Unit 1 Time to relax Grammar Focus 课件 2025-2026学年人教版八年级英语下册

Unit1 Time to Relax How do you spend your free time? Grammar Focus learning objectives Language Knowledge: Master core vocabulary and sentence patterns related to free-time activities and "overcoming difficulties", and understand their usage. Language Skills: Be able to listen to and talk about free-time activities and initial experiences, and conduct simple oral and written output. Affective Attitude: Face setbacks in learning new skills squarely and foster the awareness of persistence and not giving up easily. Cultural Awareness: Learn about common free-time activities of teenagers at home and abroad, and develop a healthy concept of leisure life. I need somebody________ Somebody_________ Somebody __________ Somebody __________ It's easy ________ But it's never the same to heal to know to hold to have to say 非谓语动词to do Grammar Focus What do you do in your free time? I play the flute to relax. How did you spend your weekend? I went to the sports centre to ice skate. How did you get into painting? I saw my mother paint. I decided to give it a go. What did your instructor say? She told me not to give up so easily. What are they? The infinitives （动词不定式） 开始做某事；进入 试一试某事 Infinitive 动词不定式 定义 概述 用法 动词不定式由to + 动词原形构成（有时可省略to），是非谓语动词的一种，没有人称和数的变化，能在句中作多种成分。 动词不定式的基本形式：to do(有时to可以省略)，否定形式为not to do。 不定式是非谓语动词形式中的一种，可以在句中作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、表语、和状语等。 动词不定式通常由“to+动词原形”构成，其中to 是不定式符号，没有实际意义，有时可以不带to。动词不定式的否定形式是“not to+动词原形”。 She asked me to plan a treasure hunt. 她要我策划一个寻宝游戏。 →She asked a treasure hunt. 她要我不要策划一个寻宝游戏。 构成（导学案） me not to plan What do you do in your free time? I play the flute to relax. How did you spend your weekend? I went to the sports centre to ice skate. How did you get into painting? I saw my mother paint. I decided to give it a go. What did your instructor say? She told me not to give up so easily. Read the sentences. Decide if each infinitive in bold functions as an object complement or adverbial. 4a 作宾语补足语 宾语 动词 不定式作宾语补足语 1. 基本结构：主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语 + to do（不定式） 作用：补充说明宾语“要做什么”“去做什么”，让句子意思更完整。 2. 常考动词分类 - 必须带 to 的动词：ask, tell, want, would like, teach, encourage 等 3.必须省略 to 的动词：see, watch, hear, make, let 等（感官/使役动词） 动词不定式作宾语补足语 常接动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词（短语）有 tell，ask，want，teach，encourage，expect，wish，invite，would like等。 He told . 他告诉我们休息一下。 I expect . 我期待你克服这些困难。 用于解释说明宾语的动作或状态，通常用于宾语后面，构成“动词+宾语+不定式”结构。 导学案 us to have a rest you to get over these difficulties 不带to的情况 （1）在使役动词 let，make，have之后作宾语补足语。 My parents let me cartoons for 20 minutes every night. 我父母允许我每晚看 20 分钟动画片。 I made Alice her mind. 我让爱丽丝改变了想法。 My mother often has me my bedroom on weekends. 我妈妈经常让我在周末打扫卧室。 允许、放任（语气温和，无强制性） 迫使、强迫（语气强硬，有强制性） 让、叫、请（语气中性，偏 “安排 / 请求”） watch change clean 导学案 （2）在感官动词（短语）feel，hear，listen to，see，watch，notice，look at 之后作宾语补足语。 I saw her half an hour ago. 半小时前我看见她离开了。 She likes to listen to the birds in the morning. 她喜欢早上听鸟儿唱歌。 They are listening to the rain against the window. 他们正听着雨点敲打窗户的声音。 注意：do 强调动作的全过程或经常性 doing强调动作正在进行 leave sing beating （3）help 后的动词不定式可带 to，也可不带 to。 Please help me a tent. 请帮助我搭帐篷。 The teacher helped us the group project. 老师帮我们完成了小组课题。 （to）put up (to) finish 一感（feel）， 二听（hear，listen to）， 三让（have，make，let）， 四看（see，watch，notice，look at）， 半帮助（help）（即动词不定式在help 后面作宾语补足语时，to可有可无）。 巧记 动词不定式不带to的情况 What do you do in your free time? I play the flute to relax. How did you spend your weekend? I went to the sports centre to ice skate. How did you get into painting? I saw my mother paint. I decided to give it a go. What did your instructor say? She told me not to give up so easily. Read the sentences. Decide if each infinitive in bold functions as an object complement or adverbial. 4a 为了放松，我吹长笛 为了滑冰，我去了体育中心 表目的， “为了” 不定式充当状语 1. 表目的：用 to do / in order to do ，说明动作的目的， so as to do 不能放句首。 2. 表原因：跟在glad、sad等情感形容词后，用 be + 情感形容词 + to do 。 3. 表结果：常搭配 too...to... （太……而不能）、 enough to... （足够……去做）结构。 ，you should change your eating habits. 为了保持健康，你应该改变饮食习惯。 I get up early . 我早起是为了赶上第一班公交车。 To keep healthy to catch the first bus 导学案 He stayed up late finish his homework. 他熬夜是为了完成作业。 We should plant more trees protect the environment.我们应该多植树来保护环境。 注：为了加强语气，可在不定式前加 in order to 或 so as to，含义不变: in order to：可放句首或句末 so as to：只能放句末 in order to so as to 导学案 I’m sorry . 听到那件事我很难过。 常接在作表语的形容词后面。 （2）动词不定式作原因状语 She is too young . 她太小了，不能上学。 常接用在“too... to”结构中。 （3）动词不定式作结果状语 to hear that to go to school 导学案 不定式作主语 1. 基本结构 结构1：To do（不定式）+ 谓语动词 + 其他 结构2：It + 谓语动词（常用is）+ 其他 + to do（不定式）（避免句子头重脚轻，更常用） 2.作用：不定式作主语，用来表示具体的动作、目的或将要发生的事。 注意： 不定式作主语时， 谓语动词通常用单数形式。 （1）动词不定式作主语 导学案 is my dream. 成为一名优秀的飞行员是我的梦想。 动词不定式作主语时，一般位于句首，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 It’s difficult for me . 对我来说，打篮球很难。 注意：动词不定式作主语时，可以将动词不定式放在后面，而用 it 作形式主语，这是为了保持句子的平衡，避免头重脚轻。 To become an excellent pilot to play basketball What do you do in your free time? I play the flute to relax. How did you spend your weekend? I went to the sports centre to ice skate. How did you get into painting? I saw my mother paint. I decided to give it a go. What did your instructor say? She told me not to give up so easily. Read the sentences. Decide if each infinitive in bold functions as an object complement or adverbial. 4a 作动词宾语 动词 不定式作动词宾语 1. 基本结构：谓语动词 + to + 动词原形 2. 常见动词：后接不定式作宾语的高频词： - 想要类：want, hope, wish, would like - 决定类：decide, plan - 其他：try, learn, agree, forget, remember （2）动词不定式作宾语 She next year. 她希望明年去参观长城。 We this weekend. 我们决定这个周末去野餐。 ①常接动词不定式作宾语的动词（短语）有 want，decide，hope，agree，wish，learn，choose，begin，plan，expect，forget，would like 等。 hopes to visit the Great Wall decided to have a picnic 导学案 I think it helpful every day. 我认为每天锻炼很有帮助。 ②常用 it 作形式宾语，而将动词不定式放在后面作真正的宾语。 真正宾语 形式宾语 to work out 导学案 不定式作后置定语 1. 基本结构 名词/代词 + to do（不定式） 2.作用：放在名词或代词后面， 用来修饰这个词，说明它的用途、 内容或将要发生的动作。 注意： 不定式作后置定语时，要和前面的名词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，如果不定式是不及物动词，需要加相应介词。 不定式作表语 1. 基本结构：主语 + be动词（am/is/are）+ to do（不定式） 2.作用：放在be动词后，说明主语的具体内容、目的或将要发生的 动作。 注意： 不定式作表语时，主语常是表示目标、任务、梦想、计划等的名词（如goal, task, dream, plan）。 （3）动词不定式作定语 Mount Huangshan is a good place . 黄山是个好玩的地方。 动词不定式作定语时，应放在被修饰的名词或代词之后。 Her dream is . 她的梦想是当一名护士。 常位于系动词 be 后面。 （4）动词不定式作表语 to have fun to be a nurse 导学案 动词不定式 主语 固定搭配 后置定语 表语 状语 作宾语 作宾补 宾补（省略to) 表目的 表结果 表原因 Summary 1.A:Thanks for your advice!It made me ___________(decide)to try skiing. B:You're welcome.Try____________(forget)your fears and have fun! 2.A:My cousin often asks me___________(fly)kites with her when it's windy. B:That sounds fun!I'd love to watch you___________(fly)kites sometime. 3.A:I love to watch kung fu movies____________(relax). B:Really?When I want__________(relax),I watch animal videos. 