Unit 2 Stay Healthy 语法讲解（英语新教材人教版八年级下册）

Unit 2 Stay Healthy —— 情态动词表示建议 & 反身代词语法详解 1、 情态动词表示建议 (should / could) 1. should 的用法 用法：意为“应该；应当”，表示职责、义务或劝告。后接动词原形，否定式为 shouldn't。 句式结构 肯定句：主语 + should + 动词原形 + 其他 否定句：主语 + shouldn't + 动词原形 + 其他 疑问句 Should + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？ 例句：·You should drink more water every day.（你应该每天多喝水。） ·Students shouldn't stay up too late.（学生不应该熬夜太晚。） 练习题： ( ) 1. You look tired. You ______ take a rest. A. should B. are C. do ( ) 2. We ______ play on the road. It's dangerous. A. should B. shouldn't C. not should 2. could 的用法 用法：用于提出建议，比 can 语气更委婉。后接动词原形。 例句：· You could ask the teacher for help.（你可以向老师求助。） · We could go to the park this weekend.（我们这周末可以去公园。） 练习题： ( ) 3. You ______ try this new restaurant. It's really good. A. could B. are C. have ( ) 4. —I'm feeling bored. —You ______ watch a movie at home. A. could B. should C. must 3. had better 的用法 用法：常缩写为 'd better，意为“最好”，语气比 should 强。后接动词原形，否定式为 had better not。 例句：· You 'd better see a doctor if you feel sick.（如果你感觉不舒服，最好去看医生。） · We 'd better leave now, or we'll be late.（我们最好现在出发，否则会迟到。） 练习题： ( ) 5. It's cold outside. You ______ take a coat. A. had better B. had better to C. had not better ( ) 6. You look sick. You ______ go to work today. A. had better B. had better not C. hadn't better 二、反身代词 (Reflexive Pronouns) 1. 定义与构成 定义：指代的人或物与主语一致，译为“自己；本身；亲自”。 人称 单数 复数 第一人称 myself（我自己） ourselves（我们自己） 第二人称 yourself（你自己） yourselves（你们自己） 第三人称 himself（他自己）/ herself（她自己）/ itself（它自己） themselves（他们自己） 注意：当所指性别不详时，可以用 themselves 或 himself or herself 代替。 例句：· I taught myself English.（我自学英语。） · She hurt herself when she fell down.（她摔倒时伤了自己。） 练习题： ( ) 7. I can do it by ______. A. me B. myself C. my ( ) 8. The children enjoyed ______ at the party. A. themselves B. themself C.them 2. 句法作用 1 作动词/介词的宾语 例句：· He looked at himself in the mirror.（他看着镜子里的自己。） · Take care of yourself.（照顾好自己。） 2 作同位语（起强调作用） 例句：· I myself saw the accident.（我亲眼看见了那场事故。） · They themselves made the cake.（他们自己做的蛋糕。） 3 作表语 例句：·Just be yourself if you are going to do your best.（做你自己，才能做到最好。） ·After a few days of rest, he felt himself again.（休息了几天后，他恢复了正常。） 练习题： ( ) 9. The story ______ was very interesting. A. itself B. it C. its ( ) 10. You should be proud of ______. A. you B. yourself C. yours 3. 常用搭配 常见的后接反身代词作宾语的动词（短语）： cut oneself（割伤自己） hurt oneself（伤害自己） protect oneself（保护自己） teach oneself（自学） enjoy oneself（玩得开心） help oneself（随便吃/用） take care of oneself（照顾自己） look after oneself（照顾自己） 例句· The kids all seemed to enjoy themselves.（孩子们好像玩得很高兴。） · When my parents went away on business, I looked after myself.（我父母出差时，我自己照顾自己。） 练习题： ( ) 11. Please help ______ to some fruit, children. A. yourself B. yourselves C. you ( ) 12. She fell down and hurt ______. A. her B. herself C. hers 4. 反身代词在句中不能单独作主语 错误用法： [×] Myself like writing poetry.（我自己喜欢写诗。） 正确用法： [√] I myself like writing poetry.（我本人喜欢写诗。） 练习题： ( ) 13. 下列哪个句子是正确的？ A. Myself can solve this problem. B. I myself can solve this problem. C. Myself I can solve this problem. 【综合练习】 一、单项选择 ( ) 1. You look pale. You ______ see a doctor. A. should B. could C. would ( ) 2. The little girl is only three, but she can dress ______. A.her B. herself C. himself ( ) 3. It's raining outside. You ______ take an umbrella. A. had better B. had better to C. had not better ( ) 4. We ______ play computer games too much. It's bad for our eyes. A. should B. shouldn't C. could ( ) 5. The students enjoyed ______ at the school party. A. themselves B. themself C. them 二、用所给词的正确形式填空 1. You are tired. You ______ (should) have a rest. 2. Be careful! Don't hurt ______ (you), Tom. 3. The cat can clean ______ (it) by licking its fur. 4. We ______ (had better) leave now, or we'll miss the bus. 5. She taught ______ (she) how to cook. 