专题06 语法核心:动词时态与语态(培优讲义)(全国通用)2026年中考英语二轮复习高效培优系列

2026-03-02
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创佳质英语乐园
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学段 初中
学科 英语
教材版本 -
年级 九年级
章节 -
类型 教案-讲义
知识点 谓语动词的时态,被动语态
使用场景 中考复习-二轮专题
学年 2026-2027
地区(省份) 全国
地区(市) -
地区(区县) -
文件格式 ZIP
文件大小 3.53 MB
发布时间 2026-03-02
更新时间 2026-03-02
作者 创佳质英语乐园
品牌系列 上好课·二轮讲练测
审核时间 2026-03-02
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来源 学科网

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专题06 语法核心:动词时态与语态 目 录 第一部分 考情精析 锁定靶心 高效备考 第二部分 重难考点深解 深度溯源 扫清盲区 【考点01】一般现在时 【考点02】一般过去时 【考点03】一般将来时 【考点04】现在进行时 【考点05】过去进行时 【考点06】现在完成时 第三部分 解题思维优化 典例精析+方法提炼+变式巩固 【题型01】语法选择/单项填空中的动词时态考查 【题型02】词语运用/首字母填空中的动词时态考查 【题型03】完形填空的动词时态考查 【题型04】语法填空的动词时态考查 核心考向聚焦 常见动词时态(一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、现在完成时)的辨析与应用是考查重点,在各地中考中频繁出现,占语法类考题的20%-25%。其中一般过去时、现在完成时、一般将来时是高频热点,现在进行时作为基础贯穿各类题型;过去进行时、过去完成时的考查相对较少,但在语篇综合题中偶有涉及,相对比重较小。 关键能力与思维瓶颈 关键能力:掌握五大常见动词时态的核心规则、时间标志词,能根据语境和标志词准确判断时态,熟练运用各时态的谓语动词形式(尤其不规则动词过去式、过去分词);能清晰区分易混时态(如一般过去时与现在完成时、一般将来时与be going to结构),明确各时态的语义差异。需通过分类记忆、标志词梳理突破。熟练在语篇中灵活运用时态,结合主谓一致、语态,确保时态前后连贯,贴合语境逻辑。需强化语境适配与规则应用。 培优瓶颈:主要受中文思维干扰,中文无时态变化,导致忽略时态标志词、误用谓语动词形式;同时,时态规则记忆碎片化,不规则动词变化掌握不牢,易混时态(如现在完成时与一般过去时)辨析不清;在语篇综合题中,难以兼顾时态连贯与语境逻辑,易出现时态混用、前后矛盾的错误。需强化标志词判断、语境分析与归类记忆。 命题前瞻与备考策略 预测:2026年中考中,动词时态仍将以五大常见时态为核心,侧重在语篇(完形填空、语法填空、书面表达)中灵活考查,结合时态标志词和上下文语境判断时态。将更注重真实情境下的应用,重点考查易混时态辨析、不规则动词应用,以及时态与主谓一致、语态的综合运用。 策略:备考应放弃对孤立方程式的死记硬背,转向 “建模”与“应用” 。重点训练: 1. 紧扣真题,建立动词时态分类错题本(易混时态、标志词错误、不规则动词误用),强化在完形填空和语境中判断时态的能力,重点突破现在完成时与一般过去时的辨析易错点。 2. 熟记常见时态的时间标志词(如every day对应一般现在时、yesterday对应一般过去时),熟记高频不规则动词变化表,专项练习语篇类时态题型,并与书面表达结合训练,规范时态运用,避免隐性失分。 ◇考点 01 一般现在时 易|错|提|醒 一般现在时还用于一下几种情况 1.表示真理、客观存在、科学事实或用于格言警句中: Shanghai lies in the east of China. Where there is a will, there is a way. 2.表示现在瞬间的动作: Here comes the train! 3.表示将来 1) 表按规定、计划、安排将要发生的动作(仅限于某些表示“来、去、动、停、开始、结束、继续”等的趋向动词),可以与表示未来的时间状语搭配使用。常见的用法是:飞机、火车、轮船、汽车等定期定点运行的交通状况。如: The next bus leaves at 3 o’clock this afternoon. 2) 在时间和条件状语从句中常使用一般现在时表示将来发生的事情: When Lily comes , ask him to wait for me. If you are free today,come to my party. ◇难点一般现在时表将来 典例 (2025·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·三模)As soon as she ______ in Qiqihar, she will call you. A.arrives B.is arriving C.will arrive 1.(2025·四川成都·二模)My grandma ________ zongzi every Dragon Boat Festival and I like zongzi with beans best. A.makes B.will make C.has made 2.(2025·北京平谷·一模)My grandma always ______ a walk to keep fit after dinner. A.took B.is taking C.takes D.take 3.(2025·北京海淀·一模)Ella ________ at the library every Sunday. It’s near her home. A.studies B.studied C.has studied D.was studying 4.(2024·甘肃武威·三模)A fantail goldfish ________ about four kilos. A.weigh B.weighs C.weighes D.weight 5.(2024·黑龙江绥化·中考真题)He ________ much healthier if he ________ enough exercise in his free time. A.is; take B.will be; takes C.will be; take ◇考点 02 一般过去时 易|错|提|醒 表示过去经常或反复发生的动作,特别是used to do表达的句型,本身表示的就是过去常常。如: I used to do homework after school,but I am used to watching TV now. And I always use the pen to write. *注意 sb. used to do sth.(某人过去常常做某事,to do 是动词不定式) sb. be used to sth./doing sth.(某人习惯于某物/做某事,此处to是介词,后+doing) sth be used to do sth(某物被用来做某事) ◇难点根据语境确定时态 典例 (2025·黑龙江哈尔滨·二模)—Jack, when ________ you ________ this novel? —I have had it for five months. A.have; bought B.have; had C.did; buy 1.(2026·上海嘉定·一模)Shenzhou 20 crew ________ successfully in good physical condition on Nov. 14, 2025. A.have landed B.had landed C.landed D.lands 2.(2025·江苏徐州·模拟预测)Xu Xiake more than 30 years travelling, mostly on foot, around China in the 17th century. A.spends B.spent C.has spent D.was spending 3.(2025·四川凉山·模拟预测)—Have you ever joined in the Torch Festival which is a traditional activity of the Yi people? —Yes, I ________ in it last year. It was really amazing! A.have joined B.joined C.had joined 4.(2025·福建福州·三模)—Would you like to see the film Wandering Earth III with me? —Thank you! But it’s a pity that I ________ it last week. A.see B.saw C.have seen 5.(2025·黑龙江哈尔滨·模拟预测)The girl was happy that the homeless cat loved the food she ________ on the ground. A.lay B.lied C.laid ◇考点 03 一般将来时 易|错|提|醒 一般将来时的几种句式结构辨析: 1) will / shall + 动词原形多用于表达主观愿望或必定会发生的事情(“将会如何”)*shall作助动词时一般只用于第一人称 2) be going to + 动词原形表示即将发生或打算要做的事: My parents are going to have a meeting tomorrow. 3) be to + 动词原形表示按计划或安排即将要发生的动作: We are to visit grandparents the day after tomorrow. 4)be about to + 动词原形表示即将发生的动作,意为“马上要做某事”,后面一般不跟时间状语,如: My sister are about to have a picnic soon. ◇难点will 与be going to 区别 典例 (2025·湖北武汉·一模)—When ________ the train ________? —In ten minutes. We need to hurry. A.will; arrive B.is; going to arrive C.does; arrive D.did; arrive 1.(2026·上海浦东新·一模)Please line up over there and the tour ________ in five minutes. A.begin B.begins C.began D.will begin 2.(2025·福建厦门·模拟预测)—Shall we go to the museum tomorrow? —I’d love to, but I’m afraid I can’t. I ________ my grandparents. A.visit B.visited C.will visit 3.(2025·黑龙江绥化·模拟预测)Unless it ________ sunny tomorrow, I ________ fishing in People’s Park. A.will be; will go B.is; won’t go C.will be; go 4.(2025·安徽合肥·三模)—I can’t open the door. My hands are full. Would you please help me? —OK. I ________ it for you. A.opened B.will open C.open D.was opening 5.(2025·北京西城·一模)Wait a moment, please. The party ______ after everyone arrives. A.starts B.will start C.has started D.started ◇考点 04 现在进行时 易|错|提|醒 现在进行时还用于以下2种情况 1.表示反复出现或习惯性的动作,往往包含说话者赞扬、责备、厌恶等情绪,通常与constantly, continually, forever等频度副词连用。如: John is continually asking stupid questions. 2. 表示按计划、安排将要发生的动作,仅适用于部分趋向动词(如go, come, leave, start, arrive等)。如: My aunt is leaving for Beijing. ◇难点进行时表将来 典例(2026·福建三明·一模)Miss Lin ________ to Shanghai on business tomorrow. A.flies B.flew C.is flying 1.(2026·上海普陀·一模)—What’s so funny, Jack? —I ________ some interesting videos about animals. Come and join me. A.am watching B.watched C.will watch D.watch 2.(2025·安徽滁州·三模)—Don’t make so much noise. Grandma ________. —OK, no problem. A.sleeps B.will sleep C.is sleeping D.was sleeping 3.(2025·甘肃陇南·模拟预测)Look! The man ________ to the radio. A.is listening B.listens C.listened D.will listen 4.(2025·四川成都·三模)—Listen! Some singers ________ My Homeland. —Yes. They express their love for their country with their beautiful voices. A.sang B.are singing C.sing 5.(2025·北京丰台·一模)—You look busy, Bob. What are you doing these days? —Oh, I ________ for the coming writing competition. A.prepare B.will prepare C.prepared D.am preparing ◇考点 05 过去进行时 易|错|提|醒 过去进行时还用于: 1.表示过去反复出现或习惯性的动作,往往包含说话者赞扬、责备、厌恶等情绪,通常与constantly, continually, forever等频度副词连用。如: My brother was constantly losing his keys. 2.表示按计划、安排过去某时刻将要发生的动作,仅适用于部分趋向动词(如go, come, leave, start, arrive等)。如: He said he was leaving for Beijing this afternoon. 3.过去进行时有一个主要用法就是描述一件事情发生的背景(一个长动作延续的时候,另一个短动作发生): I fell asleep when I was reading. It was raining when she left home. ◇难点when 与while的区别 典例(2025·北京东城·二模)While I ________ my bedroom yesterday, I found my old toys. A.cleaned B.was cleaning C.clean D.have cleaned 1.(2026·上海宝山·一模)A: Did you notice the bird come in? B: No, I didn’t because I ________ my homework. A.am doing B.was doing C.have done D.had done 2.(2025·江西景德镇·三模)—I didn’t see you at the party last night. —Oh, I ________ my grandparents in the countryside. They were ill. A.am visiting B.visit C.will visit D.was visiting 3.(2025·福建宁德·模拟预测)—Hey, you didn’t come to the party last night. —Oh, I ______ for the coming exam at that time. A.am preparing B.was preparing C.have prepared 4.(2024·江苏常州·一模)—Has our son finished his homework yet? —I don’t know, but he ________ it the whole afternoon. A.was doing B.did C.has done D.will do 5.(2025·海南·模拟预测)I ________ a report when the light suddenly went out. A.was writing B.am writing C.wrote ◇考点 06 现在完成时 易|错|提|醒 (1)现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 ①现在完成时与一般过去时都表示过去的动作,但现在完成时强调这一动作对现在产生的影响或结果,而一般过去时则只表示过去的事实。 ②现在完成时不能和表示过去的时间状语连用,而一般过去时可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。 如:I haven't seen her these days.;I saw her this morning. (2)常用现在完成时的固定句型 ①This/It is/was the+形容词最高级+n.+that…结构, that从句中要用现在完成时。 如:This is the most interesting film that I have seen. ②It is/has been+时间段+since…。 如:It is/has been 5 years since we last met. ③一段时间+现在完成时+since时间状语从句。 如:Two years has passed since I came here. (3)常见非延续性动词与延续性动词的转化 open→be open close→be closed become→be begin/start→be on marry→be married borrow→keep leave→be away (from) go to→be in buy→have die→be dead join→be in finish→be over come back→be back wake up→be awake fall asleep→be asleep ◇难点非延续性动词与延续性动词 典例(2025·黑龙江大庆·三模)—How long is it since he ________ his hometown? —He ________ for nearly 10 years. A.left; left B.has left; has left C.has left; has been away D.left; has been away 1.(2026·上海徐汇·一模)Up to now, the staff ________ to catch the monkey that escaped from the zoo yet. A.didn’t manage B.won’t manage C.haven’t managed D.don’t manage 2.