Unit4 History and Traditions 单词课件-2025-2026学年高中英语人教版必修第二册

1.Confucius[kən'fjuːʃəs]: n. 孔子 2.mansion [ˈmænʃn]: n. 公馆;宅第 宫殿：palace 别墅：villa 庄园：estate 3.cemetery [ˈsemətri]: n. 墓地;公墓 tomb : n. 坟墓 grave: n. 坟墓 4.philosophy [fəˈlɒsəfi]: n. 哲学 philosopher 哲学家 5.descendant [dɪˈsendənt]: n. 后裔;后代;子孙 ancestor: n. 祖先 6.individual [ˌɪndɪˈvɪdʒuəl]: n. 个人 adj. 单独的;个别的 人：person，people，human，human being，folk，mankind 7.heel [hiːl]: n. 足跟; (脚/袜子/鞋等的)后跟 Achilles’ heel: (喻)(希腊神话)阿喀琉斯的脚跟; 致命的弱点 8.kingdom [ˈkɪŋdəm ]: n. 王国;领域 国王：king 皇帝：emperor 女王：queen 王子：prince 公主：princess 9.chief [tʃiːf]: adj. 最重要的;最高级别的 n.(公司或机构的)首领;酋长(复数: chiefs) 主要的：main，major，principal，prime，dominant 重要的：important，significant，crucial，vital，key，essential 10.puzzle [ˈpʌzl]: n. 谜;智力游戏;疑问v. 迷惑;使困惑 puzzling: adj. 令人迷惑的/令人困惑的 puzzled: adj. (人感到)困惑的;迷惑不解的 be puzzled about sth: 对某事迷惑不解 What ______ him is why that movie is so popular. These problems are ______ . The scientist is ______ about these problems. 11.nearby [ˌnɪəˈbaɪ]: adv. 在附近 adj. 附近的;邻近的(常在名词前) near: 介词，在...附近 puzzles puzzling puzzled 12.join ... to...: 把…和…连接或联结起来 join in 参加（比赛、活动等） 13. break away (from sb/sth): 脱离;背叛;逃脱 break down 损坏，发生故障 break into 破门而入 break out （战争）爆发，（火灾）突然发生 break up 结束，破裂 If you go on working like that, you will break _____ sooner or later. With so many problems unsettled, a few countries wanted to break ______ _____ the Union. down away from 14.belong [bɪ'lɒŋ]: v. 应在(某处);适应 belong to...: 属于;是…的成员(不能用于进行时态和被动语态) belongings (n.)（pl.）所有物；财产，财物 15.as well as: 同(一样也); 和; 还 as well as, with, along with, together with等连接的名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词与其前面的名词保持一致。 16.currency [ˈkʌrənsi ]: n. 通货; 货币 current（a.）现在的（n.）流 currently（adv.）目前 17.military [ˈmɪlətri ]: adj. 军事的;军用的 军队：army，troops，armed forces 18.defence [dɪˈfens ]: n. 防御;保卫 defend [dɪˈfend ]: v. 防御;保卫 defend oneself against 对...为自己辩护，自卫 defend against 抵御 19.legal ['li:ɡl]: adj. 法律的;合法的 legally: adv. 法律上;合法地 illegal : adj. 不合法的;违法的 illegally: adv. 不法地 20.surround [səˈraʊnd ]: v. 围绕;包围 surrounding: adj. 周围的;附近的 surroundings: n.环境;周围的事物 environment be surrounded with/by…: 被…围绕/包围 21.evidence ['evɪdəns]: n. 证据;证明 【不可数名词: 前面不能加an/a, 后不能加s】 evident adj. 明显的 22.achievement [ə'tʃi:vmənt]: n. 成就;成绩;达到 achieve v. 取得; 获得; 实现; 成功 make achievements做出成就 achieve one’s aim/goal 达到目的/ 实现目标 23.location [ləʊˈkeɪʃn ]: n. 地方;地点;位置 locate : v. 使位于;确定准确地点 be located in/at/to…: 位于;坐落在 Mount Huang __________ （位于）Anhui Province. 24.conquer [ˈkɒŋkə(r) ]: v. 占领;征服;控制 overcome: v. 克服 defeat : v. 击败（对手或敌人） 25.battle ['bætl ]: n. 战役;搏斗 v. 搏斗;奋斗 war -- campain -- battle -- fight battle against/with 与……战斗 battle for 为……而战，为……而奋斗 is located in 26.port [pɔːt ]: n. 港口(城市) 港口：harbor ； import 进口 export 出口 27.fascinating [ˈfæsɪneɪtɪŋ ]: adj. 极有吸引力的;迷人的 absorbing 吸引人的； fantastic：极好的 28.keep your eyes open (for...): 留心;留意 keep up 保持；继续 keep up with 跟上；保持同步；和……保持联系 keep back 阻止；隐瞒 keep away （from） 避免接近（……） keep sb. from doing... 阻止某人做…… keep in touch with 与……保持联系 1.Keep your eyes open ______ a boy in a red sweater. 2.You’re walking so fast that I can’t keep up ______ you. 3.Put the pizza in the bottom of the oven to keep the cheese ______ burning. for with from 29.charge [tʃɑ:dʒ]: v. 收费; 指控; 主管;充电n. 主管; 收费;主管 free of charge: 免费 get charged: 受指控; 充电 charge the cellphone/battery: 给手机/电池充电 charge sb with…: 指控 charge sb. for sth. 因某事/ 某物向某人收费 take charge of…: 负责; 主管 人+ in charge of + 事 事+ in the charge of + 人 1.—How much do you charge me ______ it? —No. In fact it is free ______ charge at the weekend. 2.He was charged ______ murder and sentenced to death. 3.The man __________ （负责）the gallery announced that an exhibition of paintings would be held. 4.He is old, so his son will ______________ （负责）the farm. 5.The programme is ________________ （由…… 负责/ 掌管）Mr Zhang. 6.The man ______________ （被指控） theft, but he made a protest. 7.Somehow they didn’t ______ us ______ （因……向……收费） delivery this time. for of with in charge of take charge of in the charge of was charged with charge for 30.announce [ə'naʊns]: v. 宣布;通知;声称 announcement : n. 通告;宣告 announce sth. to sb. = announce to sb. sth. 向某人宣布某事 As is announced... 据报道…… It is announced that... 据报道…… make an announcement 宣布通告 1.The spokesman of the Foreign Ministry announced the news _____ the reporters. 2.______ is announced in today’s newspaper, they have succeeded in solving many problems about the new technique. 3.She made her ______________ (announce) after talks with the president. to As announcement 31. amount [əˈmaʊnt ]: n. 金额;数量 a large amount of + 不可数名词 + 单动 large amounts of + 不可数名词 + 复动 A large quantity of + 可数/ 不可数名词+ 单数谓语动词+ 其他. Large quantities of + 可数/ 不可数名词+ 复数谓语动词+ 其他. A good/great many （A large/great number of 、Quite a few） + 可数名词复数 + 复数谓语动词+ 其他. Many a + 可数名词单数 + 单数谓语动词+ 其他. A lot of/ Lots of （Plenty of ）+ 可数名词复数/ 不可数名词+ 谓语动词+ 其他. （谓语动词的单复数根据of 后的名词确定） 他们在这个问题上花费了大量的时间。（amount） ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ They spent a large amount of time on this problem. They spent large amounts of time on this problem. 　 32.gallery [ˈɡæləri]: n. 展览馆;画廊 33.approach [əˈprəʊtʃ ]: n.方法;途径; 接近; 道路 v. 接近; 接洽; 着手处理; 靠近 the approach of... ……的来临 at the approach of 在……快到的时候 an approach to （doing）sth. （做）某事的方法 a method of/for (doing) sth…:(做) 什么的方法 a way of doing/to do sth…:做什么的方法 adopt/take an approach 采用一种方法 The best approach to _________ (explore) the puzzle is to keep your eyes open. Many kinds of birds fly south _________ the approach of winter. All the approaches _________ the palace were guarded by troops. The approach _________ the summer vacation brings the kids much happiness. exploring at to of 34.ensure/insure [ɪnˈʃʊə(r)]: v. 保证;确保;担保 ensure = make sure 确保 ensure the safety of 确保……的安全 ensure（that）… 确保…… make sure of 确保…… The hospital tries _________ (ensure) that patients can see the doctor quickly. Please _________ （确保）all the windows are closed. The storm is coming. The police’s duty is to _______________ （确保……的安全）citizens. to ensure make sure ensure the safety of 35.landscape [ˈlændskeɪp]:n. (陆上/乡村的)风景 view: n. 景色;风景 scenery: n. 风景;景色 sight: n. 风景;景象 36.generous ['dʒenərəs]: adj. 慷慨的;大方的;丰富的 generous adj. 慷慨的，大方的 be generous to sb. 对某人慷慨 be generous with sth. 在某方面大方，不吝啬某物 It’s generous of sb. to do sth. 某人做某事真是慷慨。 generously adv. 慷慨地，大方地　 generosity n. 慷慨，大方 mean adj. 吝啬的，小气的 1.These volunteers are very generous ___________ the old men. 2.The young man is very generous ___________ his time in helping others. 3.It is generous of you ___________ (lend) your portable computer to me. 4._________________________（你真慷慨）to share your food with me, Jack. to with to lend It is/was generous of you 37.butter [ˈbʌtə(r) ]: n. 黄油;奶油v. 涂黄油于 button 按钮 38.honey [‘hʌni]: n. 蜂蜜;(爱称)亲爱的;宝贝 39.ancestor [ˈænsestə(r) ]: n. 祖宗;祖先 descendant: n. 后裔;后代;子孙 generation: n. 一代; 一辈 40.position [pəˈzɪʃn]: v. 安装;安置;使处于 n. 位置; 职位; 姿态;地方 in/out of position 在/不在适当的位置 41.courtyard [ˈkɔːtjɑːd ]: n. 庭院;院子 43.eager [ˈi:gə]: adj. 热切的；渴望的 be eager to do sth. 渴望做某事 be eager for sth. 渴求某事物 be eager in 热衷于 The little girl, who is helped by the Project Hope, is eager ____ knowledge and eager _________ (make) progress, so she is eager ____ her study and is always praised by her teachers. 44.poet [ˈpəʊɪt]: n. 诗人 poem: n. 诗;诗歌(可数名词) poetry: n.诗集; 诗歌; 诗作(不可数名词) 45.county [ˈkaʊnti ]: n.(英国/爱尔兰)郡;(美国的)县 country: 国家; 农村 countryside: 农村 for to make in 46.feast [fiːst ]: n. 盛宴;宴会;节日(宗教节日) 47.roll [rəʊl]: v. (使)翻滚;(使)滚动; 翻转; 卷起来 n. 卷(轴); 翻滚; 卷形物;面包圈 role : n. 角色; 作用 48.dot [dɒt]: n. 点;小(圆)点 v. 加点;遍布 49.cattle [ˈkætl ]: n. 牛(牛的总称)(集合名词) cow: n. 母牛; 奶牛 ox: 公牛(已阉割) (复数: oxen) bull: 公牛(未阉割) cattle: 集合名词,前面不能加 a,词尾也不可加s。常和many, these, those, the等连用。用作主语时,句子的谓语动词多用复数。 50.roar [rɔː(r)]: v. / n. 吼叫;咆哮 51.ocean [ˈəʊʃn ]: n. 大海;海洋 the Arctic/Atlantic/Indian/Pacific Ocean: 北冰洋/大西洋/印度洋/太平洋 52.scent [sent]: n. 气味;气息 53.greet [ɡriːt]: v. 问候;迎接 greet sb. with 用……向某人打招呼/ 问候某人 greeting n. 问候，招呼，致意（常用复数形式greetings 表示“问候语，贺词”） send greetings to sb. 向某人致意 54.pub [pʌb]: n. 酒吧;酒馆 bar: n. 酒吧; 小馆子 restaurant:餐馆;餐厅 55.wine [waɪn]: n. 葡萄酒;果酒 56.beer [bɪə(r) ]: n. (一杯)啤酒 57.stew [stjuː]: n. 炖菜(有肉和蔬菜) v. 炖;煨 58.custom [ˈkʌstəm ]: n. 风俗;习俗;习惯 customs: n. 海关; 关税 customer : n. 顾客;主顾 59.sensory [ˈsensəri ]: adj. 感觉的;感官的 sense: n. 感官(即视觉、嗅觉、听觉、触觉、味觉) 60.striking [ˈstraɪkɪŋ]: adj. 引人注目的;显著的 strike [straɪk] : 罢工; 侵袭; 重创; 打; 碰撞; 打动; 敲钟; (钟)打点/报时 (strike -- struck --- struck/stricken) 61.transition [trænˈzɪʃn]: n. 过渡;转变;变迁 62.crowd [kraʊd]: v.挤满;使拥挤 n. 人群;一群人;观众 ; 民众;群众 a crowd of/crowds of :一大群; 很多 crowd in (on sb): (想法/问题等) 涌上心头;涌入 crowd into sth: 大批涌入... crowded : adj. 拥挤的; 挤满的 be crowded with...: 挤满… $