4.A:My parents told me_____________(not push)myself too hard. B:Yes,it's important_____________(not forget)to relax once in a while. Complete the conversations with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets. 4b decide to forget to relax fly  to fly to relax not to push not to forget 作宾补 作宾语 作宾补 作宾补 作目的状语 作宾语 作宾补 作主语 My twin brother and I look alike,but we are so different. I love sport, and I often meet my friends_______football and tennis. My brother joined us to play football once or twice, but he decided__________after that.He doesn't like sport very much! Instead, he likes_________at home and_______movies,_______to music, and chat with friends online. Our parents were worried about him staying home too much. They also wanted us________more time together as a family. So,now they let us_____our favourite activities on Saturdays, but on Sundays, we go on a family outing together! Complete the passage with the infinitive forms of the verbs in the box. What do you usually do outdoors? 4c (not) come do listen play spend stay watch  to play not to come to stay watch listen to spend do 作目的状语 作宾语 作宾补 一、用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1. Lisa and Betty like playing ping-pong, so they choose _________ (join) the ping-pong club. 2. The teacher asks us _________ (speak) English in class. 3. When you plan ________ (join) a club, the test can share some good ideas. 4. It is best ___________ (not agree) with others without further thinking. 5. It’s important for parents _________ (teach) their kids to use digital devices properly. to join to speak to join not to agree to teach 导学案 6.They helped the homeless _______ (live) a comfortable life and the poor kids to go to school. 7.He wants the students _____ (eat) well. 8.The teacher made his students _____(come) into the meeting room on time. 9.The boy was free _____ (go) where he liked. 10.Nobody tells him what _____ (do) next. to live to eat come to go to do Every "to do" action is striving for what you love. Never give up easily, and let your hobbies become the power to make yourself better! 每一个“to do”的行动，都是在为自己的热爱努力，别轻易放弃，让爱好成为让自己变优秀的力量吧！ Exercise 1. I play the piano ______ relaxed after school. A. relax B. to relax C. relaxing D. relaxed 2. My teacher told me ______ late for class again. A. don’t be B. not be C. not to be D. to not be 3. The little girl wants ______ a doctor in the future. A. be B. to be C. being D. is 4. Let him ______ basketball with us this afternoon. A. play B. to play C. playing D. plays 5. I decided ______ hiking with my friends next weekend. A. go B. to go C. going D. goes 单项选择 Exercise 6. It made me ______ happy to see my old friend again. A. feel B. to feel C. feeling D. feels 7. She asked me ______ her with her English homework. A. help B. to help C. helping D. helped 8. When I am tired, I like ______ music to relax. A. listen to B. to listen to C. listening D. to listening 9. It’s important ______ healthy food every day. A. eat B. to eat C. eating D. eats 10. Try ______ careless mistakes in your exam. A. not make B. not to make C. don’t make D. not making 单项选择 Homework Must do:  Write 5 sentences with “verb + to do” structure to talk about your hobbies. Choose to do: Interview your family member about their hobbies and take notes with infinitives (at least 2 notes). Thank you $