Unit 3 Fit for life Reading 语言点 课件-2025-2026学年高中英语牛津译林版（2020）选择性必修第二册

language focus 未来存在于我们的基因之中 Para 1 Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen. Thank you all for coming to this lecture. Over the course of my career, I have seen many wonderful scientific developments but none are as game-changing as genome editing. I am full of excitement about the possibilities this scientific advance can bring and I hope to share my excitement with you today. 过程；课程；路线, 跑道；（一道）菜 改变游戏规则的；颠覆性的 基因编辑 女士们、先生们，下午好。感谢各位来到本场讲座。在我的职业生涯中，我见证过许多了不起的科研成果，但没有一项能像基因组编辑一样具有颠覆性。我对这项科学进展能够带来的可能性兴奋不已，并且希望在今天与各位分享这份兴奋之情。 科学上的 adj. 充满 可能性 进步 n. She signed up for a course in English writing. The first course is salad, and the main course is steak. The ship changed its course to avoid the storm. The athletes are preparing for the final on the course. Over the course of his career, he made great achievements. Let nature take its course. You can soon feel the determination—coursing through the music. 课程 一道菜 路线 跑道 过程 、进程 路线 流经 / 穿过 v. course （n.) 课程 路线 跑道 一道菜 过程 v.穿过 When I took a cooking course, the chef told us the main course of the day was beef stew. We watched as he adjusted the course of the cooking process to make the meat tender. he smiled, “patience is the key to good food.” 我上烹饪课的时候，主厨告诉我们当天的主菜是炖牛肉。我们看着他调整烹饪流程，好让肉质变得软烂。接着他笑了笑说：“当然啦，耐心是做出美味佳肴的关键。 course （n.) 课程 路线 跑道 一道菜 过程 v.穿过 4班 When choosing my high school course , I added a sailing course out of curiosity. During the first class, the coach taught us how to set the correct course using a compass. We also talked about how to stay on course when the wind changes, and why we shouldn’t interfere with the natural course of the waves. 在选择高中学习课程体系时，我出于好奇报了一门帆船课程。第一节课上，教练教我们如何用罗盘设定正确的航向。我们还讨论了遇到风向变化时如何保持既定方向，以及为什么不应干预海浪的自然进程。 course （n.) 课程 路线 跑道 一道菜 过程 v.穿过 课程 路线 航向 课程 路线 航向 进程 2班 课程 Over the course of my career, I __________(see) many wonderful scientific developments, but none are as game-changing as genome editing. have seen as...as...和...一样 not as/so...as...不如... She didn’t arrive as/so early as usual today. 她今天到得不如平时早。 He doesn’t run as/so fast as his classmate. 他跑得不如他同学快。 This restaurant isn’t as/so delicious as the _______we went to last week. 这家餐厅的菜不如我们上周去的那家好吃。 one No city is as beautiful as Paris in her eyes. 在她看来，没有哪个城市像巴黎一样美 。 Nothing is as effective as practicing daily 没有什么和每天练习一样有效 No one is as hardworking as she studies 没有人和她学习一样勤奋 Nothing is as precious as health 没有什么和健康一样珍贵 as...as...和...一样 not as/so...as...不如... none/no/nothing ...as/so + 原级+ as，没什么和...一样... as...as...和...一样 not as/so...as...不如... none/no/nothing... as/so + 原级+ as ＋ sth/doing/句子，没什么和...一样... 否定词... 比较级+than＋sth/doing/句子 没什么比...更.. No plan is better than this one. 没有比这个更好的计划 Nowhere is more beautiful than my hometown. 没有哪个地方比我的家乡更美 Nothing is more relaxing than listening to music after work. 没有比下班后听音乐更放松。 Nothing is more touching than they helped each other in trouble. 没什么比他们在困境中互相帮助更感人了 This movie couldn’t be more exciting. 这部电影再精彩不过了 Nothing is more effective than making a to-do list. 没有比列待办清单to do list 更有效effective. I firmly believe nothing is more effective than participating in this activity to show off your athletic talent. 我坚信，没有什么比参加这项活动更能发挥你的运动天赋了。 none/no/nothing... as/so + 原级+ as ＋ sth/doing/句子，没什么和...一样... 否定词... 比较级+than＋sth/doing/句子 没什么比...更.. For those who dream of mastering a musical instrument, nothing is more effective than___________(practice) consistently even for 30 minutes a day, no matter how busy they are. The survey indicates that this new policy isn’t so effective ______ providing targeted support to small and medium-sized enterprises directly, which was originally planned. No one in the research team is as patient ______ Dr. Wang sorting complex data and analyzing potential problems in the experiment. practicing as as Over the course of my career, I have seen many wonderful scientific developments but none are as game-changing as genome editing. 完成时的标志词 在我的职业过程中 句子分析 没有一个 在我的职业生涯中，我见证过许多了不起的科学进展，但没有任何一项能像基因组编辑技术这样具有颠覆性的变革意义。 句式仿写 Over the course of my high school years, I have met many inspiring teachers but none are as committed as my physics teacher. 在我的高中生涯里，我遇见过许多鼓舞人心的老师，但没有任何一位能像我的体育老师这般尽职尽责。 Over the course of the past decade, we have witnessed many technological breakthroughs but none are as influential as artificial intelligence. 在过去十年间，我们见证了诸多技术突破breakthroughs ，但没有任何一项能像人工智能一样具有深远的影响力influential 。 Over the course of human history, people have created many great works of art but none are as moving as the Mona Lisa. 在人类历史进程中，人们创造过无数伟大的艺术作品works of art，但没有任何一件能像《蒙娜丽莎》influential 这般动人。 Over the course of my high school years, I have met many kind teachers, but none are as patient as my Chinese teacher. 在我的高中生涯里，我遇见过许多和蔼的老师，但没有一位像我的语文老师这般有耐心。 Over the course of the holiday, I have tried many delicious foods, but none are as tasty as my mom’s cooking. 假期里，我品尝了不少美味的食物，但没有一样比得上妈妈做的菜那么可口。 Over the course of the game, we have scored many goals, but none are as important as the final one. 整场比赛中，我们踢进了好几个球，但没有哪一个能像最后那个进球一样关键。 句式仿写 4班 I am full of excitement about the possibilities【 this scientific advance can bring 】... We are full of pride about the achievements our school basketball team can win. 我们对校篮球队可能斩获的各项佳绩满怀自豪。 My parents are full of expectation about the progress I can make. 父母对我未来能够取得的进步满心期待。 She is full of gratitude about the help this warm-hearted stranger provided. 她对这位热心warm-hearted陌生人warm-hearted提供的帮助充满感激。 我对这项科学进展可能带来的种种前景满怀激动。 Para 2 As many of you may already know, genes play a critical role in __________ (shape) our lives. Everything from the color of our eyes ___ our talent for maths depends ___ genes. The complete set of genes inside a cell or a living being is called a genome. Our personal genome carries all the information ________ (need) to make us grow and develop. It also contains information _____ helps determine our lifespan and affects our chances of __________ (contract) certain diseases. shaping on to needed contracting that 起着至关重要的作用 一整套 生物体 基因组 寿命 寿命长短 周期 患某些疾病 在…… 内部 prep Everything from the color of our eyes to our talent for maths depends on genes. 句子分析 ①复合不定代词（everything/something/everyone 等） Everything in the room needs to be cleaned before the guests arrive. Nothing in the world is impossible if you put your heart into it. ②no 类（no + 名词，表否定，必用三单） No student is allowed to leave the classroom during the test. ③neither/either 类（两者中任一 / 都不，必用三单） Either answer is acceptable—both are correct. Neither of the two solutions works well for this problem. need be allow be work 不定代词作主语，谓语动词用单数 ④each/every 类（强调个体，必用三单） Every child needs love and care from their family. Each student has a new textbook for the semester. ( all/some/none 需看指代可不可数） All of the water is gone—we need to buy more. All of the students are here—let’s start the class. Some of the work has been finished, but not all. Some of the books were written by this famous author. None of the money is mine; it belongs to the school. None of the students likes/like to stay up late. need have be be have be be like 不定代词 作主语 Everything around us ______ (be) made up of tiny particles分子. Something strange ______ (happen) in the neighborhood last night. Nobody in the classroom ______ (know) the answer to this difficult question. Nobody but my parents ______ (support) my decision to study abroad. None of the money ______ (belong) to me; it’s my sister’s. Nothing except some old photos ______ (remain) in the empty house. Something important ______ (announce) at the meeting tomorrow. Each student together with their parents ______ (invite) to the graduation ceremony. None of the teachers __________________(agree) with this plan Either you or he ______ (have) to take care of the little boy. 不定代词作主语 is happened knows supports belongs remains will be announced is invited agree has Our personal genome carries all the information needed to make us grow and develop.(L9) 我们的个人基因组携带着使我们成长和发展所需的所有信息。 过去分词作后置定语 =that is needed This new app has all the functions needed to improve our oral English skills. 这款新应用具备提升我们英语口语能力所需的全部功能。 This hiking backpack holds all the supplies needed to survive the two-day trip. 这个徒步背包装着支撑我们完成两天行程所需的全部物资。 Our school library stores all the reference books needed to finish our research projects. 我们学校图书馆收藏着完成研究课题所需的全部参考书。 1. It also contains information that helps determine our lifespan and affects our chances of contracting certain diseases. 它(基因)还包含了有助于决定我们寿命长短和影响我们患某些疾病概率的信息。 affect vt. An unhappy home environment can affect a child’s growth. 不幸的家庭环境会影响孩子的成长。 Cancer had affected his lungs. 癌已侵及他的肺脏。 I was deeply affected by the film (= It caused strong feelings in me). 我被电影深深地打动了。 侵袭，使感染 影响 打动 affect vt. 影响; 侵袭，使感染; 深深打动 Stress can affect people’s sleep quality and mental health. 压力会影响人的睡眠质量和心理健康 effect（n.） 影响；效果 have an effect on Noise pollution has a bad effect on people’s sleep quality. 噪音污染对人们的睡眠质量有不良影响。 Climate change greatly affects the survival of polar bears. 气候变化对北极熊的生存有巨大影响。 The disease mainly affects the elderly and young children. 这种疾病主要感染老人和儿童。 She was deeply affected by the story of the brave firefighter. 她被那位勇敢消防员的故事深深打动。 affection n. 喜爱；爱慕 have a great affection for 非常喜欢… Her affection for literature began when she was a child, and now she works as a writer. （她对文学的喜爱始于童年，现在她成为了一名作家。） “Developing an affection for reading can broaden our horizons and enrich our spiritual world, which is beneficial for our lifelong development.” （培养对阅读的喜爱能开阔我们的视野，丰富精神世界，这对我们的终身发展有益。） As we all know, climate change has become a global issue that seriously __________ (affect) people’s lives. Many coastal cities __________ (affect) by rising sea levels in recent years,and the __________ (affect) of this phenomenon is far-reaching. affects have been affected effect contract n. an official written agreement 合同；合约；契约 v. to make an agreement by contract to work or to pay someone to work 与…订立合同（或契约) v. to get an illness 感染（疾病）；得（病） v. to become less or smaller （使）收缩，缩小 sign a contract 签订合同 break a contract 违反合同 He contracted a bad cold during the school trip. 他在学校旅行期间得了感冒。 People can contract the virus through close contact. 人们会通过密切接触感染这种病毒。 ① 签约 签合同 contract with sb.（与某人签约） The famous actor contracted with the film studio for two movies. 这位知名演员与电影制片厂签约，出演两部电影。 contract to do sth.（签约做某事） She contracted to teach English in the rural school for a year. 她签约去这所乡村学校教一年英语。 ②（物体数量等）收缩；缩小 反义词：expand（膨胀；扩张） The pupils of her eyes contracted sharply when the flashlight was turned on. 当手电筒打开时，她的瞳孔急剧收缩。 The population of the small town__________________10% in the past decade. has contracted by ③ 感染（疾病、病毒）（正式用语，口语可用 catch 替代） Many people contracted the flu during the winter vacation. 寒假期间，很多人感染了流感。 He contracted a rare disease while traveling in Africa last year. 他去年在非洲旅行时感染了一种罕见rare疾病。 → suffer from 遭受（疾病、痛苦、不幸等）；受…… 困扰 She suffers from a rare heart disease. 她患有一种罕见的rare心脏病。 He suffers from loneliness after moving to a new city. 搬到新城市后，他一直被孤独感困扰。 contact v./n. 联系；接触 contradict v.矛盾 1.. Before starting the job, you need to ________________________. （开始工作前，你需要签订一份劳动合同。） 3.The muscle _____________when stimulated by electricity. （肌肉受到电刺激时会收缩。） 4. He ________________________ after walking in the rain for a long time. （他在雨中走了很久后感冒了。） contracts sign an employment contract contracted/caught a cold as的含义 1. ..., but none are as game-changing as genome editing.(L4) 2. As many of you may already know, ...(L6) 3. Geneticists have been trying to identify ..., as they believe ... (L14) 4. Genome editing, serving as a new weapon... (L22) 1.as +adj/adv+as 副词,“和...一样...” 2. As（关系代词）引导非限制性定语从句，意为“正如”。 3. 连词，原因状语从句,“因为” 4. 介词，“作为” 5. As the technology continues to develop at a fast pace, .... (L 25) 5. 连词，时间状语从句, 有“随着”的含义。 6. Do as the Romans do when in Rome. She lost it, just as I said she would. 7. Child as he is，he knows a lot. Happy as they were, there was something missing. Unlikely as it might seem, I’m tired too. 7. 连词，让步状语从句，“尽管， 虽然”，必须构成倒装。 as的含义 6. 连词，方式状语从句,按照,“以……的方式” He didn’t attend the meeting as he was ill. 他因为生病没参加会议。 As she is good at English, she often helps her classmates. 由于她英语好，经常帮助同学。 As time goes by, we realize the importance of family. 随着时间的推移，我们意识到家庭的重要性。 Young as he is, he knows a lot about history. 尽管他年纪小，却懂很多历史。 Hard as she worked, she didn’t pass the exam. 尽管她努力了，但还是没通过考试。 Child as he is, he can play the piano very well. 虽然他是个孩子，钢琴却弹得很好。 He speaks English as native speakers do. 他说英语的方式和母语者一样。 With our society growing older，we need the contributions of our older citizens. →_____________________，we need the contributions of our older citizens. Although it was raining heavily outside，they started out very early. →____________________________，they started out very early. It is known to all that a good learning environment is vital if we want to study English well. →________________，a good learning environment is vital if we want to study English well. As our society grows older Heavily as it was raining outside As we all know Practice makes perfect. Para 3 Geneticists have been trying to identify which genes relate to which diseases, as they believe genome editing is an effective means of disease treatment and prevention. It allows geneticists to make changes to the genome by correcting, adding, deleting or replacing specific parts of the genetic material. In the near future, geneticists help to apply this technology to treat a wide range of health problems. 基因学家 辨认识别确认 与...相关 方式 疾病治疗 允许某人做 修正、增加、删除、替代 在不远的未来 应用 大量许多 治疗v. 遗传学家一直在试图确定哪些基因与哪些疾病相关，因为他们相信基因组编辑是治疗和预防疾病的有效手段。它允许遗传学家通过纠正、增加、删除或替换遗传物质的特定部分的方式对基因组进行修改。在不久的将来，遗传学家希望将这项技术应用于治疗广泛的健康问题。 输入 内容 输入 内容 identify v. ① 认出;识别;分辨出 identify A as B 确认 鉴定 A是B The doctor identified his illness as a common cold. 1. 医生确诊他的病只是普通感冒。 We saw a small grey animal hiding under the flower bed. It had a furry tail and long ears, so we identified the animal as a rabbit. 2. 我们看到一只灰色的小动物躲在花坛下，它长着毛茸茸的furry 尾巴和长长的耳朵，于是我们认出这只动物是一只兔子。 =recognize 37 ② 认同；理解；产生共鸣 identify with sb./sth. 与…… 产生共鸣；认同…… I can totally identify with your feelings—this exam is really difficult. 我完全能理解你的沮丧 —— 这场考试确实太难了。 ③ identify A with B 把 A 和 B 联系起来 People often identify success with wealth and fame. 人们常常把成功与名利联系在一起。 identity /aɪˈdentəti/ 身份；本身 identify /aɪˈdentɪfaɪ/ identification /aɪˌdentɪfɪˈkeɪʃn/ 身份证明 identical /aɪˈdentɪkl/ 完全相同的；一模一样的 be identical to/with 和...一模一样 He was too far away to be able ___________ faces. Many readers identify ______ the characters in her novels. The results were _________ to those of the first test. The police are trying to discover the ________ of the killer. You should not identify wealth ______ happiness. to identify with identical identity with Practice makes perfect. 与…一致 与…… 产生共鸣 relate v.与...相关 relate A to B 联系A和B be related to 与……有关 他说的话与讨论的问题无关。 His remarks ______________ the topic_________ discussion. 在中国文化中，很多人把红色和喜悦、庆祝联系起来。 Many people relate the color red to joy and celebration in Chinese culture. Many people associate the color red with joy and celebration in Chinese culture. =connect A with B =link A to/with B =associate A with B = be connected with = be linked to/with =be associated with under is not related to 1.The two countries resumed normal diplomatic ___________ (relate). 2.Economic reform has brought __________ (relate) wealth to peasant farmers. 3.The play ___________________________ which took place a long time ago. 这个剧本和一个久远的爱情故事有关。(2020·全国Ⅲ，书面表达) 4. It is difficult to relate his argument 　　　　the facts. 5. In the future, pay increases will ___________ productivity. 6. He _______(relate) the facts of the case _____ journalists. relations relative is related to a love story to be related to related to Practice makes perfect. relation n.关系；联系；亲戚 /rɪˈleɪʃn/ relative n.亲属，亲戚 adj.相对的；比较而言的 相关的 /ˈrelətɪv/ 重新开始 外交的 改革 农民 means n. 手段，方法 单复数同形. by means of... 通过...手段 He came first in the writing competition by means of hard work. 他通过努力在写作比赛中获得了第一名。 We can communicate by means of email. 我们可以通过电子邮件沟通。 We solved the problem by means of teamwork. → Teamwork is the means ___________ we solved the problem. 团队合作就是我们解决这个问题的方式。 Reading aloud is the means by which we can improve our oral English quickly. 大声朗读是我们快速提升英语口语的一种手段。 by which by all means 当然可以 当然可以 by any means 无论如何 by no means 绝不；一点也不 adv. 强烈否定 1. A: Can I use your dictionary for a minute? B: __________________________当然可以！ It’s on my desk. Don’t give up by any means—you’re so close to finishing the task. 2. 无论如何都不要放弃，你离完成任务只差一步了。 This math problem is by no means easy—even the top student in our class struggled with it. 3. 这道数学题一点也不简单，就连我们班的尖子生都被难住了。 He is by no means a person who gives up easily. 4.他绝不是一个轻易放弃的人。 by no means 绝不；一点也不 放在句首要用部分倒装（把助动词 / 情态动词 /be 动词提到主语之前） She will by no means give up her dream of becoming a doctor. By no means will she give up her dream of becoming a doctor. 她绝不会放弃成为一名医生的梦想。 We can by no means cheat in the exam, or we will be punished. By no means can we cheat in the exam, or we will be punished. 我们绝不能在考试中作弊，否则会受到惩罚。 I have by no means heard of this strange story before. By no means have I heard of this strange story before. 我以前从来没有听过这个离奇的故事。附上正常语序 He decided to apply for a scholarship to fund his postgraduate studies. 他决定申请奖学金来资助自己的研究生学业。 He applied for a visa, hoping to study abroad in the UK for six months. 他申请了签证，希望能去英国交流学习半年。 You should apply sunscreen to your skin before going out in summer. 夏天出门前，你应该在皮肤上涂抹防晒霜。 She successfully applied her knowledge of computer science to the project. 她成功地将自己的计算机科学知识运用到了这个项目中。 4. In the near future, geneticists help to apply this technology to treat a wide range of health problems. (line 18) 应用；申请；涂 apply sth. to sth. 把……应用到/涂到 apply for sth. 申请…… application n.申请；应用 applicant n.申请人 The advertisement for engineers on the Internet attracted many ___________(apply). The man’s ___________(apply) for membership of the club was turned down. Apply the cream evenly ________ your face and neck. applicants application to Adv. 均匀地、相等地 Ultimately, this new technology might even make it possible __________ (prevent) diseases from ever developing by correcting abnormal genes early on. (L21) 真正宾语 形式宾语 adv. 最终 在早期 非正常的 v. 纠正 Para 3 to prevent ultimately 最终；最后；归根结底 （结论 不是时间先后） His carelessness ultimately led to the accident. 他的粗心大意归根结底导致了这场事故的发生 The success of the project ultimately depends on our teamwork. 这个项目的成功，归根结底取决于我们的团队协作 阻止某人做某事 stop sb. (from) doing sth.=prevent sb. (from) doing = keep sb. from doing Regular exercise prevents people (from) getting sick easily. 规律运动能防止人们轻易生病。 Noise kept me from falling asleep last night. 噪音让我昨晚无法入睡。 ever 曾经 ；在任何时候 Have you ever been to Paris? 你曾经去过巴黎吗？ He doesn’t ever complain about his work, no matter how busy he is. 无论多忙，他在任何时候都不会抱怨自己的工作。 If you ever come to my city, please let me know. 如果你在任何时候来我的城市，请告诉我。 make it + 形容词 / 名词 + to do sth make it possible to do sth（使…… 成为可能） The invention of smartphones has made it possible to communicate with friends anytime and anywhere. 智能手机的发明让随时随地和朋友沟通成为了可能。 make it easy to do sth（使…… 变得容易） This English dictionary makes it easy to look up new words we meet in reading. 这本英语词典让查阅阅读中遇到的生词变得很容易。 make it a priority to do sth（使…… 成为优先事项） The school makes it a priority to ensure students’ safety on campus. 学校把保障学生在校安全当作首要任务。 句式仿写 Teachers consider _______a rule to check homework regularly. I feel _____comfortable to sit by the window when reading. I find it easy ___________(memorize) English words by making sentences. It is no use _______(cry) over spilt milk. 覆水难收 There is no point ____________(argue) with him. There is no + 抽象名词 + doing point (意义) /sense (道理) /use/good (用处)/way (办法) it it to memorize crying arguing Genome editing, ______ (serve) as a new weapon in the fight against diseases, will lead to a fundamental change in our approach ___ health care.(L22) V-ing短语做状语 基因组编辑，作为抗击疾病的新武器，将会导致我们的医疗保健方式产生根本性的改变。 根本性的，基本的 方式 Para 3 to serving Mastering basic grammar rules is fundamental to learning English well.掌握基本语法规则是学好英语的基础。 Critical thinking is fundamental to solving complex academic problems.批判性思维对解决复杂的学术问题至关重要。 fundamental =basic、essential 基础的 至关重要的 1.We can serve as volunteers to help clean up the park this weekend. 这个周末我们可以充当志愿者，帮忙清理公园。 2.She will serve as the leader to organize discussions. 她将担任组长组织讨论。 3.The old classroom, ________(serve) as a temporary hospital during the flood, saved many lives. 洪水期间被用作临时医院的那间旧教室，拯救了很多人的生命。 4.Serving as a bridge between teachers and students, the students union helps solve communication problems. 作为师生之间的桥梁，学生会帮助解决沟通问题。 5.He was chosen to work ________ a volunteer for the school sports meeting. serve as 充当 扮演 用作 as serving Para 4 As the technology continues to develop ___ a fast pace, however, questions arise about how to use it _______________(appropriate). Should we restrict our use of this technology ___ the treatment and prevention of diseases? Should we prohibit geneticists from ______(use) it to enhance healthy bodies? appropriately at to using 快速地 产生出现 合适的 恰当的 限制 禁止 然而，随着这一技术不断迅速发展，出现了如何合理使用它的问题。 我们是否应该将这种技术的使用限制在治疗和预防疾病方面? 我们是否应该禁止遗传学家使用它(基因组编辑技术)来使健康的身体更加强健？ rise（vi. 不及物，无宾语，自然 / 自发） The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 太阳从东方升起，西方落下。 The temperature has risen by 5 degrees since yesterday. 自昨天起，气温上升了 5 度。 She rose from her seat and bowed to the audience. 她从座位上站起来，向观众鞠躬。 arise（vi. 不及物，无宾语，抽象事物出现） A lot of problems arose during the group project. 小组项目期间出现了很多问题。 An opportunity to study abroad arose suddenly. 一个出国留学的机会突然出现了。 He arose early to catch the first train to the city. 他早起赶去城里的第一班火车。 上升；升起；起身 出现；产生；起身 raise（vt. 及物，必须接宾语，人为主动 The teacher asked the student to raise his hand before speaking. 老师要求学生发言前先举手。 Her parents raised her alone after her father passed away. 她父亲去世后，母亲独自抚养她长大。 They are raising money for the children in poor areas. 他们正在为贫困地区的孩子筹款。 Our school will raise the scholarship for top students next year. 我们学校明年会提高优等生的奖学金。 arouse（vt. 及物，必须接宾语，激起情感 / 反应） The movie’s touching plot aroused great sympathy among the audience. 这部电影感人的情节在观众中激起了强烈的共鸣。 His strange behavior aroused the police’s suspicion. 他奇怪的行为引起了警方的怀疑 The interesting lecture aroused students’ interest in astronomy. 这场有趣的讲座激起了学生对天文学的兴趣 举起；提高；筹集；抚养 激起；唤醒 rise, raise, arise，arouse 单词 词性 核心含义 关键特点（高中必记） rise 不及物 上升；升起；起身 无宾语，自然 / 自发发生（如太阳、价格、温度） raise 及物 举起；提高；筹集；抚养 必须接宾语，人为主动动作（如举手、提工资、养孩子） arise 不及物 出现；产生；起身 无宾语，多接抽象名词（问题、困难、机会） arouse 及物 激起；唤醒 必须接宾语，多接抽象情感 / 反应（兴趣、怀疑、睡意） rise to the challenge 应对挑战 raise questions/doubts 提出问题 / 质疑 arouse one’s interest in 激起某人对…… 的兴趣 raise one’s hand 举手 raise one’s voice 提高音量（表愤怒 / 强调） raise a family 养家糊口 arouse attention 引起注意 raise awareness of 提高…… 的意识 raise money for 为…… 筹款 Should we restrict our use of this technology ___ the treatment and prevention of diseases?（L26） 我们是否应该将这种技术的使用限制在治疗和预防疾病方面? restrict vt.限制,限定;束缚,妨碍;约束,管束 restrict sth. to . 将……限定到…… The school restricts students' use of mobile phones to after-class time only. 学校将学生使用手机的时间限定在课后。 My parents restrict my screen time to one hour a day to protect my eyes. 父母将我的屏幕使用时间限制在每天一小时，以保护我的视力。 to restrict sb. from doing sth. 限制某人做某事 restrict doing sth. 限制做某事 Doctors usually restrict patients with high blood pressure from eating too much salt. 医生通常会限制高血压患者吃太多盐。 Traffic laws restrict drivers from driving after drinking alcohol to reduce accidents. 交通法规限制司机酒后alchohol驾车，以减少事故。 The library restricts readers from talking loudly to maintain a quiet environment.That is why we need to keep quiet. 图书馆限制读者大声交谈，以维持安静的环境。这就是为我们要保持安静。 Users __________________________certain websites on this network. 用户在这个网络上被限制访问某些网站。 联想： keep/stop/prevent sb. from doing阻止某人做某事 are restricted from accessing The new law _________ smoking in public places. 2. In future we will restrict class sizes ____ 20 students. 3. There are ____________ on what you can bring into our school. 4.The number of participants is restricted ______ 50 people due to space limitations. 5.Teenagers ______________ (restrict) from smoking in most public places in China. 6.It is because of the traffic laws ________drivers ______ (restrict) from driving after drinking. 7.____________ (restrict) from using electronic devices in exams, students have to rely on their own memory. Practice makes perfect. restricts to restrictions to are restricted are restricted that Restricted Should we prohibit geneticists from ______(use) it to enhance healthy bodies? prohibit/ban _______ sth; 禁止做某事 法律法规、官方规定 禁止某人做某事 （尤指以法令）禁止≈ban 我们是否应该禁止遗传学家使用它(基因组编辑技术)来使健康的身体更加强健？ v. 加强，增加 using prohibit/ban sb. from doing sth. doing The law prohibits smoking in public places. → Smoking in public places____________ by the law 法律禁止在公共场所吸烟 The law prohibits people from hunting wild animals. → People ______________________________________ by the law are prohibited from hunting wild animals is prohibited One day soon, we will be able to use genetic editing __________ (increase) the human ___________(resist) to colds and flus, to make people taller, to help their muscles develop faster, to sharpen all of their senses or to make them more ___________ (intelligence). (L 29) Para 4 n. 抵抗力，反抗 v. （使）变锋利，改善，提高 n. 感官 不久的将来，我们将能够使用基因组编辑来增强人类对感冒和流感的抵抗力，使人长高，帮助他们的肌肉更快地发育,使他们所有的感官更加敏镜，或使他们更加聪明。 to 不定式短语的平行结构，层层深入列举基因组编辑对人类未来的影响 to increase intelligent resistance One day soon, we will be able to use genetic editing to increase the human resistance ____ colds and flus, to make people taller... (L 29) n. 抵抗力；反抗 Para 4 to resistance（抵抗；阻力） resistance to sth.（对…… 的被动抵抗 ）＋疾病 、变化 resistance against （对…… 的主动抗争）＋战争、压迫、侵略 resistance to colds 对感冒的抵抗力 resistance to cancer 抗癌 resistance to new ideas 对新观念的抗拒 resistance to water 防水性 resistance to high temperatures 耐高温性 resistance against the enemy 对抗敌人 resistance against injustice 对抗不公 resistance against aggression 抵抗侵略 the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression 中华民族抗日战争 ( Aggression侵略；侵犯) The achievements of the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression did not come easily. We should remember history and value peace. 抗日战争的成果来之不易 我们应该铭记历史 珍爱和平 resistant（抵抗的；耐…… 的） be resistant to sth.（对…… 有抵抗力 / 耐……） resist + n. /doing ≈ fight against sth 抵抗... 与...抗争 My grandmother’s plants are resistant to drought, so they don’t need much watering. 我奶奶种的植物耐旱，所以不需要经常浇水。 Some people are resistant to change because they fear the unknown. 有些人抗拒改变，因为他们害怕未知 We should resist injustice in society 我们应该抵抗社会中的不公。 She resolved to resist_______________________(discriminate) against 她决心抵抗歧视。 being discriminated/discrimination We will also be able to select specific characteristics for children before they are born, _________ (creat) what some have called “designer babies”.Philosophers, geneticists and government officials have all started to wrestle with such moral issues. We have to figure out how to keep the technology from running wild. 我们将能够在孩子出生前为他们选择特定的特征，创造出一些人所说的“定制婴儿”。哲学家、遗传学家和政府官员都已开始全力解决这样的道德问题。我们必须想办法防止技术失控。 Para 4 creating 弄清楚，计算出，解决 失控 = out of control 与…… 扭打；努力解决；竭力应对 =struggle with keep sth from doing sth 阻止....做某事 67 疑问词+不定式 to do She can't decide what to buy for her mother's birthday. 她不知道给妈妈买什么生日礼物。 We haven't decided where to hold the party. 2. 我们还没决定在哪里举办派对。 They are talking about how to solve the environmental problem. 3. 他们在讨论如何解决环境问题。 It's important to figure out how to achieve our goals. 弄清楚如何实现目标很重要。 4. 我不知道怎么做 I don’t know how to do it. I don’t know what to do. My deskmate Lily is good at writing. I asked her 1. ________ to improve my writing skills, and she told me that the key is not only 2. ________ to write but also 3. ________ to express true feelings how how what how wrestle with = struggle with 努力解决；竭力应对 Many developing countries wrestle with poverty and hunger 很多发展中国家在贫困和饥饿中挣扎。 He wrestled with guilt after hurting his friend 伤害朋友后，他深陷愧疚guilt之中。 run wild 失控；不受管教 The pandemic ran wild in some countries due to inadequate prevention. 由于防控不力，疫情在部分国家肆意蔓延。 keep sth from doing sth 阻止....做某事 It’s important to keep false rumors from spreading on social media. 阻止虚假谣言在社交媒体上传播很重要。 Measures have been taken to keep the crisis from ______ (bad). The new law is intended to keep the environment from ______ (pollute) wrosening being polluted mean doing… 意味着 put...in place 准备到位 work/be to one's advantage 对……有利 新规章制度最终将对我们有利。 Ultimately, the new regulations will work/be to our advantage. This means putting appropriate controls in place to make sure that genome editing will work to our advantage. (L35) 这意味着适当的管制要准备到位以确保基因组编辑会对我们有利。 Para 4 Without them, genome editing could be as dangerous ___ a car out of control.(L32) 含蓄虚拟语气 没有它们，基因组编辑就会像失去控制的车一样危险。 失控 as 71 Para 5 There is still much ______________ (explore) and debated on the subject of genome editing. 有待探索和讨论 涉及；关于...话题 在基因组编辑这个同题上还有很多有待探索和争论的地方。 to be explored Despite the public argument _____ this technology, its possibilities __________________(creat) much excitement throughout the entire medical community and beyond.(L40) have been creating over 尽管(+n.) 尽管公众对这项技术存在争议，但它的可能性已经在整个医学界和其他领域引起了极大的兴奋。 Despite the heavy rain, we still went to school on time. 尽管雨下得很大，我们还是按时上学了。 She passed the exam despite studying only for a week. 尽管只复习了一周，她还是通过了考试。 Although he is young, he has a lot of work experience. 尽管他年纪小，但他有丰富的工作 =Despite the fact that he is young, he has a lot of work experience. ______ the bad traffic, we arrived on time. ______ she is not good at English, she tries her best to learn it. He never gives up ______ facing so many challenges. depite ＋短语 尽管 despite the fact ＋句子 1. 科学进步 2. 在…中起关键作用 3. 取决于；依赖；依靠 4. 使某人更有可能怎么样 5. 涉及，与…相关 6. 一种有效的治愈和预防疾病的方法 7. 把….应用到 8. 各种各样的 9. 恢复盲人的视力 10. 先天耳聋 11. 使做某事成为可能 12. 防止/阻止某人干某事 13. 作为抗击疾病斗争中的新武器 scientific advances（L4） play a critical role in (doing) sth(L6) make sb more likely to do sth(L12) relate to(L14) depend on(L7) an effective means of disease treatment and prevention(L15) a wide range/variety of(L18) restore a blind person’s vision(L19) be born deaf(L20) apply…to (L18) make it possible to do sth(L21) prevent sb from doing sth(L21-22) serve as a new weapon in the fight against disease(L23) 75 14.带来本质上的改变 15. 快速发展 16. 限制/限定为…… 17. 禁止某人做某事 18. 对...的抵抗（力） 19. 努力处理；全力解决 20. 道德伦理问题 21. 弄清楚，明白 22. 阻止...疯狂发展 23. 让...准备就绪 24. 对...有利 25. 涉及……时(para5) 26. 在整个医学界 27. 无疑 lead to a fundamental change（L23） develop at a fast pace(L25) restrict sth to ...(L27) prohibit sb from doing sth(L27) resistance to sth(L29) wrestle with sth= struggle to deal with sth(L34) moral issues(L34) figure out(L35) keep sth from running wild(L35) put …in place(L35-36) to one’s advantage(L36-37) without doubt(L42) throughout the entire medical community(L41) on the subject of(L39) 76 Thank you! 串记拓展词汇 1.chemist n.药剂师,药商;化学家→______________ n.化学→______________ adj.与化学有关的;化学的  2.specialize(also specialise) vi.专门研究(或从事),专攻→______________ adj.专用的,专业的,专门的→______________ adj.特别的;特殊的　n.特别的东西;特价  3.affect vt.影响;侵袭,使感染;深深打动→____________ adj.感人的,动人的 →______________ adj.受到影响的→______________ n.友爱,影响,疾病  chemistry chemical specialized special affecting affected affection 4.relate vi.& vt.联系,使有联系;叙述,讲述→______________ adj.有关系的,有关联的;讲述的,叙述的→______________ n.相关物→______________ n.关系;叙述  5.identify vt.找到,发现;确认,认出;显示,说明身份→______________ n.鉴定,识别;认同;身份证明  6.delete vt.删去,删除→______________ n.删除  7.restore vt.恢复;修复;使复原,使复位→______________ n.恢复;归还  8.abnormal adj.反常的,畸形的→__________ adj.正常的;正规的;标准的  related relative relation identification deletion　 restoration　 normal 9.restrict vt.限制,限定;束缚,妨碍;约束,管束→______________ n.限制;约束;束缚  10.prohibit vt.(尤指以法令)禁止;使不可能→______________ adj.禁止的→______________ n.禁止;禁令  11.resistance n.抵抗力;抵制,反对;抵抗,反抗→______________ v.抵抗,抗拒;忍住  12.characteristic n.特征,特点 adj.典型的,独特的→______________ n.性格;品质;特征;人物,角色  13.ripe adj.成熟的;时机成熟的→______________ vt.& vi.(使)成熟  restriction prohibitive prohibition resist character　 ripen Ⅱ.重点短语 1.　　　　　　　　 依靠  2.　　　　　　　　 涉及,与……相关  3.　　　　　　　　 把……运用到……中  4.　　 　　　　　　 禁止某人做某事  5.　　　　　　　　 努力处理,全力解决  6.　　　　　　　　 准备就绪  7.　　　　　　　　 失控  8.　　　　　　　　 毫无疑问,的确  9.　　　　　　　　 充当;起……作用  10.　　　　　　　　 高龄  depend on　 relate to　 apply...to... prohibit sb from doing sth　 wrestle with　 put sth in place　 out of control　 without doubt　 function as　 a ripe old age 2021 Other 240551.17 $