(2025·黑龙江哈尔滨·模拟预测)Great changes ________ in our town during the past 10 years, making it more lively and popular. A.took place B.are taking place C.have taken place 3.(2026·上海宝山·一模)Our class planted a tree in the school last month. Ever since, we ________ turns to water it. A.have taken B.take C.will take D.took 4.(2025·安徽·模拟预测)—Wow! There are thousands of old coins in your house. —My grandpa is a big fan of them. He ________over 4,000 old coins and he is still doing it. A.will collect B.was collecting C.is collecting D.has collected 5.(2025·黑龙江佳木斯·三模)The old man _______ for ten years. A.died B.has died C.has been dead D.has been died ◇题型 01 单项填空中的动词时态考查 典|例|精|析 典例1(2025·西藏拉萨·一模)—Wow! You have a ticket to the Asian Cup! —My uncle bought it for me. He ________ the ticket for three days. A. has bought B.had bought C.has had D.had had 变|式|巩|固 变式1 (2025·黑龙江绥化·二模)—When did you ________? —I’ve ________ for two months. A.get married; been married B.get married; married C.get married; gotten married 变式2 (2024·河北承德·一模)I ________ Lily’s dictionary for one week. I need to return it to her next Friday. A.borrowed B.have borrowed C.have kept D.kept ◇题型 02 词语运用/所给词填空中的动词时态考查 典|例|精|析 典例2(2025·甘肃张掖·三模)When I saw Tom yesterday, he (help) an old man cross the road. 变|式|巩|固 变式1 (2025·西藏·一模)We (not see) each other since we met at that party. 变式2(2025·江苏南京·一模)Life is a book and there are still many pages I (not read) yet. ◇题型 03 语法选择的动词时态考查 典|例|精|析 典例3(2025·广东·中考真题)Lily works as a main cook in a famous restaurant. It was her mom who guided her into the world of cooking. When she was a little girl, Lily spent a lot of time with mom in the kitchen. She remembered that she would always sit there 1 watch mom cooking. She was curious about 2 mom was busy with. When she was older, she 3 to do easy tasks like beating eggs. Later on, while mom was making dumplings, Lily would help cut vegetables 4 a small knife. She also learned how to make dumplings of 5 shapes. To a girl of her age, cooking was real magic. As Lily grew up, she learned more about food and tried cooking 6 dishes than before. After finishing college, she decided 7 in a restaurant. With wild imagination, she came up with many new ideas and started to create 8 own dishes. So far, she 9 many dishes with special tastes. All these dishes are popular with customers. Today, the kitchen is still a place for Lily and mom to have 10 fun together. Every time before a family dinner party, they will cooperate to plan a menu. Cooking has kept their mother-daughter relationship strong. 1.A.or B.and C.but 2.A.what B.that C.whether 3.A.is allowed B.was allowed C.was allowing 4.A.by B.for C.with 5.A.different B.difference C.differently 6.A.difficult B.more difficult C.the most difficult 7.A.work B.working C.to work 8.A.her B.hers C.herself 9.A.invents B.will invent C.has invented 10.A./ B.a C.the ◇题型 04 语法填空中的动词时态考查 典|例|精|析 典例4(2025·黑龙江大庆·中考真题)Fill in each blank with a proper form of the word given or a proper word. Hi, my young friends! I am Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway. Here I am writing to share my story with you. I was born in 1909. I am 116 years old now. My 1 (build) was Zhan Tianyou, a brave and smart man. He believed China should build its own railway 2 other countries’ help. So he built me, China’s first self-built railway. At first, my trains used steam (蒸汽).Their top speed was only 35 km/h. Then, the trains 3 (start) to use diesel (柴油). Later, there were even better trains that used electricity. It took 4 (simple) three hours to finish the trip. In 2020, the new high-speed railway opened on December 30. I was so 5 (please). People only needed to spend 47 minutes 6 (travel) from Beijing to Zhangjiakou. During the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics, Beijing and Zhangjiakou, the two host 7 (city) for the event, welcomed lots of people from around the world. The railway played 8 important role. Although I am too old 9 (keep) working these days, people will keep me as part of history. I am a little sad, 10 still proud of all the achievements that China has made in the past few years. Zhan Tianyou must be proud, too. 动词语态 目 录 第一部分 考情精析 锁定靶心 高效备考 第二部分 重难考点深解 深度溯源 扫清盲区 【考点01】被动语态的结构 【考点02】主动语态变被动语态的方法 【考点03】主动结构表被动意义的情况 第三部分 解题思维优化 典例精析+方法提炼+变式巩固 【题型01】语法选择/单项填空中的被动语态考查 【题型02】词语运用/所给词填空中的被动语态考查 【题型03】完形填空的动词被动语态考查 【题型04】语法填空的被动语态考查 核心考向聚焦 常见时态的被动语态(一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时)的结构与应用是考查重点,在各地中考中频繁出现,占语法类考题的15%-20%。其中一般现在时、一般过去时的被动语态是高频热点,一般将来时、现在完成时的被动语态考查频次次之;情态动词的被动语态、主动表被动的特殊用法也有涉及,但相对比重较小。 关键能力与思维瓶颈 关键能力:掌握常见时态被动语态的核心结构(be+过去分词),熟记高频不规则动词的过去分词,能根据语境和时态标志词准确判断被动语态的形式;能清晰区分主动语态与被动语态的用法场景,明确被动语态的适用条件(动作承受者作主语)。需通过结构归类、记忆突破。熟练运用情态动词被动语态(can/may/must be+过去分词),掌握主动表被动的特殊结构(如系动词、固定搭配),能在语境中灵活转换主动与被动语态。需强化应用规则与语境判断。 培优瓶颈:主要受中文思维干扰,中文无被动语态结构,导致忽略动作承受者作主语的语境,误用主动语态;同时,被动语态结构记忆碎片化,不规则动词过去分词掌握不牢,易混淆不同时态被动语态的be动词形式;在语篇综合题中,难以结合时态、主谓一致判断被动语态,易出现结构错误、时态矛盾等问题。需强化语境判断、结构记忆与归类应用。 命题前瞻与备考策略 预测:2026年中考中,被动语态仍将以常见时态被动结构为核心,侧重在语篇(完形填空、语法填空、书面表达)中灵活考查,结合时态标志词和上下文语境判断被动语态的形式。将更注重真实情境下的应用,重点考查一般现在时、一般过去时被动语态的应用,以及情态动词被动语态、主动表被动的特殊用法 策略:备考应放弃对孤立方程式的死记硬背,转向 “建模”与“应用” 。重点训练: 1. 紧扣真题,建立被动语态分类错题本(时态结构错误、不规则过去分词误用、主动被动混淆),强化在完形填空和语境中判断被动语态的能力,重点突破不同时态被动结构的辨析易错点。 2. 熟记常见时态被动语态结构、高频不规则动词过去分词,专项练习情态动词被动、主动表被动题型,并与书面表达结合训练,规范被动语态的用法,避免隐性失分 ◇考点 01 被动语态的结构 被动语态的基本结构是“主语(动作的承受者)+系动词be+及物动词的过去分词”。被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化通过系动词be的变化来体现。常见的被动语态结构如下: 时态 结构 例句 一般现在时 am/is/are+done The classroom is cleaned by us every day. 主动语态:We clean the classroom every day. 一般过去时 was/were+done A new pen was given to her by her mother. 主动语态:Her mother gave her a new pen. 一般将来时 will/shall/be go to+be+done Trees will be planted by them tomorrow. 主动语态:They will plant trees tomorrow. 含情态动词 情态动词+be+done The problem must be solved soon. 主动语态:We must solve the problem soon. ◇难点情态动词的被动语态 典例 (2025·甘肃白银·三模)—It is said that the new kind of medicine which can ______ to treat this disease will be on the market next month. —That’s great! A.use B.be used C.have used D.be using 1.(2026·上海黄浦·一模)Look! The cow ________ to a big tree, so it can only eat the grass nearby. A.ties B.tied C.is tied D.was tied 2.(2026·上海虹口·一模)Doctor Zhang, leader of the medical team of experts, _______ by CCTV last week. A.interviewed B.was interviewed C.were interviewed D.is interviewed 3.(2026·上海闵行·一模)A few people believe that most of the teaching work ________ by AI in the near future. A.is done B.was done C.will be done D.is being done 4.(2023·新疆乌鲁木齐·一模)Trees ________ every year to make our city greener. A.should plant B.should be plant C.should be planted D.should be planting 5.(2026·上海松江·一模)AI-powered robots ________ in many Chinese hotels to serve customers back in 2021. A.are used B.were used C.have been used D.had been used ◇考点 02 主动语态变被动语态的方法 总结:(1)把主动语态宾语变成被动语态主语; (2)原主动语态动词变成“be+动词的过去分词”; (3)把主动语态主语放在被动语态介词by之后; (4)其他不变。 易|错|提|醒 【注意】主动语态变被动语态的特殊情况 (1)带双宾语的主动语态改为用其直接宾语(物)作主语的被动语态时,间接宾语(人)前必须加介词to或for。如: My father bought me a computer. →A computer was bought for me by my father. (2)有些感官动词和使役动词(hear, see, watch, notice, make, have等)在主动语态中作谓语时,其宾语补足语后的动词不定式省略to, 但变成被动语态时,必须将to还原。如: The boss made the workers work 12 hours a day.→The workers were made to work 12 hours a day by the boss. ◇难点带双宾语的被动语态 典例(2026·上海杨浦·一模)The animator gave some advice to the young comic artists. (改为被动语态) Some advice to the young comic artists. 1.(2026·上海普陀·一模)Local farmers pick Longjing tea before the Qingming Festival every year. (改为被动语态) Longjing tea by local farmers before the Qingming Festival every year. 2.(2026·上海青浦·一模)Pansy wrote an article for the school newspaper last month. (改为被动语态) An article for the school newspaper last month. 3.(2026·上海金山·一模)We should drink plenty of water every day to stay healthy. (改为被动语态) Plenty of water should every day to stay healthy. 4.(2026·上海奉贤·一模)Our school will teach students sports safety rules to raise their awareness. (改为被动语态) Students will sports safety rules to raise their awareness. 5.(2025·江苏南通·模拟预测)The boss made the workers work 12 hours a day. (改为被动语态) The workers were work 12 hours a day by the boss. ◇考点 03 主动结构表被动意义的情况 (1)open, lock, write, read, sell, clean, watch, cut, burn, drive等词作不及物动词时,它们的主语为物,可用主动语态表被动意义。如: This kind of pen writes very smoothly. (2)look, feel, sound, taste, smell等系动词用主动结构表被动意义。如: Mooncakes taste delicious. (3)be worth doing用主动形式表被动意义。如: This book is worth reading. (4)want/need/require+doing相当于want/need/require+to be done, to be done为不定式的被动结构。如: My bike needs repairing.=My bike needs to be repaired. (5)表示“发生”的happen或take place,无被动结构。如: The story happened on a cold night. ◇难点主动语态表被动含义 典例 (2022·甘肃天水·模拟预测)This storybook ________ well and it’s really worth ________. A.sells; to read B.is sold; reading C.has been sold; reading D.sells; reading 1.(2022·四川凉山·模拟预测)The tickets for Fantastic Beasts: The Secrets of Dumbledore _________ well, and they will _________soon. A.are sold; sell out B.are sold; be sold out C.sell; sell out D.sell; be sold out 2.(2025·黑龙江哈尔滨·模拟预测)Some of the apples are bad, but I believe the rest ________ sweet. A.are tasted B.taste C.tastes 3.(23-24九年级上·吉林松原·期末)Great changes ________ in our country in the past few years. A.have taken place B.took place C.will take place D.have been taken place 4.(2024·广东珠海·模拟预测)My 5G Huawei Mobile phone doesn’t work well now , and I think it needs________. A.to repair B.repairing C.being  repaired D.to be repairing 5.(2020·江苏扬州·模拟预测)—How do you like the poem ?    —It’s a bit too long, but anyway, it________well. A.reads B.is read C.is reading D.has read ◇题型 01 单项填空中的被动语态考查 典|例|精|析 典例1(2026·福建三明·一模)The 15th National Games ________ successfully in Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao from November 9th to 21st, 2025. A.held B.were held C.will be held 变|式|巩|固 变式1(2026·上海宝山·一模)Once the mess in the rooms ________, we can start moving in the new furniture. A.are cleaned out B.is cleaned out C.clean out D.cleans out 变式2 (2025·江苏·模拟预测)Some new schools ________ in the near future, which satisfies the citizens’ needs for more resources. A.were built B.are built C.will build D.will be built ◇题型 02 词语运用/所给词填空中的被动语态考查 典|例|精|析 典例2(2025·江苏·二模)The next Winter Olympic Games (hold) in Milan in 2026. 变|式|巩|固 变式1 (2025·西藏·一模)Mr Green (invite) to sing an English song at the party and he sang well. 变式2 (2025·江苏无锡·一模)The sports meeting they were looking forward to (hold) yesterday. ◇题型 03 语法选择的被动语态考查 典|例|精|析 典例3(2025·重庆·中考真题)Li Liang has always been interested in science since childhood. He’s good 1 solving problems in daily life. It is 2 dream to make people’s lives better. One night when he was 11, he 3 the news on TV with his parents. He heard that there were harmful chemicals (化学物质) left in the vegetables people ate in a village nearby. Parents and 4 were worried about their food safety. He couldn’t sleep that night 5 he kept thinking about the kids of his age who didn’t have safe vegetables. He decided 6 something to help. He spent over a year in researching and testing. Finally, a tool 7 by him. It could show results fast, so people would know 8 the food was safe. Now, as 9 college student, he gives public talks and holds science workshops (工作坊) to share his research methods. Through his 10 work, more and more students are following in his footsteps. 1.A.at B.to C.for 2.A.he B.his C.him 3.A.watch B.watches C.watched 4.A.kid B.kids C.kids’ 5.A.or B.but C.because 6.A.to do B.doing C.do 7.A.invented B.is invented C.was invented 8.A.what B.whether C.which 9.A.a B.an C.the 10.A.hard B.harder C.hardly ◇题型 04 语法填空中的被动语态考查 典|例|精|析 典例4(2025·山东青岛·中考真题)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 How Technology Helps Emperor Penguins With the development of science and technology, we have learned a lot about animals. Emperor penguins can grow up to 1.2 meters tall, and they are the 1 (large) of all the penguin kinds. In 2022, they were listed as endangered animals because the Antarctic sea ice that they live 2 is becoming smaller and smaller. Now scientists are using high technology to follow them and learn more about how 3 (protect) them. One of the 4 (way) researchers are able to do this is by looking at pictures taken by satellites above the Earth. Large groups of emperor penguins can be seen from space. When scientists first started using satellites to look at the penguins, there were only 28 groups. So far, scientists 5 (discover) 66 groups. Even using satellites, it is so difficult to count how many penguins live in different groups. Scientists can improve population estimates (估计) by watching the area’s weather 6 (careful). Measuring the wind speed and temperature can help predict if the penguins gather closely together or spread apart across the ice. If scientists know 7 the weather was like when the pictures were taken, they can estimate how many penguins are pictured. Scientists can also watch penguins’ movements by giving 8 (they) special electronic tags. A scanner 9 (carry) by a robot, and it can read information on the tags. The robot also uses AI to recognize the penguins. It moves very slowly so that it doesn’t make the birds stressed. Daniel, one of the penguin researchers, hopes the technology 10 (lead) us to a “golden age of research”. Thanks to technology, we are seeing more things that no one has ever seen before. 6 / 6 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $ 专题06 语法核心:动词时态与语态 目 录 第一部分 考情精析 锁定靶心 高效备考 第二部分 重难考点深解 深度溯源 扫清盲区 【考点01】一般现在时 【考点02】一般过去时 【考点03】一般将来时 【考点04】现在进行时 【考点05】过去进行时 【考点06】现在完成时 第三部分 解题思维优化 典例精析+方法提炼+变式巩固 【题型01】语法选择/单项填空中的动词时态考查 【题型02】词语运用/首字母填空中的动词时态考查 【题型03】完形填空的动词时态考查 【题型04】语法填空的动词时态考查 核心考向聚焦 常见动词时态(一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、现在完成时)的辨析与应用是考查重点,在各地中考中频繁出现,占语法类考题的20%-25%。其中一般过去时、现在完成时、一般将来时是高频热点,现在进行时作为基础贯穿各类题型;过去进行时、过去完成时的考查相对较少,但在语篇综合题中偶有涉及,相对比重较小。 关键能力与思维瓶颈 关键能力:掌握五大常见动词时态的核心规则、时间标志词,能根据语境和标志词准确判断时态,熟练运用各时态的谓语动词形式(尤其不规则动词过去式、过去分词);能清晰区分易混时态(如一般过去时与现在完成时、一般将来时与be going to结构),明确各时态的语义差异。需通过分类记忆、标志词梳理突破。熟练在语篇中灵活运用时态,结合主谓一致、语态,确保时态前后连贯,贴合语境逻辑。需强化语境适配与规则应用。 培优瓶颈:主要受中文思维干扰,中文无时态变化,导致忽略时态标志词、误用谓语动词形式;同时,时态规则记忆碎片化,不规则动词变化掌握不牢,易混时态(如现在完成时与一般过去时)辨析不清;在语篇综合题中,难以兼顾时态连贯与语境逻辑,易出现时态混用、前后矛盾的错误。需强化标志词判断、语境分析与归类记忆。 命题前瞻与备考策略 预测:2026年中考中,动词时态仍将以五大常见时态为核心,侧重在语篇(完形填空、语法填空、书面表达)中灵活考查,结合时态标志词和上下文语境判断时态。将更注重真实情境下的应用,重点考查易混时态辨析、不规则动词应用,以及时态与主谓一致、语态的综合运用。 策略:备考应放弃对孤立方程式的死记硬背,转向 “建模”与“应用” 。重点训练: 1. 紧扣真题,建立动词时态分类错题本(易混时态、标志词错误、不规则动词误用),强化在完形填空和语境中判断时态的能力,重点突破现在完成时与一般过去时的辨析易错点。 2. 熟记常见时态的时间标志词(如every day对应一般现在时、yesterday对应一般过去时),熟记高频不规则动词变化表,专项练习语篇类时态题型,并与书面表达结合训练,规范时态运用,避免隐性失分。 ◇考点 01 一般现在时 易|错|提|醒 一般现在时还用于一下几种情况 1.表示真理、客观存在、科学事实或用于格言警句中: Shanghai lies in the east of China. Where there is a will, there is a way. 2.表示现在瞬间的动作: Here comes the train! 3.表示将来 1) 表按规定、计划、安排将要发生的动作(仅限于某些表示“来、去、动、停、开始、结束、继续”等的趋向动词),可以与表示未来的时间状语搭配使用。常见的用法是:飞机、火车、轮船、汽车等定期定点运行的交通状况。如: The next bus leaves at 3 o’clock this afternoon. 2) 在时间和条件状语从句中常使用一般现在时表示将来发生的事情: When Lily comes , ask him to wait for me. If you are free today,come to my party. ◇难点一般现在时表将来 典例 (2025·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·三模)As soon as she ______ in Qiqihar, she will call you. A.arrives B.is arriving C.will arrive 【答案】A 【详解】句意:她一到齐齐哈尔,就会给你打电话。 考查时态。as soon as引导时间状语从句,遵循主将从现原则,从句用一般现在时,she作主语,谓语动词用三单形式。故选A。 1.(2025·四川成都·二模)My grandma ________ zongzi every Dragon Boat Festival and I like zongzi with beans best. A.makes B.will make C.has made 【答案】A 【详解】句意:我奶奶每个端午节都包粽子,我最喜欢豆沙粽。 考查动词时态辨析。根据题干中“every Dragon Boat Festival”可知是经常性或习惯性的动作,用一般现在时,主语“My grandma”是第三人称单数,谓语动词用三单形式makes。故选A。 2.(2025·北京平谷·一模)My grandma always ______ a walk to keep fit after dinner. A.took B.is taking C.takes D.take 【答案】C 【详解】句意:我的祖母总是在晚饭后散步来保持健康。 考查时态。根据“always”可知,饭后散步这一行为总是发生,表示经常性发生的动作,用一般现在时,且主语为“My grandma”,谓语动词用三单形式takes。故选C。 3.(2025·北京海淀·一模)Ella ________ at the library every Sunday. It’s near her home. A.studies B.studied C.has studied D.was studying 【答案】A 【详解】句意:Ella每周日在图书馆学习,它在她家附近。 考查一般现在时。由时间状语“every Sunday”可知时态是一般现在时,表示经常性的动作,主语是Ella,动词用三单形式。故选A。 4.(2024·甘肃武威·三模)A fantail goldfish ________ about four kilos. A.weigh B.weighs C.weighes D.weight 【答案】B 【详解】句意:一条扇尾金鱼重大约4公斤。 考查动词的三单形式。weigh称重,动词;weight重量,名词。分析句子结构可知,句中缺少谓语动词,排除D;且描述某人或某物的特征应用一般现在时,主语“A fantail goldfish ”为第三人称单数,故谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式,weigh的第三人称单数形式为weighs。故选B。 5.(2024·黑龙江绥化·中考真题)He ________ much healthier if he ________ enough exercise in his free time. A.is; take B.will be; takes C.will be; take 【答案】B 【详解】句意:如果他空闲时间做足够的锻炼,他会更健康。 考查时态。此句是if引导的条件状语从句,遵循“主将从现”原则,主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时。从句主语是he,动词用三单。故选B。 ◇考点 02 一般过去时 易|错|提|醒 表示过去经常或反复发生的动作,特别是used to do表达的句型,本身表示的就是过去常常。如: I used to do homework after school,but I am used to watching TV now. And I always use the pen to write. *注意 sb. used to do sth.(某人过去常常做某事,to do 是动词不定式) sb. be used to sth./doing sth.(某人习惯于某物/做某事,此处to是介词,后+doing) sth be used to do sth(某物被用来做某事) ◇难点根据语境确定时态 典例 (2025·黑龙江哈尔滨·二模)—Jack, when ________ you ________ this novel? —I have had it for five months. A.have; bought B.have; had C.did; buy 【答案】C 【详解】句意:——Jack,你什么时候买的这本小说?——我拥有它五个月了。 考查动词时态。根据“I have had it for five months.”可知,此处表示“拥有小说”这个状态持续了五个月,问句应该问的是什么时候买了小说,buy是短暂性动作,强调动作发生的时间,要用一般过去时,一般过去时的特殊疑问句结构为“特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其他”,第一空要用did,第二空要用buy。故选C。 1.(2026·上海嘉定·一模)Shenzhou 20 crew ________ successfully in good physical condition on Nov. 14, 2025. A.have landed B.had landed C.landed D.lands 【答案】C 【详解】句意:神舟二十号机组于2025年11月14日成功着陆,身体状况良好。 考查一般过去时。have landed已经着陆,现在完成时;had landed已经着陆了,过去完成时;landed着陆了,一般过去时;lands着陆,一般现在时。根据“on Nov.14, 2025”可知,这是一个具体的过去时间点,应使用一般过去时表示过去发生的动作。故选C。 2.(2025·江苏徐州·模拟预测)Xu Xiake more than 30 years travelling, mostly on foot, around China in the 17th century. A.spends B.spent C.has spent D.was spending 【答案】B 【详解】句意:17世纪时,徐霞客花了30多年的时间,大多靠步行游历中国。 考查动词时态。根据句中的时间状语“in the 17th century”可知,这是一个过去的时间点,句子要用一般过去时,谓语动词用过去式spent。故选B。 3.(2025·四川凉山·模拟预测)—Have you ever joined in the Torch Festival which is a traditional activity of the Yi people? —Yes, I ________ in it last year. It was really amazing! A.have joined B.joined C.had joined 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——你参加过彝族的传统活动火把节吗?——是的,我去年参加过。真的太令人惊叹了! 考查动词时态。根据时间状语“last year”可知,句子描述的是过去发生的动作,所以时态应用一般过去时,动词用过去式joined。故选B。 4.(2025·福建福州·三模)—Would you like to see the film Wandering Earth III with me? —Thank you! But it’s a pity that I ________ it last week. A.see B.saw C.have seen 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——你愿意和我一起看电影《流浪地球3》吗?——谢谢你!但很遗憾我上周看过了。 考查动词时态辨析。see一般现在时;saw一般过去时;have seen现在完成时。根据last week“上周”可知,时态为一般过去时标志词,题干时态为一般过去时,动词需用过去式。故选B。 5.(2025·黑龙江哈尔滨·模拟预测)The girl was happy that the homeless cat loved the food she ________ on the ground. A.lay B.lied C.laid 【答案】C 【详解】句意:这个女孩很高兴,因为那只流浪猫喜欢她放在地上的食物。 考查动词辨析和时态。lay放;lied撒谎;laid放置。根据“the food she...on the ground”可知,应是放在地上的食物,结合“was ”可知,时态是一般过去时,所以此处用“lay”的过去式是“laid”,故选C。 ◇考点 03 一般将来时 易|错|提|醒 一般将来时的几种句式结构辨析: 1) will / shall + 动词原形多用于表达主观愿望或必定会发生的事情(“将会如何”)*shall作助动词时一般只用于第一人称 2) be going to + 动词原形表示即将发生或打算要做的事: My parents are going to have a meeting tomorrow. 3) be to + 动词原形表示按计划或安排即将要发生的动作: We are to visit grandparents the day after tomorrow. 4)be about to + 动词原形表示即将发生的动作,意为“马上要做某事”,后面一般不跟时间状语,如: My sister are about to have a picnic soon. ◇难点will 与be going to 区别 典例 (2025·湖北武汉·一模)—When ________ the train ________? —In ten minutes. We need to hurry. A.will; arrive B.is; going to arrive C.does; arrive D.did; arrive 【答案】A 【详解】句意:——火车什么时候到?——十分钟后。我们得快点。 考查一般将来时。根据答语“In ten minutes.”可知,火车到达是将来发生的动作,应该使用一般将来时,其结构一为“will do”,表示客观现象,结构二为“be going to do”,表示事先计划。根据语境可知,火车到达时间一般是按照时刻表进行的,用will do更自然。故选A。 1.(2026·上海浦东新·一模)Please line up over there and the tour ________ in five minutes. A.begin B.begins C.began D.will begin 【答案】D 【详解】句意:请在那里排队,游览将在五分钟后开始。 考查一般将来时。根据“Please line up over there”和时间状语in five minutes可知,先排队,后参观,说明参观这一动作尚未发生,需用一般将来时,其谓语结构为will+动词原形。故选D。 2.(2025·福建厦门·模拟预测)—Shall we go to the museum tomorrow? —I’d love to, but I’m afraid I can’t. I ________ my grandparents. A.visit B.visited C.will visit 【答案】C 【详解】句意:——我们明天去博物馆好吗?——我很乐意去,但恐怕不行。我要去看望我的祖父母。 考查动词时态。根据上文“Shall we go to the museum tomorrow?”可知,此处是明天去看望我的祖父母,用一般将来时,其结构是will+动词原形。故选C。 3.(2025·黑龙江绥化·模拟预测)Unless it ________ sunny tomorrow, I ________ fishing in People’s Park. A.will be; will go B.is; won’t go C.will be; go 【答案】B 【详解】句意:除非明天是晴天,否则我不会去人民公园钓鱼。 考查条件状语从句的主将从现。unless引导的条件状语从句遵循“主将从现”原则,主句采用一般将来时,从句采用一般现在时。故选B。 4.(2025·安徽合肥·三模)—I can’t open the door. My hands are full. Would you please help me? —OK. I ________ it for you. A.opened B.will open C.open D.was opening 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——我打不开门。我双手都拿着东西。你能帮帮我吗?——好的。我来为你开门。 考查一般将来时。结合语境可知,本句要表达的是“我来为你开门”,时态是一般将来时,应使用“will+动词原形”构成一般将来时,表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态。故选B。 5.(2025·北京西城·一模)Wait a moment, please. The party ______ after everyone arrives. A.starts B.will start C.has started D.started 【答案】B 【详解】句意:请等一会儿。大家到达后晚会将开始。 考查时态。starts开始,一般现在时;will start将开始,一般将来时;has started已开始,现在完成时;started开始,一般过去时。根据“Wait a moment, please.”和“after everyone arrives”可知,应用一般将来时。故选B。 ◇考点 04 现在进行时 易|错|提|醒 现在进行时还用于以下2种情况 1.表示反复出现或习惯性的动作,往往包含说话者赞扬、责备、厌恶等情绪,通常与constantly, continually, forever等频度副词连用。如: John is continually asking stupid questions. 2. 表示按计划、安排将要发生的动作,仅适用于部分趋向动词(如go, come, leave, start, arrive等)。如: My aunt is leaving for Beijing. ◇难点进行时表将来 典例(2026·福建三明·一模)Miss Lin ________ to Shanghai on business tomorrow. A.flies B.flew C.is flying 【答案】C 【详解】句意:林小姐明天要飞往上海出差。 考查动词时态。flies(一般现在时,表示经常性动作或事实);flew(一般过去时,表示过去发生的动作);is flying(现在进行时,可表示将来计划或安排好的动作)。根据时间状语“tomorrow”可知,动作发生在将来,且fly在此表示按计划即将发生的动作,英语中常用现在进行时表示将来。故选C。 1.(2026·上海普陀·一模)—What’s so funny, Jack? —I ________ some interesting videos about animals. Come and join me. A.am watching B.watched C.will watch D.watch 【答案】A 【详解】句意:——杰克,什么事这么好笑?——我正在看一些关于动物的有趣视频。过来和我一起看吧。 考查动词时态。根据问句“What’s so funny?”以及回答中“Come and join me.”可知,说话时杰克正在看视频,时态需用现在进行时,其结构为“is/am/are+现在分词”;主语为“I”,be动词应用am,watch的现在分词为watching。故选A。 2.(2025·安徽滁州·三模)—Don’t make so much noise. Grandma ________. —OK, no problem. A.sleeps B.will sleep C.is sleeping D.was sleeping 【答案】C 【详解】句意:——别那么吵。奶奶正在睡觉。——好的,没问题。 考查动词时态。根据“Don’t make so much noise.”可知,此处暗含奶奶睡觉的动作正在进行,应用现在进行时。故选C。 3.(2025·甘肃陇南·模拟预测)Look! The man ________ to the radio. A.is listening B.listens C.listened D.will listen 【答案】A 【详解】句意:看!那个男人正在听音乐。 考查动词时态。句子中“Look”意为“看”,暗示的是一个正在进行的动作,应用现在进行时,其结构为be动词+动词的现在分词。故选A。 4.(2025·四川成都·三模)—Listen! Some singers ________ My Homeland. —Yes. They express their love for their country with their beautiful voices. A.sang B.are singing C.sing 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——听!一些歌唱家正在演唱《我的祖国》。——对。他们用美丽的声音表达了对中国的爱。 考查动词时态。根据“Listen!”可知,此处表示现在正在进行的动作,应用现在进行时,其结构为be动词+动词的现在分词形式。故选B。 5.(2025·北京丰台·一模)—You look busy, Bob. What are you doing these days? —Oh, I ________ for the coming writing competition. A.prepare B.will prepare C.prepared D.am preparing 【答案】D 【详解】句意:——你看起来很忙,Bob。最近在忙什么?——哦,我正在为即将到来的写作比赛做准备。 考查现在进行时的用法。根据问句“What are you doing these days?”可知,答语应表示当前正在进行的动作,需用现在进行时(am/is/are + doing)。故选D。 ◇考点 05 过去进行时 易|错|提|醒 过去进行时还用于: 1.表示过去反复出现或习惯性的动作,往往包含说话者赞扬、责备、厌恶等情绪,通常与constantly, continually, forever等频度副词连用。如: My brother was constantly losing his keys. 2.表示按计划、安排过去某时刻将要发生的动作,仅适用于部分趋向动词(如go, come, leave, start, arrive等)。如: He said he was leaving for Beijing this afternoon. 3.过去进行时有一个主要用法就是描述一件事情发生的背景(一个长动作延续的时候,另一个短动作发生): I fell asleep when I was reading. It was raining when she left home. ◇难点when 与while的区别 典例(2025·北京东城·二模)While I ________ my bedroom yesterday, I found my old toys. A.cleaned B.was cleaning C.clean D.have cleaned 【答案】B 【详解】句意:昨天我打扫卧室时,发现了我的旧玩具。 考查过去进行时。根据题干可知,此处表示两个动作同时发生,强调一个动作(从句动作)正在进行时,另一个动作(主句动作)发生;空处属于从句动作,根据主句“I found my old toys”可知,主句时态是一般过去时,所以空处表示过去正在进行的动作,应用过去进行时。故选B。 1.(2026·上海宝山·一模)A: Did you notice the bird come in? B: No, I didn’t because I ________ my homework. A.am doing B.was doing C.have done D.had done 【答案】B 【详解】句意:A:你注意到那只鸟飞进来了吗?B:没有,因为我在做作业。 考查时态。am doing现在进行时;was doing过去进行时;have done现在完成时;had done过去完成时。根据问句“Did you notice...”可知对话谈论的是过去发生的事情,而“没注意到鸟飞进来”是因为当时“正在做作业”,强调过去某个时间点正在进行的动作,应用过去进行时。故选B。 2.(2025·江西景德镇·三模)—I didn’t see you at the party last night. —Oh, I ________ my grandparents in the countryside. They were ill. A.am visiting B.visit C.will visit D.was visiting 【答案】D 【详解】句意:——昨晚在派对上我没看到你。——哦,我正在乡下看望我的祖父母。他们病了。 考查时态。根据“last night”可知答句也用过去时态,此处强调过去某一时段正在进行的动作,故用过去进行时。故选D。 3.(2025·福建宁德·模拟预测)—Hey, you didn’t come to the party last night. —Oh, I ______ for the coming exam at that time. A.am preparing B.was preparing C.have prepared 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——嗨,你昨晚没来派对。——哦,那个时候我正在准备将要到来的考试。 考查过去进行时。am preparing准备,现在进行时;was preparing准备,过去进行时;have prepared准备,现在完成时。根据“last night”、“at that time”和句意可知,那个时候正在准备将要到来的考试,此处应用过去进行时,故选B。 4.(2024·江苏常州·一模)—Has our son finished his homework yet? —I don’t know, but he ________ it the whole afternoon. A.was doing B.did C.has done D.will do 【答案】A 【详解】句意:——咱们儿子完成作业了吗? ——我不知道,但他整个下午都在做这事。 考查动词时态。根据“the whole afternoon”及语境可知,此处强调过去某一段时间一直在做某事,应用过去进行时,其结构为“was/were doing”,主语为he,be动词应用was。故选A。 5.(2025·海南·模拟预测)I ________ a report when the light suddenly went out. A.was writing B.am writing C.wrote 【答案】A 【详解】句意:当灯突然熄灭时,我正在写报告。 考查动词时态。句子中“when the light suddenly went out”表示一个过去的具体时间点,主句需用过去进行时强调该时间点正在进行的动作。was writing正在写,过去进行时;am writing正在写,现在进行时;wrote写,一般过去时。故选A。 ◇考点 06 现在完成时 易|错|提|醒 (1)现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 ①现在完成时与一般过去时都表示过去的动作,但现在完成时强调这一动作对现在产生的影响或结果,而一般过去时则只表示过去的事实。 ②现在完成时不能和表示过去的时间状语连用,而一般过去时可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。 如:I haven't seen her these days.;I saw her this morning. (2)常用现在完成时的固定句型 ①This/It is/was the+形容词最高级+n.+that…结构, that从句中要用现在完成时。 如:This is the most interesting film that I have seen. ②It is/has been+时间段+since…。 如:It is/has been 5 years since we last met. ③一段时间+现在完成时+since时间状语从句。 如:Two years has passed since I came here. (3)常见非延续性动词与延续性动词的转化 open→be open close→be closed become→be begin/start→be on marry→be married borrow→keep leave→be away (from) go to→be in buy→have die→be dead join→be in finish→be over come back→be back wake up→be awake fall asleep→be asleep ◇难点非延续性动词与延续性动词 典例(2025·黑龙江大庆·三模)—How long is it since he ________ his hometown? —He ________ for nearly 10 years. A.left; left B.has left; has left C.has left; has been away D.left; has been away 【答案】D 【详解】句意:——他离开家乡多久了?——他离开近10年了。 考查动词时态。第一空:“since”引导时间状语从句时,主句用现在完成时,从句用一般过去时,故填left;第二空:“for nearly 10 years”表示持续的时间段,需用现在完成时的延续性动词结构,has been away符合语境,而“has left”是瞬间动词不能接时间段。故选D。 1.(2026·上海徐汇·一模)Up to now, the staff ________ to catch the monkey that escaped from the zoo yet. A.didn’t manage B.won’t manage C.haven’t managed D.don’t manage 【答案】C 【详解】句意:到目前为止,工作人员还没有抓住那只从动物园逃走的猴子。 考查动词时态。根据“Up to now”可知,句子时态是现在完成时,其结构是“have/has done”,结合“yet”可知,句子是否定句,主语“the staff”是集合名词,表示复数,所以助动词用haven’t,manage的过去分词是managed。故选C。 2.(2025·黑龙江哈尔滨·模拟预测)Great changes ________ in our town during the past 10 years, making it more lively and popular. A.took place B.are taking place C.have taken place 【答案】C 【详解】句意:在过去十年里,我们镇发生了巨大的变化,让它变得更热闹、更受欢迎。 考查现在完成时。根据“during the past 10 years”以及“making it more lively and popular”可知,此处强调过去十年里发生的变化,对现在造成的影响,应用现在完成时,C项符合。故选C。 3.(2026·上海宝山·一模)Our class planted a tree in the school last month. Ever since, we ________ turns to water it. A.have taken B.take C.will take D.took 【答案】A 【详解】句意:我们班上个月在学校种了一棵树。从那以后,我们一直轮流给它浇水。 考查现在完成时。根据时间状语“Ever since”可知,动作从过去持续到现在,应用现在完成时。故选A。 4.(2025·安徽·模拟预测)—Wow! There are thousands of old coins in your house. —My grandpa is a big fan of them. He ________over 4,000 old coins and he is still doing it. A.will collect B.was collecting C.is collecting D.has collected 【答案】D 【详解】句意:—— 哇!你家里有数千枚古币。—— 我爷爷是它们的超级爱好者。他已经收集了 4000 多枚古币,而且还在继续收集。 考查动词时态辨析。will collect一般将来时,表示尚未发生的动作;was collecting过去进行时,表示过去某时刻正在进行的动作;is collecting现在进行时,表示当下正在进行的动作;has collected现在完成时,表示动作从过去持续到现在并产生影响。根据“He ...over 4,000 old coins and he is still doing it.”可知,已经收集了 4000 多枚古币,而且还在继续收集,符合 “完成 + 持续” 的双重语境。故选D。 5.(2025·黑龙江佳木斯·三模)The old man _______ for ten years. A.died B.has died C.has been dead D.has been died 【答案】C 【详解】句意:这位老人已经去世十年了。 考查动词时态。根据“for ten years”可知,句子时态应用现在完成时,其结构为have/has done,排除A;die是短暂性动词,不能与延续性时间连用,要转化为延续性动词“be dead”;主语“The old man” 是第三人称单数,助动词应用has,即has been dead。故选C。 ◇题型 01 单项填空中的动词时态考查 典|例|精|析 典例1(2025·西藏拉萨·一模)—Wow! You have a ticket to the Asian Cup! —My uncle bought it for me. He ________ the ticket for three days. A.has bought B.had bought C.has had D.had had 【答案】C 【详解】句意:——哇!你有一张亚洲杯的门票!——我叔叔给我买的。他买这张票已经三天了。 考查现在完成时。根据“You have a ticket to the Asian Cup!”及“for three days”可知,时态为现在完成时,且动词用延续性动词,bought是短暂性动词,应改为对应的延续性动词had;该句主语是He,所以该句谓语的结构为:has+过去分词。故选C。 方|法|提|炼 1.抓住时间标志词,锁定时态范围,规避标志陷阱:动词时态的选择核心是时间标志词,不同时态对应固定的时间标志(如一般现在时对应every day、usually,一般过去时对应yesterday、last week,现在完成时对应already、for+时间段)。做题时先圈画题干中的时间标志词,根据标志词直接锁定对应时态,若选项时态与标志词不匹配,直接排除;仅特殊情况(如语境隐含时间、标志词不明显)需结合语义判断,需单独记忆高频标志词及对应时态。 2.区分易混时态差异,避免用法混淆:当选项同时出现易混时态(如一般过去时与现在完成时、一般将来时与be going to结构)时,根据时态核心用法判断:一般过去时表过去某个具体时间的动作(无延续/影响),现在完成时表过去动作对现在的影响(有延续/结果);一般将来时表客观计划,be going to表主观打算。若题干强调“过去动作对现在的影响”,排除一般过去时选项;若强调“主观打算”,排除一般将来时(will do)选项。 3.结合语境逻辑,验证时态合理性:若剩余选项难区分(无明显标志词、易混时态辨析不清),结合题干语义和动作逻辑判断:如“ He ______ the book for 3 years. ”(他拥有这本书3年了),根据“for 3 years”表延续,确定用现在完成时(has had),而非一般过去时(bought);再如“ Look! They ______ football. ”(看!他们正在踢足球),根据“Look!”表正在进行的动作,确定用现在进行时。结合语境验证动作的时间状态,排除语义矛盾的选项。 变|式|巩|固 变式1 (2025·黑龙江绥化·二模)—When did you ________? —I’ve ________ for two months. A.get married; been married B.get married; married C.get married; gotten married 【答案】A 【详解】句意:——你什么时候结的婚?——我已经结婚两个月了。 考查现在完成时。第一空位于助动词did后,动词用原形;根据“for two months”可知,第二空强调持续状态,需用现在完成时的延续性表达have been married,married是形容词表状态。故选A。 变式2 (2024·河北承德·一模)I ________ Lily’s dictionary for one week. I need to return it to her next Friday. A.borrowed B.have borrowed C.have kept D.kept 【答案】C 【详解】句意:莉莉的字典我已经借了一个星期了。我需要在下周五还给她。 考查现在完成时和延续性动词。borrow借入(非延续动词);keep保有(延续性动词)。“for+一段时间”常与现在完成时连用,谓语动词要用延续性动词。故选C。 ◇题型 02 词语运用/所给词填空中的动词时态考查 典|例|精|析 典例2(2025·甘肃张掖·三模)When I saw Tom yesterday, he (help) an old man cross the road. 【答案】was helping 【详解】句意:昨天我看到Tom时,他正在帮助一位老人过马路。根据“When I saw Tom yesterday”可知,昨天那个时候Tom正在帮助一位老人过马路,应用过去进行时(was/were doing),主语是he,故填was helping。 方|法|提|练 步骤1:判断时态类型 根据题干中的时间标志词或上下文语境,确定句子所需的时态。 例:• 标志词every day/usually → 一般现在时(如:He usually plays basketball. 所给词play→plays)• 标志词yesterday/last night → 一般过去时(如:She watched TV last night. 所给词watch→watched)• 标志词for+时间段/already → 现在完成时(如:I have finished my homework. 所给词finish→have finished) 步骤2:确定动词适当形式 根据判断出的时态,结合主语人称和数,确定动词的正确形式。 • 形式规则: 1. 一般现在时:主语是第三人称单数,动词加s/es(如play→plays、do→does);主语是复数/第一、二人称,动词用原形。 例:He often reads books.(所给词read→reads,主语He是三单);They often read books.(所给词read→read,主语They是复数) 2. 一般过去时:无论主语人称和数,动词均用过去式(规则变化加ed,不规则变化需记忆)。 例:She went to school yesterday.(所给词go→went,不规则变化);We played football last week.(所给词play→played,规则变化) 3. 现在进行时:be动词(am/is/are)+动词ing形式(去e加ing、双写末尾辅音加ing等)。 例:Look! They are running.(所给词run→running,双写末尾辅音) 4. 现在完成时:have/has+动词过去分词(规则变化加ed,不规则变化需记忆)。 例:He has eaten breakfast.(所给词eat→eaten,不规则变化);They have lived here for 5 years.(所给词live→lived,规则变化) 步骤3:验证逻辑合理性 “时态+动词形式”的搭配,本质是贴合题干的时间语境和动作逻辑,需确保动词形式与时态、主语一致,语义通顺。 例:• He ______ (work) in a factory for 10 years. 所给词work→has worked(现在完成时,for 10 years表延续,主语He用has,work的过去分词是worked),语义“他在一家工厂工作了10年”通顺。• They ______ (visit) the Great Wall tomorrow. 所给词visit→will visit(一般将来时,tomorrow表将来,动词用will+原形),语义“他们明天将参观长城”通顺。 变|式|巩|固 变式1 (2025·西藏·一模)We (not see) each other since we met at that party. 【答案】haven’t seen 【详解】句意:自从我们在那次聚会上见面后就再没有见过彼此。根据“since…”可知主句应用现在完成时“主语+have/has+动词的过去分词”,主语是“We”,助动词应用“have”,动词变为过去分词“seen”,所给词中有“not”,此句应变为否定句,在“have”后加“not”,缩写为“haven’t”。故填haven’t seen。 变式2(2025·江苏南京·一模)Life is a book and there are still many pages I (not read) yet. 【答案】haven’t read 【详解】句意:生活就像一本书,还有很多页我还未读完。根据“I...yet”可知,时态为现在完成时,结构为have/has + 过去分词,read”的过去分词仍为“read”,因为“未读完”这个动作还未完成,因此在助动词“have”后加“not”缩写为“haven’t”,主语为I,故填haven’t read。    ◇题型 03 语法选择的动词时态考查 典|例|精|析 典例3(2025·广东·中考真题)Lily works as a main cook in a famous restaurant. It was her mom who guided her into the world of cooking. When she was a little girl, Lily spent a lot of time with mom in the kitchen. She remembered that she would always sit there 1 watch mom cooking. She was curious about 2 mom was busy with. When she was older, she 3 to do easy tasks like beating eggs. Later on, while mom was making dumplings, Lily would help cut vegetables 4 a small knife. She also learned how to make dumplings of 5 shapes. To a girl of her age, cooking was real magic. As Lily grew up, she learned more about food and tried cooking 6 dishes than before. After finishing college, she decided 7 in a restaurant. With wild imagination, she came up with many new ideas and started to create 8 own dishes. So far, she 9 many dishes with special tastes. All these dishes are popular with customers. Today, the kitchen is still a place for Lily and mom to have 10 fun together. Every time before a family dinner party, they will cooperate to plan a menu. Cooking has kept their mother-daughter relationship strong. 1.A.or B.and C.but 2.A.what B.that C.whether 3.A.is allowed B.was allowed C.was allowing 4.A.by B.for C.with 5.A.different B.difference C.differently 6.A.difficult B.more difficult C.the most difficult 7.A.work B.working C.to work 8.A.her B.hers C.herself 9.A.invents B.will invent C.has invented 10.A./ B.a C.the 【答案】 1.B 2.A 3.B 4.C 5.A 6.B 7.C 8.A 9.C 10.A 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了莉莉在母亲引导下走上烹饪之路,并最终成为一名出色厨师的故事。 1.句意:她记得自己总是坐在那里看妈妈做饭。 or或者;and和,并且;but但是。根据“sit there”和“watch Mom cooking”可知,前后两个动作是顺承关系,用and连接。故选B。 2.句意:她对妈妈在忙什么感到好奇。 what什么;that那个;whether是否。根据“She was curious about...Mom was busy with.”可知,此处指对妈妈在忙什么感到好奇,用what引导宾语从句,并在从句中作宾语。故选A。 3.句意:当她长大一点时,她被允许做一些简单的任务,比如打鸡蛋。 is allowed被允许,一般现在时的被动语态;was allowed被允许,一般过去时的被动语态;was allowing允许,过去进行时。根据“When she was older”可知,时态是一般过去时,主语she和动词allow之间是被动关系,用一般过去时的被动语态。故选B。 4.句意:后来,当妈妈包饺子时,莉莉会用小刀帮忙切菜。 by通过;for为了;with用。根据“Lily would help cut vegetables...a small knife”可知,此处指用小刀切菜,用介词with。故选C。 5.句意:她还学会了如何包不同形状的饺子。 different不同的,形容词;difference不同,名词;differently不同地,副词。根据“shapes”可知,此处用形容词different修饰名词shapes,表示“不同形状的饺子”。故选A。 6.句意:随着莉莉的成长,她对食物有了更多的了解,并尝试烹饪比以前更难的菜肴。 difficult困难的;more difficult更困难的;the most difficult最困难的。根据“than before”可知,此处用比较级more difficult。故选B。 7.句意:大学毕业后,她决定在一家餐馆工作。 work工作,动词原形;working工作,动名词或现在分词;to work工作,动词不定式。decide to do sth.“决定做某事”,用动词不定式作宾语。故选C。 8.句意:她有着丰富的想象力,想出了许多新点子,并开始创作自己的菜肴。 her她的,形容词性物主代词;hers她的,名词性物主代词;herself她自己,反身代词。根据“own dishes”可知,此处用形容词性物主代词her修饰名词dishes,表示“她自己的菜肴”。故选A。 9.句意:到目前为止,她已经发明了许多味道特别的菜肴。 invents发明,一般现在时;will invent将发明,一般将来时;has invented已经发明,现在完成时。根据“So far”可知,时态是现在完成时,用has invented。故选C。 10. 句意:今天,厨房仍然是莉莉和妈妈一起享受乐趣的地方。 /不填;a一个,不定冠词;the这个,定冠词。have fun“玩得开心,享受乐趣”,动词短语,中间不加冠词。故选A。 方|法|提|练 一、 解题核心逻辑 1. 语境优先,定位时态的“时间呼应” • 核心原则:动词时态的选择90%以上都能在上下文找到直接时间线索或动作逻辑线索,完形填空的时态需贴合全文故事背景和动作发展顺序。 • 操作方法: 1. 向前找:空格前的时间标志词(如every day, yesterday, already)、动作描述(如Look, Listen)会提示时态类型。 2. 向后找:空格后的动作、时间状语从句或转折连词(but, so)会暗示动作的先后顺序和时态关系。 3. 全段找:关注全文的“时态基调”(如故事类完形多为一般过去时,说明类完形多为一般现在时),以及动词的“时态复现”(前后文动作时态保持一致),这是中考完形填空时态考查最常见的考点。 • 示例:本文第5空 He ______ (walk) along the street when he saw a cat,前文全段均用一般过去时(saw, went等),时态基调为一般过去时,且when引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时,主句动作同步发生,故此处应填was walking,这就是典型的“时态基调呼应”。 2. 语法辅助,判断时态的“形式与一致” • 时态形式判断: ◦ 若确定为一般现在时,主语是第三人称单数,动词需用三单形式(如play→plays);主语为复数或第一、二人称,动词用原形。 ◦ 若确定为一般过去时,无论主语人称和数,动词均用过去式(规则变化加ed,不规则变化需记忆)。 ◦ 若确定为现在完成时,需用have/has+动词过去分词,主语三单用has,其余用have。 • 主谓一致判断: ◦ 时态形式需与主语的人称和数保持一致,如主语是He(三单),一般现在时用plays,现在完成时用has played,避免出现“主语三单+动词原形”的错误。 3. 逻辑验证,确保时态的“连贯合理” • 固定搭配:积累常见的时态相关固定搭配,如be going to do(一般将来时,表打算)、have been to(现在完成时,表去过某地)、was/were doing(过去进行时,表过去正在做某事)。 • 逻辑搭配:确保所选时态符合动作发展逻辑和生活场景,如“看到猫”(saw)是瞬间动作,“沿着街走”(was walking)是持续动作,用过去进行时符合“正在做某事时发生另一件事”的逻辑;再如“for 3 years”搭配现在完成时,符合“动作延续”的逻辑。 二、 实战解题步骤 1. 通读全文,标记时态线索 快速浏览全文,圈出所有出现的时间标志词(如yesterday, now, for 5 years, tomorrow)和动词(尤其是谓语动词),确定全文的“时态基调”(如一般过去时、一般现在时),建立“时态库”,为后续空格判断做准备。 2. 逐空分析,锁定时态依据 对每个动词空格,先看前后文是否有时态线索或时态复现,结合动作逻辑判断时态:例如: ◦ 第3空 She ______ (like) reading books since she was a child:后文出现since she was a child(现在完成时标志),且主语She是三单,故填has liked。 ◦ 第7空 They ______ (play) football when the rain started:前文started是一般过去时,when引导的从句用一般过去时,主句表“正在做某事”,故填were playing。 3. 语法检查,确认时态形式 填完答案后,回头检查动词的时态形式是否正确: ◦ 一般现在时,主语是三单,动词是否用了三单形式(如likes而非like)。 ◦ 一般过去时,动词是否用了正确的过去式(如went而非go,played而非play)。 ◦ 现在完成时,是否用了have/has+过去分词(如has liked而非liked),主谓是否一致。 4. 代入验证,通读全文流畅性 将所有动词答案填入空格,完整读一遍,确保: ◦ 动词时态与前后文的时间线索、动作逻辑一致,无时态矛盾(如前文用一般过去时,空格不可用一般现在时,除非有特殊时间标志)。 ◦ 动词形式与主语人称、数一致,固定搭配正确,整个故事的动作发展连贯、合理。 ◇题型 04 语法填空中的动词时态考查 典|例|精|析 典例4(2025·黑龙江大庆·中考真题)Fill in each blank with a proper form of the word given or a proper word. Hi, my young friends! I am Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway. Here I am writing to share my story with you. I was born in 1909. I am 116 years old now. My 1 (build) was Zhan Tianyou, a brave and smart man. He believed China should build its own railway 2 other countries’ help. So he built me, China’s first self-built railway. At first, my trains used steam (蒸汽).Their top speed was only 35 km/h. Then, the trains 3 (start) to use diesel (柴油). Later, there were even better trains that used electricity. It took 4 (simple) three hours to finish the trip. In 2020, the new high-speed railway opened on December 30. I was so 5 (please). People only needed to spend 47 minutes 6 (travel) from Beijing to Zhangjiakou. During the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics, Beijing and Zhangjiakou, the two host 7 (city) for the event, welcomed lots of people from around the world. The railway played 8 important role. Although I am too old 9 (keep) working these days, people will keep me as part of history. I am a little sad, 10 still proud of all the achievements that China has made in the past few years. Zhan Tianyou must be proud, too. 【答案】 1.builder 2.without 3.started 4.simply 5.pleased 6.travelling/traveling 7.cities 8.an 9.to keep 10.but 【解析】本文以北京——张家口铁路的口吻介绍一些信息。 1.句意:我的建造者是詹天佑,他是一位勇敢且聪明的人。根据“My...was Zhan Tianyou”和常识可知,詹天佑是该铁路的建造者,builder“建造者”,根据“was”可知,空处使用名词单数形式。故填builder。 2.句意:他认为中国应该在没有其他国家帮助的情况下独立修建自己的铁路。根据“He believed China should build its own railway...other countries’ help.”可知,他认为中国应该在没有其他国家帮助的情况下独立修建自己的铁路,without“没有”符合语境。故填without。 3.句意:随后,火车开始使用柴油作为动力。本句时态是一般过去时,动词用过去式。故填started。 4.句意:整个旅程只需三个小时就能完成。此处在句中修饰动词,用副词simply。故填simply。 5.句意:我非常高兴。此处在句中作表语,修饰人,pleased“高兴的”符合语境。故填pleased。 6.句意:人们从北京到张家口只需花费47分钟。spend time doing sth“花时间做某事”。故填travelling/traveling。 7.句意:在2022年北京冬奥会期间,作为此次赛事的两个主办城市,北京和张家口迎来了众多来自世界各地的游客。“two”修饰可数名词复数,故填cities。 8.句意:这条铁路发挥了重要作用。play an important role“起重要作用”,固定短语。故填an。 9.句意:虽然如今我年纪太大,无法再继续工作了,但人们仍将我铭记于心,将我视为历史的一部分。根据“Although I am too old...working these days”可知,此处是too...to...“太……而不能”。故填to keep。 10.句意:我感到有些难过,但同时也很为中国的过去几年所取得的成就感到骄傲。前后两句构成转折关系,用but连接。故填but。 方|法|提|练 步骤1:判断时态类型 根据题干中的时间标志词、上下文语境或句子逻辑,确定空格所需的动词时态。 例:• 标志词every day/usually/often → 一般现在时(如:He usually ______ (play) basketball. 确定时态为一般现在时)• 标志词yesterday/last week/just now → 一般过去时(如:She ______ (watch) TV last night. 确定时态为一般过去时)• 标志词for+时间段/since/already → 现在完成时(如:I ______ (finish) my homework. 确定时态为现在完成时)• 标志词Look/Listen/now → 现在进行时(如:They ______ (run) on the playground. 确定时态为现在进行时) 步骤2:确定动词适当形式 根据判断出的时态,结合主语的人称和数,遵循对应时态的动词变化规则,确定动词的正确形式。 • 变化规则: 1. 一般现在时:主语是第三人称单数(he/she/it/单数名词等),动词加s/es(play→plays、do→does、go→goes);主语是复数、第一人称(I/we)、第二人称(you),动词用原形。 例:He often ______ (read) books.(read→reads,主语He是三单);They often ______ (read) books.(read→read,主语They是复数) 2. 一般过去时:无论主语人称和数,动词均用过去式(规则变化加ed,不规则变化需记忆)。 例:She ______ (go) to school yesterday.(go→went,不规则变化);We ______ (play) football last week.(play→played,规则变化) 3. 现在完成时:主语是第三人称单数,用has+动词过去分词;主语是复数、第一/二人称,用have+动词过去分词(规则变化加ed,不规则变化需记忆)。 例:He ______ (eat) breakfast.(eat→eaten,has+过去分词);They ______ (live) here for 5 years.(live→lived,have+过去分词) 4. 现在进行时:主语是I用am,you/复数用are,he/she/it/单数名词用is,搭配动词ing形式(去e加ing、双写末尾辅音加ing)。 例:Look! They ______ (run).(run→running,are+ing) 步骤3:验证逻辑合理性 “时态+动词形式”的搭配,本质是贴合题干的时间语境和动作逻辑,需确保动词形式与时态、主语人称数一致,且语义通顺、符合上下文逻辑。 例:• He ______ (work) in a factory for 10 years.(work→has worked,现在完成时,for 10 years表动作延续,主语He用has,语义“他在一家工厂工作了10年”通顺)• They ______ (visit) the Great Wall tomorrow.(visit→will visit,一般将来时,tomorrow表将来,语义“他们明天将参观长城”通顺) 动词语态 目 录 第一部分 考情精析 锁定靶心 高效备考 第二部分 重难考点深解 深度溯源 扫清盲区 【考点01】被动语态的结构 【考点02】主动语态变被动语态的方法 【考点03】主动结构表被动意义的情况 第三部分 解题思维优化 典例精析+方法提炼+变式巩固 【题型01】语法选择/单项填空中的被动语态考查 【题型02】词语运用/所给词填空中的被动语态考查 【题型03】完形填空的动词被动语态考查 【题型04】语法填空的被动语态考查 核心考向聚焦 常见时态的被动语态(一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时)的结构与应用是考查重点,在各地中考中频繁出现,占语法类考题的15%-20%。其中一般现在时、一般过去时的被动语态是高频热点,一般将来时、现在完成时的被动语态考查频次次之;情态动词的被动语态、主动表被动的特殊用法也有涉及,但相对比重较小。 关键能力与思维瓶颈 关键能力:掌握常见时态被动语态的核心结构(be+过去分词),熟记高频不规则动词的过去分词,能根据语境和时态标志词准确判断被动语态的形式;能清晰区分主动语态与被动语态的用法场景,明确被动语态的适用条件(动作承受者作主语)。需通过结构归类、记忆突破。熟练运用情态动词被动语态(can/may/must be+过去分词),掌握主动表被动的特殊结构(如系动词、固定搭配),能在语境中灵活转换主动与被动语态。需强化应用规则与语境判断。 培优瓶颈:主要受中文思维干扰,中文无被动语态结构,导致忽略动作承受者作主语的语境,误用主动语态;同时,被动语态结构记忆碎片化,不规则动词过去分词掌握不牢,易混淆不同时态被动语态的be动词形式;在语篇综合题中,难以结合时态、主谓一致判断被动语态,易出现结构错误、时态矛盾等问题。需强化语境判断、结构记忆与归类应用。 命题前瞻与备考策略 预测:2026年中考中,被动语态仍将以常见时态被动结构为核心,侧重在语篇(完形填空、语法填空、书面表达)中灵活考查,结合时态标志词和上下文语境判断被动语态的形式。将更注重真实情境下的应用,重点考查一般现在时、一般过去时被动语态的应用,以及情态动词被动语态、主动表被动的特殊用法 策略:备考应放弃对孤立方程式的死记硬背,转向 “建模”与“应用” 。重点训练: 1. 紧扣真题,建立被动语态分类错题本(时态结构错误、不规则过去分词误用、主动被动混淆),强化在完形填空和语境中判断被动语态的能力,重点突破不同时态被动结构的辨析易错点。 2. 熟记常见时态被动语态结构、高频不规则动词过去分词,专项练习情态动词被动、主动表被动题型,并与书面表达结合训练,规范被动语态的用法,避免隐性失分 ◇考点 01 被动语态的结构 被动语态的基本结构是“主语(动作的承受者)+系动词be+及物动词的过去分词”。被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化通过系动词be的变化来体现。常见的被动语态结构如下: 时态 结构 例句 一般现在时 am/is/are+done The classroom is cleaned by us every day. 主动语态:We clean the classroom every day. 一般过去时 was/were+done A new pen was given to her by her mother. 主动语态:Her mother gave her a new pen. 一般将来时 will/shall/be go to+be+done Trees will be planted by them tomorrow. 主动语态:They will plant trees tomorrow. 含情态动词 情态动词+be+done The problem must be solved soon. 主动语态:We must solve the problem soon. ◇难点情态动词的被动语态 典例 (2025·甘肃白银·三模)—It is said that the new kind of medicine which can ______ to treat this disease will be on the market next month. —That’s great! A.use B.be used C.have used D.be using 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——据说可以用来治疗这种疾病的新药将于下个月上市。——太好了! 考查被动语态。which指代先行词the new kind of medicine,和use之间是动宾关系,所以用被动语态,含有情态动词can的被动语态,结构是:can be done。故选B。 1.(2026·上海黄浦·一模)Look! The cow ________ to a big tree, so it can only eat the grass nearby. A.ties B.tied C.is tied D.was tied 【答案】C 【详解】句意:看!那头牛被拴在一棵大树上,所以它只能吃附近的草。 考查被动语态。ties拴,第三人称单数主动形式;tied拴,过去式或过去分词;is tied被拴,一般现在时被动语态;was tied被拴,一般过去时被动语态。根据句首“Look!”提示,此处描述当前正在发生的状态,且牛是被拴在树上的,需用一般现在时的被动语态。故选C。 2.(2026·上海虹口·一模)Doctor Zhang, leader of the medical team of experts, _______ by CCTV last week. A.interviewed B.was interviewed C.were interviewed D.is interviewed 【答案】B 【详解】句意:医疗专家组组长张医生上周接受了中央电视台的采访。 考查被动语态。主语Doctor Zhang与动词interview是被动关系,动作发生在过去(last week),需用一般过去时的被动语态was/were done,且主语是单数,be动词用was。故选B。 3.(2026·上海闵行·一模)A few people believe that most of the teaching work ________ by AI in the near future. A.is done B.was done C.will be done D.is being done 【答案】C 【详解】句意:一些人认为在不久的将来,大部分教学工作将由人工智能完成。 考查时态和语态。is done一般现在时被动;was done一般过去时被动;will be done一般将来时被动;is being done现在进行时被动。根据“in the near future”可知,句子应用一般将来时;且“teaching work”与“do”之间是被动关系,用被动语态。应填will be done,故选C。 4.(2023·新疆乌鲁木齐·一模)Trees ________ every year to make our city greener. A.should plant B.should be plant C.should be planted D.should be planting 【答案】C 【详解】句意:每年都应该植树,让我们的城市更绿。 考查含有情态动词的被动语态。分析题干和选项可知,主语Trees和动词plant之间是被动关系,应用被动语态,should是情态动词,含有情态动词的被动语态的结构是:情态动词+be+动词过去分词。故选C。 5.(2026·上海松江·一模)AI-powered robots ________ in many Chinese hotels to serve customers back in 2021. A.are used B.were used C.have been used D.had been used 【答案】B 【详解】句意:早在2021年,许多中国酒店就使用人工智能机器人来服务顾客。 考查动词时态和语态。根据“back in 2021”可知,此句描述的是过去发生的事情,应该用一般过去时,且主语“AI-powered robots”和谓语“use”之间是被动关系,表示“被使用”,所以应该用一般过去时的被动语态“were used”。故选B。 ◇考点 02 主动语态变被动语态的方法 总结:(1)把主动语态宾语变成被动语态主语; (2)原主动语态动词变成“be+动词的过去分词”; (3)把主动语态主语放在被动语态介词by之后; (4)其他不变。 易|错|提|醒 【注意】主动语态变被动语态的特殊情况 (1)带双宾语的主动语态改为用其直接宾语(物)作主语的被动语态时,间接宾语(人)前必须加介词to或for。如: My father bought me a computer. →A computer was bought for me by my father. (2)有些感官动词和使役动词(hear, see, watch, notice, make, have等)在主动语态中作谓语时,其宾语补足语后的动词不定式省略to, 但变成被动语态时,必须将to还原。如: The boss made the workers work 12 hours a day.→The workers were made to work 12 hours a day by the boss. ◇难点带双宾语的被动语态 典例(2026·上海杨浦·一模)The animator gave some advice to the young comic artists. (改为被动语态) Some advice to the young comic artists. 【答案】was given 【详解】句意:这位动画师给年轻的漫画创作者提了一些建议,被动语态的结构为“be动词+动词的过去分词”,原句时态为一般过去时,主语some advice为不可数名词,对应的be动词为was,give的过去分词为given,故填was;given。 1.(2026·上海普陀·一模)Local farmers pick Longjing tea before the Qingming Festival every year. (改为被动语态) Longjing tea by local farmers before the Qingming Festival every year. 【答案】is picked 【详解】句意:每年清明节前,当地农民采摘龙井茶。原句是一般现在时,改为被动语态时,结构为“am/is/are+过去分词”,主语是Longjing tea,be动词用is,pick的过去分词是picked。故填is;picked。 2.(2026·上海青浦·一模)Pansy wrote an article for the school newspaper last month. (改为被动语态) An article for the school newspaper last month. 【答案】was written 【详解】句意:潘西上个月为校报写了一篇文章。一般过去时的被动语态结构为was/were+动词过去分词,主语An article为单数,be动词用was,write的过去分词为written,故填was;written。 3.(2026·上海金山·一模)We should drink plenty of water every day to stay healthy. (改为被动语态) Plenty of water should every day to stay healthy. 【答案】be drunk 【详解】句意:我们应该每天喝大量的水来保持健康。原句含有情态动词should,改为被动语态,结构为“should + be + 实义动词的过去分词”,动词drink的过去分词是drunk。故填be;drunk。 4.(2026·上海奉贤·一模)Our school will teach students sports safety rules to raise their awareness. (改为被动语态) Students will sports safety rules to raise their awareness. 【答案】be taught 【详解】句意:我们学校将教学生运动安全规则以提高他们的意识。原句为一般将来时的主动语态,结构为“will+动词原形”;改为被动语态后,主语变为Students,谓语结构变为“will be+过去分词”。teach的过去分词是taught。故填be;taught。 5.(2025·江苏南通·模拟预测)The boss made the workers work 12 hours a day. (改为被动语态) The workers were work 12 hours a day by the boss. 【答案】made to 【详解】句意:老板让工人们每天工作12小时。改为被动语态时,宾语“the workers”变为主语,谓语动词需改为被动形式“be made”。由于主语是复数,时态为过去时,因此用were made。主动语态中省略to的动词原形work,在被动语态中需恢复为带to的不定式to work。故填made;to。 ◇考点 03 主动结构表被动意义的情况 (1)open, lock, write, read, sell, clean, watch, cut, burn, drive等词作不及物动词时,它们的主语为物,可用主动语态表被动意义。如: This kind of pen writes very smoothly. (2)look, feel, sound, taste, smell等系动词用主动结构表被动意义。如: Mooncakes taste delicious. (3)be worth doing用主动形式表被动意义。如: This book is worth reading. (4)want/need/require+doing相当于want/need/require+to be done, to be done为不定式的被动结构。如: My bike needs repairing.=My bike needs to be repaired. (5)表示“发生”的happen或take place,无被动结构。如: The story happened on a cold night. ◇难点主动语态表被动含义 典例 (2022·甘肃天水·模拟预测)This storybook ________ well and it’s really worth ________. A.sells; to read B.is sold; reading C.has been sold; reading D.sells; reading 【答案】D 【详解】句意:这本故事书卖得很好,非常值得一读。sell well“畅销,卖得好”,主动表被动(sell,write,wash等动作与某些副词连用表示主语的某种性质、特征时,句子用主动形式表示被动意义),可知,第一个空格处填sells;be worth doing sth.“值得做某事”,固定短语,所以第二个空格处填reading。故选D。 1.(2022·四川凉山·模拟预测)The tickets for Fantastic Beasts: The Secrets of Dumbledore _________ well, and they will _________soon. A.are sold; sell out B.are sold; be sold out C.sell; sell out D.sell; be sold out 【答案】D 【详解】句意:《神奇动物:邓布利多之谜》的门票卖得很好,很快就会售罄。 考查被动语态。sell售卖,sell well“卖的好”无被动语态,故第一空填sell。sell out卖光,主语they与动词短语sell out之间是被动关系,故第二空应填be sold out,故选D。 2.(2025·黑龙江哈尔滨·模拟预测)Some of the apples are bad, but I believe the rest ________ sweet. A.are tasted B.taste C.tastes 【答案】B 【详解】句意:有些苹果是坏的,但我相信剩下的苹果尝起来是甜的。 考查语态。taste在此处表示“尝起来”,是系动词,taste作系动词时无被动语态,直接接形容词。故选B。 3.(23-24九年级上·吉林松原·期末)Great changes ________ in our country in the past few years. A.have taken place B.took place C.will take place D.have been taken place 【答案】A 【详解】句意:在过去的几年里,我们国家发生了巨大的变化。 考查动词时态。根据“in the past few years.”以及结合语境,可知该句是现在完成时,谓语动词是take place,为不及物动词,没有被动语态。故选A。 4.(2024·广东珠海·模拟预测)My 5G Huawei Mobile phone doesn’t work well now , and I think it needs________. A.to repair B.repairing C.being  repaired D.to be repairing 【答案】B 【详解】句意:我的5G华为手机现在运行得不好,我认为它需要修理了。 考查非谓语动词。根据“it”可知,手机和修理之间是被动关系,用need doing sth.结构。故选B。 5.(2020·江苏扬州·模拟预测)—How do you like the poem ?    —It’s a bit too long, but anyway, it________well. A.reads B.is read C.is reading D.has read 【答案】A 【详解】句意:——你认为这首诗怎么样?——它有点太长了,但不管怎么说,它读起来很好。 考查动词用法。当read,write,clean,cook,cut,wear,carry等用作不及物动词,且表示主语的某种属性时,通常用主动形式表示被动意义。句中read作不及物动词,表示诗歌读起来很顺,所以用主动形式;根据句意,可知此句陈述一件事实,用一般现在时,主语为第三人称it,所以谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式reads。故选A。 ◇题型 01 单项填空中的被动语态考查 典|例|精|析 典例1(2026·福建三明·一模)The 15th National Games ________ successfully in Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao from November 9th to 21st, 2025. A.held B.were held C.will be held 【答案】B 【详解】句意:第十五届全国运动会于2025年11月9日至21日在广东、香港和澳门成功举办。 考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据“November 9th to 21st, 2025”可知,事件发生在过去,应用一般过去时;主语“The 15th National Games”和动词“hold”之间是被动关系,应用被动语态,所以此处为一般过去时的被动语态。故选B。 方|法|提|炼 步骤1:判断是否使用被动语态 根据题干主语与动作的逻辑关系,确定句子是否需要用被动语态。 • 核心规则:若主语是动作的承受者(动作不是主语发出的),用被动语态(结构:be+过去分词);若主语是动作的发出者,用主动语态。 • 辅助判断:题干中出现by(被……)、be done(如is made、was seen)等标志词,优先考虑被动语态。 例:• The letter ______ by Tom.(主语the letter是“写”这个动作的承受者,用被动语态)• Tom ______ the letter.(主语Tom是“写”这个动作的发出者,用主动语态) • 陷阱规避:避免仅凭语感判断,忽略主语与动作的逻辑关系(如误将“书被读”写成主动语态);部分主动表被动的特殊结构(如The book sells well.)除外,需单独记忆。 步骤2:确定被动语态的时态与形式 根据题干中的时间标志词、上下文语境,确定被动语态的时态,再结合主语的人称和数,确定be动词的形式和过去分词的正确写法。 • 核心规则(中考高频时态被动结构): 1. 一般现在时被动:am/is/are + 过去分词(主语三单/单数名词用is,复数/you用are,I用am) 例:The flowers ______ every day.(water→are watered,一般现在时,主语flowers是复数,用are+过去分词) 2. 一般过去时被动:was/were + 过去分词(主语三单/单数名词用was,复数/you用were) 例:The bridge ______ last year.(build→was built,一般过去时,主语bridge是单数,用was+过去分词) 3. 一般将来时被动:will be + 过去分词 / be going to be + 过去分词 例:The work ______ tomorrow.(finish→will be finished,一般将来时,用will be+过去分词) 4. 情态动词被动:can/may/must + be + 过去分词 例:The mistake ______ corrected.(must→must be corrected,情态动词被动,用must be+过去分词) • 陷阱规避:牢记“被动语态必含be动词+过去分词”,无be动词或无过去分词的选项直接排除;不规则动词的过去分词需记准(如go→gone、eat→eaten),避免写错。 步骤3:验证逻辑合理性 “被动语态时态+形式”的搭配,本质是贴合题干的时间语境、主语与动作的逻辑关系,需确保被动结构正确、时态匹配,语义通顺。 例:• The classroom ______ every morning.(clean→is cleaned,一般现在时被动,主语classroom是动作承受者,every morning表经常性动作,语义“教室每天早上被打扫”通顺)• The letter ______ by my father yesterday.(write→was written,一般过去时被动,主语letter是动作承受者,yesterday表过去时间,语义“这封信昨天被我爸爸写了”通顺) • 陷阱规避:检查be动词的人称、数与时态是否一致(如复数主语用are/were,单数主语用is/was);避免混淆主动与被动(如误将“被建造”写成was build);验证选项是否符合题干时间标志(如yesterday对应一般过去时被动,不可用一般现在时被动)。 变|式|巩|固 变式1(2026·上海宝山·一模)Once the mess in the rooms ________, we can start moving in the new furniture. A.are cleaned out B.is cleaned out C.clean out D.cleans out 【答案】B 【详解】句意:一旦房间里的杂物被清理干净,我们就可以开始搬进新家具了。 考查被动语态和主谓一致。根据句意,杂物是被清理,应用被动语态;主语“the mess”为不可数名词,谓语需用单数。故选B。 变式2 (2025·江苏·模拟预测)Some new schools ________ in the near future, which satisfies the citizens’ needs for more resources. A.were built B.are built C.will build D.will be built 【答案】D 【详解】句意:在不久的将来,一些新学校将被建成,这满足了市民对更多资源的需求。 考查一般将来时的被动语态。根据时间状语“in the near future(在不久的将来)”可知,句子时态应用一般将来时,且主语“Some new schools(一些新学校)”和谓语动词“build(建造)”之间是被动关系,表示学校被建造,所以句子应用一般将来时的被动语态,其结构为“will be+动词的过去分词”,build的过去分词是built。故选D。 ◇题型 02 词语运用/所给词填空中的被动语态考查 典|例|精|析 典例2(2025·江苏·二模)The next Winter Olympic Games (hold) in Milan in 2026. 【答案】will be held 【详解】句意:下一届冬季奥运会将于2026年在米兰举行。主语The next Winter Olympic Games与hold之间是动宾关系,且根据“in 2026”可知,时态用一般将来时,因此空处是一般将来时的被动语态will be done,hold的过去分词是held。故填will be held。 方|法|提|练 步骤1:判断是否使用被动语态 根据题干主语与所给动词的逻辑关系,确定是否需要用被动语态。 • 核心规则:若主语是动作的承受者(动作不是主语发出的),用被动语态;若主语是动作的发出者,用主动语态(无需变被动)。 例:• The letter ______ (write) by Tom.(主语the letter是“写”的承受者,用被动语态)• Tom ______ (write) the letter.(主语Tom是“写”的发出者,用主动语态)• The window ______ (break) yesterday.(主语the window是“打破”的承受者,用被动语态) 步骤2:确定被动语态的具体形式 根据题干时间标志词或上下文语境,确定被动语态的时态,再结合主语人称和数,确定be动词形式+所给词的过去分词。 • 被动结构规则(中考高频): 1. 一般现在时被动:am/is/are + 过去分词(主语三单/单数名词用is,复数/you用are,I用am) 例:The flowers ______ (water) every day.(water→are watered,主语复数,一般现在时被动);The book ______ (read) by many students.(read→is read,主语单数,一般现在时被动) 2. 一般过去时被动:was/were + 过去分词(主语三单/单数名词用was,复数/you用were) 例:The bridge ______ (build) last year.(build→was built,主语单数,一般过去时被动);The trees ______ (plant) yesterday.(plant→were planted,主语复数,一般过去时被动) 3. 一般将来时被动:will be + 过去分词 / be going to be + 过去分词 例:The work ______ (finish) tomorrow.(finish→will be finished,一般将来时被动) 4. 情态动词被动:can/may/must + be + 过去分词 例:The mistake ______ (correct) at once.(correct→must be corrected,情态动词被动) 步骤3:验证逻辑合理性 “被动语态结构+过去分词”的搭配,本质是贴合题干的时间语境、主语与动作的逻辑关系,需确保be动词形式、时态、过去分词正确,语义通顺。 例:• The classroom ______ (clean) every morning.(clean→is cleaned,一般现在时被动,主语是承受者,every morning表经常性动作,语义“教室每天早上被打扫”通顺)• The letter ______ (write) by my father yesterday.(write→was written,一般过去时被动,主语是承受者,yesterday表过去时间,语义“这封信昨天被我爸爸写了”通顺) 变|式|巩|固 变式1 (2025·西藏·一模)Mr Green (invite) to sing an English song at the party and he sang well. 【答案】was invited 【详解】句意:格林先生受邀在聚会上唱一首英文歌,他唱得很好。根据句意可知动词“invite”和主语“Mr Green”是被动关系,应用被动语态“be done”,根据并列句“he sang well”可知此句应用一般过去时,主语是单数,be动词用“was”,动词“invite”变为过去分词“invited”。故填was invited。 变式2 (2025·江苏无锡·一模)The sports meeting they were looking forward to (hold) yesterday. 【答案】was held 【详解】句意:他们期待已久的运动会于昨天举行了。考查一般过去时被动语态,根据“yesterday”可知,时态应为一般过去时,而“运动会”是被动举办的对象,应用被动语态表示,故应填“was held”。   ◇题型 03 语法选择的被动语态考查 典|例|精|析 典例3(2025·重庆·中考真题)Li Liang has always been interested in science since childhood. He’s good 1 solving problems in daily life. It is 2 dream to make people’s lives better. One night when he was 11, he 3 the news on TV with his parents. He heard that there were harmful chemicals (化学物质) left in the vegetables people ate in a village nearby. Parents and 4 were worried about their food safety. He couldn’t sleep that night 5 he kept thinking about the kids of his age who didn’t have safe vegetables. He decided 6 something to help. He spent over a year in researching and testing. Finally, a tool 7 by him. It could show results fast, so people would know 8 the food was safe. Now, as 9 college student, he gives public talks and holds science workshops (工作坊) to share his research methods. Through his 10 work, more and more students are following in his footsteps. 1.A.at B.to C.for 2.A.he B.his C.him 3.A.watch B.watches C.watched 4.A.kid B.kids C.kids’ 5.A.or B.but C.because 6.A.to do B.doing C.do 7.A.invented B.is invented C.was invented 8.A.what B.whether C.which 9.A.a B.an C.the 10.A.hard B.harder C.hardly 【答案】 1.A 2.B 3.C 4.B 5.C 6.A 7.C 8.B 9.A 10.A 【解析】本文讲述了李亮从一个对科学感兴趣的小孩,通过发明检测食品安全的工具,成长为激励他人的大学生。 1.句意:他擅长解决日常生活中的问题。 at在;to到;for为了。根据“solving problems in daily life”可知此处指擅长解决问题,be good at“擅长”。故选A。 2.句意:让人们的生活变得更好是他的梦想。 he他(主格);his他的(形容词性物主代词);him他(宾格)。修饰名词dream用形容词性物主代词。故选B。 3.句意:在他11岁的一个晚上,他和父母一起观看了电视上的新闻。 watch观看(动词原形);watches观看(第三人称单数);watched观看(过去式)。根据“One night when he was 11”可知句子用一般过去时,动词用过去式。故选C。 4.句意:父母和孩子们都很担心食品安全。 kid孩子;kids孩子们;kids’孩子们的。根据“Parents and”可知此处用名词复数。故选B。 5.句意:那天晚上他睡不着,因为他一直在想那些和他同龄却没有安全蔬菜的孩子们。 or或者;but但是;because因为。后句是前句的原因,用because连接。故选C。 6.句意:他决定做些事情来帮忙。 to do做(动词不定式);doing做(现在分词);do做(动词原形)。decide to do sth.“决定做某事”。故选A。 7.句意:最终,他发明了一个工具。 invented发明(过去式);is invented被发明(一般现在时的被动语态);was invented被发明(一般过去时的被动语态)。主语a tool和谓语invent之间是被动关系,且动作发生在过去,用一般过去时的被动语态。故选C。 8.句意:这个工具可以快速显示结果,所以人们会知道食物是否安全。 what什么;whether是否;which哪一个。根据“the food was safe.”可知是知道食物是否安全。故选B。 9.句意:现在,作为一名大学生,他做公开演讲并举办科学工作坊来分享他的研究方法。 a一个(用于辅音音素前);an一个(用于元音音素前);the这个/那个(定冠词)。此处泛指“一名大学生”,college以辅音音素开头。故选A。 10.句意:通过他的努力工作,越来越多的学生开始效仿他。 hard努力的;harder更努力的;hardly几乎不。根据“work”可知此处修饰名词用形容词,且无比较之意,用原级。故选A。 方|法|提|练 一、 解题核心逻辑 1. 语境优先,定位被动的“逻辑呼应” • 核心原则:被动语态的选择90%以上都能在上下文找到直接线索(主语与动作的关系、时间标志、动作描述),完形填空的被动语态需贴合全文故事背景和动作逻辑。 • 操作方法: 1. 向前找:空格前的主语、时间标志词(如every day, yesterday)会提示动作的承受者/发出者,以及被动语态的时态。 2. 向后找:空格后的by短语(表动作发出者)、动作结果描述或转折连词(but, so)会暗示是否需要用被动语态,以及对应的时态。 3. 全段找:关注全文的“时态基调”(如故事类完形多为一般过去时,说明类完形多为一般现在时),以及被动结构的“复现”(前后文被动语态时态保持一致),这是中考完形填空被动语态考查最常见的考点。 • 示例:本文第4空 The bridge ______ last month,后文紧接着出现 by the workers,直接提示主语the bridge是动作的承受者,需用被动语态,且last month提示一般过去时,故此处应填was built,这就是典型的“语境逻辑呼应”。 2. 语法辅助,判断被动的“时态与结构” • 时态判断: ◦ 若全文基调为一般过去时,被动语态多为was/were+过去分词,如第4空 was built;若基调为一般现在时,被动语态多为am/is/are+过去分词。 ◦ 若出现for+时间段、already等标志,被动语态可能为现在完成时(have/has been+过去分词);若出现tomorrow等标志,可能为一般将来时被动(will be+过去分词)。 • 结构判断: ◦ 被动语态的核心结构是“be动词+过去分词”,缺一不可;结合主语的人称和数,确定be动词的形式(单数主语用is/was,复数主语用are/were)。 ◦ 不规则动词的过去分词需记准(如write→written、break→broken),避免结构错误,如第4空 build→built(规则变化),若为write则需填written。 3. 搭配验证,确保被动的“合理使用” • 固定搭配:积累常见的被动语态固定短语,如be made of(由……制成)、be taken care of(被照顾)、be seen by(被……看见)、be done well(被做得好)。 • 逻辑搭配:确保所选被动语态符合动作发展逻辑和生活场景,如“桥被工人建造”(was built by the workers)符合生活逻辑;“信件被寄出”(was sent)符合动作逻辑,不可误用主动语态(sent)。 二、 实战解题步骤 1. 通读全文,标记被动线索 快速浏览全文,圈出所有出现的时间标志词(如yesterday, every day, tomorrow)、by短语、以及主语与动作的关系(判断主语是承受者还是发出者),确定全文的“时态基调”,建立“被动线索库”,为后续空格判断做准备。 2. 逐空分析,锁定被动依据 对每个动词空格,先看前后文是否有被动线索(by短语、主语与动作的关系)或被动结构复现,结合时态基调判断是否用被动语态及对应时态:例如: ◦ 第2空 The flowers ______ every morning:前文主语the flowers是“浇水”的承受者,且every day提示一般现在时,故填are watered(一般现在时被动)。 ◦ 第5空 The letter ______ by her mother yesterday:后文出现by her mother,提示被动语态,yesterday提示一般过去时,主语the letter是单数,故填was written。 3. 语法检查,确认被动结构 填完答案后,回头检查被动语态的形式是否正确: ◦ 被动结构是否完整(是否有be动词+过去分词),如不可漏写be动词(误将was built写成built)。 ◦ be动词的人称、数与时态是否一致(如复数主语用are/were,单数主语用is/was),过去分词是否正确(如write→written,不可写成wrote)。 4. 代入验证,通读全文流畅性 将所有动词答案填入空格,完整读一遍,确保: ◦ 被动语态与时态基调、前后文动作逻辑一致,无被动与主动混淆、时态矛盾的情况。 ◦ 被动结构的固定搭配正确,整个故事的动作发展连贯、合理,语义通顺。 ◇题型 04 语法填空中的被动语态考查 典|例|精|析 典例4(2025·山东青岛·中考真题)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 How Technology Helps Emperor Penguins With the development of science and technology, we have learned a lot about animals. Emperor penguins can grow up to 1.2 meters tall, and they are the 1 (large) of all the penguin kinds. In 2022, they were listed as endangered animals because the Antarctic sea ice that they live 2 is becoming smaller and smaller. Now scientists are using high technology to follow them and learn more about how 3 (protect) them. One of the 4 (way) researchers are able to do this is by looking at pictures taken by satellites above the Earth. Large groups of emperor penguins can be seen from space. When scientists first started using satellites to look at the penguins, there were only 28 groups. So far, scientists 5 (discover) 66 groups. Even using satellites, it is so difficult to count how many penguins live in different groups. Scientists can improve population estimates (估计) by watching the area’s weather 6 (careful). Measuring the wind speed and temperature can help predict if the penguins gather closely together or spread apart across the ice. If scientists know 7 the weather was like when the pictures were taken, they can estimate how many penguins are pictured. Scientists can also watch penguins’ movements by giving 8 (they) special electronic tags. A scanner 9 (carry) by a robot, and it can read information on the tags. The robot also uses AI to recognize the penguins. It moves very slowly so that it doesn’t make the birds stressed. Daniel, one of the penguin researchers, hopes the technology 10 (lead) us to a “golden age of research”. Thanks to technology, we are seeing more things that no one has ever seen before. 【答案】 1.largest 2.on 3.to protect 4.ways 5.have discovered 6.carefully 7.what 8.them 9.is carried 10.will lead 【解析】本文讲述了科技如何帮助帝企鹅,包括利用卫星观测、天气监测和电子标签等技术在研究帝企鹅方面的应用。 1.句意:帝企鹅可以长到1.2米高,是所有企鹅种类中最大的。根据“of all the penguin kinds”可知是所有企鹅种类中最大的,此处应用形容词最高级形式,large的最高级是largest“最大的”。故填largest。 2.句意:2022年,它们被列为濒危动物,因为它们生活的南极海冰越来越小。根据“the Antarctic sea ice that they live”可知是指帝企鹅生活在南极海冰上,用介词on。故填on。 3.句意:现在科学家们正在利用高科技追踪它们,了解更多保护它们的方法。protect“保护”,此处是结构“疑问词+动词不定式”。故填to protect。 4.句意:研究人员能够做到这一点的方法之一是查看地球上方卫星拍摄的照片。one of后加可数名词复数ways“方法”。故填ways。 5.句意:到目前为止,科学家们已经发现了66个群体。根据“So far”可知句子用现在完成时,结构为“have/has + 过去分词”,主语是scientists,助动词用have,discover的过去分词是 discovered。故填have discovered。 6.句意:科学家们可以通过仔细观察该地区的天气来改进种群估计。修饰动词“watching”,需用副词形式,careful的副词是carefully“仔细地”。故填carefully。 7.句意:如果科学家知道拍摄这些照片时的天气情况,他们就能估计出照片中有多少只企鹅。句子是宾语从句,从句缺少介词like的宾语,此处应用what引导宾语从句。故填what。 8.句意:科学家们还可以通过给企鹅贴上特殊的电子标签来观察它们的活动。give sb. sth.“给某人某物”,作宾语用代词宾格them。故填them。 9.句意:一个扫描仪由机器人携带,它可以读取标签上的信息。主语“A scanner”与动词“carry” 之间是被动关系,且此处描述的是一般情况,用一般现在时的被动语态,结构为“am/is/are + 过去分词”,主语是第三人称单数,be动词用is。故填is carried。 10.句意:企鹅研究人员之一丹尼尔希望这项技术能引领我们进入一个“研究的黄金时代”。此处表示将来的动作,应用一般将来时,结构为“will + 动词原形”。故填will lead。 方|法|提|练 步骤1:判断是否使用被动语态 根据题干主语与所给动词的逻辑关系,判断是否需要使用被动语态。 • 核心规则:若主语是动作的承受者(动作不是主语发出的),必须用被动语态;若主语是动作的发出者,用主动语态(无需变被动)。 例:• 所给词write → The letter ______ (write) by Tom.(主语是承受者,用被动)• 所给词write → Tom ______ (write) the letter.(主语是发出者,用主动)• 所给词break → The window ______ (break) yesterday.(主语是承受者,用被动) 步骤2:确定被动语态的具体形式 根据题干时间标志词或上下文语境,确定被动语态的时态,再结合主语人称和数,确定be动词形式+所给词的过去分词。 • 被动结构规则: 1. 一般现在时被动:am/is/are + 过去分词(主语三单/单数名词用is,复数/you用are,I用am) 例:所给词water → The flowers ______ (water) every day.(are watered);所给词read → The book ______ (read) by many students.(is read) 2. 一般过去时被动:was/were + 过去分词(主语三单/单数名词用was,复数/you用were) 例:所给词build → The bridge ______ (build) last year.(was built);所给词plant → The trees ______ (plant) yesterday.(were planted) 3. 一般将来时被动:will be + 过去分词 / be going to be + 过去分词 例:所给词finish → The work ______ (finish) tomorrow.(will be finished) 4. 情态动词被动:can/may/must + be + 过去分词 例:所给词correct → The mistake ______ (correct) at once.(must be corrected) 步骤3:验证逻辑合理性 “被动语态结构+过去分词”的搭配,本质是贴合题干的时间语境、主语与动作的逻辑关系,需确保be动词形式、时态、过去分词正确,语义通顺。 例:• 所给词clean → The classroom ______ (clean) every morning.(is cleaned,一般现在时被动,主语是承受者,语义通顺)• 所给词write → The letter ______ (write) by my father yesterday.(was written,一般过去时被动,主语是承受者,语义通顺) 6 / 6 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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专题06 语法核心:动词时态与语态(培优讲义)(全国通用)2026年中考英语二轮复习高效培优系列
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专题06 语法核心:动词时态与语态(培优讲义)(全国通用)2026年中考英语二轮复习高效培优系列
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