三、句型转换 1. You should drink more water. (改为否定句) You ______ ______ drink more water. 2. She should talk to her parents. (改为一般疑问句) ______ she ______ to her parents? 3. He can look after himself. (改为同义句) He can ______ ______ _______ himself. 4. The children enjoyed themselves at the party. (改为同义句) The children ______ ______ at the party. 5. We had better not go out alone. (改为肯定句) We ______ ______ go out alone. 四、完成句子 1. 你应该每天喝足够的水。 You ______ drink enough water every day. 2. 孩子们，请随便吃些水果。 Children, please help ______ to some fruit. 3. 我们最好不要现在出发，天太黑了。 We ______ ______ ______ set off now. It's too dark. 4. 她为自己感到非常自豪。 She is very proud of ______. 5. 我能自己做这项工作。 I can do the work by ______. 五、短文改错 下列句子中各有一处错误，请找出并改正。 1. You should to drink more water when you're sick. ______ 2. The boy hurt his when he fell off the bike. ______ 3. We had better not to go out in such heavy rain. ______ 4. Myself can finish the work on time. ______ 5. She taught her how to play the piano. ______ 六、情景对话 根据情景，选择正确的选项完成对话。 ( ) 1. A: I have a headache. B: You ______ see a doctor. A. should B. could C. are ( ) 2. A: I don't know how to solve this problem. B: You ______ ask the teacher for help. A. should B. could C. must ( ) 3. A: Mom, can I go out to play? B: You ______ finish your homework first. A. had better B. had better to C. are better ( ) 4. A: Who made this beautiful card? B: I made it by ______. A. me B. myself C. mine ( )5. A: Did the children have fun at the park? B: Yes, they enjoyed ______ very much. A. them B. themselves C. they 七、语篇填空 用所给词的适当形式填空。 Dear Diary, Today was a busy day. I woke up late, so I had to hurry. Mom said I (1) ______ (should) eat breakfast quickly. After school, I helped my little sister with her homework. She tried to do it by (2) ______ (she), but it was too hard. I told her she (3) ______ (had better) ask the teacher for help next time. In the evening, I (4) ______ (my) cooked dinner. It was simple, but I was proud of (5) ______ (I). What a day! ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 2 Stay Healthy —— 情态动词表示建议 & 反身代词语法详解 1、 情态动词表示建议 (should / could) 1. should 的用法 用法：意为“应该；应当”，表示职责、义务或劝告。后接动词原形，否定式为 shouldn't。 句式结构 肯定句：主语 + should + 动词原形 + 其他 否定句：主语 + shouldn't + 动词原形 + 其他 疑问句 Should + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？ 例句：·You should drink more water every day.（你应该每天多喝水。） ·Students shouldn't stay up too late.（学生不应该熬夜太晚。） 练习题： ( ) 1. You look tired. You ______ take a rest. A. should B. are C. do 【答案】A 【解析】考查should的用法。should表示建议，意为“应该”。句意：你看起来很累，应该休息一下。 ( ) 2. We ______ play on the road. It's dangerous. A. should B. shouldn't C. not should 【答案】B 【解析】考查should的否定式。shouldn't = should not，意为“不应该”。句意：我们不应该在路上玩，很危险。 2. could 的用法 用法：用于提出建议，比 can 语气更委婉。后接动词原形。 例句：· You could ask the teacher for help.（你可以向老师求助。） · We could go to the park this weekend.（我们这周末可以去公园。） 练习题： ( ) 3. You ______ try this new restaurant. It's really good. A. could B. are C. have 【答案】A 【解析】考查could的用法。could表示委婉建议，意为“可以”。句意：你可以试试这家新餐厅，真的很不错。 ( ) 4. —I'm feeling bored. —You ______ watch a movie at home. A. could B. should C. must 【答案】A 【解析】考查could的用法。could用于提出建议，比should更委婉。句意：——我觉得无聊。——你可以在家看电影。 3. had better 的用法 用法：常缩写为 'd better，意为“最好”，语气比 should 强。后接动词原形，否定式为 had better not。 例句：· You 'd better see a doctor if you feel sick.（如果你感觉不舒服，最好去看医生。） · We 'd better leave now, or we'll be late.（我们最好现在出发，否则会迟到。） 练习题： ( ) 5. It's cold outside. You ______ take a coat. A. had better B. had better to C. had not better 【答案】A 【解析】考查had better的用法。had better do sth.意为“最好做某事”。句意：外面冷，你最好带件外套。 ( ) 6. You look sick. You ______ go to work today. A. had better B. had better not C. hadn't better 【答案】B 【解析】考查had better的否定式。had better not do sth.意为“最好不要做某事”。句意：你看起来生病了，最好今天别去上班。 二、反身代词 (Reflexive Pronouns) 1. 定义与构成 定义：指代的人或物与主语一致，译为“自己；本身；亲自”。 人称 单数 复数 第一人称 myself（我自己） ourselves（我们自己） 第二人称 yourself（你自己） yourselves（你们自己） 第三人称 himself（他自己）/ herself（她自己）/ itself（它自己） themselves（他们自己） 注意：当所指性别不详时，可以用 themselves 或 himself or herself 代替。 例句：· I taught myself English.（我自学英语。） · She hurt herself when she fell down.（她摔倒时伤了自己。） 练习题： ( ) 7. I can do it by ______. A. me B. myself C. my 【答案】B 【解析】考查反身代词。by myself意为“我自己”。句意：我能自己做这件事。 ( ) 8. The children enjoyed ______ at the party. A. themselves B. themself C.them 【答案】A 【解析】考查反身代词复数。enjoy oneself意为“玩得开心”，children对应themselves。句意：孩子们在派对上玩得很开心。 2. 句法作用 1 作动词/介词的宾语 例句：· He looked at himself in the mirror.（他看着镜子里的自己。） · Take care of yourself.（照顾好自己。） 2 作同位语（起强调作用） 例句：· I myself saw the accident.（我亲眼看见了那场事故。） · They themselves made the cake.（他们自己做的蛋糕。） 3 作表语 例句：·Just be yourself if you are going to do your best.（做你自己，才能做到最好。） ·After a few days of rest, he felt himself again.（休息了几天后，他恢复了正常。） 练习题： ( ) 9. The story ______ was very interesting. A. itself B. it C. its 【答案】A 【解析】考查反身代词作同位语。itself强调故事本身。句意：这个故事本身很有趣。 ( ) 10. You should be proud of ______. A. you B. yourself C. yours 【答案】B 【解析】考查反身代词作宾语。be proud of oneself意为“为自己感到自豪”。句意：你应该为自己感到自豪。 3. 常用搭配 常见的后接反身代词作宾语的动词（短语）： cut oneself（割伤自己） hurt oneself（伤害自己） protect oneself（保护自己） teach oneself（自学） enjoy oneself（玩得开心） help oneself（随便吃/用） take care of oneself（照顾自己） look after oneself（照顾自己） 例句· The kids all seemed to enjoy themselves.（孩子们好像玩得很高兴。） · When my parents went away on business, I looked after myself.（我父母出差时，我自己照顾自己。） 练习题： ( ) 11. Please help ______ to some fruit, children. A. yourself B. yourselves C. you 【答案】B 【解析】考查反身代词复数。help yourselves意为“请随便吃”，children是复数，用yourselves。 ( ) 12. She fell down and hurt ______. A. her B. herself C. hers 【答案】B 【解析】考查反身代词。hurt oneself意为“伤到自己”。句意：她摔倒时伤到了自己。 4. 反身代词在句中不能单独作主语 错误用法： [×] Myself like writing poetry.（我自己喜欢写诗。） 正确用法： [√] I myself like writing poetry.（我本人喜欢写诗。） 练习题： ( ) 13. 下列哪个句子是正确的？ A. Myself can solve this problem. B. I myself can solve this problem. C. Myself I can solve this problem. 【答案】B 【解析】考查反身代词不作主语。反身代词不能单独作主语，应加上主语I。句意：我本人能解决这个问题。 【综合练习】 一、单项选择 ( ) 1. You look pale. You ______ see a doctor. A. should B. could C. would ( ) 2. The little girl is only three, but she can dress ______. A.her B. herself C. himself ( ) 3. It's raining outside. You ______ take an umbrella. A. had better B. had better to C. had not better ( ) 4. We ______ play computer games too much. It's bad for our eyes. A. should B. shouldn't C. could ( ) 5. The students enjoyed ______ at the school party. A. themselves B. themself C. them 【答案】1.A； 2.B；3.A； 4.B； 5.A 【解析】 1. A。考查should表示建议。脸色苍白，应该看医生。 2. B。考查反身代词。dress herself意为“自己穿衣服”，主语是girl，用herself。 3. A。考查had better。had better do sth.意为“最好做某事”。 4. B。考查shouldn't。表示“不应该”，句意：我们不应该玩太多电脑游戏。 5. A。考查enjoy oneself。enjoy themselves意为“玩得开心”，主语是students，用themselves。 