Unit1 Helping those in need 词汇(拓展) 短语句型用法, 写作解析及配套练习 -2025-2026学年沪教版英语八年级下册

该初中英语讲义围绕“Helping those in need”单元，通过表格梳理必记单词、重点词汇拓展及短语，用对比形式呈现词汇的近义词、反义词和派生词，清晰构建“词汇-短语-句型”知识脉络，突出核心词汇如“volunteer”“donate”及重点句型如“offer to do sth.”的内在联系。 讲义亮点在于分层练习设计，基础巩固题强化词汇变形，语法填空和语篇填空提升语言运用能力，写作实战通过书信结构解析指导请求许可邮件写作，培养语言能力与思维品质。不同难度练习满足分层需求，助力教师精准教学，支持学生自主复习。

8B U1 词汇与句型 教学课题 8下 U1 Helping those in need 词汇与重点句型 教学内容 本讲概要 本讲知识点 能力目标 词汇(拓展), 短语与重点句型 ★★★★ 【知识要点】 一.必记单词 1.__________________ adj.上了年纪的 2.__________________ v.主动提出 3.__________________ adj.严重的 4.__________________ n.病; 疾病 5.__________________ n. 癌; 癌症 6.__________________ n.(pl.) 情绪; 心境 7.__________________ n.痛苦; 苦恼 8.__________________ v.适应; 合得来 9.__________________ adj.空闲的; 空余的 10.__________________ v.自愿做 11.__________________ n.高兴; 愉快; 喜悦 12.__________________ v.丧失, 失去 13.__________________ v.筹募 14.__________________ n.英镑 15.__________________ n.结构 16.__________________ n.准许; 许可 17.__________________ v.排列; 布置 18.__________________ v.捐赠; 赠送 19.__________________ adj.巨大的; 非凡的 20.__________________ adj. 令人愉快的; 宜人的 21.__________________ v.减轻; 缓解 22.__________________ v. 疼痛; 隐痛 1.elderly; 2.offer; 3.serious; 4.disease; 5.cancer; 6.spirits; 7.pain; 8.belong; 9.spare; 10.volunteer; 11.joy; 12.lose; 13.raise; 14.pound; 15.structure; 16.permission; 17.arrange; 18.donate; 19.mighty; 20.pleasant; 21.ease; 22.ache; 二.重点词汇拓展 1.elderly adj.上了年纪的 ______________ aged / ___________ old ____________ young / _____________ youthful → ________________ the elderly 老年人 2.offer v.主动提出 ______________ provide ____________ refuse ___________ offering → _________________ offer to do sth. 主动做某事 → _________________ offer help 提供帮助 → _________________ make an offer 出价/提议 3. serious adj.严重的 ______________ severe _____________ seriously ___________ seriousness → __________________ serious illness 重病 → __________________ be serious about / __________________ take sth. seriously认真对待 4. disease n.病; 疾病 ______________ illness / _____________ sickness / _____________ disorder ____________ health / ___________ wellness → __________________ heart disease 心脏病 → __________________ prevent disease 预防疾病 → __________________ infectious disease 传染病 5. cancer n. 癌; 癌症 _______________ cancerous 癌的;癌性的; 不治的 → __________________ lung cancer 肺癌 → ____________________ suffer from cancer 患癌 → ____________________ fight cancer 抗癌 6. pain n.痛苦; 苦恼 ______________ ache / ______________ suffering ____________ comfort / ___________ relief _______________ painful 令人痛苦的 / ______________ painless 无痛的 → __________________ in pain 疼痛, 在苦恼中 → __________________ relieve pain 缓解疼痛 7. belong v.适应; 合得来; 属于 _____________ belongings 所有物; 财产 → _________________ belong to 属于 → _________________ sense of belonging 归属感 8. spare adj.空闲的; 空余的 ___________ extra / ___________ free / ____________ additional → _________________ spare time 空闲时间 → __________________ spare no effort 不遗余力 9. volunteer v. 自愿做 _____________ voluntary 自愿的; 志愿的; 主动的 ______________ voluntarily 自愿地; 主动地; 义务地 →_____________ volunteer work 志愿工作 → _________________ volunteer to do 自愿做; 10. joy n.高兴; 愉快; 喜悦 ___________ happiness / ___________ delight / ____________ pleasure ____________ sorrow / _____________ sadness _____________ joyful 高兴的; 快乐的 ______________ joyfully 高兴地; 喜悦地 → _________________ full of joy 充满喜悦 → _________________ jump for joy 欣喜若狂 11. lose v.丧失, 失去 _____________ lost 失去的; 迷路的 _____________ loss丧失; 损失; 丢失 → _________________ lose weight 减肥 → _________________ lose one's way 迷路 12. structure n.结构 _______________ structural 结构(或构造)上的 → ___________________ social structure 社会结构 → ___________________ sentence structure 句子结构 13. permission n.准许; 许可 / __________________ permit 允许, 准许; 许可证 → ____________________ ask for permission 请求允许 → ___________________ with one’s permission 经某人允许 14. arrange v.排列; 布置 _____________ arrangement → __________________ arrange a meeting 安排会议 → __________________arrange to do 安排做某事 → __________________ arrange for sb. to do sth. 安排某人做某事 15. donate v. 捐赠; 赠送 _____________ donation 捐赠物; 捐赠; 赠送 / _____________ donor 捐赠者 → __________________ donate money 捐款 → __________________donate blood 献血 16.mighty adj. 巨大的, 非凡的 ___________ powerful / ___________ strong ____________ powerless / __________ weak ______________ mightily 强烈地; 非常地; _____________ might 强大力量; 威力 → __________________ mighty force 强大的力量 → __________________ high and mighty 趾高气扬 17. pleasant adj. 令人愉快的; 宜人的 ___________ enjoyable / ___________ pleasing ______________ pleasantly _____________pleasure → __________________ pleasant weather 宜人天气 → __________________ pleasant trip 愉快的旅行 18. ease v. 减轻; 缓解 ___________ comfort / ____________ relieve _______________ easy ______________ easily → __________________ with ease 轻松地 → __________________ ease the pain 缓解疼痛 → __________________ at ease 自在 19. ache v. 疼痛; 隐痛; n. 疼痛 ___________ pain → __________________ ache for 渴望 → __________________ aches and pains 周身疼痛 三.重点短语 1.___________________ 志愿工作 2.___________________ 帮助生病的人 3. ___________________ 帮助残疾人 4.___________________ 帮助老年人 5.___________________ 教儿童英语 6.___________________ 捡拾垃圾 7.___________________ 照顾无家可归的猫狗 8. ___________________ 清理社区公共区域 9.___________________ 陪伴老人聊天 10.___________________ 为小朋友辅导作业 11.___________________ 向贫困孩子赠书 12. ___________________ 帮忙组织图书捐赠活动 13.___________________ 在公交站引导路人 14.___________________ 参加植树活动 15.___________________ 给盲人读故事 16.___________________ 主动提出帮忙 17.___________________ 遭受, 患...病 18.___________________ 严重的疾病 19.___________________ (使)高兴起来 20.___________________ 组织一个绘画比赛 21.___________________ 使某人振奋 22.___________________ 鼓励某人做某事 23.___________________ 表达某人的情感 24.___________________ 在某人的空闲时间 25.___________________ 残疾儿童 26.___________________ 做某事有困难 27.___________________ 社会活动 28.___________________ 情绪低落 29.___________________ 慈善音乐会 30.___________________ 烘焙食品义卖 31.___________________ 庭院旧货出售 32.___________________ 慈善手工艺品集市 33.___________________ 筹款传单 34.___________________ 筹款宣传展板 35.___________________ 目的是, 为了 36.___________________ 组织一次探访 37.___________________ 插花 38.___________________ 捐赠手工材料 39.___________________ 收拾, 整理 40.___________________ 期待... 41.___________________ 水滴 42.___________________ 沙粒 43.___________________ 浩瀚的大海 44.___________________ 宜人的土地 45.___________________ 善良的行为 46.___________________ 清除杂草 47.___________________ 枉费心机,徒劳无益 48.___________________ 缓解一个生命的痛苦 49.___________________ 事情不太顺利 50.___________________ 七分之一的人 51.___________________ 血型 52.___________________ 万能供血者 53.___________________ 万能受血者 答案: 1.voluntary work; 2.helping sick people; 3.helping disabled people; 4.helping elderly people; 5.teaching children English; 6.picking up liltter; 7.looking after homeless dogs or cats; 8.clean up community public areas; 9.chat with the elderly; 10. help kids with their homework; 11.give out books to poor children; 12.help organize a book donation; 13.guide people at the bus stop; 14.join in a tree-planting activity; 15.read stories to blind people; 16.offer to help; 17. suffer from; 18.serious disease; 19.cheer sb. up; 20.organize a painting competition; 21.raise one’s spirits; 22.encourage sb. to do sth.; 23.express one’s feelings; 24.in one’s spare time; 25.disabled children; 26.have difficulty doing sth.; 27.social activities; 28.in low spirits; 29.charity concert; 30.bake sale; 31. yard sale; 32.charity craft fair; 33.fund-raising flyer; 34.fun-raising poster board; 35.in order to; 36.organize a visit; 37.flower arranging; 38.donate craft materials; 39.tidy up; 40.look forward to; 41.drops of water; 42.grains of sand; 43.mighty ocean; 44.pleasant land; 45.kind deeds; 46.keep out the weeds; 47.in vain; 48.ease one life the aching; 49. things aren’t going right; 50.one in seven people; 51.blood type; 52.universal donor; 53.universal recipient; 课文呈现 Voluntary work Dong Lili 39minutes ago I saw a notice for voluntary work at the children’s hospital, so my best friend and I offered to help. The children there all suffer from serious disease like cancer. Some of them were very sad. We wanted to cheer them up with some fun activities. For example, we organized a painting competition to raise their spirits. I met a girl called Jin Ya. She wanted to paint a picture of the park near her home. However, she could not go there herself, so I went to the park and took some photos. Jin Ya used them for her painting. Wang Jie yesterday My mother and I met some children with no parents. The children were quiet and unhappy. We encouraged them to tell stories from their own life. This helps them express their feelings. One child said, “My friends don’t understand my pain. Sometimes I feel like I don’t belong anywhere.” We spent time with a girl called Liu Yun. Her parents died in a car accident, so she is very lonely. She is really unhappy and needs someone to talk to. My mother and I will continue to visit Liu Yun in our spare time. Ding Ling 3days ago I volunteered to help disabled children. Some of them have difficulty moving around and taking part in social activities. I taught them to sing because music an bring them joy. I mat a boy called Su Le. He lost his leg in an accident two months ago. Football is his favorite sport, and he was in low spirits because he could not play it any more. We can help children like Su Le feel more positive after an accident. I will continue to do voluntary work in the future. 课文解析 1.I saw a notice for voluntary work at the children’s hospital, so my best friend and I offered to help. 【解析】offer v. = be willing to do something 主动提出 offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事 E.g. Peter主动提出教他们滑冰。 Peter offered to teach them to skate. ______________________________________ 搭配：offer one's hand 伸出友好的手 offer sb. sth. 为某人提供某物=offer sth. to sb. E.g. 我的老师为我提供了一些建议。 My teacher offered me some suggestions. 我们应该对需要帮助的人伸出援手。 We should offer our hands to those in need. ____________________________________________________ 辨析：provide, offer的区别： provide用于表示无主动慷慨之意地为人或物提供需要或有用的东西，仅仅是出于某种责任，强调提供必须用的东西，尤其是生活用品。常用于provide sb. with sth. 或provide sth. for sb. 的固定搭配中。 offer表示主动提供服务、工作等。常用于offer sb. sth.或offer sth. to sb. 固定搭配中。例如：offer sb.主动提出帮助某人；offer sb. a good salary 给某人一个好工资。 改写: The earth provides us with air, water and food. = The earth provides air,water and food for us. ________________________________________________ He offered me a glass of wine. = He offered a glass of wine to me. ____________________________________ 2.The children there all suffer from serious diseases like cancer.  【解析1】suffer from “患 (某种病)”、“为…所苦”、“受…折磨” suffer from + 疾病 / 痛苦 suffer from a headache 头痛 suffer from poverty/hunger 受贫穷/饥饿之苦 E.g. 很多老年人患有心脏病。 Many old people suffer from heart disease. _____________________________________ 辨析 have & suffer from： have：最通用的词, 仅表示“患有”, 不强调痛苦。 She has a cold. 她感冒了。 suffer from: 侧重于描述“因某种原因而长期经受痛苦的过程”。 【解析2】serious adj. 严重的; 认真的; 严肃的 词形变换: seriously adv. 严重地; 认真地 seriousness n. 严重性 搭配: serious illness/disease 重病 serious problem 严重问题 be serious about … 对…… 认真 E.g. 他对学习很认真。 He is serious about his study. ________________________________ 辨析 serious & severe serious：严重的(病情、问题) severe：与 serious 非常接近, 但常强调 “极其严厉、苛刻、剧烈”, 在描述疾病、疼痛、天气时比 serious 程度更深。 E.g. a severe storm 猛烈的暴风雨; severe pain (剧痛)更重、更强烈 【解析3】disease n. (具体的) 疾病; 病 heart disease 心脏病 E.g. 吸烟会导致肺部疾病。 Smoking can cause lung disease. _________________________________ 辨析 disease, illness & sickness disease：具体的病 (心脏病、癌症、肺病等) illness：泛指生病的状态; 更侧重于个人主观感受到的“生病状态” (感觉不适), 或一段时期的疾病, 通常不如 disease 具体。 sickness：多指恶心、不适。 3.We wanted to cheer them up with some fun activities. 【解析】cheer sb. up “使某人高兴/振作起来”，通常用于安慰或鼓励情绪低落的人。 cheer +某人+ up = cheer up +某人 (名词可放中间或后面) = cheer 代词 + up (代词必须放中间) cheer sb. up with sth.：用某物来使某人开心 E.g. 我试着用一个小礼物让她开心起来。 I tried to cheer her up with a small gift. ________________________________________________ 4.For example, we organized a painting competition to raise their spirits. 【解析1】organize v. 组织（+“人群”或“活动”） E.g. 最终, 我们一致决定组织一场复活节音乐会。 In the end, we all decided to organize a concert for Easter. __________________________________________ 词形变换：organization n. 组织; 机构; 团体; organizer 组织者 E.g. 关于我们的组织你知道些什么？ What do you know about our organization?____________________________________________ 【解析2】raise raise v. 筹集; 提升; 增加 第三人称单数：raises 过去式：raised 过去分词：raised 现在分词：raising 搭配：raise one's spirits 打起精神 E.g.只有你能让他打起精神来。 Only you can make him raise his spirits. _____________________________________________________ raise money 筹款； E.g.我们在进行慈善募捐。 We are raising money for charity. ___________________________________________ raise one's voice 提高嗓门； E.g. 为了让人能听得见, 安妮提高了嗓门。 Anne raised her voice in order to be heard. __________________________________________________ raise a family养家糊口； E.g. 他卖袜子来养家糊口。 He sold socks to raise his family./He raised his family by selling socks. ___________________________________________________________________ raise price 提高价格； E.g. 政府最近提高了油价。 The government has raised fuel price recently. ______________________________________________________________ raise = keep 有“抚养”的意思, 如: raise children (抚养孩子) E.g. 一个单亲妈妈养3个孩子很不简单。 It is not easy for a single mother to raise three children. _______________________________________________________________ 辨析：raise & rise(rise--rose--risen) (1)这两个词都有“提高, 上升, 增加”的意思, 但其用法不同。 raise是及物动词, 其主语通常是人; 而rise是不及物动词, 其主语通常是物。 E.g. The sun rises and bathes the earth. 太阳升起, 普照大地。 How can we raise standards in schools? 我们怎样才能提高学校的水平？ (2) raise和rise用于同一事物时含义不同。 E.g. The price of TV sets has been raised recently. 最近电视机提价了。(政府或厂家主动行动) The price of TV sets has risen recently. 最近电视机提价了。(市场调节, 自然升高的) 5.We encouraged them to tell stories from their own life. 【解析】encourage v. 鼓励, 鼓舞; 支持; 促进; 鼓动 + sb. + to do 鼓励某人做某事 E.g. 我的英语老师常常鼓励我们大声读英语。 My English teacher often encourages us to read English loudly. _____________________________________________________________________ 词形变换: courage n. 勇气; 勇敢 搭配：take one's courage in both hands 鼓起勇气去做; 敢作敢为 E.g. 他表现得十分勇敢和果断。 He showed great courage and determination. __________________________________________ 她壮着胆打开门, 走了进去。 Taking her courage in both hands, she opened the door and walked in. _________________________________________________________________ 6.This helps them express their feelings.  【解析】express v. 表达(意思); 表露(感情) E.g. 诗歌是用来表达情感的。 Poems are used to express our feelings._________________________________________ 词形变换：expression n. 表现, 表示, 表达, 表情; expressive adj. 富于表情的, 有表现力的, 意味深长的 E.g. 你能读懂她脸上的表情吗？ Can you read her expression? __________________________________________ 7. so she is very lonely. 【解析】lonely adj. 孤独的; 寂寞的; 荒凉的 (比较级：lonelier最高级：loneliest) E.g. 当时, 他觉得自己是世界上最孤独的孩子。 At that time, he thought he was the loneliest child in the world. ______________________________________ 辨析：lonely & alone： alone为形容词, 意为“单独的”, 作表语, 不能作定语。侧重说明独自一人, 没有助手或同伴, 没有感情色彩的只表示客观的状态。 E.g. 我现在一个人。I’ m alone now. lonely意为“孤独的”, 表示主观上感到孤独、寂寞, 有较浓的感情色彩, 指因缺少朋友、同情、友谊等产生的一种悲伤和忧郁的感情。它为形容词, 在句中作表语或定语。作定语时, 意为“荒凉; 偏僻”, 多修饰表示地点的名词。 alone还可以作副词。 alone adv. 单独, 独自 = by oneself =on one’s own E.g. The old man lives in a lonely town, he lives alone but he doesn't feel lonely. 这位老人住在偏僻的镇上, 他独自一人住着, 但他并不感到孤独。 她独自回家去了。 She went home alone. __________________________________ 他喜欢独自工作。 He likes working alone/by himself/on his own. ____________________________________ 8.I volunteered to help disabled children. 【解析】disabled adj. 有伤残的; 丧失能力的; 不中用的 同根词：disable v. = make (sb.) unable to do sth. 使无能力; 使残废, 使伤残 E.g. 那次车祸把他弄残疾了, 之后他再也不能行走。 The accident disabled him and he couldn’t walk any more. ___________________________________________ enable v. = make (sb.) able to do sth. 使(某人)能够做某事 E.g. 这个新计划使老年人有机会在大学学习。 The new programme enables older people to study at college. __________________________________________ 搭配：mentally disabled 有智力缺陷 learning disabilities 学习障碍 unable adj. 意思是“无法……,不能够……” be unable to do sth. 不能/无法做某事 9.Some of them have difficulty moving around and taking part in social activities. 【解析】difficulty n. = be not able to do something easily 困难; 费劲 E.g. 没有什么事情是可以没有任何困难就完成的。 Nothing can be finished without difficulty. _____________________________________________ 同根词：difficult adj. = hard to do 困难的 这个问题太难回答了。 The question is too difficult to answer. _________________________________________________ 搭配：have difficulty (in) doing something 做……有困难 我毫不费力地找到了朋友的家。 I have no difficulty in finding my friend’s home. __________________________________________ in difficulty/difficulties 处境困难 在失去工作之后, 他现在正处在困境中。 He is in difficulty after losing his job. ___________________________________________________ 10.I taught them to sing because music can bring them joy. 【解析】joy n. = a feeling of great happiness 愉快; 喜悦 E.g. 音乐能给我们带来喜悦与平和。 Music can bring us joy and peace. ____________________________________________________ 词形变换：joyful adj. 快乐的, 高兴的; 令人开心的, 使人喜悦的 Children are always joyful when playing with that joyful circus. 搭配：to one's joy 令人高兴的是, 使某人高兴的是 E.g. 让他高兴的是, 他终于能够去上大学了。 To his joy, he could go to college at last. ___________________________________________________ 11.Some local shops have donated craft materials for us to use. 【解析】donate 意为“捐赠, 捐献”, 通常指无偿地给予金钱、物品、时间或身体组织(如血液、器官), 常用于慈善或公益语境。 搭配: donate sth. (to sb./sth.) 捐赠某物(给某人/某机构) E.g. 这家公司向当地医院捐赠了一大笔钱。 The company donated a large sum of money to the local hospital. _____________________________________________________________ 词形变换: donation n. 捐赠; 捐款 make a donation 进行捐赠 donor n. 捐赠者; 献血者 12. Could you please give us permission to organize the activity? 【解析1】could you please do...? 能否请你...？/ 可不可以请你...？ 这是一个非常常用的礼貌请求句型, 用于委婉地请求别人做某事, 比 "Can you..." 更正式、更客气。非常礼貌、委婉, 给对方留有拒绝的余地。通常用于对陌生人、长辈或正式场合的请求。 肯定请求：Could you please + 动词原形 + ...? Could you please pass me the salt? 能否请你把盐递给我? 否定请求：Could you please not + 动词原形 + ...? 请求对方不要做某事 Could you please not smoke here? 能否请你不要在这里吸烟? 常见回答: 肯定回答：Sure. / Of course. / Certainly. / No problem. 当然可以。 否定回答：Sorry, I can't. / I'm afraid I can't. 抱歉, 我做不到。 近义句型: Can you please...? 更直接、口语化, 常用于朋友或熟人之间。 Would you please...? 比 "Could you..." 更委婉、正式, 常用于表达高度尊重或正式场合。 【解析2】permission n. 准许; 批准。指允许某人做某事的权利或状态, 通常需要从权威人士(如父母、老师、上级)处获得。 ask for permission 请求许可 give sb. permission to do sth. 允许某人做某事 have/get/obtain permission 获得许可 with one’s permission 经某人允许 without permission 未经允许 词形变换: permit ①v.+sb. to do; = allow sb. to do 许可, 准许; 默许 (permitting-permitted) ②n. 许可证, 执照; E.g. 他们不允许人们在这里停车。 They don't permit people to park here. ________________________________________________ 大多数在这里工作的外国人都有工作许可证。 The majority of foreign nationals working here have work permits. _____________________________________________________________________ 常用被动式 sb. is permitted to do sth. E.g. 我们不被允许6点前离校。 We are not permitted to leave the school before 6 o'clock. _________________________________________________________________ Homework 一.单词基础巩固练习, 注意适当形式 1.The new policy is designed to ________ (减轻) the financial burden on low-income families. 2.We had a ____________ (令人愉快的) evening talking with our old friends. 3.She felt a sharp ____________ (疼痛) in her back after lifting the heavy box. 4.The company decided to ____________ (捐赠) 100 computers to the village school. 5.With ____________ (强大的) support from the community, the project succeeded. 6.You must obtain ____________ (许可) from the city council before building the shed. 7.My mother helped me ____________ (安排) the birthday party for my grandma. 8.We need to learn the basic ____________ (结构) of an English sentence. 9.It is a great ________ (喜悦) to see our efforts finally paying off. 10.We plan to ____________ (筹集) money for the homeless animals this weekend. 11.I've spent 25 ____________ (英镑) on food today. 12.Be careful not to ____________ (丢失) your passport when you travel abroad. 13.Do you have any ____________ (空闲的) time to help me review this report? 14.Many young people ____________ (自愿做) to work in the countryside every summer. 15.This blue backpack ____________ (属于) to Lucy; there is her name on it. 16.Regular exercise can help prevent many common ____________ (疾病). 17.The funny game lifted everyone’s ____________ (情绪) at the party. 18.They ____________ (主动提供) to teach the disabled children music. 19.Early detection is crucial in the successful treatment of many types of ___________ (癌症). 20.The doctor said his condition was ____________ (严重的) and he needed an operation at once. 21.We should respect and care for the ____________ (上了年纪的) people in our community. 22. The medication should help to relieve the ____________ (疼痛) in your joints. 答案: 1.ease; 2.pleasant; 3.ache; 4.donate; 5.mighty; 6.permission; 7.arrange; 8.structure; 9.joy; 10.raise; 11.pounds; 12.lose; 13.spare; 14.volunteer; 15.belongs; 16.diseases; 17.spirits; 18.offer; 19.cancer; 20.serious; 21.elderly; 22.pain; 二.在空白处填入所给单词的适当形式。 1.The government plans to raise public awareness about the __________ (serious) of heart disease. 2.To my great ______________ (joyful), I passed the exam. 3.The team's ________ (lose) in the finals was a huge disappointment. 4.He felt a ___________ (might) blow across his shoulder. 5.Storms have caused _____________ (structure) damage to hundreds of homes 6.You must ask for ______________ (permit) before taking photos. 7.We are making ______________ (arrange) for the meeting. 8.The company decided to increase its yearly ___________ (donate) to the children's hospital. 9.______________ (cancer) cells can grow very fast. 10.I do some _____________ (volunteer) work at the local hospital. 11.His ______________ (pain) experience made him strong. 12.We should respect the ______________ (elder) in our community. 13.She packed her few ____________ (belong) in a bag and left. 14.We had a ______________ (please) trip last week. 15.The medicine can bring ______________ (easy) to the patients. 答案: 1.seriousness; 2.joy; 3.loss; 4.mighty; 5.structural; 6.permission; 7.arrangements; 8.donation; 9.Cancerous; 10. voluntary; 11.painful; 12.elderly; 13.belongings; 14.pleasant; 15.ease; 三.课文语法填空 Voluntary work Dong Lili 39minutes ago I saw a notice for ____________ voluntary (volunteer) work at the children’s hospital, so my best friend and I offered __________ to help (help). The children there all suffer from serious disease like cancer. Some of them were very sad. We wanted to cheer them up with some fun activities. For example, we organized a painting ____________ competition (compete) to raise their spirits. I met a girl called Jin Ya. She wanted to paint a picture of the park near her home. However, she could not go there herself, so I went to the park and took some photos. Jin Ya used them _______ for her painting. Wang Jie yesterday My mother and I met some children with no parents. The children were quiet and unhappy. We __________ encouraged (courage) them to tell stories from their own life. This helps them express their feelings. One child said, “My friends don’t understand my pain. Sometimes I feel like I don’t belong anywhere.” We spent time with a girl called Liu Yun. Her parents died in a car accident, so she is very _________ lonely (alone). She is really unhappy and needs someone to talk to. My mother and I will continue to visit Liu Yun in our spare time. Ding Ling 3days ago I volunteered to help __________ disabled (able) children. Some of them have difficulty ________ moving (move) around and taking part in social activities. I taught them to sing because music an bring them _________ joy (joyful). I mat a boy called Su Le. He lost his leg in an accident two months ago. Football is his favorite sport, and he was _____ in low spirits because he could not play it any more. We can help children like Su Le feel more positive after _______ an accident. I will continue to do voluntary work in the future. 四.重点句子默写 1.my best friend and I ________ __________ _________. 我和最好的朋友主动提出去帮忙。 2.The children there all __________ __________ _________ __________ like cancer. 那里的孩子们都患有像癌症这样的重病。 3.We wanted to _________ _________ __________ with some fun activities. 我们想通过一些有趣的活动让他们高兴起来。 4.We organized a painting competition to _________ _________ _________. 我们组织了一场绘画比赛来鼓舞他们的情绪。 5.We encouraged them to tell stories _________ _________ _________ __________. 我们鼓励他们讲述自己生活中的故事。 6. This helps them _________ __________ __________. 这有助于他们表达自己的感受。 7. She is really unhappy and needs _________ ________ _________ ________. 她真的很不开心, 需要有人和她说说话。 8. Some of them _________ __________ _________ __________ and taking part in ________ _________. 他们中的一些人行动不便, 也难以参加社交活动。 9. Football is his favorite sport, and he was _______ ______ _______ because he could not play it any more. 足球是他最喜欢的运动, 因为再也不能踢球了, 他情绪很低落。 10.We can help children like Su Le ________ ________ ________ after an accident. 我们可以帮助像苏乐这样的孩子在事故后变得更积极乐观。 11._______ _______ ________ help children ________ ________ , we plan to organize a visit to the children's home next week. 为了帮助有需要的孩子们, 我们计划下周组织一次去儿童之家的探访。 12.We plan to teach the children there to do fun activities like _________ _________ and ______________. 我们计划教那里的孩子们做一些有趣的活动, 比如插花和剪纸。 13.Could you please ________ ________ _________ to organize the activity? 请你允许我们组织这次活动好吗？ 答案: 1.offered to help; 2.suffer from serious disease; 3.cheer them up; 4.raise their spirits; 5.from their own life; 6.express their feelings; 7.someone to talk to; 8.have difficulty moving around, social activities; 9.in low spirits; 10.feel more positive; 11.In order to, in need; 12.flower arranging, paper-cutting; 13.give us permission; 五.语篇填空 阅读短文, 在空白处填人一个适当的单词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空, 使短文通顺、连贯。 Last Saturday, I 1.__________ (volunteer) at the children’s hospital with my classmates. The children there suffer from 2.__________ (seriously) illnesses. Some of them felt lonely and sad, so we wanted 3.__________ (cheer) them up. We brought many small gifts and prepared fun 4.__________ (activity). I taught some kids to sing songs because music can bring 5.__________ (joyful) to them. My friend helped 6.__________ (they) draw pictures. We also raised our 7.__________ (spirit) by playing games together. We spent our spare time 8.__________ the children. Although we were tired, we felt happy. It’s important 9.__________ us to help people in need. I decide to do more voluntary work 10.__________ the future. 答案: 1.volunteered; 2.serious; 3.to cheer; 4.activities; 5.joy; 6.them; 7.spirits; 8.with; 9.for; 10.in; 写作 本单元的写作是写一封请求志愿活动许可的电子邮件。 书信结构解析: 开头: 自我介绍 + 写信目的 I'm Li Hua, a student from Class X, Grade Y. I'm writing to ask for your permission to... 正文​ 活动细节（时间+内容+意义） We plan to... on [日期] at [时间]. Our activities will include... This will help... 结尾​ 礼貌请求 + 联系方式 We would be grateful if you could... Please feel free to contact me at... Thank you for your time and consideration. 签名 标准信件格式 Yours sincerely, [Your Name] 写作实战 假如你是李华, 你们班准备组织一次图书馆志愿活动, 请你给图书馆馆长写一封信, 以获得许可。 内容包括:1.写信的目的; 2.要组织的活动; 要求:1.词数80-100; 2.可适当增加细节,以使行文流畅。 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Dear Mr./Ms. Library Director, I’m Li Hua, a student from Class 2, Grade 8. I’m writing to ask for your permission to organize a voluntary activity in the library with my classmates. We plan to do this next Friday afternoon, from 2:00 to 4:00 PM. We want to help make the library a better place for everyone. First, we will put the books back in the right places so that readers can find them easily. Second, we will clean the desks, windows and floors of the reading room. Besides, we will help younger students find the books they need and tell them to keep quiet in the library. We are sure to finish the work carefully and politely. Could you please give us permission to hold this activity? We are looking forward to your reply. Yours sincerely, Li Hua 1 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $8B U1 词汇与句型 教学课题 8下 U1 Helping those in need 词汇与重点句型 教学内容 本讲概要 本讲知识点 能力目标 词汇(拓展), 短语与重点句型 ★★★★ 【知识要点】 一.必记单词 1.__________________ adj.上了年纪的 2.__________________ v.主动提出 3.__________________ adj.严重的 4.__________________ n.病; 疾病 5.__________________ n. 癌; 癌症 6.__________________ n.(pl.) 情绪; 心境 7.__________________ n.痛苦; 苦恼 8.__________________ v.适应; 合得来 9.__________________ adj.空闲的; 空余的 10.__________________ v.自愿做 11.__________________ n.高兴; 愉快; 喜悦 12.__________________ v.丧失, 失去 13.__________________ v.筹募 14.__________________ n.英镑 15.__________________ n.结构 16.__________________ n.准许; 许可 17.__________________ v.排列; 布置 18.__________________ v.捐赠; 赠送 19.__________________ adj.巨大的; 非凡的 20.__________________ adj. 令人愉快的; 宜人的 21.__________________ v.减轻; 缓解 22.__________________ v. 疼痛; 隐痛 二.重点词汇拓展 1.elderly adj.上了年纪的 ______________ / ___________ ____________ / _____________ → ________________ 老年人 2.offer v.主动提出 ______________ ____________ ___________ → _________________ 主动做某事 → _________________ 提供帮助 → _________________ 出价/提议 3. serious adj.严重的 ______________ _____________ ___________ → __________________ 重病 → __________________ / __________________ 认真对待 4. disease n.病; 疾病 ______________ / _____________ / _____________ ____________ / ___________ → __________________ 心脏病 → __________________ 预防疾病 → __________________ 传染病 5. cancer n. 癌; 癌症 _______________ 癌的;癌性的; 不治的 → _________________ 肺癌 → ____________________ 患癌 → ____________________ 抗癌 6. pain n.痛苦; 苦恼 ______________ / ______________ ____________ / ___________ _______________ 令人痛苦的 / ______________ 无痛的 → __________________ 疼痛, 在苦恼中 → __________________ 缓解疼痛 7. belong v.适应; 合得来; 属于 _____________ 所有物; 财产 → _________________ 属于 → _________________ 归属感 8. spare adj.空闲的; 空余的 ___________ / ___________ / ____________ → _________________ 空闲时间 → __________________ 不遗余力 9. volunteer v. 自愿做 _____________ 自愿的; 志愿的; 主动的 ______________ 自愿地; 主动地; 义务地 →_____________ 志愿工作 → _________________ 自愿做; 10. joy n.高兴; 愉快; 喜悦 ___________ / ___________ / ____________ ____________ / _____________ _____________ 高兴的; 快乐的 ______________ 高兴地; 喜悦地 → _________________ 充满喜悦 → _________________ 欣喜若狂 11. lose v.丧失, 失去 _____________ 失去的; 迷路的 _____________ 丧失; 损失; 丢失 → _________________ 减肥 → _________________ 迷路 12. structure n.结构 _______________ 结构(或构造)上的 → ___________________ 社会结构 → ___________________ 句子结构 13. permission n.准许; 许可 / __________________ 允许, 准许; 许可证 → ____________________ 请求允许 → ___________________ 经某人允许 14. arrange v.排列; 布置 _____________ → __________________ 安排会议 → __________________ 安排做某事 → __________________ 安排某人做某事 15. donate v. 捐赠; 赠送 _____________ 捐赠物; 捐赠; 赠送 / _____________ 捐赠者 → __________________ 捐款 → __________________ 献血 16.mighty adj. 巨大的, 非凡的 ___________ / ___________ ____________ / __________ ______________ 强烈地; 非常地; _____________ 强大力量; 威力 → __________________ 强大的力量 → __________________ 趾高气扬 17. pleasant adj. 令人愉快的; 宜人的 ___________ / ___________ ______________ _____________ → __________________ 宜人天气 → __________________ 愉快的旅行 18. ease v. 减轻; 缓解 ___________ / ____________ _______________ ______________ → __________________ 轻松地 → __________________ 缓解疼痛 → __________________ 自在 19. ache v. 疼痛; 隐痛; n. 疼痛 ___________ → __________________ 渴望 → __________________ 周身疼痛 三.重点短语 1.___________________ 志愿工作 2.___________________ 帮助生病的人 3. ___________________ 帮助残疾人 4.___________________ 帮助老年人 5.___________________ 教儿童英语 6.___________________ 捡拾垃圾 7.___________________ 照顾无家可归的猫狗 8. ___________________ 清理社区公共区域 9.___________________ 陪伴老人聊天 10.___________________ 为小朋友辅导作业 11.___________________ 向贫困孩子赠书 12. ___________________ 帮忙组织图书捐赠活动 13.___________________ 在公交站引导路人 14.___________________ 参加植树活动 15.___________________ 给盲人读故事 16.___________________ 主动提出帮忙 17.___________________ 遭受, 患...病 18.___________________ 严重的疾病 19.___________________ (使)高兴起来 20.___________________ 组织一个绘画比赛 21.___________________ 使某人振奋 22.___________________ 鼓励某人做某事 23.___________________ 表达某人的情感 24.___________________ 在某人的空闲时间 25.___________________ 残疾儿童 26.___________________ 做某事有困难 27.___________________ 社会活动 28.___________________ 情绪低落 29.___________________ 慈善音乐会 30.___________________ 烘焙食品义卖 31.___________________ 庭院旧货出售 32.___________________ 慈善手工艺品集市 33.___________________ 筹款传单 34.___________________ 筹款宣传展板 35.___________________ 目的是, 为了 36.___________________ 组织一次探访 37.___________________ 插花 38.___________________ 捐赠手工材料 39.___________________ 收拾, 整理 40.___________________ 期待... 41.___________________ 水滴 42.___________________ 沙粒 43.___________________ 浩瀚的大海 44.___________________ 宜人的土地 45.___________________ 善良的行为 46.___________________ 清除杂草 47.___________________ 枉费心机,徒劳无益 48.___________________ 缓解一个生命的痛苦 49.___________________ 事情不太顺利 50.___________________ 七分之一的人 51.___________________ 血型 52.___________________ 万能供血者 53.___________________ 万能受血者 课文呈现 Voluntary work Dong Lili 39minutes ago I saw a notice for voluntary work at the children’s hospital, so my best friend and I offered to help. The children there all suffer from serious disease like cancer. Some of them were very sad. We wanted to cheer them up with some fun activities. For example, we organized a painting competition to raise their spirits. I met a girl called Jin Ya. She wanted to paint a picture of the park near her home. However, she could not go there herself, so I went to the park and took some photos. Jin Ya used them for her painting. Wang Jie yesterday My mother and I met some children with no parents. The children were quiet and unhappy. We encouraged them to tell stories from their own life. This helps them express their feelings. One child said, “My friends don’t understand my pain. Sometimes I feel like I don’t belong anywhere.” We spent time with a girl called Liu Yun. Her parents died in a car accident, so she is very lonely. She is really unhappy and needs someone to talk to. My mother and I will continue to visit Liu Yun in our spare time. Ding Ling 3days ago I volunteered to help disabled children. Some of them have difficulty moving around and taking part in social activities. I taught them to sing because music an bring them joy. I mat a boy called Su Le. He lost his leg in an accident two months ago. Football is his favorite sport, and he was in low spirits because he could not play it any more. We can help children like Su Le feel more positive after an accident. I will continue to do voluntary work in the future. 课文解析 1.I saw a notice for voluntary work at the children’s hospital, so my best friend and I offered to help. 【解析】offer v. = be willing to do something 主动提出 offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事 E.g. Peter主动提出教他们滑冰。 ______________________________________ 搭配：offer one's hand 伸出友好的手 offer sb. sth. 为某人提供某物=offer sth. to sb. E.g. 我的老师为我提供了一些建议。 我们应该对需要帮助的人伸出援手。 ____________________________________________________ 辨析：provide, offer的区别： provide用于表示无主动慷慨之意地为人或物提供需要或有用的东西，仅仅是出于某种责任，强调提供必须用的东西，尤其是生活用品。常用于provide sb. with sth. 或provide sth. for sb. 的固定搭配中。 offer表示主动提供服务、工作等。常用于offer sb. sth.或offer sth. to sb. 固定搭配中。例如：offer sb.主动提出帮助某人；offer sb. a good salary 给某人一个好工资。 改写: The earth provides us with air, water and food. = ____________________________________________ He offered me a glass of wine. = ____________________________________ 2.The children there all suffer from serious diseases like cancer.  【解析1】suffer from “患 (某种病)”、“为…所苦”、“受…折磨” suffer from + 疾病 / 痛苦 suffer from a headache 头痛 suffer from poverty/hunger 受贫穷/饥饿之苦 E.g. 很多老年人患有心脏病。 ____________________________________ 辨析 have & suffer from： have：最通用的词, 仅表示“患有”, 不强调痛苦。 She has a cold. 她感冒了。 suffer from: 侧重于描述“因某种原因而长期经受痛苦的过程”。 【解析2】serious adj. 严重的; 认真的; 严肃的 词形变换: seriously adv. 严重地; 认真地 seriousness n. 严重性 搭配: serious illness/disease 重病 serious problem 严重问题 be serious about … 对…… 认真 E.g. 他对学习很认真。 ________________________________ 辨析 serious & severe serious：严重的(病情、问题) severe：与 serious 非常接近, 但常强调 “极其严厉、苛刻、剧烈”, 在描述疾病、疼痛、天气时比 serious 程度更深。 E.g. a severe storm 猛烈的暴风雨; severe pain (剧痛)更重、更强烈 【解析3】disease n. (具体的) 疾病; 病 heart disease 心脏病 E.g. 吸烟会导致肺部疾病。 ________________________________ 辨析 disease, illness & sickness disease：具体的病 (心脏病、癌症、肺病等) illness：泛指生病的状态; 更侧重于个人主观感受到的“生病状态” (感觉不适), 或一段时期的疾病, 通常不如 disease 具体。 sickness：多指恶心、不适。 3.We wanted to cheer them up with some fun activities. 【解析】cheer sb. up “使某人高兴/振作起来”，通常用于安慰或鼓励情绪低落的人。 cheer +某人+ up = cheer up +某人 (名词可放中间或后面) = cheer 代词 + up (代词必须放中间) cheer sb. up with sth.：用某物来使某人开心 E.g. 我试着用一个小礼物让她开心起来。 ________________________________________________ 4.For example, we organized a painting competition to raise their spirits. 【解析1】organize v. 组织（+“人群”或“活动”） E.g. 最终, 我们一致决定组织一场复活节音乐会。 __________________________________________ 词形变换：organization n. 组织; 机构; 团体; organizer 组织者 E.g. 关于我们的组织你知道些什么？ ____________________________________________ 【解析2】raise raise v. 筹集; 提升; 增加 第三人称单数：raises 过去式：raised 过去分词：raised 现在分词：raising 搭配：raise one's spirits 打起精神 E.g.只有你能让他打起精神来。 _____________________________________________________ raise money 筹款； E.g.我们在进行慈善募捐。___________________________________________ raise one's voice 提高嗓门； E.g. 为了让人能听得见, 安妮提高了嗓门。 __________________________________________________ raise a family养家糊口； E.g. 他卖袜子来养家糊口。___________________________________________________________________ raise price 提高价格； E.g. 政府最近提高了油价。 ______________________________________________________________ raise = keep 有“抚养”的意思, 如: raise children (抚养孩子) E.g. 一个单亲妈妈养3个孩子很不简单。_____________________________________________________ 辨析：raise & rise(rise--rose--risen) (1)这两个词都有“提高, 上升, 增加”的意思, 但其用法不同。 raise是及物动词, 其主语通常是人; 而rise是不及物动词, 其主语通常是物。 E.g. The sun rises and bathes the earth. 太阳升起, 普照大地。 How can we raise standards in schools? 我们怎样才能提高学校的水平？ (2) raise和rise用于同一事物时含义不同。 E.g. The price of TV sets has been raised recently. 最近电视机提价了。(政府或厂家主动行动) The price of TV sets has risen recently. 最近电视机提价了。(市场调节, 自然升高的) 5.We encouraged them to tell stories from their own life. 【解析】encourage v. 鼓励, 鼓舞; 支持; 促进; 鼓动 + sb. + to do 鼓励某人做某事 E.g. 我的英语老师常常鼓励我们大声读英语。 _____________________________________________________________________ 词形变换: courage n. 勇气; 勇敢 搭配：take one's courage in both hands 鼓起勇气去做; 敢作敢为 E.g. 他表现得十分勇敢和果断。 __________________________________________ 她壮着胆打开门, 走了进去。____________________________________________________________ 6.This helps them express their feelings.  【解析】express v. 表达(意思); 表露(感情) E.g. 诗歌是用来表达情感的。 _________________________________________ 词形变换：expression n. 表现, 表示, 表达, 表情; expressive adj. 富于表情的, 有表现力的, 意味深长的 E.g. 你能读懂她脸上的表情吗？ __________________________________________ 7. so she is very lonely. 【解析】lonely adj. 孤独的; 寂寞的; 荒凉的 (比较级：lonelier最高级：loneliest) E.g. 当时, 他觉得自己是世界上最孤独的孩子。 ______________________________________ 辨析：lonely & alone： alone为形容词, 意为“单独的”, 作表语, 不能作定语。侧重说明独自一人, 没有助手或同伴, 没有感情色彩的只表示客观的状态。 E.g. 我现在一个人。I’ m alone now. lonely意为“孤独的”, 表示主观上感到孤独、寂寞, 有较浓的感情色彩, 指因缺少朋友、同情、友谊等产生的一种悲伤和忧郁的感情。它为形容词, 在句中作表语或定语。作定语时, 意为“荒凉; 偏僻”, 多修饰表示地点的名词。 alone还可以作副词。 alone adv. 单独, 独自 = by oneself =on one’s own E.g. The old man lives in a lonely town, he lives alone but he doesn't feel lonely. 这位老人住在偏僻的镇上, 他独自一人住着, 但他并不感到孤独。 她独自回家去了。 __________________________________ 他喜欢独自工作。 ____________________________________ 8.I volunteered to help disabled children. 【解析】disabled adj. 有伤残的; 丧失能力的; 不中用的 同根词：disable v. = make (sb.) unable to do sth. 使无能力; 使残废, 使伤残 E.g. 那次车祸把他弄残疾了, 之后他再也不能行走。 ___________________________________________ enable v. = make (sb.) able to do sth. 使(某人)能够做某事 E.g. 这个新计划使老年人有机会在大学学习。 __________________________________________ 搭配：mentally disabled 有智力缺陷 learning disabilities 学习障碍 unable adj. 意思是“无法……,不能够……” be unable to do sth. 不能/无法做某事 9.Some of them have difficulty moving around and taking part in social activities. 【解析】difficulty n. = be not able to do something easily 困难; 费劲 E.g. 没有什么事情是可以没有任何困难就完成的。__________________________________________ 同根词：difficult adj. = hard to do 困难的 这个问题太难回答了。 _________________________________________________ 搭配：have difficulty (in) doing something 做……有困难 我毫不费力地找到了朋友的家。 __________________________________________ in difficulty/difficulties 处境困难 在失去工作之后, 他现在正处在困境中。 ___________________________________________________ 10.I taught them to sing because music can bring them joy. 【解析】joy n. = a feeling of great happiness 愉快; 喜悦 E.g. 音乐能给我们带来喜悦与平和。 ____________________________________________________ 词形变换：joyful adj. 快乐的, 高兴的; 令人开心的, 使人喜悦的 Children are always joyful when playing with that joyful circus. 搭配：to one's joy 令人高兴的是, 使某人高兴的是 E.g. 让他高兴的是, 他终于能够去上大学了。_________________________________________________ 11.Some local shops have donated craft materials for us to use. 【解析】donate 意为“捐赠, 捐献”, 通常指无偿地给予金钱、物品、时间或身体组织(如血液、器官), 常用于慈善或公益语境。 搭配: donate sth. (to sb./sth.) 捐赠某物(给某人/某机构) E.g. 这家公司向当地医院捐赠了一大笔钱。___________________________________________________ 词形变换: donation n. 捐赠; 捐款 make a donation 进行捐赠 donor n. 捐赠者; 献血者 12. Could you please give us permission to organize the activity? 【解析1】could you please do...? 能否请你...？/ 可不可以请你...？ 这是一个非常常用的礼貌请求句型, 用于委婉地请求别人做某事, 比 "Can you..." 更正式、更客气。非常礼貌、委婉, 给对方留有拒绝的余地。通常用于对陌生人、长辈或正式场合的请求。 肯定请求：Could you please + 动词原形 + ...? Could you please pass me the salt? 能否请你把盐递给我? 否定请求：Could you please not + 动词原形 + ...? 请求对方不要做某事 Could you please not smoke here? 能否请你不要在这里吸烟? 常见回答: 肯定回答：Sure. / Of course. / Certainly. / No problem. 当然可以。 否定回答：Sorry, I can't. / I'm afraid I can't. 抱歉, 我做不到。 近义句型: Can you please...? 更直接、口语化, 常用于朋友或熟人之间。 Would you please...? 比 "Could you..." 更委婉、正式, 常用于表达高度尊重或正式场合。 【解析2】permission n. 准许; 批准。指允许某人做某事的权利或状态, 通常需要从权威人士(如父母、老师、上级)处获得。 ask for permission 请求许可 give sb. permission to do sth. 允许某人做某事 have/get/obtain permission 获得许可 with one’s permission 经某人允许 without permission 未经允许 词形变换: permit ①v.+sb. to do; = allow sb. to do 许可, 准许; 默许 (permitting-permitted) ②n. 许可证, 执照; E.g. 他们不允许人们在这里停车。________________________________________________ 大多数在这里工作的外国人都有工作许可证。 ________________________________________________ 常用被动式 sb. is permitted to do sth. E.g. 我们不被允许6点前离校。______________________________________________________________ Homework 一.单词基础巩固练习, 注意适当形式 1.The new policy is designed to ________ (减轻) the financial burden on low-income families. 2.We had a ____________ (令人愉快的) evening talking with our old friends. 3.She felt a sharp ____________ (疼痛) in her back after lifting the heavy box. 4.The company decided to ____________ (捐赠) 100 computers to the village school. 5.With ____________ (强大的) support from the community, the project succeeded. 6.You must obtain ____________ (许可) from the city council before building the shed. 7.My mother helped me ____________ (安排) the birthday party for my grandma. 8.We need to learn the basic ____________ (结构) of an English sentence. 9.It is a great ________ (喜悦) to see our efforts finally paying off. 10.We plan to ____________ (筹集) money for the homeless animals this weekend. 11.I've spent 25 ____________ (英镑) on food today. 12.Be careful not to ____________ (丢失) your passport when you travel abroad. 13.Do you have any ____________ (空闲的) time to help me review this report? 14.Many young people ____________ (自愿做) to work in the countryside every summer. 15.This blue backpack ____________ (属于) to Lucy; there is her name on it. 16.Regular exercise can help prevent many common ____________ (疾病). 17.The funny game lifted everyone’s ____________ (情绪) at the party. 18.They ____________ (主动提供) to teach the disabled children music. 19.Early detection is crucial in the successful treatment of many types of ___________ (癌症). 20.The doctor said his condition was ____________ (严重的) and he needed an operation at once. 21.We should respect and care for the ____________ (上了年纪的) people in our community. 22. The medication should help to relieve the ____________ (疼痛) in your joints. 二.在空白处填入所给单词的适当形式。 1.The government plans to raise public awareness about the __________ (serious) of heart disease. 2.To my great ______________ (joyful), I passed the exam. 3.The team's ________ (lose) in the finals was a huge disappointment. 4.He felt a ___________ (might) blow across his shoulder. 5.Storms have caused _____________ (structure) damage to hundreds of homes 6.You must ask for ______________ (permit) before taking photos. 7.We are making ______________ (arrange) for the meeting. 8.The company decided to increase its yearly ___________ (donate) to the children's hospital. 9.______________ (cancer) cells can grow very fast. 10.I do some _____________ (volunteer) work at the local hospital. 11.His ______________ (pain) experience made him strong. 12.We should respect the ______________ (elder) in our community. 13.She packed her few ____________ (belong) in a bag and left. 14.We had a ______________ (please) trip last week. 15.The medicine can bring ______________ (easy) to the patients. 三.课文语法填空 Voluntary work Dong Lili 39minutes ago I saw a notice for ____________ (volunteer) work at the children’s hospital, so my best friend and I offered __________ (help). The children there all suffer from serious disease like cancer. Some of them were very sad. We wanted to cheer them up with some fun activities. For example, we organized a painting ____________ (compete) to raise their spirits. I met a girl called Jin Ya. She wanted to paint a picture of the park near her home. However, she could not go there herself, so I went to the park and took some photos. Jin Ya used them _______ her painting. Wang Jie yesterday My mother and I met some children with no parents. The children were quiet and unhappy. We __________ (courage) them to tell stories from their own life. This helps them express their feelings. One child said, “My friends don’t understand my pain. Sometimes I feel like I don’t belong anywhere.” We spent time with a girl called Liu Yun. Her parents died in a car accident, so she is very _________ (alone). She is really unhappy and needs someone to talk to. My mother and I will continue to visit Liu Yun in our spare time. Ding Ling 3days ago I volunteered to help __________ (able) children. Some of them have difficulty ________ (move) around and taking part in social activities. I taught them to sing because music an bring them _________ (joyful). I mat a boy called Su Le. He lost his leg in an accident two months ago. Football is his favorite sport, and he was _____ low spirits because he could not play it any more. We can help children like Su Le feel more positive after _______ accident. I will continue to do voluntary work in the future. 四.重点句子默写 1.my best friend and I ________ __________ _________. 我和最好的朋友主动提出去帮忙。 2.The children there all __________ __________ _________ __________ like cancer. 那里的孩子们都患有像癌症这样的重病。 3.We wanted to _________ _________ __________ with some fun activities. 我们想通过一些有趣的活动让他们高兴起来。 4.We organized a painting competition to _________ _________ _________. 我们组织了一场绘画比赛来鼓舞他们的情绪。 5.We encouraged them to tell stories _________ _________ _________ __________. 我们鼓励他们讲述自己生活中的故事。 6. This helps them _________ __________ __________. 这有助于他们表达自己的感受。 7. She is really unhappy and needs _________ ________ _________ ________. 她真的很不开心, 需要有人和她说说话。 8. Some of them _________ __________ _________ __________ and taking part in ________ _________. 他们中的一些人行动不便, 也难以参加社交活动。 9. Football is his favorite sport, and he was _______ ______ _______ because he could not play it any more. 足球是他最喜欢的运动, 因为再也不能踢球了, 他情绪很低落。 10.We can help children like Su Le ________ ________ ________ after an accident. 我们可以帮助像苏乐这样的孩子在事故后变得更积极乐观。 11._______ _______ ________ help children ________ ________ , we plan to organize a visit to the children's home next week. 为了帮助有需要的孩子们, 我们计划下周组织一次去儿童之家的探访。 12.We plan to teach the children there to do fun activities like _________ _________ and ______________. 我们计划教那里的孩子们做一些有趣的活动, 比如插花和剪纸。 13.Could you please ________ ________ _________ to organize the activity? 请你允许我们组织这次活动好吗？ 五.语篇填空 阅读短文, 在空白处填人一个适当的单词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空, 使短文通顺、连贯。 Last Saturday, I 1.__________ (volunteer) at the children’s hospital with my classmates. The children there suffer from 2.__________ (seriously) illnesses. Some of them felt lonely and sad, so we wanted 3.__________ (cheer) them up. We brought many small gifts and prepared fun 4.__________ (activity). I taught some kids to sing songs because music can bring 5.__________ (joyful) to them. My friend helped 6.__________ (they) draw pictures. We also raised our 7.__________ (spirit) by playing games together. We spent our spare time 8.__________ the children. Although we were tired, we felt happy. It’s important 9.__________ us to help people in need. I decide to do more voluntary work 10.__________ the future. 写作 本单元的写作是写一封请求志愿活动许可的电子邮件。 书信结构解析: 开头: 自我介绍 + 写信目的 I'm Li Hua, a student from Class X, Grade Y. I'm writing to ask for your permission to... 正文​ 活动细节（时间+内容+意义） We plan to... on [日期] at [时间]. Our activities will include... This will help... 结尾​ 礼貌请求 + 联系方式 We would be grateful if you could... Please feel free to contact me at... Thank you for your time and consideration. 签名 标准信件格式 Yours sincerely, [Your Name] 写作实战 假如你是李华, 你们班准备组织一次图书馆志愿活动, 请你给图书馆馆长写一封信, 以获得许可。 内容包括:1.写信的目的; 2.要组织的活动; 要求:1.词数80-100; 2.可适当增加细节,以使行文流畅。 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $