Unit1 SectionA(4a-4c)课件2025-2026学年人教版英语八年级下册

SectionA (4a-4c) Grammar Time to Relax! Unit1 1 Let’s guess What do people usually do with it? People use the brush to do calligraphy. People use the headphone to listen to music. People play the badminton to exercise. A magic bag Purpose: “To+Verb” 2 主谓 Subject Verb 主谓宾 Subject Verb Object 主系表 Subject Verb Predicate 主谓宾 宾补 Subject Verb Object Complement 系动词： 1. be 动词（am/is/are/was/were） 2. 感官动词（look, sound, feel...） 3. 变化类（become, get） /ˈpredɪkət/ She sings. She sings a song. He is handsome. She teaches him a song. 3 : to do 动词不定式是动词吗？ 动词在英语句子里扮演什么角色？ 非谓语 动词 动词不定式（to do）在英语句子里扮演什么角色？ 谓语 动词 4 01 定义 动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，它没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能作谓语。 基本形式：“to+动词原形”，常写作to do(有时to可省略) 否定形式：“not to+动词原形” 02 构成 03 用法 动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此可在句中作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、表语和状语等。 5 She likes to play the flute. I want to swim. 动词不定式作宾语紧跟在“计划、决定、想要”等及物动词后，作该动词的宾语。 结构：及物动词 + to do sth. She decides to go ice-skating. She decided to give it a go. 常见的词类动词有： 两个希望需要两答应: hope, wish, want, would like, agree, promise 两个要求莫拒绝: demand, ask, refuse 设法学会做决定: manage, learn, decide 不要假装在选择: pretend, choose 动词不定式 6 宾语 宾补 状语 主语 表语 定语 Her instructor told her not to give up so easily. My teacher asked me to read more books. My dad encourages me not to give up playing the guitar. 宾语补足语：用来补充说明宾语的情况。 常见动词： advise, allow, ask, encourage, invite, teach, tell, want/would like, expect等 带to的不定式做宾语补足语 +sb. to do sth. 否定：动词+sb. not to do sth. 动词不定式 7 宾语 宾补 状语 主语 表语 定语 不带to不定式作宾语补足语 This movie made me feel happy. （1）用于使役动词(let，make，have等)后时，省略to。 My parents let me watch cartoons for 20 minutes every night. 我父母允许我每晚看 20 分钟动画片。 I made Alice change her mind. 我让爱丽丝改变了想法。 My mother often has me clean my bedroom on weekends. 我妈妈经常让我在周末打扫卧室。 允许、放任（语气温和，无强制性） 迫使、强迫（语气强硬，有强制性） 让、叫、请（语气中性，偏 “安排 / 请求”） 动词不定式 8 宾语 宾补 状语 主语 She saw her mother paint. I heard him sing in the classroom. 不带to的不定式做宾语补足语 （2）用于感官动词(如see, watch, notice, hear, feel等)后时，省略to。 （3）help 后,常省略 to，也可不省略 to。 Please help me（to）finish the task. 动词不定式 see watch hear ...... sb. doing do 强调动作的全过程，或动作是经常性、习惯性的 强调动作正在进行，侧重动作的瞬间 感 官 动 词 I saw the old man cross the street. I saw the students talking happily. 9 宾语 宾补 状语 主语 She plays the flute to relax. To get good grades, he studies hard.  1.不定式可放在动词后，修饰动词，以表示动作的“目的”，作目的状语 2.不定式放在某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐等形容词后， 作原因状语 I am glad to see you . to relax(放松)修饰动词短语play the flute,表示吹笛子是为了放松 to see you(见到你)修饰形容词glad，表示“见到你”是“高兴的” 动词不定式 10 宾语 宾补 状语 主语 Read the sentences. Decide if each infinitive in bold functions as an object complement or adverbial. 4a What do you do in your free time? I play the flute to relax. How did you spend your weekend? I went to the sports centre to ice-skate. How did you get into painting? I saw my mother paint. I decide to give it a go. What did your instructor say? She told me not to give up so easily. 在你的空闲时间你做什么？ 我吹笛子来放松。 你怎样度过了你的周末？ 我去了体育中心去滑冰。 你如何开始对画画感兴趣的？ 我看见了我妈妈画画， 我决定试一试。 你的指导员说了什么？ 她告诉我不要这么容易放弃。 作目的状语 作目的状语 作宾补 作宾补 使役动词（如 make、have、let等）和感官动词（ 如 see、watch、 notice、hear、listen to、feel等）后时，动词不定式通常省略 to 11 动词不定式做主语 To learn more about Chinese history is very important. = It is very important to learn more about Chinese history . To do 作主语时， 为了避免句子的头重脚轻， 常用 it 作形式主语，把真正的主语后置。It is + adj.+(for sb) to do sth It’s difficult for me to play basketball. it(形式主语) to do(真正的主语) 我是主语。 我才是真的主语。 真正主语 形式主语 动词不定式 12 宾语 宾补 状语 主语 疑问词+to do what, which, who, where, when, how + to do . I don’t know where to go. I know how to learn English. 这结构往往跟在decide, know, ask, show, teach等动词后。 13 Complete the conversations with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets. 4b 1. A: Thanks for your advice! It made me (decide) to try skiing. B: You’re welcome. Try ( forget) your fears and have fun! 2. A: My cousin often asks me (fly) kites with her when it’s windy. B: That sounds fun! I’d love to watch you (fly) kites sometime. 3. A: I love to watch kung fu movies (relax) . B: Really? When I want ( relax) , I watch animal videos. 4. A: My parents told me ( not push) myself too hard. B: Yes, it’s important ( not forget) to relax once in a while. decide to forget to fly fly to relax to relax not to push not to forget 间或；偶尔地 push oneself 鞭策自己 做宾补 做宾语 做宾补 做宾补 做目的状语 做宾语 做宾补 做真正主语 make sb. do sth. try to do sth. ask sb. to do sth. watch sb. do sth. want to do sth. tell sb. not to do sth. It is+adj.+(for sb.) to do sth. 14 Tom and Tim are twin brothers. How do they spend their free time? Complete the passage with the infinitive forms of the verbs in the box. 4c My twin brother and I look alike, but we are so different. I love sport, and I often meet my friends _______ football and tennis. My brother joined us to play football once or twice, but he decided ________after that. He doesn’t like sport very much! Instead, he likes _______ at home and ______ movies, _______to music, and chat with friends online.Our parents were worried about him staying home too much. They also wanted us __________ more time together as a family. So, now they let us _____ our favourite activities on Saturdays, but on Sundays, we go on a family outing together! to play to stay watch listen (not) come do listen play spend stay watch not to come do to spend What do the twins like to do? 16 What do you usually do outdoors? Why? 4c You can share like this: I usually go skateboarding outdoors to have fun. I think it’s a good way to enjoy the view along the way. summary 18 动词不定式 形式：to+动词原形（to有时省略） 否定：not to+动词原形 没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能作谓语 概述 用法 作宾语 作宾补 作目的状语 作主语 to 的省略 疑问词+不定式 常用 it 作形式主语 want, refuse, forget; need, try, learn… it 作形式宾语 ask, tell, want, teach, wish, help… 可放句首，一般用逗号隔开，也可放句尾 感官动词 + 使役动词 summary 19 I decide ________ to the mountains, but my sister wants ________ at home. A. going; staying B. to go; staying C. going; to stay D. to go; to stay 2 —Do you know how ________ this machine? —Yes, my father taught me last week. A. operate B. operating C. to operate D. operated 3 I often forget ______ the door when I leave home, but yesterday I remembered ______ it. A. to lock; locking B. locking; to lock C. to lock; to lock D. locking; locking 1 Multiple choice. 20 1. Lisa and Betty like playing ping-pong, so they choose _________ (join) the ping-pong club. 2. The teacher asks us _________ (speak) English in class. 3. When you plan ________ (join) a club, the test can share some good ideas. 4. It is best ___________ (not agree) with others without further thinking. 5. It’s important for parents _________ (teach) their kids to use digital devices properly. 6. Look! The teenagers are making cards _________ (show) love for their mothers. to join 用单词的适当形式填空。 to speak to join not to agree to teach to show 21 get into 开始做某事；进入 It’s never too late to get into a new sport. 开始一项新的运动 永远不嫌晚。 1.How did you get into painting? 你是怎么开始画画的? get into 还可表示“处于(某种情形)；养成(某种习惯) ”。 Nobody wants to get into trouble. 没有人想惹上麻烦。 He got into the habit of reading before going to bed. 他养成了睡前读书的习惯。 Language points 22 此处go作名词，意为“尝试，一番努力”，复数形式为 goes。 eg: He was hesitant at first , but he decided to give it a go. 他一开始犹豫，但还是决定试一试。 eg: It took three goes to get it right. 试了三次才把它弄好。 2.I decided to give it a go. 我决定试一试。(教材 P5 4a) give it a go 试一试某事 Language points 23 (1)督促，鞭策 push oneself too hard 把自己逼得太紧 push sb. to do sth.督促/鞭策某人做某事 4.My parents told me not to push myself too hard. 我父母告诉我不要逼我自己太狠。(教材 P5 4b) push v. 督促；推 (2)推 反义词是pull“拉”。 You push and I pull. 你推我拉。 Language points 24 常用来表示频度，其前可加 every，相当于now and then、at times。 eg:He usually cooks at home, but once in a while he orders takeout. 他通常在家做饭，但偶尔也会点外卖。 5. Yes, it’s important not to forget to relax once in a while. 对，重要的是不要忘记偶尔放松一下。(教材 P5 4b) once in a while 偶尔地；间或 Language points 25 (1)[不及物动词]过去式和过去分词为chatted，现在分词为chatting。 chat with sb. 与某人闲聊 chat about sb./sth. 聊起某人/某事 6. chat 闲聊 (教材 P5 4c) chat v. & n. 闲聊 (2) [可数名词]have a chat with sb. = chat with sb. 与某人聊天 It is fun having a chat with you (=chatting with you). 跟你聊天很有趣。 Language points 26 Lavf58.29.100 Packed by Bilibili XCoder v2.0.2 $