随着人类生存环境的不断恶化，节能减排成为世界各国关注的问题。其中固碳技术及其他减排技术成为科技文阅读的新方向。科技与固碳、减排类阅读理解文章成为热门话题，在考试中占有重要地位。 As cities worldwide struggle to hit carbon neutrality (碳中和) goals and handle the growing urban waste problem, AI-powered waste-sorting systems have become a core solution to lift recycling efficiency and ease environmental pressure in recent years. With the rapid development of urbanization, the amount of urban household and industrial waste is rising year by year, and traditional waste sorting methods can no longer meet the demands of green and low-carbon city development, pushing the wide application of intelligent waste-sorting technology. Traditional waste sorting relies mainly on manual work, with cleaners and volunteers sorting different waste types by hand at community and public waste stations. This method is not only slow and inefficient, especially during peak waste disposal hours, but also has a high error rate due to the lack of professional sorting knowledge, failing to meet modern cities’ high-standard recycling needs. The new AI waste-sorting system uses high-definition cameras and intelligent sensors to identify waste types in seconds, with advanced image recognition technology telling plastic, paper, glass and metal apart clearly and accurately, then guiding intelligent sorting bins to divide waste automatically and quickly. The system has been successfully tested and promoted in over 200 Chinese cities, covering first-tier metropolises like Beijing and Shanghai as well as medium and small-sized cities in the central and western regions. Official data shows it raises recycling accuracy to 98%, cuts labor costs by over 60% for environmental departments and greatly reduces landfill (垃圾填埋场) waste by boosting the recycling rate of recyclable waste. Smart bins connected to the AI system also send real-time data on waste generation and sorting to local environmental departments, helping governments make scientific and targeted waste-management plans. Scientists note the AI waste-sorting technology is still in continuous development. In the near future, it will work with 5G and big data technology to build smarter waste-treatment systems, realizing whole-process intelligent management of waste from generation to recycling. This technological integration is not only the key to building low-carbon and eco-friendly cities, but also an important measure to protect natural resources and promote sustainable social development, providing a new technical path for cities to achieve environmental protection goals. 1．What is the disadvantage of traditional waste sorting? A．It costs too much money. B．It is slow and easy to error. C．It needs too many machines. D．It produces harmful things. 2．What can we infer from Paragraph 3? A．The AI system is widely and effectively used. B．The AI system needs further testing in cities. C．Labor costs are still high for waste sorting. D．Landfill waste has been completely solved. 3．What does the underlined word “it” refer to? A．The labor cost. B．The AI system. C．The landfill waste. D．The test result. 4．Where is the text most probably taken from? A．A travel guidebook. B．A science news report. C．A fashion magazine. D．A history textbook. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．B 4．B 【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是AI垃圾分类系统成为全球低碳城市建设的核心解决方案，其相较传统人工分类优势显著，已在我国200多个城市推广，未来结合5G和大数据将实现更智能的垃圾管理。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Traditional waste sorting relies mainly on manual work, with cleaners and volunteers sorting different waste types by hand at community and public waste stations. This method is not only slow and inefficient, especially during peak waste disposal hours, but also has a high error rate due to the lack of professional sorting knowledge, failing to meet modern cities’ high-standard recycling needs.(传统垃圾分类主要依赖人工操作，清洁人员和志愿者在社区及公共垃圾站手工分拣不同种类的垃圾。这种方法不仅速度慢、效率低，尤其是在垃圾处理高峰时段，而且由于缺乏专业的分类知识，错误率较高，无法满足现代城市对高标准回收的需求。)”可知，传统垃圾分类的核心弊端是速度慢、易出现分类错误。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“The system has been successfully tested and promoted in over 200 Chinese cities, covering first-tier metropolises like Beijing and Shanghai as well as medium and small-sized cities in the central and western regions. Official data shows it raises recycling accuracy to 98%, cuts labor costs by over 60% for environmental departments and greatly reduces landfill (垃圾填埋场) waste by boosting the recycling rate of recyclable waste.(该系统已在中国200多个城市成功测试并推广，覆盖了北京、上海等一线大城市以及中西部地区的中小城市。官方数据显示，该系统将回收准确率提升至98%，为环保部门削减了超过6$