二、用所给词的正确形式填空 1. You are tired. You ______ (should) have a rest. 2. Be careful! Don't hurt ______ (you), Tom. 3. The cat can clean ______ (it) by licking its fur. 4. We ______ (had better) leave now, or we'll miss the bus. 5. She taught ______ (she) how to cook. 【答案】1. should；2. yourself；3. itself；4. had better；5.herself 【解析】 1. should。should后接动词原形，should have a rest。 2. yourself。hurt yourself意为“伤到你自己”，Tom是单数，用yourself。 3. itself。cat用itself，意为“猫可以自己清理自己”。 4. had better。had better do sth.，后接动词原形，had better leave。 5. herself。teach oneself意为“自学”，主语是She，用herself。 三、句型转换 1. You should drink more water. (改为否定句) You ______ ______ drink more water. 2. She should talk to her parents. (改为一般疑问句) ______ she ______ to her parents? 3. He can look after himself. (改为同义句) He can ______ ______ _______ himself. 4. The children enjoyed themselves at the party. (改为同义句) The children ______ ______ at the party. 5. We had better not go out alone. (改为肯定句) We ______ ______ go out alone. 【答案】1. should not ; 2. Should; talk ; 3. take care of ;4. had fun ;5. had better 四、完成句子 1. 你应该每天喝足够的水。 You ______ drink enough water every day. 2. 孩子们，请随便吃些水果。 Children, please help ______ to some fruit. 3. 我们最好不要现在出发，天太黑了。 We ______ ______ ______ set off now. It's too dark. 4. 她为自己感到非常自豪。 She is very proud of ______. 5. 我能自己做这项工作。 I can do the work by ______. 【答案】1. should；2. yourselves；3. had better not；4. herself；5. myself 五、短文改错 下列句子中各有一处错误，请找出并改正。 1. You should to drink more water when you're sick. ____________ 2. The boy hurt his when he fell off the bike. ____________ 3. We had better not to go out in such heavy rain.____________ 4. Myself can finish the work on time. ____________ 5. She taught her how to play the piano.____________ 【答案】1. to drink → drink；2. his → himself；3. not to go → not go；4. Myself → I myself；5. her → herself。 【解析】 1. to drink → drink。should后接动词原形，should drink。 2. his → himself。hurt oneself意为“伤到自己”，用himself。 3. not to go → not go。had better not do sth.，后接动词原形。 4. Myself → I myself。反身代词不能单独作主语，应改为I myself。 5. her → herself。teach oneself意为“自学”，用herself。 六、情景对话 根据情景，选择正确的选项完成对话。 ( ) 1. A: I have a headache. B: You ______ see a doctor. A. should B. could C. are ( ) 2 A: I don't know how to solve this problem. B: You ______ ask the teacher for help. A. should B. could C. must ( ) 3. A: Mom, can I go out to play? B: You ______ finish your homework first. A. had better B. had better to C. are better ( ) 4. A: Who made this beautiful card? B: I made it by ______. A. me B. myself C. mine ( ) 5. A: Did the children have fun at the park? B: Yes, they enjoyed ______ very much. A. them B. themselves C. they 【答案】1. A；2. B；3. A；4. B；5. B 【解析】 1. A。should表示建议，语气较强。头痛应该看医生。 2. B。could表示委婉建议，“你可以向老师求助”。 3. A。had better表示“最好”，语气较强。 4. B。by myself意为“我自己做的”。 5. B。enjoy themselves意为“玩得开心”。 七、语篇填空 用所给词的适当形式填空。 Dear Diary, Today was a busy day. I woke up late, so I had to hurry. Mom said I (1) ______ (should) eat breakfast quickly. After school, I helped my little sister with her homework. She tried to do it by (2) ______ (she), but it was too hard. I told her she (3) ______ (had better) ask the teacher for help next time. In the evening, I (4) ______ (my) cooked dinner. It was simple, but I was proud of (5) ______ (I). What a day! 【答案】1. should；2. herself；3. had better；4. myself；5. myself； 【解析】 1. should。should eat breakfast quickly应该快点吃早餐。 2. herself。by herself意为“她自己”。 3. had better。had better ask the teacher最好问老师。 4. myself。I myself cooked dinner我自己做的晚饭。 5. myself。proud of myself为自己感到自豪。 ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $