内容正文:
主谓一致(二)
《英语 基础模块1》(外研版2021版)
Unit 2 We Are Friends 语法
目录
04 检测练习
03 其他一致
01 主谓一致含义
02 就远原则
05 知识小复盘:重点速记卡
(动画)邀请你掌握:
(动画)学会判断祈使句的方法
(动画)用祈使句发出指令或表达禁止
(动画)区别“祈使句+and+陈述句”和“祈使句+or+陈述句”
2
Lead
in
目录
01 主谓一致含义
(动画)邀请你掌握:
(动画)学会判断祈使句的方法
(动画)用祈使句发出指令或表达禁止
(动画)区别“祈使句+and+陈述句”和“祈使句+or+陈述句”
4
主谓一致
是指谓语动词在人称和数上要和主语保持一致。
如果主语是单数,谓语动词就要用单数形式;如果主语是复数,谓语动词就要用复数形式。
The book is on the table.
The books are on the table.
定义
e.g.
分类
主谓一致
意义一致
就近原则
就远原则
其他一致
Unit 1
Unit 2
目录
02 就远原则
(动画)邀请你掌握:
(动画)学会判断祈使句的方法
(动画)用祈使句发出指令或表达禁止
(动画)区别“祈使句+and+陈述句”和“祈使句+or+陈述句”
7
在英语主谓一致中,就远原则是指谓语动词的单复数形式由句子的真正主语决定,而不受后面跟随的附属成分(如介词短语、插入语等)的影响。
就远原则
含义
分类
主语 + with / along with/together with
主语 + as well as
主语 + including
主语 + in addition to / besides
主语 + rather than
主语 + with / along with/together with: 谓语动词与第一个主语一致,with后面的名词不影响动词。
主语 + with / along with/together with
e.g.
The teacher, along with his students, is going to the museum.
(老师和他的学生们正要去博物馆。——真正主语是 The teacher,单数)
John, together with his two brothers, is playing basketball.
(约翰和他的两个兄弟正在打篮球。)
主语 + as well as(也;和;又): as well as 连接两个成分时,强调前者,谓语随前者变化。
主语 + as well as
e.g.
The father, as well as his children, is going to the cinema.
(那位父亲,以及他的孩子们,要去看电影。——真正主语是 The father)
The children, as well as their father, are going to the cinema.
(孩子们,以及他们的父亲,要去看电影。——真正主语是 The children)
主语 + including(包括……在内):通常用于列举,但不改变主语的核心数。
主语 + including
e.g.
Everybody here, including the teachers, likes the new principal.
(这里的每个人,包括老师们,都喜欢新校长。——主语 Everybody 是单数)
Many people, including the manager, support the plan.
(许多人,包括经理,支持这个计划。——主语 Many people 是复数)
主语 + in addition to / besides(除了……之外) 表示“附加”而非“并列”,谓语看主要主语。:
主语 + in addition to / besides
e.g.
A dictionary, in addition to the textbooks, is required for the course.
(这门课需要一本词典,以及那些教科书。——主语 A dictionary 是单数)
Besides English, mathematics is a compulsory subject.
(除了英语,数学也是必修课。——主语 mathematics 是单数)
主语 + rather than(而不是): 表示取舍,谓语与 rather than 前面的主语一致。
主语 + rather than
e.g.
The coach, rather than the players, is responsible for the loss.
(是教练,而不是队员们,应该为这次失利负责。)
You, rather than he, are invited to the party.
(是你,而不是他,被邀请参加聚会。)
目录
03 其他一致
(动画)邀请你掌握:
(动画)学会判断祈使句的方法
(动画)用祈使句发出指令或表达禁止
(动画)区别“祈使句+and+陈述句”和“祈使句+or+陈述句”
14
不定代词作主语
常见使用场景
其他一致
其他一致
分数/ 百分数 + of + 名词
不定代词作主语
and 连接的并列结构
动名词短语/不定式短语/从句作主语
算数运算中的一致
当 "分数(如 two-thirds)或百分数(如 70%)+ of" 作主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于 of 后面的名词。
情况A: of 后面是不可数名词或单数名词 → 谓语用单数。
Two-thirds of the water is gone.
(三分之二的水没了。)
情况B: of 后面是可数名词复数 → 谓语用复数。
Seventy percent of the students are in favor of the plan.
(70%的学生赞成这个计划。)
分数/ 百分数 + of + 名词
e.g.
复合不定代词作主语(someone, anybody, nothing, everything 等): 谓语通常用单数。
Everyone is here except John.(除了约翰,大家都到了。)
Both of the answers are correct.(两个答案都对。)
All the money has been spent. (指钱,不可数,单数)
不定代词作主语
e.g.
both / few / many / several: 表示复数概念,谓语用复数。
all / some / half / none: 谓语动词取决于它们所指代的内容。
虽然 A and B 通常视为复数,但以下情况表示单一概念,谓语用单数:
and 连接的并列结构
1. 指同一个人或同一个事物(and 后面的名词没有冠词):
The singer and songwriter is very popular.
(这位歌手兼词曲作家非常受欢迎。——指同一人)
对比:The singer and the songwriter are friends.
(那位歌手和那位词曲作家是朋友。——指两个人)
2. 指一个整体的配套物品/ 密不可分的事物:
Bread and butter is my breakfast.
(黄油面包是我的早餐。——视为一种食物)
Trial and error is the only way to solve this problem.
(反复尝试是解决这个问题的唯一方法。——视为一个整体过程)
当整个动作(短语)或整个句子(从句)作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数。
动名词短语/不定式短语/从句作主语
1. 动名词短语作主语:
Seeing is believing. Playing with fire is dangerous.
(眼见为实。) (玩火危险。)
2. 不定式短语作主语:
To see is to believe.
(百闻不如一见。)
To learn a foreign language requires patience.
(学外语需要耐心。)
3. 从句作主语(通常由 that, whether, what 等引导):
That they are late is obvious.
(他们迟到了是很明显的。)
What we need is more time. (如果表语是复数名词,有时也可用复数,但通常视为单数)
(我们需要的是更多时间。)
表示加减乘除运算时,谓语动词通常用单数(也可用复数,但单数更常见)。
算数运算中的一致
Two plus two is four.
(二加二等于四。)
Ten times five is fifty.
(十乘以五等于五十。)
e.g.
目录
04 检测练习
(动画)邀请你掌握:
(动画)学会判断祈使句的方法
(动画)用祈使句发出指令或表达禁止
(动画)区别“祈使句+and+陈述句”和“祈使句+or+陈述句”
21
完成句子
The teacher, as well as her students, ______ (be) going to the science museum tomorrow.
A number of rare species ______ (have) disappeared from this area due to pollution.
The famous singer and dancer ______ (be) going to perform at the charity gala tonight.
Three-fourths of the earth's surface ______ (be) covered by water.
He is one of the boys who ______ (have) been to the Great Wall before.
完成句子
6. To protect the environment ______ (be) everyone's responsibility.
7. The old man, together with his two grandsons, ______ (be) fishing by the river.
8. The number of job applicants ______ (be) much higher than we expected.
9. Either the manager or his assistants ______ (be) responsible for the mistake.
10. Nobody in the class, including the top students, ______ (be) able to solve this problem.
参考答案与解析:
答案:is 解析: 考查就远原则。主语后跟 "as well as..." 时,谓语动词应与真正的主语 "The teacher"(单数)保持一致,因此用 is。
2. 答案:have 解析: 考查其他一致(数量词)。"A number of + 可数名词复数" 表示 "许多",谓语动词用复数形式,因此用 have。
3. 答案:is 解析: 考查其他一致(and连接的并列主语)。主语 "The famous singer and dancer" 中,and 后面的 dancer 前没有冠词,表示的是同一个人(既是歌手又是舞者),指单一概念,因此谓语动词用单数 is。
4. 答案:is 解析: 考查其他一致(分数+of)。"分数 + of + 名词" 作主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于 of 后面的名词。"the earth's surface"(地球表面)是单数/不可数概念,因此谓语动词用单数 is。
5. 答案:have 解析: 考查其他一致(定语从句)。在 "one of + 复数名词 + 定语从句" 结构中,定语从句的先行词是复数名词 "the boys",因此从句谓语动词用复数形式 have。
参考答案与解析:
6. 答案:is 解析: 考查其他一致(不定式短语作主语)。不定式短语 "To protect the environment" 作主语时,表示一个抽象的动作或概念,被视为单数,因此谓语动词用单数 is。
7. 答案:is 解析: 考查就远原则。主语后跟 "together with..." 时,谓语动词应与真正的主语 "The old man"(单数)保持一致,因此用 is。
8. 答案:is 解析: 考查其他一致(数量词)。"The number of + 可数名词复数" 表示 "……的数量",中心词是 "number"(单数),因此谓语动词用单数 is。
9. 答案:are 解析: 考查就近原则(虽本题主要要求就远原则和其他一致,但就近原则是重要补充)。连词 "Either...or..." 连接两个主语时,谓语动词应与最近的主语 "his assistants"(复数)保持一致,因此用 are。
10. 答案:is 解析: 考查就远原则。主语是 "Nobody"(不定代词,视为单数),后面跟插入语 "including the top students" 不影响主语的数。不定代词 "Nobody" 作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式,因此用 is。
单选
1. The famous physicist and writer ______ to give a lecture at our university next week.
A. is scheduled B. are scheduled C. have been scheduled D. were scheduled
2. A large amount of money ______ been donated to the charity organization.
A. have B. has C. are D. were
3. The coach, rather than the players, ______ responsible for the team's poor performance.
A. are B. have been C. is D. were
4. More than 70% of the earth's surface ______ covered with water.
A. is B. are C. have D. were
5. She is one of the few students who ______ passed the challenging exam.
A. has B. have C. is D. are
单选
6. Either the director or his assistants ______ going to attend the press conference.
A. is B. am C. are D. be
7. To finish the project on time ______ requires a lot of effort and teamwork.
A. don't B. doesn't C. haven't D. aren't
8. The number of available parking spaces in this area ______ insufficient.
A. are B. have been C. is D. were
9. The whole family ______ gathered in the living room, watching TV together.
A. is B. has C. was D. are
10. The proposal, together with the supporting documents, ______ ready for review.
A. are B. have been C. is D. were
答案与解析:
1. 答案:A 考查其他一致(and连接的并列主语指同一人)。主语 "The famous physicist and writer" 中,and 后面没有冠词,表示的是同一个人(既是物理学家又是作家),指单一概念,因此谓语动词用单数形式。根据时间状语 "next week" 和句意,用一般现在时的被动语态 is scheduled。
2. 答案:B 考查其他一致(数量词)。"A large amount of" 通常修饰不可数名词,谓语动词用单数形式。此处 "money" 是不可数名词,因此用 has been。
3. 答案:C 考查就远原则。主语后跟 "rather than..." 时,谓语动词应与真正的主语 "The coach"(单数)保持一致,因此用 is。
4. 答案:A 考查其他一致(百分数+of)。"70% of + 名词" 作主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于 of 后面的名词。"the earth's surface"(地球表面)是单数/不可数概念,因此谓语动词用单数 is。
5. 答案:B 考查其他一致(定语从句)。在 "one of + 复数名词 + 定语从句" 结构中,定语从句的先行词是复数名词 "the few students",因此从句谓语动词用复数形式 have。
答案与解析:
6. 答案:C 考查就近原则。连词 "Either...or..." 连接两个主语时,谓语动词应与最近的主语 "his assistants"(复数)保持一致,因此用 are。
7. 答案:B 考查其他一致(不定式短语作主语)。不定式短语 "To finish the project on time" 作主语时,表示一个抽象的动作,被视为单数。在一般现在时中,否定形式应用 doesn't。
8. 答案:C 考查其他一致(数量词)。"The number of + 可数名词复数" 表示 "……的数量",中心词是 "number"(单数),因此谓语动词用单数 is。
9. 答案:D 考查意义一致。主语 "The whole family" 后有 "gathered" 和 "watching TV together" 暗示强调家庭中的每个成员都在看电视,具有复数意义,因此谓语动词用复数 are。
10. 答案:C
解析: 考查就远原则。主语后跟 "together with..." 时,谓语动词应与真正的主语 "The proposal"(单数)保持一致,因此用 is。
目录
06 知识小复盘:重点速记卡
(动画)邀请你掌握:
(动画)学会判断祈使句的方法
(动画)用祈使句发出指令或表达禁止
(动画)区别“祈使句+and+陈述句”和“祈使句+or+陈述句”
30
主谓一致
其他一致
含义
分类
就远原则
一起总结一下今日所学
(动画)判断句子是否为祈使句,需确认其是否:
(动画)发出指令
(动画)主语省略
(动画)动词原形开头
(动画)祈使句的肯定形式有三种:
(动画)do型
(动画)be型
(动画)let型
(动画)祈使句的否定形式:
(动画)don’t + do型/be型/let型
(动画)no+动词ing型
(动画)以及祈使句+and/or+陈述句的用法区别:
(动画)照这样做,and结果很美好
(动画)得这样做,or结果不如人意。
今天的内容就到这里。我们下次见。
THANKS
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