新仁爱版八下 Unit7 单元知识梳理【趣味课堂】英语仁爱科普版八年级下册

该初中英语知识清单系统梳理新仁爱八下Unit7“Be a Better Learner”单元内容，涵盖核心词汇、重点句型、语法规则及阅读策略，搭建“词汇拓展-句型辨析-语法应用-技能提升”的递进式学习支架，助力学生构建完整知识体系。 清单以教材原句为依托，通过“词义拓展+易混词对比+即时练习”强化语言能力，如用表格辨析shocked/shocking、such/so等，培养思维品质。设计“语法小测”和“学习策略提示”，如时间状语从句时态规则总结、记笔记技巧，提升学习能力，教师可直接用于课堂分层教学，学生自主复习高效便捷。

新仁爱八下 Unit7 Be a Better Learner单元知识梳理（练习版） Preparing for the Topic Listening & Speaking 1. In our listening class this afternoon, we practiced how to take notes. 在今天下午的听力课上，我们练习了如 何记笔记。 (教材P2 Activity 1 B） note，名词，意为“笔记；记录”，常指在听讲或读书等时的笔记。 take notes 意为“记笔记”。 E.g. We should take notes carefully in English class. 在英语课堂上我们应该认真记笔记。 拓展：note 作名词时的其他意思及用法 note 便条（a thank you note 一封感谢信） note 纸币（a 5 yuan note 一张5元纸币） note 音符（high/low notes 高音/低音） E.g. The old man wrote a thank you note to Linlin because she helped him find his missing pet dog. 这位老人给琳琳写了一封感谢信，因为她帮他找到了丢失的宠物狗。 The boy found a 5 yuan note on his way home. 这个男孩在回家路上捡到了一张 5 元的纸币。 I played a lot of wrong notes when I played the piano. 弹钢琴的时候我弹错了好多个音符。 【即时练习】你可以通过写下关键词记笔记。 You can _________ _________ by writing down the key words. 2. We attended a speech this morning. It was about why natural food is good for our body. 今天上午我们参加了一场演讲。它是关于为什么天然食物对我们的身体有益。 (教材P2 Activity 1 B） attend，动词，意为“参加；出席”。 attend a speech 意为“参加演讲”。 E.g. My father attended an international meeting last week. 我父亲上周出席了一场国际会议。 拓展：attend 作动词时的其他意思 attend 经常去，定期去（某处）/注意；专心/随同；陪同 E.g. You should attend the dentist’s for regular check-ups. 你应该定期去牙医诊所进行检查。 He isn’t attending in class. 课堂上他一直不专心。 The old man is always attended by his daughter when he goes out. 外出时这位老人的女儿一直陪同他。 【即时练习】1) 我肯定他会参加我们的聚会的。 I am sure he’ll _________ our party. 2) I couldn’t attend the training. (改为同义句) I couldn’t _________ _________ _________ the training. 3. We learned how to search for information online in the science class yesterday. The internet is really a useful tool, and it also creates such a magical world. 我们在昨天的科学课上学习了如何在网上搜索信息。互联网真是一个有用的工具，创造了一个如此神奇的世界。 (教材P2 Activity 1 B） 1）learn how to do sth. 意为“学习如何做某事”，其中不定式结构 how to do sth. 在句中作 learn 的宾语。 E.g. We can learn how to solve this math problem from our math teacher. 我们可以向数学老师学习如何解决这道数学题。 2）such a 意为“如此 / 这么 / 这样的一 个……”。 E.g. Some people like to help others quietly, and Mr. Li is such a person. 有些人喜欢悄悄帮助他人，李先生就是这样的一个人。 拓展：such，限定词 / 代词，意为“这样，如此，非常（用于强调）；上述一类，诸如此类， 这种，这类（用于指已提到的人或事物）”，常修饰名词。 E.g. —It’s such a fine day that I want to go for a picnic with my friends. 今天天气真好以至于我想跟朋友一起去野餐。 —Me, too. 我也是。 —For this meeting, they will invite some famous singers, musicians and such.   这次会议他们将邀请一些著名歌手、音乐家之类的人。 —That’s great! 那太好了！ 辨析：such 和 so 单词 词性 用法 such 限定词 /代词 常修饰名词 1 such + a/an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数 + that 从句 2 such + 形容词 + 可数名词复数 + that 从句 3 such + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + that 从句 so 副词 常修饰 形容词或副词 1 so + 形容词 / 副 词 +that 从句 ② so + many/much/few/little + 名词 + that 从句 注意： ① such + a/an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数 = so +形容词 / 副词 + a/an + 可数名词单数； ② 如果修饰名词表示“多、少”时，只能用“so + many/much/few/little + that 从句”来表示。 E.g. She is such a clever girl that she can always get first place in exams. 她是一个如此聪明的女孩以至于她总能够在考试中得第一名。 — They are such beautiful flowers that everyone likes them. 它们是如此美丽的花以至于人人都喜欢。 —Yes. 是的。 It’s such exciting news that we’re all excited. 这是个如此令人兴奋的消息以至于我们都很激动。 The flowers are so beautiful that everyone likes them. 这些花如此美丽以至于人人都喜欢。 — There were so many people on the bus that I couldn’t find a seat.   公交车上人是如此多以至于我找不到座位。 —You can take the next bus. 你可以坐下一趟车 【即时练习】1） It’s a pity that he reads _________ few books that he can’t tell ________ stories to little children. A. so; such B. such; such C. so; so D. such; so 2） We got ________ little money that we could only solve _________ little problems. A. such; such B. so; such C. so; so D. such; so 4. We did an experiment in today’s chemistry class. I was shocked to see the color changing from purple to silver. 我们今天在化学课上做了一个实验。我很震惊地看到那颜色从紫色变成银色。 (教材P2 Activity 1 B） shocked，形容词，意为“震惊的；惊愕的”。 be shocked to do sth. 意为“对做某事感到震惊”。 E.g. I was quite shocked to see his crazy behavior. 看到他疯狂的行为，我感到非常震惊。 辨析：shocked 和 shocking 单词 词性 意思 用法 shocked 形容词 震惊的；惊愕的； 气愤的；厌恶的 作表语，主语是人。 be shocked at/by sb./sth. 对某人/某事感到震惊；对某人/某事感到气愤/厌恶 shocking 形容词 令人震惊的；令人 气愤的；惹人憎恶的 既可作定语又可作表语，主语通常是事物。 非常糟糕的 E.g. They were shocked at the news of his death.（作表语，主语是人）他们对他的死感到震惊。 We are all shocked by the boy’s bad behavior.（作表语，主语是人） 我们都对这个男孩的糟糕行为感到气愤。 It’s shocking news for all of us. （作定语，主语是事物） 这对我们来说是个令人震惊的消息。 The news is shocking.（作表语，主语是事物） 这个消息令人震惊。 Our old house is in a shocking state.（作定语，主语是事物） 我们的老房子破败得不成样子。 【即时练习】The news was so _________ that everyone was extremely ________, without considering if it was confirmed. A. shocked; shocked B. shock; shocked C. shocking; shocked D. shock; shocking Function 1. I can hardly remember any new words. 我几乎记不住任何新单词。 (教材P4 Activity 3） hardly，副词，意为“几乎不；几乎没有”。 E.g. He hardly smokes after giving it up. 他戒烟后几乎不吸烟了。 辨析：hardly 和 hard 单词 词 性 意思 用法 hardly 副词 几乎不；几乎没有 表达否定意思。 强调做某事很难，常用于 can 和 could之后，主要动词之前。 hard 形容词 困苦的；艰苦的；艰难的 have a hard life 过着艰苦的生活 难做的；难懂的；难以回答的 a hard choice 艰难的选择 耗费体力（或脑力）的；辛苦的 hard work 辛苦活 坚固的；坚硬的；结实的 a hard board 一块坚硬的木板 冷酷无情的；硬心肠的； 无同情心的 a hard man 一个冷酷无情的人 副词 努力地；费力地；艰难地 work hard 努力工作 沉重地；大量地；长时间地 rain hard 雨下得大 E.g. He hardly calls me.（作副词） 他几乎没有给我来过电话。 I could hardly believe my eyes. 我简直不敢相信我的眼睛。 People had a hard life in the past.（作形容词） 过去人们过着艰难的生活。 It’s a hard choice for me. 这让我难以抉择。 He was in a lot of pain after falling on the hard ground. 他摔在坚硬的地面上，感到非常疼痛。 Mr. Wang is a hard man. 王先生是一个冷酷无情的人。 You need to work hard to catch up with others.（作副词） 你需要努力学习才能赶上他人。 I have to wait because it’s raining hard outside. 因为外面雨下得大，所以我不得不原地等待。 【即时练习】1) —Does your brother work _________? —No. He ________ spends any time on his subjects. A. hard; hard B. hardly; hardly C. hardly; hard D. hard; hardly 2) We stayed at home _________ it rained ________ yesterday. A. because, hard B. so, heavily C. but, hardly 2. I always write down new words in a notebook and go over them whenever I have time. 我总是把新单词写在笔记本上，并且一有时间就复习它们。 (教材P4 Activity 3） 1） go over 意为“反复研究；仔细琢磨”， 口语中通常可译为“复习”，可与review互换。 E.g. He went over the whole thing in his mind at night. 晚上他反复琢磨这整件事。 I often go over/review my notes at night. 我经常在晚上复习笔记。 拓展：go over (to) 的其他意思 go over (to) 转向另一立场（或见解、习惯等）/ 从一处到（另一处）/切换到另一人物（或地点） E.g. Many people went over to the safe places during the wars. 战时许多人迁徙到安全的地方。 Let’s go over to the flood in the south. 让我们把目光转向南方的洪水。 2） whenever，连词，意为“每当；无论何时”，可与 no matter when 互换。 E.g. Whenever you need help, please call me. = No matter when you need help, please call me. 无论何时你需要帮助，请给我打电话。 归纳： whatever = no matter what 无论什么 whoever = no matter who 无论是谁 wherever = no matter where 无论在哪儿 however = no matter how 无论怎样 whichever = no matter which 无论哪个/哪些 【即时练习】1）“Kitty, _________ your lesson again. The mid-term exam is coming soon.” Said Mum. A. went over B. going over C. to go over D. go over 2）Whenever you meet difficulties, you can ask me for help. (改为同义句) _________ _________ _________ you meet difficulties, you can ask me for help. 3. Also, I often copy down the whole sentences with the new words. 此外，我经常把含有新单词的整个句子 抄下来。 (教材P4 Activity 3） copy down 意为“抄写，抄下；抄录”， 还可表述为 copy out。 E.g. Linlin copied down several poems yesterday afternoon. 琳琳昨天下午抄录了几首诗歌。 拓展：copy 作动词时的其他意思 copy 复制；复印；仿造；临摹/抄写；誊写/模仿；效法；仿效/作弊；抄袭/拷贝；复制 E.g. The young man copied the great artists’ paintings for years. 这个年轻人多年来一直在临摹那些著名画家的画作。 —The little girl likes to copy the lines in her notebook. 这个小女孩喜欢把歌词抄写在笔记本上。 —Me, too. 我也是。 The pupils often copy everything their teacher does. 小学生经常效仿他们老师的一举一动。 He was punished for copying in the English exam. 他因为在英语考试中作弊而受到惩罚。 【即时练习】Class, listen carefully and then copy down the notes on the blackboard. ( ) A. look down B. turn down C. write down 4. I listen to and repeat the texts until I can learn them by heart. 我听并重复课文，直到我能记住它们。 (教材P4 Activity 3） by heart 意为“单凭记忆；能背诵”。 E.g. He read the poem again and again until he can recite it by heart. 他一遍遍朗读这篇诗词直到能背诵下来。 【即时练习】1）If we can remember something, we can _________. A. make it B. learn it by heart C. get it 2）—Tim can answer the teacher’s question without difficulty. —Yeah, he has learnt the poem by heart. ( ) A. got to know B. learnt…day and night C. kept...in mind Exploring the Topic Thinking Skills & Reading Strategies 1. I prepared some things before I set off. 出发前我准备了一些东西。 (教材P6 Activity 1） set off 意为“出发；动身；启程”，可与start out/off 互换。 E.g. We’ll set off early to be there on time. = We’ll start out/off early to be there on time. 我们将会早点出发以便能准时到那。 拓展：set off 的其他用法及意思 set sth. off = set off sth. 引起，激发（尤指意外事件）/触响（警报系统）/衬托某物；使某物显得更漂亮 set sb. off 激起某人的某种情感（指引起某人发笑、哭泣、谈论某事等） E.g. His words set off anger in his class just now. 刚刚他的话在教室里引起了众怒。 The smoke will set off the alarm. 烟雾会触发火警报警器。 The golden sunlight sets off the beautiful lake. 金色的阳光把这个漂亮的湖衬托得更美。 The bad news may set her off again. 这个坏消息可能又会让她哭起来。 【即时练习】 —We have to set off for the railway station right away. The train is leaving in an hour. —Sam will be here soon. Let’s wait for two more minutes. ( ) A. leave for B. take off C. get down 2. After seven years of studying abroad, he returned to China in 1909. 在国外学习七年之后，他于 1909 年回到中国。 (教材P6 Activity 2） abroad，副词，意为“在国外；到国外”。 study abroad 意为“出国留学”。 E.g. Wang Lin plans to study abroad in three years. 王林打算三年后出国留学。 拓展： abroad 的相关短语 go abroad 出国 travel abroad/make a tour abroad 出国旅游 at home and abroad 国内外 【即时练习】他的父母总是去国外出差。 His parents always _________ _________ on business. 3. He used his pen to fight for the benefits of the Chinese people. He died in 1936. 他用他的笔为中国人民的利益而斗争。他死于 1936 年。 (教材P6 Activity 2） die，动词，意为“死；死亡”。过去式为died，现在分词为 dying。 E.g. The dog died soon after it was hit by a car. 这只狗被车撞后不久就死去了。 拓展：die 的相关短语 die for sth. 为......而死/献身 die down 减弱；平息 die out 消失；灭绝 died of死于（疾病等内部原因）；died from死于（事故等外部原因） die in 表示死于意外事故 E. g. —He loves his country so much that he would like to die for her. 他如此热爱自己的国家以至于他愿意为之奉献自己的生命。 —Me, too. 我也是。 The excitement died down after he got home. 回家后他的兴奋之情就平息了。 Some of the wild animals will die out if we don’t protect them. 如果我们不加以保护，一些野生动物将会灭绝。 The old man died of a serious illness last month. 这位老人上个月死于一种严重的疾病。 He died in a car accident. 他死于一起交通事故。 归纳：表示“死亡”的几种表述及用法 单词/短语 意思 用法 die 死；死亡 适用于大多数场合和句型中。 pass away 去世 委婉语，为表示尊敬或避免令人不快。 lose one’s life 丧生 常指在不幸事件中丧生。 lay down one’s life 献出自己的生命，牺牲 为了救人或信仰而献出自己的生命或牺牲（正式语）。 drop dead 猝死，暴毙 表示突然死亡（非正式语）。 E.g. Some animals died because of the sudden snowstorm. 一些动物因为突然的暴风雪而死亡。 The great scientist passed away when he was 100. 这位伟大的科学家在100岁时去世了。 Three people lost their lives in the fire. 三个人在这次火灾中丧生了。 The young man laid down his life when he saved the boy in the river. 这位年轻人在河里救小男孩时牺牲了。 The old man dropped dead of a heart attack one day. 一天，这位老人突发心脏病去世了。 【即时练习】The old man _________ cancer. His ________ made us very sad. A. died of; dead B. died from; die C. died from; dead D. died of; death 4. For example, when he wants to learn something with the cultural background, like “hot dog”, he will search online for information about the culture. 例如，当他想了解一些有文化背景的东西时，比如“热狗”，他会在网上搜索相关的文化信息。 (教材P7 Activity 1） 1） background，名词，意为“背景”。 cultural background 意为“文化背景”。 E.g. Some of his ideas come from his cultural background. 他的一些想法来自他的文化背景。 拓展：background 的其他意思 background 出身，个人背景/（事情的）背景情况/（尤指图片上主要事物的）背景，后景/（图画、文字等的）底子，底色 E.g. Can you tell me about his background? 你能告诉我他的出身吗？ I don’t want to talk about it because I don’t know the background to it. 我不了解这件事的背景情况，所以我不想谈论它。 You can see some beautiful flowers in the background of this photo. 在这张照片的背景中你能看到一些漂亮的花。 We need to take some photos with a red background. 我们需要拍一些红底的照片。 归纳：background 的其他相关短语 family background 家庭背景，家庭出身 social background 社会背景 educational background 教育背景 ethnic background 种族背景 2） 本句是一个复合句，主句为“he will search online for information about the culture”， 从句是由 when 引导的时间状语从句。 注意：when 引导的时间状语从句的时态变化： when: 从句部分用一般现在时，主句常用现在进行时或一般将来时等。 从句部分用一般过去式，主句常用一般过去时或过去进行时等。 E.g. My mother is cooking when I get back home. 当我到家时，妈妈正在做饭。 When he wants to do exercise, he will go to the gym. 当他想锻炼的时候，他就会去体育馆。 All my classmates were reading when I walked into the classroom. 当我走进教室的时候，所有同学都在读书。 【即时练习】1) 它以丰富的文化背景而出名。 It is famous for its rich __________ ____________. 2）（2025天津·中考真题）The mobile phone _________ when I was making a cake with my mother. A. rang B. rings C. is ringing D. is going to ring 5. What does Bowen’s experience remind you of ? 博文的经历让你想起了什么？ (教材P7 Activity 1） remind，动词，意为“使想起；提醒”。 remind sb. of sth. 意为“使某人想起某事”。 E.g. The old photo reminded me of my childhood. 这张老照片使我想起了童年。 拓展：remind 作动词时其他常见用法 remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事 remind sb. + (that)从句 提醒某人...... remind oneself 提醒某人自己 E.g. Mom reminded me to buy some milk on my way home. 妈妈提醒我在回家路上买一些牛奶。 Mr. Wang reminded me that I still had a lot of work to do the next day. 王先生提醒我明天还有很多工作要做。 He made a list to remind himself to buy some things in the supermarket. 他列了一个清单来提醒自己要在超市买些东西。 【即时练习】1) These pictures remind me _________ the old days. A. of B. to C. for D. with 2) The saying “Time waits for no man” reminds us _________ action right now. A. to take B. take C. taking D. to taking 6. Xuanxuan is under great pressure now because she doesn’t want to disappoint herself and her parents. 萱萱现在压力很大，因为她不想让自己和父母失望。 (教材P7 Activity 2） 1） under pressure 意为“承受着（急于完成某事的）压力”，其中 pressure 前可加形容词修饰，表示“承受……的压力”。 E.g. I’m under great pressure at work these days. 最近我工作压力很大。 拓展：pressure 作名词时的相关短语 put pressure on sb. 向某人施加压力 be/come under pressure from sb. (to do sth.) 收到来自某人的压力（做某事） give in to pressure 屈从于压力 relieve/reduce pressure (on sb./sth.) 减轻（某人/某物的）压力 get out of pressure 摆脱压力 high blood pressure 高血压 E.g. Our school is putting pressure on us to pay more attention to reading books. 我们学校给我们施加压力让我们更关注阅读。 I am under pressure from my parents to be a lawyer. 我父母一直逼我当一名律师。 We should never give in to pressure. 我们应该永远不向压力低头。 Talking to others can help us reduce pressure. 与他人交流能帮助我们减轻压力。 Eating too much salt and fat for a long time can cause high blood pressure. 长时间摄入过多的盐和脂肪会导致高血压。 2）disappoint，动词，意为“使失望；使破灭；使落空”。 E.g. I don’t want to disappoint my parents, so I study hard. 我不想让我的父母失望，所以我努力学习。 辨析：disappoint，disappointed，disappointing和 disappointment 单词 词性 意思 用法 disappoint 动词 使失望； 使破灭； 使落空 常作谓语， 后跟人称代词宾格或名词。 disappoint sb. 使某人失望 disappoint sb’s hopes/expectations /plans 让某人的希望 / 期望 / 计划破灭（落空） disappointed 形容词 失望的； 沮丧的； 失意的 修饰人， 常作表语。 be disappointed at/ with/ about sth.对……感到失望 be disappointed to do sth. 失望地做某事 be disappointed in sb. 对某人感到失望 作定语修饰人。 disappointed visitors 失望的游客 disappointing 形容词 令人失望的； 令人沮丧的； 令人扫兴的 修饰物，既可 作定语也可作 表语。 be disappointing to do sth. 做某事令人失望 disappointment 名词 失望；扫兴； 沮丧 to one’s disappointment 让某人失望的是 E.g. His absence disappointed our plan to travel. （动词作谓语） 他的缺席使我们的出行计划破灭了。 My parents were disappointed at my grades in this exam.（形容词作表语） 我父母对我这次的考试成绩感到失望。 He was disappointed to see the result. 看到这个结果他非常失望。 I am very disappointed in you. 我对你感到十分失望。 The disappointed visitors left quickly. （形容词作定语） 失望的游客们迅速离开了。 The new movie is very disappointing. （形容词作表语） 这部新电影令人非常失望。 This is a disappointing new movie.（形容词作定语） 这是一部令人失望的新电影。 To our disappointment, the bookstore was closed, and we couldn’t buy the book we wanted.（作名词） 让我们失望的是，这家书店关门了，我们买不到我们想要的书了。 【即时练习】1）We students hardly know why our parents give us _________. A. such much pressure B. so many pressures C. so much pressure D. such many pressures 2）—Why does Jack look so _________? —Because he heard some ________ news. A. disappointed; disappointed B. disappointed; disappointing C. disappointing; disappointing D. disappointing; disappointed 7. She searches online to find ways to get out of pressure. Here is some advice. 她在网上搜索寻找摆脱压力的方法。这里有一些建议。 (教材P7 Activity 2） get out of意为“摆脱；离开（某地）；逃脱”。 E.g. He wanted to get out of the duty to clean the classroom. 他想逃避打扫教室的责任。 拓展：get out of 的其他用法及意思 get out of doing sth. 放弃做某事/逃避做某事 get out of sth. 放弃，戒除，抛弃（习惯） get sth. out of sb./sth. 从.....中获得（有益的东西） E.g. I want to get out of farming. 我想放弃务农了。 It’s our duty to clean the classroom. You can’t get out of tidying it. 打扫教室是我们的责任，你不能逃避。 I hope my father can get out of the habit of smoking. 我希望我爸爸能戒除吸烟的习惯。 We can get a lot out of reading. 我们能从阅读中受益良多。 【即时练习】She _________ some problems. Let’s help her ________ them. A. got on; get out of B. got into; get out of C. got into; run out of 8. Imagine your success in the exams. 想象一下你考试成功的样子。 (教材P7 Activity 2） imagine，动词，意为“想象”。 E.g. I can’t imagine the life without mobile phones. 我不能想象没有手机的生活。 拓展：① 常用结构 imagine + (that)从句 imagine doing sth. 想象做某事 imagine sb. doing sth. 想象某人做某事 E.g. Imagine that you are watching the earth in space. 想象你正在太空中俯瞰地球。 Just imagine flying the plane in the sky! 想象一下驾驶飞机在空中飞行！ I can imagine her saying so. 我完全想象得到她会那么说。 注意：imagine 在句中作谓语且引导 that 从句时，从句是否定句时应该进行否定前移，即在主句上否定（形式上在主句上进行否定，语义上对从句进行否定）。类似用法的单词还有 think、suppose、believe 等。 E.g. I don’t imagine that he will come for the party. 我认为他不会来参加聚会。 ② imagine 的相关单词 imagination 名词，意为“想象力；想象” imaginative 形容词，意为“富于想象力的；创新的” imaginatively 副词，意为“富于想象力地；创新地；别出心裁地” unimaginable 形容词，意为“难以置信的；不可想象的” 【即时练习】Nowadays, young people can’t imagine _________ in the modern society with no phones or Internet. A. live B. lives C. to live D. living Theme Reading 1. At 15, Confucius got down to studying. 15 岁时，孔子开始专心学习。 (教材P8 Activity 2） get down to doing sth./to sth. 意为“开始做某事；开始认真注意（或对待）某事”。 E.g. We should get down to reviewing our lessons. 我们应该开始认真复习功课。 Let’s get down to our work today. 让我们开始今天的工作吧。 注意：get down to 中的 to 为介词，后接动词 -ing 形式。 归纳：类似用法的短语 stick to doing sth. 坚持做某事 pay attention to doing sth. 注意做某事 make a contribution to doing sth. 为做某事做贡献 look forward to doing sth. 盼望做某事 拓展：get down 的其他用法及意思 get sb. down 使某人忧郁，使某人厌烦 get sth. down 写下，记下（尤指某人说的话） get sth. down (sb.) （使某人）吃下/喝下某物 get down （吃完饭）下桌 （英式儿语） E.g. The failure of his business got him down. 生意的失败使他有些消沉。 You’d better listen to your teacher carefully in class and get down some of her key words. 你最好在课堂上认真听老师讲话并记下她说的一些关键词。 —Get that tea down you. 你把那杯茶喝了。 —OK. 好的。 Can I get down, Dad? 爸爸，我能下桌了吗？ 【即时练习】After the short break, the team leader said, “Everyone, it’s time to _________ (get) down to ____________ (prepare) the final report.” 2. When he was learning Shao music in the State of Qi, he was lost in the music and hardly noticed the taste of meat for a few months. 他在齐国学《韶》乐时，沉浸其中，几乎几个月都尝不出肉的味道。 (教材P8 Activity 2） 1）state，名词，意为“国家；州”。 the State of Qi 意为“齐国”。 E.g. Some states of America are near the ocean. 美国的一些州临近海洋。 拓展：① state 作名词时还可意为“状态；状况；情况”。 E.g. She was in a bad state yesterday. 她昨天状态很差。 The country is in a state of war. 这个国家正处于战争状态。 ② state 还可作动词，意为“陈述；说明；声明”，statement 为其名词形式，意为“说明；说法；表白；表态”。 E.g. He has clearly stated the reasons in his report. 他已经在报告中清晰地陈述了原因。 —Which of the statements is right? 哪一种说法是正确的？ —I don’t know. 我不知道。 2）be lost in sth. 意为“沉迷于某事；沉浸于某事；全神贯注”，可与 lose oneself in sth. 互换。 E.g. Li Ming is often lost in reading books. = Li Ming often loses himself in reading books. 李明经常沉浸在阅读中。 【即时练习】James has lost _________ in computer games and I’m worried about him. A. he B. his C. her D. himself 3. Zilu was too confident about himself. 子路对自己太自信了。 (教材P8 Activity 2） be confident about 意为“对……有信心”，后可跟名词或反身代词。 be confident about的同义短语为：feel confident about 或 have confidence in E.g. It’s important for young students to be confident about themselves. 对于年轻的学生来说，对自己充满信心是非常重要的。 I don’t have confidence in myself at school. 我在学校时不自信。 【即时练习】—Jim, I am afraid to lose tomorrow’s game. —You have practiced a lot. Now just take it easy and _________ yourself. A. be full of B. be strict with C. be confident about 4. In his late years, even when Confucius became a master, he never stopped learning from others. 在晚年，即使已经成为了大师，孔子也从未停止向他人学习。 (教材P8 Activity 2） in one’s late years 意为“在某人的晚年”， 也可表述为 in one’s later years 或 during the last/later years of one’s life。 E.g. He went to live with his son in his late years. 他在晚年时搬去和他儿子一起生活了。 链接：in one’s late fifties 意为“在某人接近六十岁的时候”，常指 56—59 这个年龄段。 E.g. In his late fifties, he traveled around China with his wife. 在快六十岁的时候，他和妻子一起环游中国。 【即时练习】1）In his _________ years, the famous scientist still conducted experiments every day. A. late B. later C. last D. all of the above 2）在快五十岁的时候，她开始学习绘画。 _________ _________ ___________, she began to learn painting. 5. You may need to draw on his wisdom from time to time. 你可能需要不时地借鉴他的智慧。 (教材P8 Activity 2） 1）draw on 意为“（为某种目的）动用，利用（信息、经验、知识等）”，可与 draw upon 互换。 E.g. —Only by drawing on our hard work, can we gain more. 只有凭借勤奋，我们才能收获更多。 —You’re right. 你说得对。 拓展：draw on还可意为“（时光）渐渐过去，荏苒”。 E.g. The happy time drew on, and we have grown up already. 快乐时光一去不复返，我们已经长大了。 2）from time to time 意为“偶尔；有时”，可与 at times 或 sometimes 互换。 E.g. She comes back to see the old house from time to time after moving. = She comes back to see the old house at times after moving. = She sometimes comes back to see the old house after moving. 搬走后她不时地回来看看旧房子。 【即时练习】 1）We are busy, but we go skiing in winter _________. A. on time B. any time C. in time D. from time to time 2）The writer often _________ his childhood memories when creating stories, which makes his characters feel real and vivid. A. draws in B. draws on C. draws up D. draws back 6. always telling the truth 一直说实话 (教材P9 Activity 3） truth，名词，意为“真相；实情；事实；真理”。 tell the truth 意为“说实话”，可构成固定搭配 to tell the truth，意为“（承认某事）说实话，老实说”。 E.g. Our teacher often asks us to tell the truth. 我们老师经常要求我们要讲实话。 To tell the truth, the food in this restaurant is awful. 老实说，这家餐馆的饭菜糟透了。 拓展：truth 的相关单词 truthful 形容词，意为“诚实的，一向说实话的”，与honest同义。 truthfully 副词，意为“诚实地；如实地”。 untruthful 形容词，意为“说谎的；不说实话的”。 E.g. He is a truthful boy. 他是个诚实的孩子。 I hope you can answer my question truthfully. 我希望你能如实回答我的问题。 The child is untruthful. He likes telling lies. 这个孩子不诚实，他喜欢撒谎。 【即时练习】说实话，我不同意你的意见。 _________ _________ _________ _________, I don’t agree with you. 7. Set up a private school and taught students there 创办私学，教授弟子 (教材P9 Activity 4） set up 意为“创立，成立，建立”。 E.g. They want to set up their own importexport business. 他们想要成立自己的进出口公司。 Our school set up a new lab last year. 我们学校去年建立了一个新实验室。 拓展：set up 的其他用法及意思 set up shop/in business 开店/开始做生意 set sth. up = set up sth. 安排某事/安装；架设；调试/（尤指临时）建起，竖起 E.g. Mr. Wang plans to set up shop elsewhere in America. 王先生计划在美国其他地方开分店。 Miss Yang is setting up the interview on tomorrow morning. 杨女士正在安排明天上午的面试。 The workers are setting up the equipment for the concert. 工人们正在安装音乐会所需的各种设备。 My father set up the tent and my mother took out all the food from the car. 我爸爸搭起帐篷，我妈妈从车上拿出所有的食物。 【即时练习】他们花了三个小时搭建帐篷。 It took them three hours to _________ _________ the tent. Grammar in Use 1. In the digital age, computers and smart phones are important parts of people’s life. 在数字时代，电脑和智能手机是人们生活的重要组成部分。(教材P10 Activity 1） digital，形容词，意为“数字的；数码的”。 in the digital age 意为“在数字时代”。 E.g. Everything is changing rapidly in the digital age. 在数字时代，一切都在快速变化。 归纳：digital 的相关短语 digital TV 数字电视 a digital signal 数字信号 a digital camera 数码相机 digital media 数字媒体 a digital wallet 数字钱包 a digital watch 电子手表 【即时练习】在数字时代，我们几乎不用手写东西。 _________ _________ _________ _________, we almost never write things by hand. 2. Suppose you move to a foreign country but don’t speak the language. 假设你移居国外但不会说该国语言。 (教材P10 Activity 3） 1）suppose，动词，意为“假定；假设；推断”。 E.g. Let’s suppose someone falls into the river. What will you do? 假设有人落水了，你将怎么做？ 拓展：suppose 的其他意思及用法 suppose （根据所知）认为，推断，料想/（婉转表达）我看，要我说，要不 be supposed to do/be sth. （按规定、习惯、安排等）应该，应，该，须 E.g. I suppose that it’ll be cooler later in this week. 我觉得这周后面几天天气要凉快点。 You can go in my car, I suppose. 要不你坐我的车吧。 —Everyone is supposed to save water. 每个人都应当节约用水。 —You’re right. 你说得对。 注意：当 suppose 在句中作谓语且后跟 that引导的从句时，从句是否定句时应该进行否定前移，即在形式上对主句进行否定。 E.g. I don’t suppose you can finish your work in three hours. ( √ ) 我觉得你不可能在3小时内完成工作。 I suppose you can’t finish your work in three hours. (×) 2）foreign，形容词，意为“外国的；涉外的”。 拓展：foreigner 为其名词形式，意为“外国人”。 E.g. It’s not easy to learn a foreign language, but it may be more difficult for foreigners to learn Chinese. 学习一门外语不容易，但对外国人来说学习汉语可能更难。 【即时练习】1) To catch the train, Tom _________ arrive at the station before six o’clock. A. is supposed to B. supposes to C. will suppose to 2）Wow, one of the _________ can speak three ________ languages. A. foreigners; foreign B. foreigners; foreigner C. foreigner; foreign D. foreign; foreigner 3. Instead, you learn it to satisfy your personal needs. 相反，你学习它是为了满足你的个人需求。 (教材P10 Activity 3） 1）satisfy，动词，意为“使满足；使满意”。 E.g. What I did satisfied my parents. 我做的事让我父母很满意。 辨辨析：satisfy，satisfied，satisfying 和 satisfaction 单词 词性 意思 用法 satisfy 动词 使满意；使满足 在句中作谓语 satisfy sb. 使某人满意 satisfied 形容词 满意的，满足的 修饰人， 反义词为：dissatisfied。 be satisfied with sb./sth. = be pleased with sb./sth. 对某人/某物感到满意 satisfying 形容词 令人满意的，令人高兴的 修饰事物，既可作定语又可作表语，反义词为：unsatisfying。 satisfaction 名词 满足；满意；称心 常用作不可数名词， 反义词为：dissatisfaction。 a feeling/sense of satisfaction满足感 to one’s satisfaction 让某人满意的是 E.g. — This plan will not satisfy everyone. （动词作谓语）这个计划不会让所有人都满意。 —Yes. 是的。 Wang Lin’s family are satisfied with their new home.（形容词作表语） 王林全家都对他们的新家很满意。 We had a satisfying meal on the last day of the trip.（形容词作定语） 旅行的最后一天我们吃了一顿令人满意的饭。 Being praised by so many people brought him a deep sense of satisfaction.（不可数名词） 被如此多的人表扬给他带来了深深的满足感。 2）personal，形容词，意为“个人的；私人的”，通常用于名词前作定语。 E.g. We must protect our personal detailswhen we surf the internet. 上网时我们要保护好我们的个人信息。 【即时练习】1) Not only the students but also the teacher _________ their progress in the last exam. A. was pleased to B. was satisfied with C. were popular to 2) —After months of hard work, I finally finished my science project, and the result was quite ________. —Wow! You must feel really _________ now! A. satisfying, satisfied B. satisfied, satisfying C. satisfying, satisfying D. satisfied, satisfied 3）培养爱好对个人发展很重要。 Developing hobbies is very important for___________ ______________. 4. You should be able to understand others and make yourself understood. 你应该能够理解别人，也让能别人理解你。 (教材P10 Activity 3） 讲 1）able，形容词，意为“能；能够”。be able to do sth. 意为“有能力做某事”。 例 E.g. He was able to speak English when he was four. 他 4 岁时就会说英语了。 拓展：able 的相关单词及用法 单词 词性 意思 用法 ability 名词 能力 反义词为：inability,意为“无能；无力；不能” the ability to do sth. 做某事的能力 have/show the ability to do sth. 有/展示出做某事的能力 disability 可数名词 （某种）缺陷，障碍 with a disabilty 有.....障碍/缺陷 disabled 形容词 丧失能力的；有残疾的；无能力的 the disabled 意为“残疾人；伤残者”，表示复数含义。 unable 形容词 未能；无法 be unable to do sth. 未能做某事；不能做某事 E.g. He has the ability to communicate with others well. 他具备良好的沟通能力。 This boy has learning disabilities. 这个男孩有学习障碍。 We helped look after the disabled children in children’s home yesterday. 昨天我们去了儿童之家帮忙照顾残疾儿童。 The disabled must be looked after well. 残疾人应当被好好照顾。 They were unable to find their pet dog. 他们未能找到他们的宠物狗。 2）others，代词，泛指其他的人或物，常与 some 连用，构成 some...others... 结构，意为“一些……另一些……”。 E.g. Some students like playing basketball while others like playing football. 一些同学喜欢打篮球，另一些同学则喜欢踢足球。 3）make oneself understood 意为“让人理解自己”，make 后跟动词过去分词作宾语补足语。 E.g. I spoke English slowly to make myself understood by my foreign friends. 我英语讲得很慢以便我的外国朋友能听懂我说的话。 归纳：类似短语： make oneself heard 让人听到自己 make oneself seen 让人看到自己 make oneself known 让人知道自己 E,g, She raised her voice to make herself heard in the noisy classroom. 她提高嗓音以便大家在吵闹的教室里能听见她的声音。 The girl stood on a table to make herself seen by her mother. 这个女孩儿站在桌子上以便能被她妈妈看见。 The new classmate introduced himself to make himself known in the new class. 这位新同学进行了自我介绍以便大家能认识他。 【即时练习】1) You will _________ pass the exam next year. A. can B. can able to C. be able to 2) In the library, some students are reading quietly, and _________ are taking notes. A. another B. other C. others D. the other 3) When you speak, you should make others _________ you and make yourself ________. A. hear; understand B. hear; understood C. heard; understood 5. Except for a natural language use environment, what else is similar in your learning activities? 除了自然的语言使用环境，你们的学习活动还有什么相似之处？ (教材P10 Activity 3） 1）except，介词，意为“除……之外”， 用于所言不包括的人或事物前。 如果用在句子开头，必须用 except for 接名词。 E.g. Everyone is here except/except for Tom. 除了汤姆之外所有人都来了。 Except for Sunday, the shop is open every day. 除了周日，这家店每天都开门。 拓展：except 的其他用法及意思 except except (that) 除了 只是；但是 要不是由于（用于说明某事没做成或没发生的原因） except when 意为“除非当.....时候”，when不可省略。 except to do sth. 意为“除了做某事”。 E.g. Linda could think of nothing to say except that she was so sorry. 除了表示很抱歉之外，琳达想不出有什么话好说。 I’m as old as you, except that you’re taller than me. 我们一样大，只是你比我高一些。 He wouldn’t drink water except when he was too thirsty. 除非非常渴，否则他是不会喝水的。 He didn’t talk about anything, except to say his head hurt. 他只是说头疼，别的没提。 辨析：except，besides 和 but 单词 词性 意思 用法 except 介词；连词；动词 除.....之外 指从整体中排除掉except后的部分，常与all、everybody、everything等词连用。 besides 介词；副词 除.....之外（还） 指在原来的基础上加上besides后的部分。 but 介词；连词；副词；名词 除.....以外 but后是仅有或仅存的内容，尤用于nothing、no、all、any、anyone、everything、everyone等词后。 当but前有实义动词do时，but后的不定式需省去to。 have no choice but to do 除了做某事外别无选择 E.g. He likes all the subjects except math. 除了数学外他喜欢所有的学科。（不喜欢数学） Besides math, Mingming doesn’t like Chinese, either. 除了数学外，明明也不喜欢语文。 He took everything away from the room but a bed. 他把房间里所有东西都搬走了，只留下一张床。 He did nothing but see a film last night. 昨晚除了看了场电影他啥也没干。 I had no choice but to accept the task. 除了接受这项任务外我别无选择。 2）be similar in sth. 意为“在某方面相似”。 E.g. The two girls are similar in personality. 这两个女孩儿性格十分相似。 辨析：be similar to 和 be similar in 短语 意思 用法 be similar to 与.....相似 表示某人或某物与另一个人或另一个事物似相似，强调整体或本质相似。 be similar in 在某方面相似 表示人或物在大小、相似外貌、形状、性格等方面相似。 E.g. English learning is similar to Chinese learning. 英语的学习和汉语的学习很相似。 The two trees are similar in shape and height. 这两棵树在高度和外形上都很相似。 【及时练习】1) The following words all have the same suffix (后缀) EXCEPT _________. A. feel B. mean C. sick D. meet 2) Everyone attended the meeting _________ the manager, who was stuck in traffic and couldn’t arrive on time. A. beside B. except C. except for D. except that 3) —Is that your hat, Nancy? —No. It is similar _________ mine. But my hat is new. A. to B. from C. with 6. And how can you make up for the loss of the language use environment? 你如何能够弥补语言使用环境的缺失？(教材P10 Activity 3） make up for 意为“弥补（不良情况）；补偿（失去之物）”。 E.g. He was not clever enough, but he made up for it with hard work. 他不够聪明，但他用勤奋来弥补。 拓展：make up 的其他用法及意思 make up sth. 构成 be made up of sth. 由.....组成/构成 make sth. up 编造，假装/创作，编写（故事、歌曲、游戏等） make sb. up 给某人化妆 make up with sb. （非正式）与某人和解，可与make peace with sb. 互换 make sth. up 补上，补回（时间或工作） E.g. Women and children made up the group. 妇女和儿童构成了这个小组。 The basketball team is made up of different players from all over the world. 这支篮球队是由来自世界各地的球员组成的。 The story is not true; he made it up. 这个故事不是真的，是他编造出来的。 The band made up a new song. 这个乐队创作出了一首新歌。 They are making the actress up before performing. 表演前他们正在为这位女演员化妆。 I made up with my best friend yesterday. 我昨天和我最好的朋友和解了。 I need to make up the work I left yesterday. 我需要把昨天遗留下来的工作补上。 【即时练习】我的同班同学在我生病时帮我补习了落下的功课。 My classmate helped me _________ _________ _________ the missed lessons when I was ill. 7. Please tell me as soon as you finish your homework. 作业一完成就请立刻告诉我。(教材P11 Activity 1） as soon as 意为“一……就……”，引导时间状语从句，表示主句动作紧接从句动作发生，两个动作间几乎没有间隔。 时态 当从句部分用一般现在时态时，主句应该用将来时态或一般现在时。 当从句部分用一般过去时，主句应该用一般过去时或过去完成时。 一般真理用一般现在时。 E.g. I will call you as soon as I get to Beijing. （主将从现） 一到北京我就会给你打电话。 He rushed as soon as the race began. （两个动作都已发生，主从句皆为过去时） 比赛一开始他就冲出去了。 【即时练习】We _________ to the countryside to pick fruits as soon as the harvest season begins. A. will go B. have gone C. go D. went Developing the Topic Oral Communication & Reading for Writing 1. While mind maps help Kangkang understand the text better, reading the lines and acting out the plays help him a lot with his Chinese. 虽然思维导图帮助康康更好地理解课文，但朗读台词和表演戏剧对他的语文学习也有很大帮助。(教材P12 Activity 1 B） act out sth.意为“将……表演出来；履行（仪式）”，也可表述为 act sth. out。 E.g. The three girls acted out a short play in the party. 这 3 个女孩儿在聚会上表演了一个短剧。 注意：act out 是“动词 + 副词”结构的短语，其用法如下： act out + 名词 = act + 名词 + out act + 代词 + out E.g. Please practice the dialog for five minutes and then act it out. 练习对话 5 分钟然后把它表演出来。 【即时练习】The woman is a wonderful actress (女演员) because she _________ (act) out many films. 2. use your body, or sense of touch 利用你的身体，或是触觉 (教材P12 Activity 2） sense of touch 意为“触觉”。 E.g. In the game, they must say the names of the objects only by using sense of touch. 在这个游戏中，他们必须仅靠触觉来说出物体的名字。 归纳：“五感”的相关短语 sense of sight 视觉 sense of hearing 听觉 sense of smell 嗅觉 sense of taste 味觉 拓展：a sense/feeling of 意为“一种……的感觉”。 E.g. We all like him. He has a really good sense of humor. 我们都很喜欢他，他有着很强的幽默感。 A feeling of unease nagged at her. 一种不安的感觉一直困扰着她。 【即时练习】1) My father has a very good sense of ________. He never gets lost in a strange city even if it is dark. A. pronunciation B. direction C. expression D. tradition 2) 我们的班长有很强的责任感，她是我们的榜样。 Our monitor has _______ _________ _______ _________ responsibility. She is our role model. 3. At the end of last term, I could raise questions and offer my opinions. 上学期末，我可以提出问题并表达我的 观点了。(教材P13 Activity 1） raise questions 意为“提出问题”。 E.g. After reading the text, he raised some questions. 读完这篇文章后，他提出了几个问题。 归纳：raise 作动词时的其他相关短语 raise one's hand/head举手/抬头 raise money筹钱 raise one's voice提高嗓音 raise an army组建一支部队 raise children抚养孩子 raise cows/corn养牛/种植玉米 raise a laugh引起一阵笑声 raise the price of sth./raise prices涨价 【即时练习】If you have any questions, you can _________ your hand. A. rise B. raise C. arise D. to raise 4. At the start of this term, I joined a study group. 这学期初，我加入了一个学习小组。 (教材P13 Activity 1） at the start of 意为“在……的开端 / 开始”， 可与 at the beginning of 互换。 反义短语：at the end of 意为“在……的结尾 /末期 / 结束的时候”。 E.g. At the start of the movie, we enjoyed a beautiful song. = At the beginning of the movie, we enjoyed a beautiful song. 在电影开始的时候，我们欣赏了一首动听的歌曲。 At the end of the party, we sang an English song together. 在聚会结束的时候，我们一起唱了一首英文歌。 【即时练习】学校在每学期初为学生提供免费的教材。 The school provides students with free textbooks _______ _______ _________ _______ each term. 5. We shared our learning materials and had discussions on how to learn different subjects. 我们共享学习材料，并讨论各学科的学习方法。(教材P13 Activity 2） have discussions on sth. 意 为“ 就 …… 进行讨论”，短语中的介词 on 还可用 about/around 替换。 E.g. We need to have discussions on/about/around where to spend our weekend. 我们需要讨论一下周末去哪儿玩。 拓展：① have a discussion with sb. (about sb./sth.) 意为“和某人讨论（某人或某事）”。 E.g. I’ll have a discussion with my parents about my weekend plan. 我要和父母讨论一下我的周末计划。 ② discuss 是 discussion 的动词形式，意为“讨论；谈论；商量”。 常用短语：discuss sth. with sb. 与某人讨论某事 discuss doing sth. 讨论做某事 E.g. I want to discuss this problem with you after work. 下班后我想跟你讨论一下这个问题。 We are discussing buying a new house. 我们正在讨论买一所新房子。 【即时练习】1) The students are discussing _________ the school trip to the science museum. A. plan B. planning C. to plan D. planned 2) He had a ______________ (discuss) with his parents about his study plan. Wrapping Up the Topic Project & Review 1. I’m always afraid of speaking in public. Every time, there’s nothing for me to say! 我总是害怕当众发言。每次一上台我就大脑一片空白！(教材P15 Activity 1） be afraid of sth./doing sth. 意为“害怕某事 / 做某事”。 E.g. She is afraid of snakes. 她害怕蛇。 She is afraid of going out alone at night. 她害怕晚上独自一人出门。 链接：be afraid to do sth. 意为“害怕做某事”。 E.g. Mingming is afraid to swim. 明明害怕游泳。 【即时练习】1) The little girl is afraid _________ alone at home, so she always asks her mother to stay with her. A. to stay B. staying C. stay D. stayed 2) The little girl is afraid _________ dogs. A. of B. to C. with D. for 2. Then, in your speech, explain your ideas in some detail. 那么，在你的演讲中，详细解释你的想法。(教材P15 Activity 1） explain 意为“解释；说明；阐释”。 E.g. The conductor is explaining the reason why the train was late carefully. 列车长正在详细解释列车晚点的原因。 拓展：explain 的其他用法 explain v. explain (that) 从句 explain sth. to sb. 向某人解释某事 explain oneself 为自己的行为作说明（或解释）把自己的意思解释清楚 explanation n. 意为“解释；理由”。explanation for sth./doing sth. 某事/做某事的理由/解释 E.g. I’d like an explanation for your mistake. 我要你对你的错误做出解释。 The boy gave a believable explanation for being late again. 这个男孩儿对于再次迟到给出了一个令人信服的理由。 She explained that there was something wrong with her cellphone. 她解释说她的手机出问题了。 My math teacher explained the difficult problem to me carefully after class. 课后数学老师仔细地给我解释了这道难题。 I really don’t understand why I need to explain myself to you. 我真的不明白我为什么需要向你解释我的行为。 Please explain yourself again. I can’t really catch you. 请把你的意思说得更清楚点，我没怎么听懂你的意思。 【即时练习】The teacher _____________ (explain) the wisdom behind the story to us just now. 3. Math is really difficult for me and math problems always give me a big headache. 数学对我来说真的很难，数学题总是让我头疼不已。(教材P15 Activity 1） give sb. a big headache 意为“让某人很头痛 / 为难”。此时 headache 在这里意为“使人头痛的事，棘手的事，难题”。 E.g. How to deal with the problem gave me a big headache. 我对于如何解决这个问题感到很棘手。 As we all know, safety is a big headache during the meeting. 正如我们所知，集会期间安全是件棘手的事。 链接：headache 作名词时还可意为“头痛”。 have a headache 意为“头痛”。 E.g. She often has headaches when she stays up late. 熬夜时她总是会头痛。 【即时练习】The final exam next week _________ all the students in our class. A. makes a big headache B. gives a big headache C. gives us a big headache D. makes us a big headache 4. I often discuss math problems with others and try different ways to solve them. 我经常和别人讨论数学题，并尝试不同的方法解决它们。(教材P15 Activity 1） discuss sth. with sb.意为“与某人讨论某事”，可与 have discussions/a discussion on sth. with sb. 互换。 E.g. I discussed the plan to travel with my parents last night. = I had discussions/a discussion on the plan to travel with my parents last night. 昨晚我和父母讨论了出游计划。 【即时练习】1) The students are discussing _________ the school trip to the science museum. A. plan B. planning C. to plan D. planned 2) The students are having a _____________ (discuss) about where to go for a picnic. 5. became blind and lost her hearing after a serious illness 在一次严重的疾病后双目失明并失去了听力 (教材P16 Activity 1） serious，形容词，意为“严重的；严肃的”。 E.g. The old man has a serious illness. 这位老人患了一种严重的疾病。 My father is a serious man. 我父亲是个严肃认真的人。 拓展：serious 的相关单词及用法 serious adj. → seriously adv. 严重地 → take sb./sth. seriously 认真对待某人/某事 be serious about sb./sth. 认真对待某人/某事 get/be serious doing sth. 认真做某事 a serious illness 一种严重的疾病 a serious problem 一个严重的问题 a serious accident 一起严重的交通事故 E.g. Is he seriously hurt? 他伤得很重吗？ We should take this exam seriously. 我们要认真对待这次考试。 She is very serious about her new job. 她对她的新工作非常认真。 I need to get serous talking with her about her work. 我需要认真地跟她谈谈她工作上的事。 A serious illness spread quickly among children. 一种严重的疾病在孩子中迅速传播。 【即时练习】He listened _____________ (serious) when his friend talked about the problem. 6. This way, you are actually learning how to use the new words. 这样，你实际上是在学习如何运用新词汇。(教材P16 Activity 2） actually，副词，意为“事实上；实际上”，常指礼貌地纠正他人，在句中时常位于 be 动词之后，行为动词之前。 E.g. When you keep watching short videos, you’re actually wasting your time. —I’m afraid we arrived a little late. 恐怕我们到得有点晚。 —The train has left already, actually. 其实火车已经开走了。 拓展：actually 的其他意思及用法 actually （在口语中用于强调事实）的确，真实地，事实上/（表示事实与想法不一致而感到惊奇）居然，竟然/（礼貌地引起注意、转换话题、直言）确实，说实话 用法：可用于句首，此时可与in fact和as a matter of fact互换。也可用于句中或句末。 E.g. Actually/In fact/As a matter of fact, I didn’t have breakfast. 我的确没有吃早饭。 I can’t believe that the food here is actually nice. After all, it looks awful. 难以置信这里的食物竟然很好吃，毕竟看起来太糟糕了。 Actually, I’m working at the moment. I’ll call you later. 说实话，这会儿我正在工作。我晚点给你打电话。 【即时练习】Actually, we have a better idea on this environmental project. (保持句意不变) _________ _________ we have a better idea on this environmental project. 7. Develop a good habit of reviewing your study after each lesson. 养成每节课后及时复习的好习惯。(教材P16 Activity 2） lesson，名词，意为“课”。 E.g. We have two English lessons today. 今天我们有两节英语课。 Boys and girls, please turn to lesson 5. 同学们，请翻到第 5 课。 拓展：lesson 作名词时还可意为“经验；教训”。 E.g. This thing should be a lesson to you all. 你们所有人都应该从这件事中吸取教训。 常用短语：learn a lesson 吸取教训 teach sb. a lesson 给某人一个教训 have/take lessons/a lesson 上课 be a lesson to sb. 某人要吸取教训 give sb. lessons/give lessons to sb. 给某人授课 the lessons of sth. ......的教训 E.g. You must learn a lesson from the mistake. 你们一定要从错误中吸取教训。 We are having a music lesson now. 我们现在正在上音乐课。 Miss Li will give us a lesson this afternoon. 今天下午李老师将给我们上一节课。 The result of the football match taught us a lesson: we need to pay more attention to teamwork. 这场足球赛的结果给了我们一个深刻的教训：我们要多关注团队合作。 Let it be a lesson to you. I hope you can be more careful in the future. 你们要从这件事中吸取教训，我希望你们今后能更谨慎。 We should remember the lessons of history. 我们要牢记历史的教训。 【即时练习】我们应该为自己的错误承担责任，并从中吸取教训。 We should pay for our mistakes and learn ___________ from them. 8. His poor family couldn’t afford to send him to school. 他家境贫寒，家里无力供他上学。(教材P17 Activity 4） afford，动词，意为“承担得起（后果）”，常与 can、could、be able to 连用，后跟不定式结构，构成短语 afford to do sth.，意为“承担得起做某事”，常用于否定句和疑问句。 E.g. I can’t afford to buy the house. 我买不起这套房子。 Our company can’t afford to lose more experienced workers. 我们公司再也不能失去更多有经验的员工了。 拓展：afford的相关短语 afford (to do) sth. 买得起 afford some time 抽得出时间 afford sth. 提供；给予 E.g. He couldn’t even afford a nice coat. 他甚至买不起一件像样的外套。 I couldn’t afford any more time to do the extra work. 我真的抽不出更多的时间去完成额外的工作。 The exam affords a fair chance to compete to all students. 这场考试为学生们提供了一个公平竞争的机会。 【即时练习】The price of this computer is so high that I can’t afford _________ it. A. buying B. to buy C. bought D. buy 9. He borrowed books from his friends and taught himself. 他向朋友借书自学。(教材P17 Activity 4） 1）borrow，动词，意为“借；借用”。 borrow...from... 意为“向……借……”。 E.g. Can I borrow your umbrella? 借你的伞用一下行吗？ I need to borrow some books from the library. 我需要从图书馆借一些书。 辨析：borrow 和 lend 单词 词性 意思 用法 borrow 动词 借；借用（借入） borrow sth. from sb./borrow from sb./sth. lend 借给；借出 lend sb. sth. / lend sth. to sb. E.g. My pencil is broken, so I borrowed one from my friend. 我的铅笔坏了，所以我向朋友借了一支。 She lent her car to me, but she said I must return it tomorrow. 她把车借给我了，但她说我明天必须归还。 2）teach oneself 意为“自学”，可与 learn by oneself 互换。 E.g. The boy taught himself to ride bikes. = The boy learned riding bikes by himself. 这个男孩自学骑自行车。 【即时练习】1) —Can I ________ your shoes? —Sorry, I’m wearing them. I can’t _________ them to you. A. lend; lend B. borrow; borrow C. borrow; lend D. lend; borrow 2) 我自学了怎样做好吃鱼。 I _________ ___________ how to cook delicious fish. 10. He worked hard and made progress every day. After years of efforts, he passed the exam to enter college and worked as a teacher after he graduated. 他勤奋刻苦，每天都在进步。经过多年的努力，他考上了大学，毕业后成为了一名教师。(教材P17 Activity 4） 1）progress，不可数名词，意为“进步；进展”。 make progress 意 为“ 取 得 进 步”，progress前可加形容词进行修饰，如 slow/steady/rapid/good 等，意为“缓慢的 / 平稳的 / 快速的 /良好的进步或进展”。 E.g. He worked hard at English and made great progress. 他努力学英语并取得了巨大的进步。 拓展：progress 的其他相关短语 make progress in (doing) sth. 在（做）某事上进展顺利 in progress 在进行中 E.g. My sister made rapid progress in speaking English. 我妹妹在说英语方面取得了快速的进步。 The meeting is in progress and will be over in an hour. 会议正在进行中，将在 1 小时后结束。 2）effort，可数名词，意为“努力；试图” E.g. Although we were tired after the match, the results were worth the effort. 赛后尽管我们很累，但结果还是很值得的。 常用短语：make an efford (to do sth.) 尽力/尽量（做某事） make every effort to do sth. 尽一切努力做某事 be (well) worth the effort 做某事（很）值得 spare no effort to do sth. 全力以赴/不遗余力做某事 E.g. He made an effort to explain the reason for failing the exam. 他尽力解释考试失利的原因。 I made every effort to make up for the mistake I made. 我尽一切努力去弥补我犯的错。 Although it was tiring to climb Mount Taishan, it was well worth the effort. 尽管爬泰山很辛苦，不过再多的辛苦也是值得的。 To win the final football match, everyone in our team spared no effort to train hard. 为了赢得决赛，我们球队的每个球员都不遗余力地刻苦训练。 3）graduate，动词，意为“毕业”。其名词形式为graduation，是不可数名词，意为“（大 学或美国高中的）毕业”。 E.g. I’ll graduate this summer, and there will be a graduation ceremony then. 这个夏天我就要毕业了，到时候会举行毕业典礼。 拓展：graduate 的常见用法如下： graduate v. 毕业 graduate from + 学校 从.....学校毕业 graduate in + 学科 毕业于......专业 graduation n. 大学毕业生；学士学位获得者 a graduate of + 学校 .....毕业生 a history graduate 历史专业毕业生 E.g. My brother graduated in medicine from Beijing University last year. 我哥哥去年从北京大学医学系毕业。 Many graduates are busy looking for jobs when they graduate every summer. 每年毕业季的毕业生都忙着找工作。 【即时练习】1）With the help of my new friend Jeff, I’m sure I will _________ in my math. A. make faces B. make progress C. make a decision 2）我决定要好好练习，为下次的胜利做努力。 I decided to keep practicing hard and _________ _________ for the next victory. 3）After he _____________ from high school, he joined the army. (graduation) 11. He realized his dream through hard work and with a strong will. 凭着不懈努力和坚强的意志，他实现了自己的梦想。(教材P17 Activity 4） 1）realize，动词，意为“实现；意识到”。 realize one’s dream 意为“实现某人的梦想”， 可与 achieve one’s dream 互换。 E.g. I must try my best to realize/achieve my dream. 我必须尽力实现我的梦想。 链接：make one’s dream come true 意为“某人的（愿望、梦想等）实现，成真”。 注意：come true one’s dream的表述是错误的。 E.g. I need to study hard to make my dream come true.（√） 我需要努力学习来实现我的梦想。 I need to study hard to come true my dream.（×） 2）will，名词，意为“意志，毅力，决心”。 a strong will 意为“坚强的意志”。 E.g. Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者事竟成。 The players have strong wills, they all finished the 10 thousand-meter race. 运动员们意志坚定，他们都完成了一万米长跑比赛。 【即时练习】1) 如果你坚持你的梦想，总有一天会实现它。（完成译句） You will _________ your dream someday if you stick to it. 2) 我们应该有坚强的意志，从不轻易放弃。 We should have _______ _________ _________ and never give up. 12. From my teacher’s story, I learn that hard work is the key to success. 从我老师的故事中，我学到了勤奋是成功的关键。(教材P17 Activity 4） the key to success 意为“成功的关键”。 E.g. The key to success is not being a dreamer, but to spare no effort to do something. 成功的关键不是做一个空想家，而是全力以赴地去做事情。 注意：the key to success 短语中的 to 不能用of 表示。 归纳：类似用法的短语 the answer to the question 问题的答案 the key to the door 门锁的钥匙 the way to sp. 到某地的路 the ticket to... .....的票/入场券 【即时练习】成功的关键取决于你的学习习惯。 (完成译句) _______ _________ _______ _________ depends on your learning habits. 13. Stick to your dream and you will succeed. 坚持你的梦想，你就会成功。(教材P17 Activity 4） stick，动词，意为“粘贴；卡住”，其过去式为 stuck。 stick to sth. 意为“坚持（做某事，不怕困难）；维持”。 E.g. Please stick the picture on the wall. 请把这幅画贴在墙上。 The horse got stuck in the mud. 这匹马陷入泥地里了。 Stick to your decision if you are sure of it. 如果你很明确就坚持自己的决定。 My father is an honest man. He always sticks to his word. 我父亲是个很诚实的人，他一向说到做到。 拓展：① stick 还可作名词，意为“柴枝，枝条；棍，签；条状物；棍状物”。 E.g. My grandparents live in the countryside, and they use sticks to make fires. 我祖父母生活在乡下，他们用柴枝生火。 He is too weak, so he walks with a stick. 他身体太虚弱了，所以走路要拄拐杖。 Cut some potato sticks to make potato chips. 切一些土豆条来制作薯条。 ② stick 作动词时的相关短语 stick to doing sth. 坚持做某事 stick sth. on/to/in sth. 把某物粘贴在某处 stick sth. In/into/through... 把某物插进.... stick in sb.’s mind （因不同寻常或有趣而）深深留在某人的脑海，令某人记忆犹新 E.g. He sticks to running for ten years, so he looks very healthy. 他坚持跑步十年了，所以他看起来非常健康。 Please help me stick the posters on the wall of the classroom. 请帮我把海报贴在教室的墙上。 Don’t stick chopsticks into the rice. 不要把筷子插进米饭里。 Although I graduated, the three-year middle school life still sticks in my mind. 尽管已经毕业，但是三年的初中生活场景仍然令我记忆犹新。 【即时练习】Tina will get good grades as long as she sticks to _________ hard. A. studying B. study C. studied D. studies 14. How did the writer’s teacher manage to pass the exam to enter college? 作者的老师是如何设法成功考上大学的？(教材P17 Activity 4） manage to do sth. 意为“设法做成某事”。 同义短语是 ‌succeed in doing sth.‌ E.g. We managed to arrive at the train station in time. 我们设法及时地赶到了火车站。 【即时练习】The engineer managed to ___________ (solution) the complex problem in just one hour. 单元语法 后缀 -al 英语中，-al 是个极为常用的后缀，它主要有两种功能，一是把名词变为形容词，二是把动词变为名词。其变化规则和具体用法如下： 1）构成形容词 后缀 -al 添加到名词之后，能够赋予该词“与……相关”或者“具有…… 性质的”的含义。其变化规则如下： （1） 一般情况直接加 -al 名词 形容词 nation 国家 national 国家的；全国的 music 音乐 musical 音乐的 person 人 personal 个人的 E.g. She’s fighting for a place in the national team. 她正努力争取加入国家队。 She has a musical talent. 她有音乐天赋。 This is my personal information. 这是我的个人隐私。 （2）以 -e 结尾的名词，去 -e 加 -al 名词 形容词 globe 地球 global 全球的 culture 文化 cultural 文化的 nature 自然 natural 自然的 E.g. In a word, the internet has a global influence. 总之，互联网具有全球影响力。 We have many cultural festivals. 我们有很多文化性的节日。 Plants grow in natural conditions. 植物在自然环境中生长。 （3）以 -y 结尾的名词，变 -y 为 -i 再加 -cal 名词 形容词 history 历史 historical 历史的 ecology 生态 ecological 生态的 E.g. This is a historical event. 这是一起历史事件。 The ecological environment is becoming better. 生态环境正在好转。 （4） 特殊拼写（无固定规则，需记忆） 名词 形容词 center 中心 central 在中心的 society 社会 social 社交的；社会的 E.g. The park is in the central area. 公园在中心区域。 — Teamwork helps children a lot in social skills. 团队协作对孩子们的交际能力有很大帮助。 —You’re right. 你说得对。 2）构成名词 后缀 -al 加在动词后，构成名词，通常表示“行为、过程或结果”。 （1）直接加 -al 动词 名词 dismiss 解雇 dismissal 解雇；撤职；开除 E.g. Mr. Yang’s dismissal brought him a lot of problems. 被免职给杨先生的生活带来了很多问题。 （2）去 -e 加 -al 动词 名词 propose 提议；建议 proposal 建议；提议 survive 生存；存活；幸存 survival 生存；存活；幸存 arrive 到达 arrival 到达 refuse 拒绝 refusal 拒绝 E.g. The official’s proposal was supported by the people. 这位官员的提议得到了民众的支持。 They are fighting for survival. 他们正在为生存而拼搏。 We apologize for the late arrival of the train. 我们为火车误点表示歉意。 Her refusal surprised us. 她的拒绝让我们惊讶。 （3）变 -y 为 -i 再加 -al 动词 名词 deny 否认；否定 denial 否认；否定 bury 埋葬；安葬 burial 埋葬；葬礼 E.g. The thief is still in denial, though the police have found the proof that he stole the bike. 这位窃贼仍然拒不承认，尽管警方已经发现了他偷窃自行车的证据。 Many people went to the old man’s burial. 许多人参加了这位老人的葬礼。 时间状语从句 1） 概念： 时间状语从句是英语中常用的从句类型，由时间连词，如 when、while、before、after、until、as soon as 等引导，用于说明主句动作发生的时间背景，即主句动作与从句动作在时间上的先后、同时或伴随等关系。 其核心作用是明确两个（或多个）动作发生的时间逻辑，如“当……的时侯”“在……之前”“直到……才”等。时间状语从句的时态需遵循“主将从现（主句将来时，从句现在时）”等规则，且需注意主从句动词的“延 续性”与“非延续性”对连词选择的影响。 2）常用时间连词引导的从句用法 （1）when 引导的时间状语从句，意为“当……的时候”。 ① 从句动作与主句动作可同时发生，也可有先后顺序。从句谓语动词可接延续性动词（如 read、study）或非延续性动词（如come、stop）。 E.g. When I opened the door, I saw a cat.（动作先后） 我开门时，看到了一只猫。 She sings when she walks.（同时发生）她边走边唱。 ② 时态 主句 从句 用法 一般现在时 一般现在时 表示习惯性动作或客观事实。 现在进行时 强调动作正在进行。 一般将来时 一般现在时 时间状语从句中，用现在时代替将来时。 现在进行时 一般现在时 表示习惯性动作或客观事实。 现在进行时 强调主句和从句的动作同时进行。 过去时 一般过去时 表示过去同时发生的动作。 过去进行时 强调过去某一动作正在进行。 E.g. When he comes tomorrow, I will tell him the news. 明天他来时，我会告诉他这个消息。 My mother is cooking when I arrive home. 当我到家时妈妈正在做饭。 The students were talking happily when the teacher came into the classroom. 当老师走进教室的时候同学们正聊得开心。 注意：当主句用一般过去时，从句用过去进行时态时，强调前一个动作在后一动作过程中发生，此时 when 可与 while 互换。 E.g. The telephone rang when/while I was doing my homework. 当我正在写作业的时候电话铃响了。 （2）while 引导的时间状语从句 表示“在……期间；当……的时候”。其用法如下： 主句 从句 用法 延续性动词 延续性动词 强调主句与从句动作同时持续进行，主从句动词都必须是延续性动词。常搭配过去进行时（主从句均用进行时，突出“同时进行”） 短暂性动词 强调前一个动作在后一个动作过程中发生，此时可与 when 互换。 E.g. While my dad was washing the car, I was cleaning the room.（同时持续进行） 爸爸洗车时，我在打扫房间。 The dog barked while/when we were eating.（主句用一般过去时，从句过去进行时） 我们吃饭时，狗在叫。 You can see a film while/when we are shopping.（主句用一般现在时，从句过去进行时） 你可以在我们购物时去看电影。 注意：while 引导的从句的谓语动词必须是延续性动词，若遇非延续性动词，如 come、stop 等，需用 when 替换。 E.g. When the bell rang, we were having class. 铃响时，我们正在上课。 （3）as 引导的时间状语从句 ① 意为“当……时；随着”，表示“某事一发生，另一事随即发生”或“从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生”。 E.g. As the sun rose, the fog disappeared.（某事一发生，另一事随即发生） 太阳一出来，雾就消散了。 The students took notes as they listened. （动作同时发生）学生们边听课边做笔记。 ② 时态 主句 从句 用法 主从句动作同时发生 一般过去时 一般过去时 表示过去同时发生的动作。 一般现在时 表示现在习惯或客观事实。 主句将来时，从句现在时 一般将来时 一般现在时 时间状语从句中不用将来时。 强调动作的渐进性 主从句时态一致，常用一般现在时或一般过去时。 E.g. She smiled as she opened the gift. （主过从过） 她打开礼物时笑了。 As the temperature drops, water freezes. （主现从现） 温度下降时，水会结冰。 I will text you as I leave the office. （主将从现） 我离开办公室时会给你发消息。 As he grew older, he became wiser. （强调动作的渐进性） 随着年龄增长，他变得更睿智。 （4）before 引导的时间状语从句 ① 表示 “在……之前”，即从句动作发生在主句动作之后（先有主句，后有从句）。 ② 时态：一般现在时、一般过去时或“主将从现”（主句将来时，从句现在时）。 E.g. I always drink milk before I go to bed. （喝牛奶在睡觉前，一般现在时）我睡前总是喝牛奶。 He finished his homework before he went to bed.（完成作业在睡觉前，一般过去时） 他在睡前完成了作业。 He will finish the work before you come. （主将从现）在你到来前，他会完成工作。 （5）after 引导的时间状语从句 ① 表示“在……之后”，即从句动作发生在主句动作之前（先有从句，后有主句）。 ② 时态：过去时或“主将从现”。 例 e.g. After the rain stopped, we played football.（雨停在先，一般过去时） 雨停后，我们踢了足球。 She will go shopping after she finishes her homework. （主将从现） 做完作业后，她会去购物。 （6）until 引导的时间状语从句 ① 表示“直到……为止”。 ② 具体用法如下表： 句式结构 时态 用法 结构为“主句（肯定）+ until + 从句”，主句谓语动词通常是延续性动词，如 wait、stay、work 等。 “主将从现”或主从句均用过去时。 用于肯定句中，表示动作持续到 从句发生，意为“一直做……直 到……”。 结构为“not...until...”，意 为“ 直 到 …… 才 ……”， 主 句 谓 语 动词通常是短暂性动词，如 star、leave 等。 用于否定句中，表示动作直到从 句的动作发生时才开始。 E.g. We will stay here until the rain stops（. 主将从现） 我们会待在这里，直到雨停。 He waited until his mother came back. （肯定句，主句用延续性动词） 他一直等到妈妈回来。 I didn’t go to bed until I finished my homework.（否定句，主句用短暂性动词） 直到做完作业我才睡觉。 （7）as soon as 引导的时间状语从句 ① 意为“一……就……”，表示主句动作紧接着从句动作发生。 ② 时态 主句 从句 用法 一般现在时 一般现在时 表示习惯性动作或客观事实。 一般将来时 一般现在时 表示将来动作（时间状语从句中不用将来时）。 一般过去时 一般过去时 表示过去接连发生的动作。 过去进行时 强调过去某一动作正在进行。 特殊情况：主句为祈使句（动词原形） 时，从句用 一般现在时。 E.g. I will call you as soon as I get to Beijing. （主将从现） 一到北京我就会给你打电话。 He left as soon as the bell rang.（两个动作都已发生，时态保持一致） 铃声一响他就离开了。 Send me a message as soon as you get home. （主句是祈使句） 你一到家就给我发消息。 3）通用注意事项 （1）主将从现：主句为将来时、祈使句或含情态动词时，从句用现在时表将来。 E.g. Call me when he arrives. 当他到了给我打电话。 （2）动词性质：while 后接延续性动词，when 后可接任意动词；until 肯定句接延续性 动词，否定句接非延续性动词。 （3）逻辑顺序：before/after 需明确动作先后，避免颠倒。 E.g. After I eat breakfast, I go to school. 吃完早饭后，我去上学。 语法知识点小测： 一、单词拼写。 1．He can play some instruments. (music) 2．This is her (person) problem. Do you think so? 3．Could you please (explain) this difficult math problem to me? 4．After our (arrive) in Lanzhou, we went to Zhongshan Bridge. 5．With the help of apps and textbooks, these students teach __ French. (they) 6．We should take our studies __ to build a good future. (serious) 7．He had a (discuss) with his parents about his study plan. 8．—Do you often learn about disaster prevention? —Yes, I (attend) related lectures every quarter. 9．She (graduate) from Peking University as well as her boyfriend with a first-class degree in physics. 10．The woman is a wonderful actress (女演员) because she (act) out many films. 二、完成句子。 1．在你查字典之前，先猜测单词的意思。 Before you a word in the dictionary, guess its meaning first. 2．熊猫生活在中国的中部地区。 Pandas the central part of China. 3．这个5岁的男孩有如此好的方向感以至于他从来不迷路。 This 5-year-old boy has such a good sense of that he never gets lost. 4．我只有在练完钢琴后才能打篮球。 I can only play basketball after I the piano. 5．My brother managed to make new friends at last night’s party. (保持句子意思不变) My brother making new friends at last night’s party. 6．讨论结束后，我们继续下一个话题吧。 After the discussion, let’s the next topic. 7．询问关于怎样复习功课的建议怎么样？ How about asking for advice about how to the lesson? 8．你可以通过写下关键词记笔记。 You can by writing down the key words. 9．凯若琳虽然没有教学天赋，但她靠努力弥补这个缺陷。 Caroline doesn’t have a gift for teaching, but she it with hard work. 10．The expert set up an organization to protect wild animals. (改为否定句) The expert up an organization to protect wild animals. 11．沉浸在精彩的科幻故事里，我差点忘了妈妈交代的事。 I the wonderful science fiction story, and I almost forgot what my mother told me. 12．重要的是，你要学会如何与不同文化背景的人和睦相处。 It is important for you to learn how to get on well with people from different __________ _____________. 三、单项选择（词汇辨析）。 ( ) 1．As soon as the passengers ________ off the plane, they called their families. A．got B．gets C．will get D．are getting ( ) 2．The photos remind me ________ the happy days I spent in London. A．in B．on C．of ( ) 3．My brother _________ come back _________ 12 o’clock last night. A．can’t; until B．doesn’t; until C．wasn’t; until D．didn’t; until ( ) 4．We ________ see any flowers ________ May or June. A．too; to B．won’t; until C．are; until D．not; until ( ) 5．We ________ you a message as soon as the result of your interview comes out. A．send B．have sent C．sent D．will send ( ) 6．Susan ________ her homework at 8 p.m. yesterday, while her brother was reading. A．does B．did C．was doing D．has done ( ) 7．Lily _________ TV when her father came home. A．watches B．has watched C．watched D．was watching ( ) 8．The students ________ English songs when the teacher came into the classroom. A．sing B．sang C．are singing D．were singing ( ) 9．Everyone should stick to ________ more with their parents. A．communicate B．communicating C．communicated ( ) 10．I always work harder than my sister, so I make _______ progress than her. A．much B．more C．less D．little ( ) 11．—Could I ________ your novel, Lily? —I’m sorry. I ________ it to Mary. A．borrow; borrowed B．lend; lent C．lend; borrowed D．borrow; lent ( ) 12．Judy does some part-time jobs after school in order that she can afford ________ more homeless animals. A．save B．to save C．saving ( ) 13．The students are discussing ________ the school trip to the science museum. A．plan B．planning C．to plan D．planned ( ) 14．The boy didn’t ________ his hand but ________ to answer his teacher’s question. A．rise, rose B．raise, rises C．raise, rose D．rise, raised ( ) 15．—Are you different _________ your friend, Mary? —No, we are similar _________ each other! We like to do the same things. A．to; from B．from; to C．to; to D．from; from ( ) 16．With so much work to do, Mr. Lin ________ get away from the office before 7:00 p.m. A．was able to B．wasn’t able to C．won’t be able to ( ) 17．Wow, one of the ________ can speak three ________ languages. A．foreigners; foreign B．foreigners; foreigner C．foreigner; foreign D．foreign; foreigner ( ) 18．The movie is ________. I am ________about it. A．disappointing; disappointed B．disappointed; disappointing C．disappointing; disappointing D．disappointed; disappointed ( ) 19．My mother often reminds me ________ enough water every day. A．to drink B．drinking C．drink D．drank ( ) 20．A dog is found ________ in the garden. It might ________ two days ago. A．die, die B．died, dead C．dead, die D．dead; dead ( ) 21．—Who do you admire?    —She is a world-famous scientist and has a lot of friends ________. A． in and out of abroad B．at home and abroad C．at home and at abroad D．in home and out of abroad ( ) 22．I could ________ understand what he said because it’s ________ to follow a quick speaker. A．hardly; hard B．hard; hard C．hard; hardly D．hardly; hardly ( ) 23. He ________ finish the work ________ it was late. And he went to bed. A．doesn’t; when B．didn’t; before C．didn’t; until D．doesn’t; until ( ) 24．While he ________ the piano, his mother came back. A．plays B．played C．is playing D．was playing ( ) 25．I ________ Jenny about the good news as soon as she ________ back. A．will tell; will come B．will tell; comes C．tell; comes D．tell; will come ( ) 26．—Is ________ here? —No, we are all here ________ Peter. A．anybody; except B．anybody; besides C．everybody; besides D．everybody; except ( ) 27．—Do you have difficulty in ________ Italian? —Yes. But I try to make myself ________. A．speak; understand B．speaking; understood C．speaking; understand ( ) 28．The look on his face suggested that the teacher was quite ________ with the ________ result. A．satisfied; satisfied B．satisfied; satisfying C．satisfying; satisfied D．satisfying; satisfying ( ) 29．Can you imagine ________ down on an unexplored planet where it never rains? A．settle B．to settle C．settled D．settling ( ) 30．Her nervous smile _________ her true feelings when she said she wasn’t worried about the exam. A．gave up B．gave away C．gave in D．gave back ( ) 31．The news was so ________ that everyone was extremely ________, without considering if it was confirmed. A． shocked; shocked B．shock; shocked C．shocking; shocked D．shock; shocking ( ) 32．—The boy can speak both English and Japanese ________ he is only ten. —Wow. He is ________ a clever boy _______ everyone loves him. A．although; such … that B．because; such … that C．although; so … that D．because; so … that ( ) 33．Peter doesn’t tell me when he ________. I’ll telephone you as soon as he ________. A． will come, comes B．will come, will come C．comes, will come D．comes, comes ( ) 34．He reads ______ few books that he can’t tell stories to ______ little children. A．so; such B．such; such C．so; so D．such; so 四、完形填空 I have been learning English since I was 10 years old. Everything I was 1 at school was about tenses (时态), plural rules and other complex grammar. Every day, my teacher 2 us to copy new words 10 times. I was tired of memorizing vocabulary and grammar rules. Gradually, learning English became 3 I disliked. When I was in Grade 8, my parents bought me a computer. From then on, it became my best helper. I could learn 4 I wanted, I began to listen to music and watch TV shows. The first TV show that I watched was Hannah Montana. It was very funny, and I picked up quite a lot of vocabulary from it, which was an unforgettable learning experience. It was also when I fell in love with the 5 . I remember back then, I also downloaded a lot of English songs and listened to them every day. Besides, I 6 many websites where people from all over the world exchanged cultures with each other. I made a lot of foreign friends there, and we talked about everything in life. At first, I thought the only 7 people learned English was that they wanted to communicate with each other. Not until I 8 myself in the language did I realize that the language itself was the best way to create a strong connection between me and the endless knowledge of the world. I can see a huge improvement in my English skills. Thanks to English, I have learned much more about the world around me. The journey towards language fluency (流利) is not always 9 , and I still have a long way to go. I won’t, however, give up on it. I prefer the journey that I’ve been through to the destination ahead. If you don’t know where you are 10 , if you’re not sure what to do next, just do whatever you love. ( ) 1．A．taught B．learned C．studied D．improved ( ) 2．A．forced B．warned C．required D．invited ( ) 3．A．something B．anything C．nothing D．everything ( ) 4．A．whoever B．whatever C．wherever D．however ( ) 5．A．computer B．language C．experience D．show ( ) 6．A．invented B．created C．discovered D．attended ( ) 7．A．excuse B．result C．end D．reason ( ) 8．A．doubted B．lost C．forgot D．remembered ( ) 9．A．hard B．fun C．easy D．exciting ( ) 10．A．exactly B．actually C．quickly D．simply 五、短文填空 据短文内容用所给词的适当形式填空。 China is the home of tea. It is 1 (believe) that China had tea plants as early as five to six thousand years ago, and that people began to grow tea plants two thousand years ago. Tea from China began to be 2 (know) by the world over a thousand years ago and has always been an important Chinese export (出口物品). At present, more than forty 3 (country) in the world grow tea. The words for tea 4 (leaf) or tea as a drink in many places are derivatives (派生词) from the Chinese character “cha”. The Russians call it “chai”, which 5 (sound) like “chaye” as it is pronounced in northern China, and the English word “tea” sounds similar to the 6 (pronounce) of it in Xiamen. The Japanese character for tea is 7 (write) exactly the same as it is in Chinese, though pronounced with a small 8 (different). The habit of tea 9 (drink) spread to Japan in the 6th century, but it was not introduced to Europe and America until the 17th and 18th 10 (century). Now the number of tea drinkers in the world is large and is still on the increase. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 新仁爱八下 Unit7 Be a Better Learner单元知识梳理（背诵+讲解版） Preparing for the Topic Listening & Speaking 1. In our listening class this afternoon, we practiced how to take notes. 在今天下午的听力课上，我们练习了如 何记笔记。 (教材P2 Activity 1 B） note，名词，意为“笔记；记录”，常指在听讲或读书等时的笔记。 take notes 意为“记笔记”。 E.g. We should take notes carefully in English class. 在英语课堂上我们应该认真记笔记。 拓展：note 作名词时的其他意思及用法 note 便条（a thank you note 一封感谢信） note 纸币（a 5 yuan note 一张5元纸币） note 音符（high/low notes 高音/低音） E.g. The old man wrote a thank you note to Linlin because she helped him find his missing pet dog. 这位老人给琳琳写了一封感谢信，因为她帮他找到了丢失的宠物狗。 The boy found a 5 yuan note on his way home. 这个男孩在回家路上捡到了一张 5 元的纸币。 I played a lot of wrong notes when I played the piano. 弹钢琴的时候我弹错了好多个音符。 【即时练习】你可以通过写下关键词记笔记。 You can take notes by writing down the key words. 2. We attended a speech this morning. It was about why natural food is good for our body. 今天上午我们参加了一场演讲。它是关于为什么天然食物对我们的身体有益。 (教材P2 Activity 1 B） attend，动词，意为“参加；出席”。 attend a speech 意为“参加演讲”。 E.g. My father attended an international meeting last week. 我父亲上周出席了一场国际会议。 拓展：attend 作动词时的其他意思 attend 经常去，定期去（某处）/注意；专心/随同；陪同 E.g. You should attend the dentist’s for regular check-ups. 你应该定期去牙医诊所进行检查。 He isn’t attending in class. 课堂上他一直不专心。 The old man is always attended by his daughter when he goes out. 外出时这位老人的女儿一直陪同他。 【即时练习】1) 我肯定他会参加我们的聚会的。 I am sure he’ll attend our party. 2) I couldn’t attend the training. (改为同义句) I couldn’t take part in the training. 3. We learned how to search for information online in the science class yesterday. The internet is really a useful tool, and it also creates such a magical world. 我们在昨天的科学课上学习了如何在网上搜索信息。互联网真是一个有用的工具，创造了一个如此神奇的世界。 (教材P2 Activity 1 B） 1）learn how to do sth. 意为“学习如何做某事”，其中不定式结构 how to do sth. 在句中作 learn 的宾语。 E.g. We can learn how to solve this math problem from our math teacher. 我们可以向数学老师学习如何解决这道数学题。 2）such a 意为“如此 / 这么 / 这样的一 个……”。 E.g. Some people like to help others quietly, and Mr. Li is such a person. 有些人喜欢悄悄帮助他人，李先生就是这样的一个人。 拓展：such，限定词 / 代词，意为“这样，如此，非常（用于强调）；上述一类，诸如此类， 这种，这类（用于指已提到的人或事物）”，常修饰名词。 E.g. —It’s such a fine day that I want to go for a picnic with my friends. 今天天气真好以至于我想跟朋友一起去野餐。 —Me, too. 我也是。 —For this meeting, they will invite some famous singers, musicians and such.   这次会议他们将邀请一些著名歌手、音乐家之类的人。 —That’s great! 那太好了！ 辨析：such 和 so 单词 词性 用法 such 限定词 /代词 常修饰名词 1 such + a/an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数 + that 从句 2 such + 形容词 + 可数名词复数 + that 从句 3 such + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + that 从句 so 副词 常修饰 形容词或副词 1 so + 形容词 / 副 词 +that 从句 ② so + many/much/few/little + 名词 + that 从句 注意： ① such + a/an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数 = so +形容词 / 副词 + a/an + 可数名词单数； ② 如果修饰名词表示“多、少”时，只能用“so + many/much/few/little + that 从句”来表示。 E.g. She is such a clever girl that she can always get first place in exams. 她是一个如此聪明的女孩以至于她总能够在考试中得第一名。 — They are such beautiful flowers that everyone likes them. 它们是如此美丽的花以至于人人都喜欢。 —Yes. 是的。 It’s such exciting news that we’re all excited. 这是个如此令人兴奋的消息以至于我们都很激动。 The flowers are so beautiful that everyone likes them. 这些花如此美丽以至于人人都喜欢。 — There were so many people on the bus that I couldn’t find a seat.   公交车上人是如此多以至于我找不到座位。 —You can take the next bus. 你可以坐下一趟车 【即时练习】1） It’s a pity that he reads ____A____ few books that he can’t tell ________ stories to little children. A. so; such B. such; such C. so; so D. such; so 2） We got ________ little money that we could only solve ____B____ little problems. A. such; such B. so; such C. so; so D. such; so 【详解】2) 句意：我们得到了如此少的钱，以至于我们只能解决这样的小问题。 考查so和such的用法区别。so用于修饰形容词或副词，such用于修饰名词或名词短语。根据“...little money that”可知，第一个空后“little money”中“little”为形容词，表示“少的”，修饰不可数名词money；第二空后“litlte problems”中little表示“小的”，修饰可数名词复数，前用such。故选B。 4. We did an experiment in today’s chemistry class. I was shocked to see the color changing from purple to silver. 我们今天在化学课上做了一个实验。我很震惊地看到那颜色从紫色变成银色。 (教材P2 Activity 1 B） shocked，形容词，意为“震惊的；惊愕的”。 be shocked to do sth. 意为“对做某事感到震惊”。 E.g. I was quite shocked to see his crazy behavior. 看到他疯狂的行为，我感到非常震惊。 辨析：shocked 和 shocking 单词 词性 意思 用法 shocked 形容词 震惊的；惊愕的； 气愤的；厌恶的 作表语，主语是人。 be shocked at/by sb./sth. 对某人/某事感到震惊；对某人/某事感到气愤/厌恶 shocking 形容词 令人震惊的；令人 气愤的；惹人憎恶的 既可作定语又可作表语，主语通常是事物。 非常糟糕的 E.g. They were shocked at the news of his death.（作表语，主语是人）他们对他的死感到震惊。 We are all shocked by the boy’s bad behavior.（作表语，主语是人） 我们都对这个男孩的糟糕行为感到气愤。 It’s shocking news for all of us. （作定语，主语是事物） 这对我们来说是个令人震惊的消息。 The news is shocking.（作表语，主语是事物） 这个消息令人震惊。 Our old house is in a shocking state.（作定语，主语是事物） 我们的老房子破败得不成样子。 【即时练习】The news was so ____C____ that everyone was extremely ________, without considering if it was confirmed. A. shocked; shocked B. shock; shocked C. shocking; shocked D. shock; shocking Function 1. I can hardly remember any new words. 我几乎记不住任何新单词。 (教材P4 Activity 3） hardly，副词，意为“几乎不；几乎没有”。 E.g. He hardly smokes after giving it up. 他戒烟后几乎不吸烟了。 辨析：hardly 和 hard 单词 词 性 意思 用法 hardly 副词 几乎不；几乎没有 表达否定意思。 强调做某事很难，常用于 can 和 could之后，主要动词之前。 hard 形容词 困苦的；艰苦的；艰难的 have a hard life 过着艰苦的生活 难做的；难懂的；难以回答的 a hard choice 艰难的选择 耗费体力（或脑力）的；辛苦的 hard work 辛苦活 坚固的；坚硬的；结实的 a hard board 一块坚硬的木板 冷酷无情的；硬心肠的； 无同情心的 a hard man 一个冷酷无情的人 副词 努力地；费力地；艰难地 work hard 努力工作 沉重地；大量地；长时间地 rain hard 雨下得大 E.g. He hardly calls me.（作副词） 他几乎没有给我来过电话。 I could hardly believe my eyes. 我简直不敢相信我的眼睛。 People had a hard life in the past.（作形容词） 过去人们过着艰难的生活。 It’s a hard choice for me. 这让我难以抉择。 He was in a lot of pain after falling on the hard ground. 他摔在坚硬的地面上，感到非常疼痛。 Mr. Wang is a hard man. 王先生是一个冷酷无情的人。 You need to work hard to catch up with others.（作副词） 你需要努力学习才能赶上他人。 I have to wait because it’s raining hard outside. 因为外面雨下得大，所以我不得不原地等待。 【即时练习】1) —Does your brother work ____D____? —No. He ________ spends any time on his subjects. A. hard; hard B. hardly; hardly C. hardly; hard D. hard; hardly 2) We stayed at home ____A____ it rained ________ yesterday. A. because, hard B. so, heavily C. but, hardly 2. I always write down new words in a notebook and go over them whenever I have time. 我总是把新单词写在笔记本上，并且一有时间就复习它们。 (教材P4 Activity 3） 1） go over 意为“反复研究；仔细琢磨”， 口语中通常可译为“复习”，可与review互换。 E.g. He went over the whole thing in his mind at night. 晚上他反复琢磨这整件事。 I often go over/review my notes at night. 我经常在晚上复习笔记。 拓展：go over (to) 的其他意思 go over (to) 转向另一立场（或见解、习惯等）/ 从一处到（另一处）/切换到另一人物（或地点） E.g. Many people went over to the safe places during the wars. 战时许多人迁徙到安全的地方。 Let’s go over to the flood in the south. 让我们把目光转向南方的洪水。 2） whenever，连词，意为“每当；无论何时”，可与 no matter when 互换。 E.g. Whenever you need help, please call me. = No matter when you need help, please call me. 无论何时你需要帮助，请给我打电话。 归纳： whatever = no matter what 无论什么 whoever = no matter who 无论是谁 wherever = no matter where 无论在哪儿 however = no matter how 无论怎样 whichever = no matter which 无论哪个/哪些 【即时练习】1）“Kitty, ____D____ your lesson again. The mid-term exam is coming soon.” Said Mum. A. went over B. going over C. to go over D. go over 2）Whenever you meet difficulties, you can ask me for help. (改为同义句) ___No matter when____ you meet difficulties, you can ask me for help. 3. Also, I often copy down the whole sentences with the new words. 此外，我经常把含有新单词的整个句子 抄下来。 (教材P4 Activity 3） copy down 意为“抄写，抄下；抄录”， 还可表述为 copy out。 E.g. Linlin copied down several poems yesterday afternoon. 琳琳昨天下午抄录了几首诗歌。 拓展：copy 作动词时的其他意思 copy 复制；复印；仿造；临摹/抄写；誊写/模仿；效法；仿效/作弊；抄袭/拷贝；复制 E.g. The young man copied the great artists’ paintings for years. 这个年轻人多年来一直在临摹那些著名画家的画作。 —The little girl likes to copy the lines in her notebook. 这个小女孩喜欢把歌词抄写在笔记本上。 —Me, too. 我也是。 The pupils often copy everything their teacher does. 小学生经常效仿他们老师的一举一动。 He was punished for copying in the English exam. 他因为在英语考试中作弊而受到惩罚。 【即时练习】Class, listen carefully and then copy down the notes on the blackboard. ( C ) A. look down B. turn down C. write down 4. I listen to and repeat the texts until I can learn them by heart. 我听并重复课文，直到我能记住它们。 (教材P4 Activity 3） by heart 意为“单凭记忆；能背诵”。 E.g. He read the poem again and again until he can recite it by heart. 他一遍遍朗读这篇诗词直到能背诵下来。 【即时练习】1）If we can remember something, we can ____B____. A. make it B. learn it by heart C. get it 2）—Tim can answer the teacher’s question without difficulty. —Yeah, he has learnt the poem by heart. ( C ) A. got to know B. learnt…day and night C. kept...in mind Exploring the Topic Thinking Skills & Reading Strategies 1. I prepared some things before I set off. 出发前我准备了一些东西。 (教材P6 Activity 1） set off 意为“出发；动身；启程”，可与start out/off 互换。 E.g. We’ll set off early to be there on time. = We’ll start out/off early to be there on time. 我们将会早点出发以便能准时到那。 拓展：set off 的其他用法及意思 set sth. off = set off sth. 引起，激发（尤指意外事件）/触响（警报系统）/衬托某物；使某物显得更漂亮 set sb. off 激起某人的某种情感（指引起某人发笑、哭泣、谈论某事等） E.g. His words set off anger in his class just now. 刚刚他的话在教室里引起了众怒。 The smoke will set off the alarm. 烟雾会触发火警报警器。 The golden sunlight sets off the beautiful lake. 金色的阳光把这个漂亮的湖衬托得更美。 The bad news may set her off again. 这个坏消息可能又会让她哭起来。 【即时练习】 —We have to set off for the railway station right away. The train is leaving in an hour. —Sam will be here soon. Let’s wait for two more minutes. ( A ) A. leave for B. take off C. get down 2. After seven years of studying abroad, he returned to China in 1909. 在国外学习七年之后，他于 1909 年回到中国。 (教材P6 Activity 2） abroad，副词，意为“在国外；到国外”。 study abroad 意为“出国留学”。 E.g. Wang Lin plans to study abroad in three years. 王林打算三年后出国留学。 拓展： abroad 的相关短语 go abroad 出国 travel abroad/make a tour abroad 出国旅游 at home and abroad 国内外 【即时练习】他的父母总是去国外出差。 His parents always go abroad on business. 3. He used his pen to fight for the benefits of the Chinese people. He died in 1936. 他用他的笔为中国人民的利益而斗争。他死于 1936 年。 (教材P6 Activity 2） die，动词，意为“死；死亡”。过去式为died，现在分词为 dying。 E.g. The dog died soon after it was hit by a car. 这只狗被车撞后不久就死去了。 拓展：die 的相关短语 die for sth. 为......而死/献身 die down 减弱；平息 die out 消失；灭绝 died of死于（疾病等内部原因）；died from死于（事故等外部原因） die in 表示死于意外事故 E. g. —He loves his country so much that he would like to die for her. 他如此热爱自己的国家以至于他愿意为之奉献自己的生命。 —Me, too. 我也是。 The excitement died down after he got home. 回家后他的兴奋之情就平息了。 Some of the wild animals will die out if we don’t protect them. 如果我们不加以保护，一些野生动物将会灭绝。 The old man died of a serious illness last month. 这位老人上个月死于一种严重的疾病。 He died in a car accident. 他死于一起交通事故。 归纳：表示“死亡”的几种表述及用法 单词/短语 意思 用法 die 死；死亡 适用于大多数场合和句型中。 pass away 去世 委婉语，为表示尊敬或避免令人不快。 lose one’s life 丧生 常指在不幸事件中丧生。 lay down one’s life 献出自己的生命，牺牲 为了救人或信仰而献出自己的生命或牺牲（正式语）。 drop dead 猝死，暴毙 表示突然死亡（非正式语）。 E.g. Some animals died because of the sudden snowstorm. 一些动物因为突然的暴风雪而死亡。 The great scientist passed away when he was 100. 这位伟大的科学家在100岁时去世了。 Three people lost their lives in the fire. 三个人在这次火灾中丧生了。 The young man laid down his life when he saved the boy in the river. 这位年轻人在河里救小男孩时牺牲了。 The old man dropped dead of a heart attack one day. 一天，这位老人突发心脏病去世了。 【即时练习】The old man ____D____ cancer. His ________ made us very sad. A. died of; dead B. died from; die C. died from; dead D. died of; death 【详解】句意：那位老人死于癌症，他的死让我们很伤心。 考查动词短语和名词。died of死于（疾病等内部原因）；died from死于（事故等外部原因）；dead形容词，意为“死的”；die动词，意为“死亡”；death名词，意为“死亡”。根据语境，第一空指老人死于癌症，是疾病导致的死亡，属于内部原因，所以第一空应用“died of”；第二空，根据句子结构可知，此处需要一个名词来作句子的主语，表示“他的死”，“death”是名词，符合语境，所以第二空应用“death”。故选D。 4. For example, when he wants to learn something with the cultural background, like “hot dog”, he will search online for information about the culture. 例如，当他想了解一些有文化背景的东西时，比如“热狗”，他会在网上搜索相关的文化信息。 (教材P7 Activity 1） 1） background，名词，意为“背景”。 cultural background 意为“文化背景”。 E.g. Some of his ideas come from his cultural background. 他的一些想法来自他的文化背景。 拓展：background 的其他意思 background 出身，个人背景/（事情的）背景情况/（尤指图片上主要事物的）背景，后景/（图画、文字等的）底子，底色 E.g. Can you tell me about his background? 你能告诉我他的出身吗？ I don’t want to talk about it because I don’t know the background to it. 我不了解这件事的背景情况，所以我不想谈论它。 You can see some beautiful flowers in the background of this photo. 在这张照片的背景中你能看到一些漂亮的花。 We need to take some photos with a red background. 我们需要拍一些红底的照片。 归纳：background 的其他相关短语 family background 家庭背景，家庭出身 social background 社会背景 educational background 教育背景 ethnic background 种族背景 2） 本句是一个复合句，主句为“he will search online for information about the culture”， 从句是由 when 引导的时间状语从句。 注意：when 引导的时间状语从句的时态变化： when: 从句部分用一般现在时，主句常用现在进行时或一般将来时等。 从句部分用一般过去式，主句常用一般过去时或过去进行时等。 E.g. My mother is cooking when I get back home. 当我到家时，妈妈正在做饭。 When he wants to do exercise, he will go to the gym. 当他想锻炼的时候，他就会去体育馆。 All my classmates were reading when I walked into the classroom. 当我走进教室的时候，所有同学都在读书。 【即时练习】1) 它以丰富的文化背景而出名。 It is famous for its rich cultural background. 2）（2025天津·中考真题）The mobile phone ____A____ when I was making a cake with my mother. A. rang B. rings C. is ringing D. is going to ring 5. What does Bowen’s experience remind you of ? 博文的经历让你想起了什么？ (教材P7 Activity 1） remind，动词，意为“使想起；提醒”。 remind sb. of sth. 意为“使某人想起某事”。 E.g. The old photo reminded me of my childhood. 这张老照片使我想起了童年。 拓展：remind 作动词时其他常见用法 remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事 remind sb. + (that)从句 提醒某人...... remind oneself 提醒某人自己 E.g. Mom reminded me to buy some milk on my way home. 妈妈提醒我在回家路上买一些牛奶。 Mr. Wang reminded me that I still had a lot of work to do the next day. 王先生提醒我明天还有很多工作要做。 He made a list to remind himself to buy some things in the supermarket. 他列了一个清单来提醒自己要在超市买些东西。 【即时练习】1) These pictures remind me ____A____ the old days. A. of B. to C. for D. with 2) The saying “Time waits for no man” reminds us ____A____ action right now. A. to take B. take C. taking D. to taking 6. Xuanxuan is under great pressure now because she doesn’t want to disappoint herself and her parents. 萱萱现在压力很大，因为她不想让自己和父母失望。 (教材P7 Activity 2） 1） under pressure 意为“承受着（急于完成某事的）压力”，其中 pressure 前可加形容词修饰，表示“承受……的压力”。 E.g. I’m under great pressure at work these days. 最近我工作压力很大。 拓展：pressure 作名词时的相关短语 put pressure on sb. 向某人施加压力 be/come under pressure from sb. (to do sth.) 收到来自某人的压力（做某事） give in to pressure 屈从于压力 relieve/reduce pressure (on sb./sth.) 减轻（某人/某物的）压力 get out of pressure 摆脱压力 high blood pressure 高血压 E.g. Our school is putting pressure on us to pay more attention to reading books. 我们学校给我们施加压力让我们更关注阅读。 I am under pressure from my parents to be a lawyer. 我父母一直逼我当一名律师。 We should never give in to pressure. 我们应该永远不向压力低头。 Talking to others can help us reduce pressure. 与他人交流能帮助我们减轻压力。 Eating too much salt and fat for a long time can cause high blood pressure. 长时间摄入过多的盐和脂肪会导致高血压。 2）disappoint，动词，意为“使失望；使破灭；使落空”。 E.g. I don’t want to disappoint my parents, so I study hard. 我不想让我的父母失望，所以我努力学习。 辨析：disappoint，disappointed，disappointing和 disappointment 单词 词性 意思 用法 disappoint 动词 使失望； 使破灭； 使落空 常作谓语， 后跟人称代词宾格或名词。 disappoint sb. 使某人失望 disappoint sb’s hopes/expectations /plans 让某人的希望 / 期望 / 计划破灭（落空） disappointed 形容词 失望的； 沮丧的； 失意的 修饰人， 常作表语。 be disappointed at/ with/ about sth.对……感到失望 be disappointed to do sth. 失望地做某事 be disappointed in sb. 对某人感到失望 作定语修饰人。 disappointed visitors 失望的游客 disappointing 形容词 令人失望的； 令人沮丧的； 令人扫兴的 修饰物，既可 作定语也可作 表语。 be disappointing to do sth. 做某事令人失望 disappointment 名词 失望；扫兴； 沮丧 to one’s disappointment 让某人失望的是 E.g. His absence disappointed our plan to travel. （动词作谓语） 他的缺席使我们的出行计划破灭了。 My parents were disappointed at my grades in this exam.（形容词作表语） 我父母对我这次的考试成绩感到失望。 He was disappointed to see the result. 看到这个结果他非常失望。 I am very disappointed in you. 我对你感到十分失望。 The disappointed visitors left quickly. （形容词作定语） 失望的游客们迅速离开了。 The new movie is very disappointing. （形容词作表语） 这部新电影令人非常失望。 This is a disappointing new movie.（形容词作定语） 这是一部令人失望的新电影。 To our disappointment, the bookstore was closed, and we couldn’t buy the book we wanted.（作名词） 让我们失望的是，这家书店关门了，我们买不到我们想要的书了。 【即时练习】1）We students hardly know why our parents give us ___C____. A. such much pressure B. so many pressures C. so much pressure D. such many pressures 2）—Why does Jack look so ____B____? —Because he heard some ________ news. A. disappointed; disappointed B. disappointed; disappointing C. disappointing; disappointing D. disappointing; disappointed 7. She searches online to find ways to get out of pressure. Here is some advice. 她在网上搜索寻找摆脱压力的方法。这里有一些建议。 (教材P7 Activity 2） get out of意为“摆脱；离开（某地）；逃脱”。 E.g. He wanted to get out of the duty to clean the classroom. 他想逃避打扫教室的责任。 拓展：get out of 的其他用法及意思 get out of doing sth. 放弃做某事/逃避做某事 get out of sth. 放弃，戒除，抛弃（习惯） get sth. out of sb./sth. 从.....中获得（有益的东西） E.g. I want to get out of farming. 我想放弃务农了。 It’s our duty to clean the classroom. You can’t get out of tidying it. 打扫教室是我们的责任，你不能逃避。 I hope my father can get out of the habit of smoking. 我希望我爸爸能戒除吸烟的习惯。 We can get a lot out of reading. 我们能从阅读中受益良多。 【即时练习】She ____B____ some problems. Let’s help her ________ them. A. got on; get out of B. got into; get out of C. got into; run out of 【详解】句意：她遇到了一些问题。让我们帮助她摆脱它们。 考查动词短语辨析。got on上车；got into陷入；get out of千摆脱；run out of用完。根据“some problems”可知，此处指遇到一些问题，第一空应用got into;根据“help her...them”可知，此处指帮助她摆脱问题，第二空应用get out of。故选B。 8. Imagine your success in the exams. 想象一下你考试成功的样子。 (教材P7 Activity 2） imagine，动词，意为“想象”。 E.g. I can’t imagine the life without mobile phones. 我不能想象没有手机的生活。 拓展：① 常用结构 imagine + (that)从句 imagine doing sth. 想象做某事 imagine sb. doing sth. 想象某人做某事 E.g. Imagine that you are watching the earth in space. 想象你正在太空中俯瞰地球。 Just imagine flying the plane in the sky! 想象一下驾驶飞机在空中飞行！ I can imagine her saying so. 我完全想象得到她会那么说。 注意：imagine 在句中作谓语且引导 that 从句时，从句是否定句时应该进行否定前移，即在主句上否定（形式上在主句上进行否定，语义上对从句进行否定）。类似用法的单词还有 think、suppose、believe 等。 E.g. I don’t imagine that he will come for the party. 我认为他不会来参加聚会。 ② imagine 的相关单词 imagination 名词，意为“想象力；想象” imaginative 形容词，意为“富于想象力的；创新的” imaginatively 副词，意为“富于想象力地；创新地；别出心裁地” unimaginable 形容词，意为“难以置信的；不可想象的” 【即时练习】Nowadays, young people can’t imagine ___D___ in the modern society with no phones or Internet. A. live B. lives C. to live D. living Theme Reading 1. At 15, Confucius got down to studying. 15 岁时，孔子开始专心学习。 (教材P8 Activity 2） get down to doing sth./to sth. 意为“开始做某事；开始认真注意（或对待）某事”。 E.g. We should get down to reviewing our lessons. 我们应该开始认真复习功课。 Let’s get down to our work today. 让我们开始今天的工作吧。 注意：get down to 中的 to 为介词，后接动词 -ing 形式。 归纳：类似用法的短语 stick to doing sth. 坚持做某事 pay attention to doing sth. 注意做某事 make a contribution to doing sth. 为做某事做贡献 look forward to doing sth. 盼望做某事 拓展：get down 的其他用法及意思 get sb. down 使某人忧郁，使某人厌烦 get sth. down 写下，记下（尤指某人说的话） get sth. down (sb.) （使某人）吃下/喝下某物 get down （吃完饭）下桌 （英式儿语） E.g. The failure of his business got him down. 生意的失败使他有些消沉。 You’d better listen to your teacher carefully in class and get down some of her key words. 你最好在课堂上认真听老师讲话并记下她说的一些关键词。 —Get that tea down you. 你把那杯茶喝了。 —OK. 好的。 Can I get down, Dad? 爸爸，我能下桌了吗？ 【即时练习】After the short break, the team leader said, “Everyone, it’s time to ____get____ (get) down to ___preparing__ (prepare) the final report.” 2. When he was learning Shao music in the State of Qi, he was lost in the music and hardly noticed the taste of meat for a few months. 他在齐国学《韶》乐时，沉浸其中，几乎几个月都尝不出肉的味道。 (教材P8 Activity 2） 1）state，名词，意为“国家；州”。 the State of Qi 意为“齐国”。 E.g. Some states of America are near the ocean. 美国的一些州临近海洋。 拓展：① state 作名词时还可意为“状态；状况；情况”。 E.g. She was in a bad state yesterday. 她昨天状态很差。 The country is in a state of war. 这个国家正处于战争状态。 ② state 还可作动词，意为“陈述；说明；声明”，statement 为其名词形式，意为“说明；说法；表白；表态”。 E.g. He has clearly stated the reasons in his report. 他已经在报告中清晰地陈述了原因。 —Which of the statements is right? 哪一种说法是正确的？ —I don’t know. 我不知道。 2）be lost in sth. 意为“沉迷于某事；沉浸于某事；全神贯注”，可与 lose oneself in sth. 互换。 E.g. Li Ming is often lost in reading books. = Li Ming often loses himself in reading books. 李明经常沉浸在阅读中。 【即时练习】James has lost ____D____ in computer games and I’m worried about him. A. he B. his C. her D. himself 3. Zilu was too confident about himself. 子路对自己太自信了。 (教材P8 Activity 2） be confident about 意为“对……有信心”，后可跟名词或反身代词。 be confident about的同义短语为：feel confident about 或 have confidence in E.g. It’s important for young students to be confident about themselves. 对于年轻的学生来说，对自己充满信心是非常重要的。 I don’t have confidence in myself at school. 我在学校时不自信。 【即时练习】—Jim, I am afraid to lose tomorrow’s game. —You have practiced a lot. Now just take it easy and ___C___ yourself. A. be full of B. be strict with C. be confident about 4. In his late years, even when Confucius became a master, he never stopped learning from others. 在晚年，即使已经成为了大师，孔子也从未停止向他人学习。 (教材P8 Activity 2） in one’s late years 意为“在某人的晚年”， 也可表述为 in one’s later years 或 during the last/later years of one’s life。 E.g. He went to live with his son in his late years. 他在晚年时搬去和他儿子一起生活了。 链接：in one’s late fifties 意为“在某人接近六十岁的时候”，常指 56—59 这个年龄段。 E.g. In his late fifties, he traveled around China with his wife. 在快六十岁的时候，他和妻子一起环游中国。 【即时练习】1）In his ___D___ years, the famous scientist still conducted experiments every day. A. late B. later C. last D. all of the above 2）在快五十岁的时候，她开始学习绘画。 In her late forties, she began to learn painting. 5. You may need to draw on his wisdom from time to time. 你可能需要不时地借鉴他的智慧。 (教材P8 Activity 2） 1）draw on 意为“（为某种目的）动用，利用（信息、经验、知识等）”，可与 draw upon 互换。 E.g. —Only by drawing on our hard work, can we gain more. 只有凭借勤奋，我们才能收获更多。 —You’re right. 你说得对。 拓展：draw on还可意为“（时光）渐渐过去，荏苒”。 E.g. The happy time drew on, and we have grown up already. 快乐时光一去不复返，我们已经长大了。 2）from time to time 意为“偶尔；有时”，可与 at times 或 sometimes 互换。 E.g. She comes back to see the old house from time to time after moving. = She comes back to see the old house at times after moving. = She sometimes comes back to see the old house after moving. 搬走后她不时地回来看看旧房子。 【即时练习】 1）We are busy, but we go skiing in winter ____D____. A. on time B. any time C. in time D. from time to time 2）The writer often ___B___ his childhood memories when creating stories, which makes his characters feel real and vivid. A. draws in B. draws on C. draws up D. draws back 答案与解析：正确答案：B 解析：B. draws on 意为“利用，动用（经验、记忆等）”，符合句意“这位作家在创作故事时，经常利用他的童年记忆，这使得他的人物感觉真实而生动。” A. draws in 通常指“（白昼）渐短；吸入；引诱参与”。 C. draws up 意为“起草（文件）；使（车辆）停下”。 D. draws back 意为“退缩，后退”。 6. always telling the truth 一直说实话 (教材P9 Activity 3） truth，名词，意为“真相；实情；事实；真理”。 tell the truth 意为“说实话”，可构成固定搭配 to tell the truth，意为“（承认某事）说实话，老实说”。 E.g. Our teacher often asks us to tell the truth. 我们老师经常要求我们要讲实话。 To tell the truth, the food in this restaurant is awful. 老实说，这家餐馆的饭菜糟透了。 拓展：truth 的相关单词 truthful 形容词，意为“诚实的，一向说实话的”，与honest同义。 truthfully 副词，意为“诚实地；如实地”。 untruthful 形容词，意为“说谎的；不说实话的”。 E.g. He is a truthful boy. 他是个诚实的孩子。 I hope you can answer my question truthfully. 我希望你能如实回答我的问题。 The child is untruthful. He likes telling lies. 这个孩子不诚实，他喜欢撒谎。 【即时练习】说实话，我不同意你的意见。 To tell the truth, I don’t agree with you. 7. Set up a private school and taught students there 创办私学，教授弟子 (教材P9 Activity 4） set up 意为“创立，成立，建立”。 E.g. They want to set up their own importexport business. 他们想要成立自己的进出口公司。 Our school set up a new lab last year. 我们学校去年建立了一个新实验室。 拓展：set up 的其他用法及意思 set up shop/in business 开店/开始做生意 set sth. up = set up sth. 安排某事/安装；架设；调试/（尤指临时）建起，竖起 E.g. Mr. Wang plans to set up shop elsewhere in America. 王先生计划在美国其他地方开分店。 Miss Yang is setting up the interview on tomorrow morning. 杨女士正在安排明天上午的面试。 The workers are setting up the equipment for the concert. 工人们正在安装音乐会所需的各种设备。 My father set up the tent and my mother took out all the food from the car. 我爸爸搭起帐篷，我妈妈从车上拿出所有的食物。 【即时练习】他们花了三个小时搭建帐篷。 It took them three hours to set up the tent. Grammar in Use 1. In the digital age, computers and smart phones are important parts of people’s life. 在数字时代，电脑和智能手机是人们生活的重要组成部分。(教材P10 Activity 1） digital，形容词，意为“数字的；数码的”。 in the digital age 意为“在数字时代”。 E.g. Everything is changing rapidly in the digital age. 在数字时代，一切都在快速变化。 归纳：digital 的相关短语 digital TV 数字电视 a digital signal 数字信号 a digital camera 数码相机 digital media 数字媒体 a digital wallet 数字钱包 a digital watch 电子手表 【即时练习】在数字时代，我们几乎不用手写东西。 In the digital age, we almost never write things by hand. 2. Suppose you move to a foreign country but don’t speak the language. 假设你移居国外但不会说该国语言。 (教材P10 Activity 3） 1）suppose，动词，意为“假定；假设；推断”。 E.g. Let’s suppose someone falls into the river. What will you do? 假设有人落水了，你将怎么做？ 拓展：suppose 的其他意思及用法 suppose （根据所知）认为，推断，料想/（婉转表达）我看，要我说，要不 be supposed to do/be sth. （按规定、习惯、安排等）应该，应，该，须 E.g. I suppose that it’ll be cooler later in this week. 我觉得这周后面几天天气要凉快点。 You can go in my car, I suppose. 要不你坐我的车吧。 —Everyone is supposed to save water. 每个人都应当节约用水。 —You’re right. 你说得对。 注意：当 suppose 在句中作谓语且后跟 that引导的从句时，从句是否定句时应该进行否定前移，即在形式上对主句进行否定。 E.g. I don’t suppose you can finish your work in three hours. ( √ ) 我觉得你不可能在3小时内完成工作。 I suppose you can’t finish your work in three hours. (×) 2）foreign，形容词，意为“外国的；涉外的”。 拓展：foreigner 为其名词形式，意为“外国人”。 E.g. It’s not easy to learn a foreign language, but it may be more difficult for foreigners to learn Chinese. 学习一门外语不容易，但对外国人来说学习汉语可能更难。 【即时练习】1) To catch the train, Tom ____A____ arrive at the station before six o’clock. A. is supposed to B. supposes to C. will suppose to 2）Wow, one of the ____A____ can speak three ________ languages. A. foreigners; foreign B. foreigners; foreigner C. foreigner; foreign D. foreign; foreigner 3. Instead, you learn it to satisfy your personal needs. 相反，你学习它是为了满足你的个人需求。 (教材P10 Activity 3） 1）satisfy，动词，意为“使满足；使满意”。 E.g. What I did satisfied my parents. 我做的事让我父母很满意。 辨析：satisfy，satisfied，satisfying 和 satisfaction 单词 词性 意思 用法 satisfy 动词 使满意；使满足 在句中作谓语 satisfy sb. 使某人满意 satisfied 形容词 满意的，满足的 修饰人， 反义词为：dissatisfied。 be satisfied with sb./sth. = be pleased with sb./sth. 对某人/某物感到满意 satisfying 形容词 令人满意的，令人高兴的 修饰事物，既可作定语又可作表语，反义词为：unsatisfying。 satisfaction 名词 满足；满意；称心 常用作不可数名词， 反义词为：dissatisfaction。 a feeling/sense of satisfaction满足感 to one’s satisfaction 让某人满意的是 E.g. — This plan will not satisfy everyone. （动词作谓语）这个计划不会让所有人都满意。 —Yes. 是的。 Wang Lin’s family are satisfied with their new home.（形容词作表语） 王林全家都对他们的新家很满意。 We had a satisfying meal on the last day of the trip.（形容词作定语） 旅行的最后一天我们吃了一顿令人满意的饭。 Being praised by so many people brought him a deep sense of satisfaction.（不可数名词） 被如此多的人表扬给他带来了深深的满足感。 2）personal，形容词，意为“个人的；私人的”，通常用于名词前作定语。 E.g. We must protect our personal detailswhen we surf the internet. 上网时我们要保护好我们的个人信息。 【即时练习】1) Not only the students but also the teacher ____B____ their progress in the last exam. A. was pleased to B. was satisfied with C. were popular to 2) —After months of hard work, I finally finished my science project, and the result was quite ________. —Wow! You must feel really ____A____ now! A. satisfying, satisfied B. satisfied, satisfying C. satisfying, satisfying D. satisfied, satisfied 3）培养爱好对个人发展很重要。 Developing hobbies is very important for personal development. 4. You should be able to understand others and make yourself understood. 你应该能够理解别人，也让能别人理解你。 (教材P10 Activity 3） 讲 1）able，形容词，意为“能；能够”。be able to do sth. 意为“有能力做某事”。 E.g. He was able to speak English when he was four. 他 4 岁时就会说英语了。 拓展：able 的相关单词及用法 单词 词性 意思 用法 ability 名词 能力 反义词为：inability,意为“无能；无力；不能” the ability to do sth. 做某事的能力 have/show the ability to do sth. 有/展示出做某事的能力 disability 可数名词 （某种）缺陷，障碍 with a disabilty 有.....障碍/缺陷 disabled 形容词 丧失能力的；有残疾的；无能力的 the disabled 意为“残疾人；伤残者”，表示复数含义。 unable 形容词 未能；无法 be unable to do sth. 未能做某事；不能做某事 E.g. He has the ability to communicate with others well. 他具备良好的沟通能力。 This boy has learning disabilities. 这个男孩有学习障碍。 We helped look after the disabled children in children’s home yesterday. 昨天我们去了儿童之家帮忙照顾残疾儿童。 The disabled must be looked after well. 残疾人应当被好好照顾。 They were unable to find their pet dog. 他们未能找到他们的宠物狗。 2）others，代词，泛指其他的人或物，常与 some 连用，构成 some...others... 结构，意为“一些……另一些……”。 E.g. Some students like playing basketball while others like playing football. 一些同学喜欢打篮球，另一些同学则喜欢踢足球。 3）make oneself understood 意为“让人理解自己”，make 后跟动词过去分词作宾语补足语。 E.g. I spoke English slowly to make myself understood by my foreign friends. 我英语讲得很慢以便我的外国朋友能听懂我说的话。 归纳：类似短语： make oneself heard 让人听到自己 make oneself seen 让人看到自己 make oneself known 让人知道自己 E,g, She raised her voice to make herself heard in the noisy classroom. 她提高嗓音以便大家在吵闹的教室里能听见她的声音。 The girl stood on a table to make herself seen by her mother. 这个女孩儿站在桌子上以便能被她妈妈看见。 The new classmate introduced himself to make himself known in the new class. 这位新同学进行了自我介绍以便大家能认识他。 【即时练习】1) You will ____C____ pass the exam next year. A. can B. can able to C. be able to 2) In the library, some students are reading quietly, and ____C____ are taking notes. A. another B. other C. others D. the other 3) When you speak, you should make others ____B____ you and make yourself ________. A. hear; understand B. hear; understood C. heard; understood 5. Except for a natural language use environment, what else is similar in your learning activities? 除了自然的语言使用环境，你们的学习活动还有什么相似之处？ (教材P10 Activity 3） 1）except，介词，意为“除……之外”， 用于所言不包括的人或事物前。 如果用在句子开头，必须用 except for 接名词。 E.g. Everyone is here except/except for Tom. 除了汤姆之外所有人都来了。 Except for Sunday, the shop is open every day. 除了周日，这家店每天都开门。 拓展：except 的其他用法及意思 except except (that) 除了 只是；但是 要不是由于（用于说明某事没做成或没发生的原因） except when 意为“除非当.....时候”，when不可省略。 except to do sth. 意为“除了做某事”。 E.g. Linda could think of nothing to say except that she was so sorry. 除了表示很抱歉之外，琳达想不出有什么话好说。 I’m as old as you, except that you’re taller than me. 我们一样大，只是你比我高一些。 He wouldn’t drink water except when he was too thirsty. 除非非常渴，否则他是不会喝水的。 He didn’t talk about anything, except to say his head hurt. 他只是说头疼，别的没提。 辨析：except，besides 和 but 单词 词性 意思 用法 except 介词；连词；动词 除.....之外 指从整体中排除掉except后的部分，常与all、everybody、everything等词连用。 besides 介词；副词 除.....之外（还） 指在原来的基础上加上besides后的部分。 but 介词；连词；副词；名词 除.....以外 but后是仅有或仅存的内容，尤用于nothing、no、all、any、anyone、everything、everyone等词后。 当but前有实义动词do时，but后的不定式需省去to。 have no choice but to do 除了做某事外别无选择 E.g. He likes all the subjects except math. 除了数学外他喜欢所有的学科。（不喜欢数学） Besides math, Mingming doesn’t like Chinese, either. 除了数学外，明明也不喜欢语文。 He took everything away from the room but a bed. 他把房间里所有东西都搬走了，只留下一张床。 He did nothing but see a film last night. 昨晚除了看了场电影他啥也没干。 I had no choice but to accept the task. 除了接受这项任务外我别无选择。 2）be similar in sth. 意为“在某方面相似”。 E.g. The two girls are similar in personality. 这两个女孩儿性格十分相似。 辨析：be similar to 和 be similar in 短语 意思 用法 be similar to 与.....相似 表示某人或某物与另一个人或另一个事物似相似，强调整体或本质相似。 be similar in 在某方面相似 表示人或物在大小、相似外貌、形状、性格等方面相似。 E.g. English learning is similar to Chinese learning. 英语的学习和汉语的学习很相似。 The two trees are similar in shape and height. 这两棵树在高度和外形上都很相似。 【及时练习】1) The following words all have the same suffix (后缀) EXCEPT ____C____. A. feel B. mean C. sick D. meet 【详解】句意：下列单词都有相同的后缀，除了“sick”。 考查派生词。 feel感觉；mean意思是；sick生病的；meet遇见。 feel感觉，是动词，后缀形式如“feeling”；mean意思是，是动词，后缀形式如“meaning”；meet遇见，是动词，后缀形式如“meeting”；sick生病的，是形容词，不能接“-ing”形成派生词。根据对比可知，其他三个单词的后缀都是-ing。故选C。 2) Everyone attended the meeting ____B____ the manager, who was stuck in traffic and couldn’t arrive on time. A. beside B. except C. except for D. except that 【详解】句意：所有人都参加了会议，除了经理之外，他被困在交通堵塞中，没能按时到达。 考查介词辨析。beside在……旁边；except除了……之外，指同类事物；except for除……之外，对细节的修正；except that除了……之外，后接完整句子。根据“Everyone attended the meeting...the manager”可知，经理没有来，且与everyone属于同类别。故选B。 3) —Is that your hat, Nancy? —No. It is similar ____A____ mine. But my hat is new. A. to B. from C. with 6. And how can you make up for the loss of the language use environment? 你如何能够弥补语言使用环境的缺失？(教材P10 Activity 3） make up for 意为“弥补（不良情况）；补偿（失去之物）”。 E.g. He was not clever enough, but he made up for it with hard work. 他不够聪明，但他用勤奋来弥补。 拓展：make up 的其他用法及意思 make up sth. 构成 be made up of sth. 由.....组成/构成 make sth. up 编造，假装/创作，编写（故事、歌曲、游戏等） make sb. up 给某人化妆 make up with sb. （非正式）与某人和解，可与make peace with sb. 互换 make sth. up 补上，补回（时间或工作） E.g. Women and children made up the group. 妇女和儿童构成了这个小组。 The basketball team is made up of different players from all over the world. 这支篮球队是由来自世界各地的球员组成的。 The story is not true; he made it up. 这个故事不是真的，是他编造出来的。 The band made up a new song. 这个乐队创作出了一首新歌。 They are making the actress up before performing. 表演前他们正在为这位女演员化妆。 I made up with my best friend yesterday. 我昨天和我最好的朋友和解了。 I need to make up the work I left yesterday. 我需要把昨天遗留下来的工作补上。 【即时练习】我的同班同学在我生病时帮我补习了落下的功课。 My classmate helped me make up for the missed lessons when I was ill. 7. Please tell me as soon as you finish your homework. 作业一完成就请立刻告诉我。(教材P11 Activity 1） as soon as 意为“一……就……”，引导时间状语从句，表示主句动作紧接从句动作发生，两个动作间几乎没有间隔。 时态 当从句部分用一般现在时态时，主句应该用将来时态或一般现在时。 当从句部分用一般过去时，主句应该用一般过去时或过去完成时。 一般真理用一般现在时。 E.g. I will call you as soon as I get to Beijing. （主将从现） 一到北京我就会给你打电话。 He rushed as soon as the race began. （两个动作都已发生，主从句皆为过去时） 比赛一开始他就冲出去了。 【即时练习】We ___A___ to the countryside to pick fruits as soon as the harvest season begins. A. will go B. have gone C. go D. went Developing the Topic Oral Communication & Reading for Writing 1. While mind maps help Kangkang understand the text better, reading the lines and acting out the plays help him a lot with his Chinese. 虽然思维导图帮助康康更好地理解课文，但朗读台词和表演戏剧对他的语文学习也有很大帮助。(教材P12 Activity 1 B） act out sth.意为“将……表演出来；履行（仪式）”，也可表述为 act sth. out。 E.g. The three girls acted out a short play in the party. 这 3 个女孩儿在聚会上表演了一个短剧。 注意：act out 是“动词 + 副词”结构的短语，其用法如下： act out + 名词 = act + 名词 + out act + 代词 + out E.g. Please practice the dialog for five minutes and then act it out. 练习对话 5 分钟然后把它表演出来。 【即时练习】The woman is a wonderful actress (女演员) because she ____acts____ (act) out many films. 2. use your body, or sense of touch 利用你的身体，或是触觉 (教材P12 Activity 2） sense of touch 意为“触觉”。 E.g. In the game, they must say the names of the objects only by using sense of touch. 在这个游戏中，他们必须仅靠触觉来说出物体的名字。 归纳：“五感”的相关短语 sense of sight 视觉 sense of hearing 听觉 sense of smell 嗅觉 sense of taste 味觉 拓展：a sense/feeling of 意为“一种……的感觉”。 E.g. We all like him. He has a really good sense of humor. 我们都很喜欢他，他有着很强的幽默感。 A feeling of unease nagged at her. 一种不安的感觉一直困扰着她。 【即时练习】1) My father has a very good sense of ___B___. He never gets lost in a strange city even if it is dark. A. pronunciation B. direction C. expression D. tradition 2) 我们的班长有很强的责任感，她是我们的榜样。 Our monitor has a strong sense of responsibility. She is our role model. 3. At the end of last term, I could raise questions and offer my opinions. 上学期末，我可以提出问题并表达我的 观点了。(教材P13 Activity 1） raise questions 意为“提出问题”。 E.g. After reading the text, he raised some questions. 读完这篇文章后，他提出了几个问题。 归纳：raise 作动词时的其他相关短语 raise one's hand/head举手/抬头 raise money筹钱 raise one's voice提高嗓音 raise an army组建一支部队 raise children抚养孩子 raise cows/corn养牛/种植玉米 raise a laugh引起一阵笑声 raise the price of sth./raise prices涨价 【即时练习】If you have any questions, you can ____B___ your hand. A. rise B. raise C. arise D. to raise 4. At the start of this term, I joined a study group. 这学期初，我加入了一个学习小组。 (教材P13 Activity 1） at the start of 意为“在……的开端 / 开始”， 可与 at the beginning of 互换。 反义短语：at the end of 意为“在……的结尾 /末期 / 结束的时候”。 E.g. At the start of the movie, we enjoyed a beautiful song. = At the beginning of the movie, we enjoyed a beautiful song. 在电影开始的时候，我们欣赏了一首动听的歌曲。 At the end of the party, we sang an English song together. 在聚会结束的时候，我们一起唱了一首英文歌。 【即时练习】学校在每学期初为学生提供免费的教材。 The school provides students with free textbooks at the start of each term. 5. We shared our learning materials and had discussions on how to learn different subjects. 我们共享学习材料，并讨论各学科的学习方法。(教材P13 Activity 2） have discussions on sth. 意 为“ 就 …… 进行讨论”，短语中的介词 on 还可用 about/around 替换。 E.g. We need to have discussions on/about/around where to spend our weekend. 我们需要讨论一下周末去哪儿玩。 拓展：① have a discussion with sb. (about sb./sth.) 意为“和某人讨论（某人或某事）”。 E.g. I’ll have a discussion with my parents about my weekend plan. 我要和父母讨论一下我的周末计划。 ② discuss 是 discussion 的动词形式，意为“讨论；谈论；商量”。 常用短语：discuss sth. with sb. 与某人讨论某事 discuss doing sth. 讨论做某事 E.g. I want to discuss this problem with you after work. 下班后我想跟你讨论一下这个问题。 We are discussing buying a new house. 我们正在讨论买一所新房子。 【即时练习】1) The students are discussing ____B____ the school trip to the science museum. A. plan B. planning C. to plan D. planned 2) He had a ____discussion____ (discuss) with his parents about his study plan. Wrapping Up the Topic Project & Review 1. I’m always afraid of speaking in public. Every time, there’s nothing for me to say! 我总是害怕当众发言。每次一上台我就大脑一片空白！(教材P15 Activity 1） be afraid of sth./doing sth. 意为“害怕某事 / 做某事”。 E.g. She is afraid of snakes. 她害怕蛇。 She is afraid of going out alone at night. 她害怕晚上独自一人出门。 链接：be afraid to do sth. 意为“害怕做某事”。 E.g. Mingming is afraid to swim. 明明害怕游泳。 【即时练习】1) The little girl is afraid ____A____ alone at home, so she always asks her mother to stay with her. A. to stay B. staying C. stay D. stayed 2) The little girl is afraid ____A____ dogs. A. of B. to C. with D. for 2. Then, in your speech, explain your ideas in some detail. 那么，在你的演讲中，详细解释你的想法。(教材P15 Activity 1） explain 意为“解释；说明；阐释”。 E.g. The conductor is explaining the reason why the train was late carefully. 列车长正在详细解释列车晚点的原因。 拓展：explain 的其他用法 explain v. explain (that) 从句 explain sth. to sb. 向某人解释某事 explain oneself 为自己的行为作说明（或解释）把自己的意思解释清楚 explanation n. 意为“解释；理由”。explanation for sth./doing sth. 某事/做某事的理由/解释 E.g. I’d like an explanation for your mistake. 我要你对你的错误做出解释。 The boy gave a believable explanation for being late again. 这个男孩儿对于再次迟到给出了一个令人信服的理由。 She explained that there was something wrong with her cellphone. 她解释说她的手机出问题了。 My math teacher explained the difficult problem to me carefully after class. 课后数学老师仔细地给我解释了这道难题。 I really don’t understand why I need to explain myself to you. 我真的不明白我为什么需要向你解释我的行为。 Please explain yourself again. I can’t really catch you. 请把你的意思说得更清楚点，我没怎么听懂你的意思。 【即时练习】The teacher ____explained____ (explain) the wisdom behind the story to us just now. 3. Math is really difficult for me and math problems always give me a big headache. 数学对我来说真的很难，数学题总是让我头疼不已。(教材P15 Activity 1） give sb. a big headache 意为“让某人很头痛 / 为难”。此时 headache 在这里意为“使人头痛的事，棘手的事，难题”。 E.g. How to deal with the problem gave me a big headache. 我对于如何解决这个问题感到很棘手。 As we all know, safety is a big headache during the meeting. 正如我们所知，集会期间安全是件棘手的事。 链接：headache 作名词时还可意为“头痛”。 have a headache 意为“头痛”。 E.g. She often has headaches when she stays up late. 熬夜时她总是会头痛。 【即时练习】The final exam next week ___C___ all the students in our class. A. makes a big headache B. gives a big headache C. gives us a big headache D. makes us a big headache 4. I often discuss math problems with others and try different ways to solve them. 我经常和别人讨论数学题，并尝试不同的方法解决它们。(教材P15 Activity 1） discuss sth. with sb.意为“与某人讨论某事”，可与 have discussions/a discussion on sth. with sb. 互换。 E.g. I discussed the plan to travel with my parents last night. = I had discussions/a discussion on the plan to travel with my parents last night. 昨晚我和父母讨论了出游计划。 【即时练习】1) The students are discussing ____B____ the school trip to the science museum. A. plan B. planning C. to plan D. planned 2) The students are having a __discussion___ (discuss) about where to go for a picnic. 5. became blind and lost her hearing after a serious illness 在一次严重的疾病后双目失明并失去了听力 (教材P16 Activity 1） serious，形容词，意为“严重的；严肃的”。 E.g. The old man has a serious illness. 这位老人患了一种严重的疾病。 My father is a serious man. 我父亲是个严肃认真的人。 拓展：serious 的相关单词及用法 serious adj. → seriously adv. 严重地 → take sb./sth. seriously 认真对待某人/某事 be serious about sb./sth. 认真对待某人/某事 get/be serious doing sth. 认真做某事 a serious illness 一种严重的疾病 a serious problem 一个严重的问题 a serious accident 一起严重的交通事故 E.g. Is he seriously hurt? 他伤得很重吗？ We should take this exam seriously. 我们要认真对待这次考试。 She is very serious about her new job. 她对她的新工作非常认真。 I need to get serous talking with her about her work. 我需要认真地跟她谈谈她工作上的事。 A serious illness spread quickly among children. 一种严重的疾病在孩子中迅速传播。 【即时练习】He listened ____seriously____ (serious) when his friend talked about the problem. 6. This way, you are actually learning how to use the new words. 这样，你实际上是在学习如何运用新词汇。(教材P16 Activity 2） actually，副词，意为“事实上；实际上”，常指礼貌地纠正他人，在句中时常位于 be 动词之后，行为动词之前。 E.g. When you keep watching short videos, you’re actually wasting your time. —I’m afraid we arrived a little late. 恐怕我们到得有点晚。 —The train has left already, actually. 其实火车已经开走了。 拓展：actually 的其他意思及用法 actually （在口语中用于强调事实）的确，真实地，事实上/（表示事实与想法不一致而感到惊奇）居然，竟然/（礼貌地引起注意、转换话题、直言）确实，说实话 用法：可用于句首，此时可与in fact和as a matter of fact互换。也可用于句中或句末。 E.g. Actually/In fact/As a matter of fact, I didn’t have breakfast. 我的确没有吃早饭。 I can’t believe that the food here is actually nice. After all, it looks awful. 难以置信这里的食物竟然很好吃，毕竟看起来太糟糕了。 Actually, I’m working at the moment. I’ll call you later. 说实话，这会儿我正在工作。我晚点给你打电话。 【即时练习】Actually, we have a better idea on this environmental project. (保持句意不变) _In fact__ we have a better idea on this environmental project. 7. Develop a good habit of reviewing your study after each lesson. 养成每节课后及时复习的好习惯。(教材P16 Activity 2） lesson，名词，意为“课”。 E.g. We have two English lessons today. 今天我们有两节英语课。 Boys and girls, please turn to lesson 5. 同学们，请翻到第 5 课。 拓展：lesson 作名词时还可意为“经验；教训”。 E.g. This thing should be a lesson to you all. 你们所有人都应该从这件事中吸取教训。 常用短语：learn a lesson 吸取教训 teach sb. a lesson 给某人一个教训 have/take lessons/a lesson 上课 be a lesson to sb. 某人要吸取教训 give sb. lessons/give lessons to sb. 给某人授课 the lessons of sth. ......的教训 E.g. You must learn a lesson from the mistake. 你们一定要从错误中吸取教训。 We are having a music lesson now. 我们现在正在上音乐课。 Miss Li will give us a lesson this afternoon. 今天下午李老师将给我们上一节课。 The result of the football match taught us a lesson: we need to pay more attention to teamwork. 这场足球赛的结果给了我们一个深刻的教训：我们要多关注团队合作。 Let it be a lesson to you. I hope you can be more careful in the future. 你们要从这件事中吸取教训，我希望你们今后能更谨慎。 We should remember the lessons of history. 我们要牢记历史的教训。 【即时练习】我们应该为自己的错误承担责任，并从中吸取教训。 We should pay for our mistakes and learn lessons from them. 8. His poor family couldn’t afford to send him to school. 他家境贫寒，家里无力供他上学。(教材P17 Activity 4） afford，动词，意为“承担得起（后果）”，常与 can、could、be able to 连用，后跟不定式结构，构成短语 afford to do sth.，意为“承担得起做某事”，常用于否定句和疑问句。 E.g. I can’t afford to buy the house. 我买不起这套房子。 Our company can’t afford to lose more experienced workers. 我们公司再也不能失去更多有经验的员工了。 拓展：afford的相关短语 afford (to do) sth. 买得起 afford some time 抽得出时间 afford sth. 提供；给予 E.g. He couldn’t even afford a nice coat. 他甚至买不起一件像样的外套。 I couldn’t afford any more time to do the extra work. 我真的抽不出更多的时间去完成额外的工作。 The exam affords a fair chance to compete to all students. 这场考试为学生们提供了一个公平竞争的机会。 【即时练习】The price of this computer is so high that I can’t afford ____B____ it. A. buying B. to buy C. bought D. buy 9. He borrowed books from his friends and taught himself. 他向朋友借书自学。(教材P17 Activity 4） 1）borrow，动词，意为“借；借用”。 borrow...from... 意为“向……借……”。 E.g. Can I borrow your umbrella? 借你的伞用一下行吗？ I need to borrow some books from the library. 我需要从图书馆借一些书。 辨析：borrow 和 lend 单词 词性 意思 用法 borrow 动词 借；借用（借入） borrow sth. from sb./borrow from sb./sth. lend 借给；借出 lend sb. sth. / lend sth. to sb. E.g. My pencil is broken, so I borrowed one from my friend. 我的铅笔坏了，所以我向朋友借了一支。 She lent her car to me, but she said I must return it tomorrow. 她把车借给我了，但她说我明天必须归还。 2）teach oneself 意为“自学”，可与 learn by oneself 互换。 E.g. The boy taught himself to ride bikes. = The boy learned riding bikes by himself. 这个男孩自学骑自行车。 【即时练习】1) —Can I ________ your shoes? —Sorry, I’m wearing them. I can’t ____C____ them to you. A. lend; lend B. borrow; borrow C. borrow; lend D. lend; borrow 2) 我自学了怎样做好吃鱼。 I teach myself how to cook delicious fish. 10. He worked hard and made progress every day. After years of efforts, he passed the exam to enter college and worked as a teacher after he graduated. 他勤奋刻苦，每天都在进步。经过多年的努力，他考上了大学，毕业后成为了一名教师。(教材P17 Activity 4） 1）progress，不可数名词，意为“进步；进展”。 make progress 意 为“ 取 得 进 步”，progress前可加形容词进行修饰，如 slow/steady/rapid/good 等，意为“缓慢的 / 平稳的 / 快速的 /良好的进步或进展”。 E.g. He worked hard at English and made great progress. 他努力学英语并取得了巨大的进步。 拓展：progress 的其他相关短语 make progress in (doing) sth. 在（做）某事上进展顺利 in progress 在进行中 E.g. My sister made rapid progress in speaking English. 我妹妹在说英语方面取得了快速的进步。 The meeting is in progress and will be over in an hour. 会议正在进行中，将在 1 小时后结束。 2）effort，可数名词，意为“努力；试图” E.g. Although we were tired after the match, the results were worth the effort. 赛后尽管我们很累，但结果还是很值得的。 常用短语：make an efford (to do sth.) 尽力/尽量（做某事） make every effort to do sth. 尽一切努力做某事 be (well) worth the effort 做某事（很）值得 spare no effort to do sth. 全力以赴/不遗余力做某事 E.g. He made an effort to explain the reason for failing the exam. 他尽力解释考试失利的原因。 I made every effort to make up for the mistake I made. 我尽一切努力去弥补我犯的错。 Although it was tiring to climb Mount Taishan, it was well worth the effort. 尽管爬泰山很辛苦，不过再多的辛苦也是值得的。 To win the final football match, everyone in our team spared no effort to train hard. 为了赢得决赛，我们球队的每个球员都不遗余力地刻苦训练。 3）graduate，动词，意为“毕业”。其名词形式为graduation，是不可数名词，意为“（大 学或美国高中的）毕业”。 E.g. I’ll graduate this summer, and there will be a graduation ceremony then. 这个夏天我就要毕业了，到时候会举行毕业典礼。 拓展：graduate 的常见用法如下： graduate v. 毕业 graduate from + 学校 从.....学校毕业 graduate in + 学科 毕业于......专业 graduation n. 大学毕业生；学士学位获得者 a graduate of + 学校 .....毕业生 a history graduate 历史专业毕业生 E.g. My brother graduated in medicine from Beijing University last year. 我哥哥去年从北京大学医学系毕业。 Many graduates are busy looking for jobs when they graduate every summer. 每年毕业季的毕业生都忙着找工作。 【即时练习】1）With the help of my new friend Jeff, I’m sure I will ____B____ in my math. A. make faces B. make progress C. make a decision 2）我决定要好好练习，为下次的胜利做努力。 I decided to keep practicing hard and make efforts for the next victory. 3）After he ____graduated____ from high school, he joined the army. (graduation) 11. He realized his dream through hard work and with a strong will. 凭着不懈努力和坚强的意志，他实现了自己的梦想。(教材P17 Activity 4） 1）realize，动词，意为“实现；意识到”。 realize one’s dream 意为“实现某人的梦想”， 可与 achieve one’s dream 互换。 E.g. I must try my best to realize/achieve my dream. 我必须尽力实现我的梦想。 链接：make one’s dream come true 意为“某人的（愿望、梦想等）实现，成真”。 注意：come true one’s dream的表述是错误的。 E.g. I need to study hard to make my dream come true.（√） 我需要努力学习来实现我的梦想。 I need to study hard to come true my dream.（×） 2）will，名词，意为“意志，毅力，决心”。 a strong will 意为“坚强的意志”。 E.g. Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者事竟成。 The players have strong wills, they all finished the 10 thousand-meter race. 运动员们意志坚定，他们都完成了一万米长跑比赛。 【即时练习】1) 如果你坚持你的梦想，总有一天会实现它。（完成译句） You will realize your dream someday if you stick to it. 2) 我们应该有坚强的意志，从不轻易放弃。 We should have a strong will and never give up. 12. From my teacher’s story, I learn that hard work is the key to success. 从我老师的故事中，我学到了勤奋是成功的关键。(教材P17 Activity 4） the key to success 意为“成功的关键”。 E.g. The key to success is not being a dreamer, but to spare no effort to do something. 成功的关键不是做一个空想家，而是全力以赴地去做事情。 注意：the key to success 短语中的 to 不能用of 表示。 归纳：类似用法的短语 the answer to the question 问题的答案 the key to the door 门锁的钥匙 the way to sp. 到某地的路 the ticket to... .....的票/入场券 【即时练习】成功的关键取决于你的学习习惯。 (完成译句) The key to success depends on your learning habits. 13. Stick to your dream and you will succeed. 坚持你的梦想，你就会成功。(教材P17 Activity 4） stick，动词，意为“粘贴；卡住”，其过去式为 stuck。 stick to sth. 意为“坚持（做某事，不怕困难）；维持”。 E.g. Please stick the picture on the wall. 请把这幅画贴在墙上。 The horse got stuck in the mud. 这匹马陷入泥地里了。 Stick to your decision if you are sure of it. 如果你很明确就坚持自己的决定。 My father is an honest man. He always sticks to his word. 我父亲是个很诚实的人，他一向说到做到。 拓展：① stick 还可作名词，意为“柴枝，枝条；棍，签；条状物；棍状物”。 E.g. My grandparents live in the countryside, and they use sticks to make fires. 我祖父母生活在乡下，他们用柴枝生火。 He is too weak, so he walks with a stick. 他身体太虚弱了，所以走路要拄拐杖。 Cut some potato sticks to make potato chips. 切一些土豆条来制作薯条。 ② stick 作动词时的相关短语 stick to doing sth. 坚持做某事 stick sth. on/to/in sth. 把某物粘贴在某处 stick sth. in/into/through... 把某物插进.... stick in sb.’s mind （因不同寻常或有趣而）深深留在某人的脑海，令某人记忆犹新 E.g. He sticks to running for ten years, so he looks very healthy. 他坚持跑步十年了，所以他看起来非常健康。 Please help me stick the posters on the wall of the classroom. 请帮我把海报贴在教室的墙上。 Don’t stick chopsticks into the rice. 不要把筷子插进米饭里。 Although I graduated, the three-year middle school life still sticks in my mind. 尽管已经毕业，但是三年的初中生活场景仍然令我记忆犹新。 【即时练习】Tina will get good grades as long as she sticks to ____A____ hard. A. studying B. study C. studied D. studies 14. How did the writer’s teacher manage to pass the exam to enter college? 作者的老师是如何设法成功考上大学的？(教材P17 Activity 4） manage to do sth. 意为“设法做成某事”。同义短语是 ‌succeed in doing sth.‌ E.g. We managed to arrive at the train station in time. 我们设法及时地赶到了火车站。 【即时练习】The engineer managed to ___solve____ (solution) the complex problem in just one hour. 单元语法 后缀 -al 英语中，-al 是个极为常用的后缀，它主要有两种功能，一是把名词变为形容词，二是把动词变为名词。其变化规则和具体用法如下： 1）构成形容词 后缀 -al 添加到名词之后，能够赋予该词“与……相关”或者“具有…… 性质的”的含义。其变化规则如下： （1） 一般情况直接加 -al 名词 形容词 nation 国家 national 国家的；全国的 music 音乐 musical 音乐的 person 人 personal 个人的 E.g. She’s fighting for a place in the national team. 她正努力争取加入国家队。 She has a musical talent. 她有音乐天赋。 This is my personal information. 这是我的个人隐私。 （2）以 -e 结尾的名词，去 -e 加 -al 名词 形容词 globe 地球 global 全球的 culture 文化 cultural 文化的 nature 自然 natural 自然的 E.g. In a word, the internet has a global influence. 总之，互联网具有全球影响力。 We have many cultural festivals. 我们有很多文化性的节日。 Plants grow in natural conditions. 植物在自然环境中生长。 （3）以 -y 结尾的名词，变 -y 为 -i 再加 -cal 名词 形容词 history 历史 historical 历史的 ecology 生态 ecological 生态的 E.g. This is a historical event. 这是一起历史事件。 The ecological environment is becoming better. 生态环境正在好转。 （4） 特殊拼写（无固定规则，需记忆） 名词 形容词 center 中心 central 在中心的 society 社会 social 社交的；社会的 E.g. The park is in the central area. 公园在中心区域。 — Teamwork helps children a lot in social skills. 团队协作对孩子们的交际能力有很大帮助。 —You’re right. 你说得对。 2）构成名词 后缀 -al 加在动词后，构成名词，通常表示“行为、过程或结果”。 （1）直接加 -al 动词 名词 dismiss 解雇 dismissal 解雇；撤职；开除 E.g. Mr. Yang’s dismissal brought him a lot of problems. 被免职给杨先生的生活带来了很多问题。 （2）去 -e 加 -al 动词 名词 propose 提议；建议 proposal 建议；提议 survive 生存；存活；幸存 survival 生存；存活；幸存 arrive 到达 arrival 到达 refuse 拒绝 refusal 拒绝 E.g. The official’s proposal was supported by the people. 这位官员的提议得到了民众的支持。 They are fighting for survival. 他们正在为生存而拼搏。 We apologize for the late arrival of the train. 我们为火车误点表示歉意。 Her refusal surprised us. 她的拒绝让我们惊讶。 （3）变 -y 为 -i 再加 -al 动词 名词 deny 否认；否定 denial 否认；否定 bury 埋葬；安葬 burial 埋葬；葬礼 E.g. The thief is still in denial, though the police have found the proof that he stole the bike. 这位窃贼仍然拒不承认，尽管警方已经发现了他偷窃自行车的证据。 Many people went to the old man’s burial. 许多人参加了这位老人的葬礼。 时间状语从句 1） 概念： 时间状语从句是英语中常用的从句类型，由时间连词，如 when、while、before、after、until、as soon as 等引导，用于说明主句动作发生的时间背景，即主句动作与从句动作在时间上的先后、同时或伴随等关系。 其核心作用是明确两个（或多个）动作发生的时间逻辑，如“当……的时侯”“在……之前”“直到……才”等。时间状语从句的时态需遵循“主将从现（主句将来时，从句现在时）”等规则，且需注意主从句动词的“延 续性”与“非延续性”对连词选择的影响。 2）常用时间连词引导的从句用法 （1）when 引导的时间状语从句，意为“当……的时候”。 ① 从句动作与主句动作可同时发生，也可有先后顺序。从句谓语动词可接延续性动词（如 read、study）或非延续性动词（如come、stop）。 E.g. When I opened the door, I saw a cat.（动作先后） 我开门时，看到了一只猫。 She sings when she walks.（同时发生）她边走边唱。 ② 时态 主句 从句 用法 一般现在时 一般现在时 表示习惯性动作或客观事实。 现在进行时 强调动作正在进行。 一般将来时 一般现在时 时间状语从句中，用现在时代替将来时。 现在进行时 一般现在时 表示习惯性动作或客观事实。 现在进行时 强调主句和从句的动作同时进行。 过去时 一般过去时 表示过去同时发生的动作。 过去进行时 强调过去某一动作正在进行。 E.g. When he comes tomorrow, I will tell him the news. 明天他来时，我会告诉他这个消息。 My mother is cooking when I arrive home. 当我到家时妈妈正在做饭。 The students were talking happily when the teacher came into the classroom. 当老师走进教室的时候同学们正聊得开心。 注意：当主句用一般过去时，从句用过去进行时态时，强调前一个动作在后一动作过程中发生，此时 when 可与 while 互换。 E.g. The telephone rang when/while I was doing my homework. 当我正在写作业的时候电话铃响了。 （2）while 引导的时间状语从句 表示“在……期间；当……的时候”。其用法如下： 主句 从句 用法 延续性动词 延续性动词 强调主句与从句动作同时持续进行，主从句动词都必须是延续性动词。常搭配过去进行时（主从句均用进行时，突出“同时进行”） 短暂性动词 强调前一个动作在后一个动作过程中发生，此时可与 when 互换。 E.g. While my dad was washing the car, I was cleaning the room.（同时持续进行） 爸爸洗车时，我在打扫房间。 The dog barked while/when we were eating.（主句用一般过去时，从句过去进行时） 我们吃饭时，狗在叫。 You can see a film while/when we are shopping.（主句用一般现在时，从句过去进行时） 你可以在我们购物时去看电影。 注意：while 引导的从句的谓语动词必须是延续性动词，若遇非延续性动词，如 come、stop 等，需用 when 替换。 E.g. When the bell rang, we were having class. 铃响时，我们正在上课。 （3）as 引导的时间状语从句 ① 意为“当……时；随着”，表示“某事一发生，另一事随即发生”或“从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生”。 E.g. As the sun rose, the fog disappeared.（某事一发生，另一事随即发生） 太阳一出来，雾就消散了。 The students took notes as they listened. （动作同时发生）学生们边听课边做笔记。 ② 时态 主句 从句 用法 主从句动作同时发生 一般过去时 一般过去时 表示过去同时发生的动作。 一般现在时 表示现在习惯或客观事实。 主句将来时，从句现在时 一般将来时 一般现在时 时间状语从句中不用将来时。 强调动作的渐进性 主从句时态一致，常用一般现在时或一般过去时。 E.g. She smiled as she opened the gift. （主过从过） 她打开礼物时笑了。 As the temperature drops, water freezes. （主现从现） 温度下降时，水会结冰。 I will text you as I leave the office. （主将从现） 我离开办公室时会给你发消息。 As he grew older, he became wiser. （强调动作的渐进性） 随着年龄增长，他变得更睿智。 （4）before 引导的时间状语从句 ① 表示 “在……之前”，即从句动作发生在主句动作之后（先有主句，后有从句）。 ② 时态：一般现在时、一般过去时或“主将从现”（主句将来时，从句现在时）。 E.g. I always drink milk before I go to bed. （喝牛奶在睡觉前，一般现在时）我睡前总是喝牛奶。 He finished his homework before he went to bed.（完成作业在睡觉前，一般过去时） 他在睡前完成了作业。 He will finish the work before you come. （主将从现）在你到来前，他会完成工作。 （5）after 引导的时间状语从句 ① 表示“在……之后”，即从句动作发生在主句动作之前（先有从句，后有主句）。 ② 时态：过去时或“主将从现”。 例 e.g. After the rain stopped, we played football.（雨停在先，一般过去时） 雨停后，我们踢了足球。 She will go shopping after she finishes her homework. （主将从现） 做完作业后，她会去购物。 （6）until 引导的时间状语从句 ① 表示“直到……为止”。 ② 具体用法如下表： 句式结构 时态 用法 结构为“主句（肯定）+ until + 从句”，主句谓语动词通常是延续性动词，如 wait、stay、work 等。 “主将从现”或主从句均用过去时。 用于肯定句中，表示动作持续到 从句发生，意为“一直做……直 到……”。 结构为“not...until...”，意 为“ 直 到 …… 才 ……”， 主 句 谓 语 动词通常是短暂性动词，如 star、leave 等。 用于否定句中，表示动作直到从 句的动作发生时才开始。 E.g. We will stay here until the rain stops（. 主将从现） 我们会待在这里，直到雨停。 He waited until his mother came back. （肯定句，主句用延续性动词） 他一直等到妈妈回来。 I didn’t go to bed until I finished my homework.（否定句，主句用短暂性动词） 直到做完作业我才睡觉。 （7）as soon as 引导的时间状语从句 ① 意为“一……就……”，表示主句动作紧接着从句动作发生。 ② 时态 主句 从句 用法 一般现在时 一般现在时 表示习惯性动作或客观事实。 一般将来时 一般现在时 表示将来动作（时间状语从句中不用将来时）。 一般过去时 一般过去时 表示过去接连发生的动作。 过去进行时 强调过去某一动作正在进行。 特殊情况：主句为祈使句（动词原形） 时，从句用 一般现在时。 E.g. I will call you as soon as I get to Beijing. （主将从现） 一到北京我就会给你打电话。 He left as soon as the bell rang.（两个动作都已发生，时态保持一致） 铃声一响他就离开了。 Send me a message as soon as you get home. （主句是祈使句） 你一到家就给我发消息。 3）通用注意事项 （1）主将从现：主句为将来时、祈使句或含情态动词时，从句用现在时表将来。 E.g. Call me when he arrives. 当他到了给我打电话。 （2）动词性质：while 后接延续性动词，when 后可接任意动词；until 肯定句接延续性 动词，否定句接非延续性动词。 （3）逻辑顺序：before/after 需明确动作先后，避免颠倒。 E.g. After I eat breakfast, I go to school. 吃完早饭后，我去上学。 语法知识点小测： 一、单词拼写。 1．He can play some instruments. (music) 【答案】musical 【详解】句意：他会演奏一些乐器。music“音乐”，名词，此处需要用形容词修饰名词instruments“乐器”，music的形容词形式是musical。故填musical。 2．This is her (person) problem. Do you think so? 【答案】personal 【详解】句意：这是她的个人问题。你这么认为吗？修饰名词“problem”，需用person的形容词形式personal“个人的”，作定语。故填personal。 3．Could you please (explain) this difficult math problem to me? 【答案】explain 【详解】句意：你能给我解释一下这道数学难题吗？explain“解释”，是动词。Could you please do sth.?是固定句型，意为“请你做某事好吗”，因此填动词原形。故填explain。 4．After our (arrive) in Lanzhou, we went to Zhongshan Bridge. 【答案】arrival 【详解】句意：我们到达兰州后，去了中山桥。根据“our”可知，此处使用名词，arrive的名词为arrival“到达”，our arrival“我们的到达”。故填arrival。 5．With the help of apps and textbooks, these students teach French. (they) 【答案】themselves 【详解】句意：借助应用程序和教科书，这些学生自学法语。根据语境“these students teach... French”可知，学生是“教自己”，需用反身代词作“teach”的宾语。主语“these students”为复数，对应的反身代词是“themselves”。故填themselves。 6．We should take our studies __ to build a good future. (serious) 【答案】seriously 【详解】句意：我们应该认真对待我们的学业来构建美好的未来。serious“严肃的，认真的”，形容词；此处用于固定搭配take sth. seriously，意为“认真对待某事”，需要将形容词serious变为副词seriously来修饰动词take。故填seriously。 7．He had a (discuss) with his parents about his study plan. 【答案】discussion 【详解】句意：他和父母就他的学习计划进行了一次讨论。discuss“讨论”，动词；不定冠词a后接可数名词单数，discuss的名词形式是discussion。故填discussion。 8．—Do you often learn about disaster prevention? —Yes, I (attend) related lectures every quarter. 【答案】attend 【详解】句意：——你经常学习防灾知识吗？——是的，我每个季度都参加相关讲座。根据“Yes, I…related lectures every quarter.”可知，时间状语every quarter表示习惯性动作，句子用一般现在时，主语I是第一人称，动词用原形attend符合语境。故填attend。 9．She (graduate) from Peking University as well as her boyfriend with a first-class degree in physics. 【答案】graduated 【详解】句意：她和她的男朋友一样，从北京大学毕业，获得了一等物理学位。graduate“毕业”是动词。由“as well as her boyfriend”可知，句子描述过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时。故填graduated。 10．The woman is a wonderful actress (女演员) because she (act) out many films. 【答案】acts 【详解】句意：这位女士是一位出色的女演员，因为她出演了许多电影。根据“The woman is a wonderful actress”可知，句子时态用一般现在时，主语是she，动词用第三人称单数。故填acts。 二、完成句子。 1．在你查字典之前，先猜测单词的意思。 Before you a word in the dictionary, guess its meaning first. 【答案】look up 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“查（单词）”，用英文表达为look up；句子主语是you，且是before引导的时间状语从句，遵循“主将从现”（此处主句是祈使句，从句用一般现在时），所以此处用动词原形。故填look；up。 2．熊猫生活在中国的中部地区。 Pandas the central part of China. 【答案】live in 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺“生活在”，live in生活在……，固定搭配。故填live in。 3．这个5岁的男孩有如此好的方向感以至于他从来不迷路。 This 5-year-old boy has such a good sense of that he never gets lost. 【答案】direction 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“方向”。“方向”对应的英文单词是“direction”，“sense of direction”是固定搭配，意为“方向感”。故填direction。 4．我只有在练完钢琴后才能打篮球。 I can only play basketball after I the piano. 【答案】practise/practice 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“练”。“练”practise/practice，主句是一般现在时，after引导的时间状语从句也用一般现在时，从句主语是I，所以用动词原形。故填practise/practice。 5．My brother managed to make new friends at last night’s party. (保持句子意思不变) My brother making new friends at last night’s party. 【答案】 succeeded in 【详解】句意：我哥哥在昨晚的派对上成功交到了新朋友。 改为同义句，应用短语succeed in“成功做某事”，其后接动名词形式。原句时态为一般过去时，故填succeeded；in。   6．讨论结束后，我们继续下一个话题吧。 After the discussion, let’s the next topic. 【答案】 move on to 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“继续”的表达。“继续”的固定搭配是move on to；let’s后接动词原形，故填move；on；to。 7．询问关于怎样复习功课的建议怎么样？ How about asking for advice about how to the lesson? 【答案】 go over 【详解】对比所给中英文可知，设空处为“复习”，go over“复习议”，是固定搭配，空前的how to后跟动词原形。故填go over。 8．你可以通过写下关键词记笔记。 You can by writing down the key words. 【答案】 take notes 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，空处缺少了“记笔记”，英文表达为take notes。故填take notes。 9．凯若琳虽然没有教学天赋，但她靠努力弥补这个缺陷。 Caroline doesn’t have a gift for teaching, but she it with hard work. 【答案】makes up for 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，空处应填“弥补”。其英文表达为make up for，空处为谓语动词，根据前半句应用一般现在时，主语she为第三人称单数。故填makes up for。 10．The expert set up an organization to protect wild animals. (改为否定句) The expert up an organization to protect wild animals. 【答案】 didn’t set 【详解】句意：那位专家建立了一个组织来保护野生动物。set up建立，改为否定句需借助助动词do，根据“set”以及“The expert”可知本句是一般过去时态，故用助动词do的过去式did，与not可缩写为didn’t；助动词后的实义动词set用原形。故填didn’t；set。 11．沉浸在精彩的科幻故事里，我差点忘了妈妈交代的事。 I the wonderful science fiction story, and I almost forgot what my mother told me. 【答案】was lost in 【详解】对比中英文可知，空处缺少“沉浸在”，其英文表达为be lost in，固定搭配；由后半句可知，时态应用一般过去时。故填was lost in。 12．重要的是，你要学会如何与不同文化背景的人和睦相处。 It is important for you to learn how to get on well with people from different __________ _____________. 【答案】cultural backgrounds 【详解】根据中英文提示可知，空格处表示“文化背景”；其英文表达是“cultural background”，前面有different“不同的”，“背景”一词应用复数形式。故填cultural backgrounds。 三、单项选择（词汇辨析）。 ( ) 1．As soon as the passengers ________ off the plane, they called their families. A．got B．gets C．will get D．are getting 【答案】A 【详解】句意：乘客们一下飞机，他们就给家人打了电话。 考查动词的时态。根据“As soon as the passengers...off the plane, they called their families.”可知，主句called为过去时，as soon as引导的时间状语从句需用过去时态与之保持一致。故选A。 ( ) 2．The photos remind me ________ the happy days I spent in London. A．in B．on C．of 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这些照片让我想起了我在伦敦度过的快乐时光。 考查动词短语搭配。in在……里；on在……上；of……的。remind sb. of sth.“让某人想起某事”，题干结构为“remind me…the happy days”，指的是让我想起了快乐时光，介词应用“of”。故选C。 ( ) 3．My brother _________ come back _________ 12 o’clock last night. A．can’t; until B．doesn’t; until C．wasn’t; until D．didn’t; until 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我弟弟直到昨晚12点才回来。 考查not...until固定句型和一般过去时。can’t“不能”；doesn’t“不”，一般现在时；wasn’t“不是”；didn’t“没有”，一般过去时；until“直到”；根据“last night”可知，此处用一般过去时，排除AB两项；come back是实义动词，不能直接用be动词否定，因此用助动词didn’t，故选D。 ( ) 4．We ________ see any flowers ________ May or June. A．too; to B．won’t; until C．are; until D．not; until 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们要到五月或六月才能看到花。 考查not...until...的用法及动词时态。too...to... 太……而不能，其后需接动词原形；not...until...结构中，实义动词see的否定需借助助动词，C 选项are与实义动词see搭配错误，排除C选项；D选项not前缺少助动词，结构不完整，排除D选项；B选项won’t; until符合not...until...的用法，且语义通顺。故选B。 ( ) 5．We ________ you a message as soon as the result of your interview comes out. A．send B．have sent C．sent D．will send 【答案】D 【详解】句意：你的面试结果一出来，我们就会给你发消息。 考查时态。as soon as引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时表示将来，主句应用一般将来时（will do）。故选D。 ( ) 6．Susan ________ her homework at 8 p.m. yesterday, while her brother was reading. A．does B．did C．was doing D．has done 【答案】C 【详解】句意：Susan 昨天晚上八点正在做作业，而她的弟弟正在读书。 考查过去进行时。does做，一般现在时；did做，一般过去时；was doing正在做，过去进行时；has done已经做了，现在完成时。根据时间状语“at 8 p.m. yesterday”（具体过去时间点）和“while”引导的从句（表示同时发生的动作），强调在那一刻动作正在进行，需用过去进行时。故选C。 ( ) 7．Lily _________ TV when her father came home. A．watches B．has watched C．watched D．was watching 【答案】D 【详解】句意：当莉莉的父亲回家时，她正在看电视。 考查过去进行时。watches观看，一般现在时；has watched已经观看，现在完成时；watched观看了，一般过去时；was watching正在观看，过去进行时。根据“Lily...TV when her father came home.”可知，当莉莉的父亲回家时，她正在看电视，主句动作发生在过去某一时刻（父亲回家时）正在进行，需用过去进行时。故选D。 ( ) 8．The students ________ English songs when the teacher came into the classroom. A．sing B．sang C．are singing D．were singing 【答案】D 【详解】句意：当老师走进教室时，学生们正在唱英文歌。 考查时态辨析。根据从句“when the teacher came into the classroom”可知，主句应表示学生们正在进行的动作，需用过去进行时（was/were doing）。主语“The students”为复数，故用were singing。故选D。 ( ) 9．Everyone should stick to ________ more with their parents. A．communicate B．communicating C．communicated 【答案】B 【详解】句意：每个人都应该坚持和父母多交流。 考查非谓语动词。stick to doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“坚持做某事”，其中to是介词，后面需接动名词形式作宾语。所以此处应用communicating。故选B。 ( ) 10．I always work harder than my sister, so I make _______ progress than her. A．much B．more C．less D．little 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我总是比我姐姐更努力地工作，所以我取得比她更多的进步。 考查比较级。much许多；more更多；less较少；little少。根据“I always work harder than my sister, so I make。。。progress than her.”可知，此处表示比较，应该使用比较级，表示“更多的”进步，使用more“更多”。故选B。 ( ) 11．—Could I ________ your novel, Lily? —I’m sorry. I ________ it to Mary. A．borrow; borrowed B．lend; lent C．lend; borrowed D．borrow; lent 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——莉莉，我能借你的小说吗？——对不起。我把它借给玛丽了。 考查动词辨析。borrow借入；lend借出。根据“Could I ... your novel”可知，此处指借入小说，第一空应填borrow；根据“I’m sorry. I...it to Mary”可知，已经把小说借给玛丽了，是借出去，第二空应填lent，故选D。 ( ) 12．Judy does some part-time jobs after school in order that she can afford ________ more homeless animals. A．save B．to save C．saving 【答案】B 【详解】句意：Judy放学后做一些兼职工作，以便她能负担得起拯救更多的无家可归的动物。 考查动词afford的固定用法。save拯救，动词原形；to save拯救，动词不定式；saving拯救，动名词。afford后接不定式，表示“负担得起做某事”。故选B。 ( ) 13．The students are discussing ________ the school trip to the science museum. A．plan B．planning C．to plan D．planned 【答案】B 【详解】句意：学生们正在讨论去科学博物馆的学校旅行计划。 考查非谓语动词。discuss后接动词时，应用动名词形式，即discuss doing sth.，表示“讨论做某事”；因此，这里应用plan的动名词形式planning。故选B。 ( ) 14．The boy didn’t ________ his hand but ________ to answer his teacher’s question. A．rise, rose B．raise, rises C．raise, rose D．rise, raised 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这个男孩没有举手，而是站起来回答老师的问题。 考查动词辨析。rise上升，站起，动词原形；rose上升，站起，动词过去式；raise举起，提高，动词原形；rises上升，站起，动词第三人称单数形式；raised举起，提高，动词过去式。根据“The boy didn’t...his hand but...to answer his teacher’s question.”可知，第一空后接宾语“his hand”，需用及物动词raise；第二空表示“站起来”，用不及物动词rise，且时态为一般过去时，用rose。故选C。 ( ) 15．—Are you different _________ your friend, Mary? —No, we are similar _________ each other! We like to do the same things. A．to; from B．from; to C．to; to D．from; from 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你和你的朋友玛丽不同吗？——不，我们彼此相似！我们喜欢做同样的事情。 考查介词辨析。to到；from从。be different from表示“与……不同”，固定短语；be similar to表示“与……相似”，固定短语。故选B。 ( ) 16．With so much work to do, Mr. Lin ________ get away from the office before 7:00 p.m. A．was able to B．wasn’t able to C．won’t be able to 【答案】C 【详解】句意：有这么多工作要做，林先生不能在晚上7点前离开办公室。 考查时态辨析。题干中“with so much work to do”表示当前情况（现在有大量工作），而“before 7:00 p.m.”指未来时间点（晚上7点前离开是未来动作），因此主句需用将来时态表达无法完成该动作。选项C为将来时态，符合逻辑。故选C。 ( ) 17．Wow, one of the ________ can speak three ________ languages. A．foreigners; foreign B．foreigners; foreigner C．foreigner; foreign D．foreign; foreigner 【答案】A 【详解】句意：哇，其中一个外国人能说三种外语。 考查名词和形容词的用法辨析。foreigners外国人，名词复数；foreign外国的，形容词；foreigner外国人，名词单数。根据“one of the”后需接复数名词 (表示“其中之一”)，故第一个空填foreigners；“three ... languages”中需形容词修饰名词languages (表示语言类型)，故第二个空填foreign。故选A。 ( ) 18．The movie is ________. I am ________about it. A．disappointing; disappointed B．disappointed; disappointing C．disappointing; disappointing D．disappointed; disappointed 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这部电影是令人失望的。我对此感到失望。 考查形容词辨析。disappointing令人失望的，描述事物本身的性质，通常修饰物；disappointed感到失望的，描述人的感受，通常修饰人。根据“The movie is ... I am ...about it.”可知，第一个空主语“电影”是物，应用disappointing；第二个空主语“我”是人，应用disappointed。故选A。 ( ) 19．My mother often reminds me ________ enough water every day. A．to drink B．drinking C．drink D．drank 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我妈妈经常提醒我每天喝足够的水。 考查非谓语动词辨析。根据“My mother often reminds me...enough water every day.”可知，此处表示提醒我“喝水”，remind sb to do sth是固定搭配，意为“提醒某人做某事，因此使用”to drink。故选A。 ( ) 20．A dog is found ________ in the garden. It might ________ two days ago. A．die, die B．died, dead C．dead, die D．dead; dead 【答案】C 【详解】句意：花园里发现了一只死狗。它可能两天前就死了。 考查动词和形容词。die死，动词；dead死的，形容词。第一空考查“be found”后接形容词表示状态，描述被发现时的状况，故填“dead”，意为“被发现死亡”；第二空考查情态动词“might”后接动词原形，填“die”，故选C。 ( ) 21．—Who do you admire?    —She is a world-famous scientist and has a lot of friends ________. A． in and out of abroad B．at home and abroad C．at home and at abroad D．in home and out of abroad 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你钦佩谁？——她是一位世界知名的科学家，在国内外有很多朋友。 考查介词短语。at home and abroad是固定搭配，意为“国内外”，其他选项的表达均不符合英语习惯。故选B。 ( ) 22．I could ________ understand what he said because it’s ________ to follow a quick speaker. A．hardly; hard B．hard; hard C．hard; hardly D．hardly; hardly 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我几乎听不懂他说的话，因为要跟上说话快的人很困难。 考查副词与形容词辨析。hardly副词，几乎不；hard形容词或副词，困难的，努力地。第一空修饰动词understand，需用副词，表示“几乎不能理解”，应选hardly；第二空作表语，需用形容词，表示“困难的”，应选hard。故选A。 ( ) 23. He ________ finish the work ________ it was late. And he went to bed. A．doesn’t; when B．didn’t; before C．didn’t; until D．doesn’t; until 【答案】C 【详解】句意：他直到天很晚才完成工作。然后他去睡觉了。 考查时态和连词辨析。doesn’t不，一般现在时助动词否定式；when当……时候；didn’t不，一般过去时助动词否定式；before在……之前；until直到……为止。根据题干第二句“And he went to bed.”中的“went”可知，句子时态为一般过去时，因此前一句的谓语动词“finish”的否定形式需用一般过去时的助动词“didn’t”；根据句意可知， 此处构成“not...until...”表示“直到……才……”的固定句型。故选C。 ( ) 24．While he ________ the piano, his mother came back. A．plays B．played C．is playing D．was playing 【答案】D 【详解】句意：他正在弹钢琴时，他的妈妈回来了。 考查谓语动词时态。句子是while引导的时间状语从句，主句时态为一般过去时，从句时态需用过去进行时，结构为was+现在分词。故选D。 ( ) 25．I ________ Jenny about the good news as soon as she ________ back. A．will tell; will come B．will tell; comes C．tell; comes D．tell; will come 【答案】B 【详解】句意：她一回来，我就会告诉她这个好消息。 考查时态。第一空表示“告诉”这个动作将在将来发生，用一般将来时will tell；第二空是as soon as引导的时间状语从句，遵循主将从现原则，即主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时表示将来，因此用comes。故选B。 ( ) 26．—Is ________ here? —No, we are all here ________ Peter. A．anybody; except B．anybody; besides C．everybody; besides D．everybody; except 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——大家都在这里吗？——不，除了彼得我们都在。 考查不定代词和介词辨析。anybody任何人；everybody每个人；except除了；besides除……之外（还）。根据答语“No, we are all here...Peter.”可推知，问句询问每个人是否在场，所以第一空需用everybody；答语表示彼得不在，所以第二空需用except表示排除。故选D。 ( ) 27．—Do you have difficulty in ________ Italian? —Yes. But I try to make myself ________. A．speak; understand B．speaking; understood C．speaking; understand 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你说意大利语有困难吗？ ——是的。但我试着让别人理解我。 考查非谓语动词。第一空，由“have difficulty in…”可知，此处考查have difficulty in doing sth“做某事有困难”，用动名词作宾语，填speaking；第二空，myself与understand之间是动宾关系，用make sb. done结构，表示“使某人被……”，过去分词作宾语补足语，填understood。故选B。 ( ) 28．The look on his face suggested that the teacher was quite ________ with the ________ result. A．satisfied; satisfied B．satisfied; satisfying C．satisfying; satisfied D．satisfying; satisfying 【答案】B 【详解】句意：他脸上的表情表明老师对令人满意的结果相当满意。 考查形容词辨析。satisfied满意的，修饰人；satisfying令人满意的，修饰物。根据“the teacher was quite ... with the ... result.”可知，空一处修饰teacher，指人，用satisfied；空二处修饰result，指物，用satisfying。故选B。 ( ) 29．Can you imagine ________ down on an unexplored planet where it never rains? A．settle B．to settle C．settled D．settling 【答案】D 【详解】句意：你能想象在一个从不下雨的未被探索过的星球上定居下来吗？ 考查非谓语动词。settle定居，动词原形；to settle定居，动词不定式；settled定居，动词过去式；settling定居，现在分词。imagine doing sth.是固定搭配，意为“想象做某事”，imagine后接动名词作宾语。故选D。 ( ) 30．Her nervous smile _________ her true feelings when she said she wasn’t worried about the exam. A．gave up B．gave away C．gave in D．gave back 【答案】B 【详解】句意：当她说自己不担心考试时，她紧张的笑容泄露了她的真实感受。 考查动词短语辨析。gave up放弃；gave away泄露(秘密等)；gave in屈服；gave back归还。根据“Her nervous smile”可知此处指“她紧张的笑容泄露了她的真实感受”。故选B。 ( ) 31．The news was so ________ that everyone was extremely ________, without considering if it was confirmed. A． shocked; shocked B．shock; shocked C．shocking; shocked D．shock; shocking 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这个消息太令人震惊了，每个人都非常震惊，没有考虑它是否被证实了。 考查形容词用法。shocking令人震惊的，修饰物；shocked感到震惊的，修饰人；shock震惊，动词/名词。根据“The news was so”可知，第一空应用形容词shocking作表语，修饰物；根据“everyone was extremely”可知，第二空应用形容词shocked作表语，修饰人。故选C。 ( ) 32．—The boy can speak both English and Japanese ________ he is only ten. —Wow. He is ________ a clever boy _______ everyone loves him. A．although; such … that B．because; such … that C．although; so … that D．because; so … that 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——尽管这个男孩只有十岁，但他能说英语和日语。——哇，他是如此聪明的一个男孩，以至于每个人都喜欢他。 考查连词和结果状语从句。although尽管；because因为；such … that如此……以至于……，such修饰名词；so … that如此……以至于……，so修饰形容词或副词。根据“The boy can speak both English and Japanese … he is only ten.”可知，是指尽管只有十岁，但能说英语和日语，第一空用although引导让步状语从句；根据“a clever boy”可知，第二空修饰名词boy，用such … that引导结果状语从句。故选A。 ( ) 33．Peter doesn’t tell me when he ________. I’ll telephone you as soon as he ________. A． will come, comes B．will come, will come C．comes, will come D．comes, comes 【答案】A 【详解】句意：彼得没有告诉我他什么时候会来。他一到我就给你打电话。 考查时态。will come将会来，一般将来时；comes来，一般现在时第三人称单数。第一空，为when引导宾语从句，根据主句“doesn’t tell me”可知，“come”是将要发生的动作，应用一般将来时will come。第二空，为as soon as引导的时间状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，主句“I’ll telephone you”为一般将来时，从句应用一般现在时comes表将来。故选A。 ( ) 34．He reads ______ few books that he can’t tell stories to ______ little children. A．so; such B．such; such C．so; so D．such; so 【答案】A 【详解】句意：他读的书如此少，以至于他不能给这么小的孩子讲故事。 考查so和such的用法区别。在结果状语从句中，so用于修饰形容词或副词，such用于修饰名词或名词短语。第一个空后“few”是形容词，表示“少的”，因此用so修饰；第二个空后“little children”是名词短语，其中“little”表示“小的”，因此用such修饰。故选A。 四、完形填空 I have been learning English since I was 10 years old. Everything I was 1 at school was about tenses (时态), plural rules and other complex grammar. Every day, my teacher 2 us to copy new words 10 times. I was tired of memorizing vocabulary and grammar rules. Gradually, learning English became 3 I disliked. When I was in Grade 8, my parents bought me a computer. From then on, it became my best helper. I could learn 4 I wanted, I began to listen to music and watch TV shows. The first TV show that I watched was Hannah Montana. It was very funny, and I picked up quite a lot of vocabulary from it, which was an unforgettable learning experience. It was also when I fell in love with the 5 . I remember back then, I also downloaded a lot of English songs and listened to them every day. Besides, I 6 many websites where people from all over the world exchanged cultures with each other. I made a lot of foreign friends there, and we talked about everything in life. At first, I thought the only 7 people learned English was that they wanted to communicate with each other. Not until I 8 myself in the language did I realize that the language itself was the best way to create a strong connection between me and the endless knowledge of the world. I can see a huge improvement in my English skills. Thanks to English, I have learned much more about the world around me. The journey towards language fluency (流利) is not always 9 , and I still have a long way to go. I won’t, however, give up on it. I prefer the journey that I’ve been through to the destination ahead. If you don’t know where you are 10 , if you’re not sure what to do next, just do whatever you love. ( ) 1．A．taught B．learned C．studied D．improved ( ) 2．A．forced B．warned C．required D．invited ( ) 3．A．something B．anything C．nothing D．everything ( ) 4．A．whoever B．whatever C．wherever D．however ( ) 5．A．computer B．language C．experience D．show ( ) 6．A．invented B．created C．discovered D．attended ( ) 7．A．excuse B．result C．end D．reason ( ) 8．A．doubted B．lost C．forgot D．remembered ( ) 9．A．hard B．fun C．easy D．exciting ( ) 10．A．exactly B．actually C．quickly D．simply 【答案】 1．A 2．C 3．A 4．B 5．B 6．C 7．D 8．B 9．C 10．A 【导语】本文讲述了作者从厌倦英语学习到通过兴趣驱动逐渐爱上英语的过程，强调了兴趣和沉浸式学习的重要性。 1．句意：我在学校被教授的一切都是关于时态，复数规则和其他复杂的语法。 taught教；learned学习；studied研究；improved提高。根据“I was...”及备选项可知，此处为被动语态表达，“tenses, plural rules and other complex grammar”为作者在学校被教授的内容。故选A。 2．句意：每天，我的老师要求我们抄写10遍新单词。 forced强迫；warned警告；required要求；invited邀请。“copy new words 10 times”是老师的要求，C选项符合句意。故选C。 3．句意：渐渐地，学习英语成了我不喜欢的事情。 something某事，用于肯定句；anything任何事物，用于否定句或疑问句；nothing没有什么；everything一切。本句为肯定句，且此处表示“I disliked”的事情。故选A。 4．句意：我可以学习任何我想学的东西，我开始听音乐和看电视节目。 whoever无论是谁；whatever无论什么；wherever无论在哪；however无论怎样。设空处引导宾语从句，且在从句中作宾语成分，whatever符合语境。故选B。 5．句意：那也是我爱上这种语言的时候。 computer电脑；language语言；experience经验；show表演。根据“learning English became...I disliked.”和“I picked up quite a lot of vocabulary from it”可知，作者利用电脑学习到很多的词汇，爱上了之前不喜欢的英语。故选B。 6．句意：此外，我发现了许多来自世界各地的人们相互交流文化的网站。 invented发明；created创造；discovered发现；attended参加。“many websites where...”是作者在利用电脑学习英语的过程中发现的内容，C选项符合句意。故选C。 7．句意：起初，我认为人们学习英语的唯一原因是他们想相互交流。 excuse借口；result结果；end结束；reason原因。设空处后“people learned English was that they wanted to communicate with each other”说明了人们学习英语的原因。故选D。 8．句意：直到我沉浸在语言中，我才意识到语言本身是建立我与世界无尽知识之间强大联系的最佳方式。 doubted怀疑；lost丢失；forgot忘记；remembered记得。根据“I...myself in the language”可知，此处指作者沉浸在语言学习中，lost oneself in“沉浸于……”。故选B。 9．句意：通往语言流利的旅程并不总是那么容易，我还有很长的路要走。 hard困难的；fun有趣的；easy容易的；exciting令人兴奋的。根据“I still have a long way to go”可知，这段旅程并不容易。故选C。 10．句意：如果你不知道自己到底在哪里，如果你不确定下一步该做什么，那就做你喜欢的事。 exactly确切地；actually事实上；quickly快速地；simply简单地。根据“if you’re not sure what to do next”可知，此处讲述假如“你”对自己的定位了解不够准确。故选A。 五、短文填空 据短文内容用所给词的适当形式填空。 China is the home of tea. It is 1 (believe) that China had tea plants as early as five to six thousand years ago, and that people began to grow tea plants two thousand years ago. Tea from China began to be 2 (know) by the world over a thousand years ago and has always been an important Chinese export (出口物品). At present, more than forty 3 (country) in the world grow tea. The words for tea 4 (leaf) or tea as a drink in many places are derivatives (派生词) from the Chinese character “cha”. The Russians call it “chai”, which 5 (sound) like “chaye” as it is pronounced in northern China, and the English word “tea” sounds similar to the 6 (pronounce) of it in Xiamen. The Japanese character for tea is 7 (write) exactly the same as it is in Chinese, though pronounced with a small 8 (different). The habit of tea 9 (drink) spread to Japan in the 6th century, but it was not introduced to Europe and America until the 17th and 18th 10 (century). Now the number of tea drinkers in the world is large and is still on the increase. 【答案】1．believed 2．known 3．countries 4．leaves 5．sounds 6．pronunciation 7．written 8．difference 9．drinking 10．centuries 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国茶的历史、传播以及在世界各地语言中的表达。 1．句意：人们认为中国早在五六千年前就有茶树，而人们在两千年前就开始种植茶树。此处为“It is believed that…”固定句型，表示“人们认为……”，故填believed。 2．句意：中国的茶在一千多年前就开始为世界所知，并且一直是中国重要的出口产品。此处为固定结构“be known by”，表示“被……所知”，故填known。 3．句意：目前，世界上有四十多个国家种植茶叶。forty修饰可数名词复数形式，故填countries。 4．句意：在许多地方，表示茶叶或茶的词语是从汉字“茶”派生而来的。此处需要名词复数形式，泛指茶叶，故填leaves。 5．句意：俄罗斯人称之为“chai”，这听起来像中国北方的发音“茶叶”，而英语中的单词“tea”听起来和厦门的“茶”发音相似。此处为which引导的非限制性定语从句，指代“chai”这个称呼，是三单，从句谓语动词需用三单形式，故填sounds。 6．句意：俄罗斯人称之为“chai”，这听起来像中国北方的发音“茶叶”，而英语中的单词“tea”听起来和厦门的“茶”发音相似。此处需要名词形式作宾语，表示“发音”，故填pronunciation。 7．句意：日语中“茶”的写法与汉语完全相同，只是发音略有不同。主语The Japanese character for tea与谓语动词write之间是动宾关系，此处应是被动语态，is后用过去分词，故填written。 8．句意：日语中“茶”的写法与汉语完全相同，只是发音略有不同。此处需要名词形式作宾语，表示“差异”，且a修饰单数名词，故填difference。 9．句意：饮茶的习惯在6世纪传到日本，但直到17、18世纪才传入欧洲和美洲。此处需要动名词作介词“of”的宾语，故填drinking。 10．句意：饮茶的习惯在6世纪传到日本，但直到17、18世纪才传入欧洲和美洲。根据“the 17th and 18th”可知，此处需要可数名词复数形式，表示多个世纪，故填centuries。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $