Unit 1 Time to Relax 语法讲解（英语新教材人教版八年级下册）

该初中英语讲义以动词不定式为核心，通过“基础-句法作用-特殊结构-常用搭配-疑难辨析”的逻辑链条构建知识体系，并用“动词不定式用法总结表”系统梳理作主语、表语等七种句法作用的用法说明与例句，清晰呈现知识脉络及重难点内在联系。 讲义亮点在于分层练习设计，涵盖情景对话、完形填空等题型，如“疑问词+不定式”转换练习（例：how to get there=how I can get there）培养语言运用能力，感官动词后do/doing辨析（例：see sb. do/doing）提升思维品质，综合练习支持不同层次学生巩固，助力教师实施精准复习教学。

Unit 1 Time to Relax —— 动词不定式语法详解 一、动词不定式基础 【构成形式】 · 基本形式：to + 动词原形 · 否定形式：not + to + 动词原形 例句：· To travel around the world is his dream.（环游世界是他的梦想。） · He decided not to go to the party.（他决定不去派对。） 练习题： ( ) 1. 下列哪个句子使用了动词不定式的否定形式？ A. He wants not to go. B. He decided not to go. C. He not to go decided. 二、动词不定式的句法作用 1. 作主语 例句：· To learn a new language takes time.（学习一门新语言需要时间。） · To help others makes us happy.（帮助他人让我们快乐。） 练习题： ( ) 2. ______ English well is not easy. A. Learn B. Learning C. To learn 2. 作表语 例句：· His hobby is to collect stamps.（他的爱好是集邮。） · The most important thing is to stay healthy.（最重要的事情是保持健康。） 练习题： ( ) 3. My dream is ______ a doctor. A. Become B. to become C. becoming 3. 作宾语 例句：· She hopes to visit Beijing one day.（她希望有一天去北京。） · They agreed to help us with the project.（他们同意帮助我们做这个项目。） 练习题： ( ) 4. He decided ______ a new bike. A. Buy B. to buy C. buying 4. 作宾语补足语 例句：· My mother wants me to clean my room.（我妈妈想让我打扫房间。） · The teacher encouraged us to speak English in class.（老师鼓励我们在课堂上说英语。） 练习题： ( ) 5. My father asked me ______ him with the dishes. A. Help B. to help C. helping 5. 作定语 例句：· I have a lot of work to do today.（我今天有很多工作要做。） · She has no time to watch TV.（她没有时间看电视。） 练习题： ( ) 6. Do you have anything ______? A. Say B. to say C. saying 6. 作目的状语 例句：· He went to the library to borrow some books.（他去图书馆借书。） · She exercises every day to keep fit.（她每天锻炼以保持健康。） 练习题： ( ) 7. I got up early ______ the first bus. A. catch B. to catch C. catching 三、“疑问词+不定式”结构 【用法】 可与what, which, how, where, when等连用，常作主语、宾语、表语等。 例句：· What to do next is still unknown.（下一步做什么还不知道。）——作主语 · Can you tell me where to buy tickets?（你能告诉我在哪里买票吗？）——作宾语 · The question is when to start.（问题是什么时候开始。）——作表语 练习题： ( ) 8. I don't know ______ for the party. A. what to wear B. how to wear C. where to wear 【转换】相当于“疑问词 + 主语 + should/can + 动词” 例句：· I'm not sure how to get there. = I'm not sure how I can get there.（我不确定怎么去那里。） · She asked me when to leave. = She asked me when she should leave.（她问我她什么时候应该离开。） 练习题： ( ) 9. Could you tell me ______ to the station? A. how get B. how to get C. how getting 四、含动词不定式的常用搭配 1. 接不定式作宾语（V. + to do） 常见动词：agree, decide, hope, plan, want, wish, need, learn, try, forget, remember等 例句：· I hope to see you soon.（我希望很快见到你。） · She forgot to lock the door.（她忘记锁门了。） 练习题： ( ) 10. He agreed ______ me with my homework. A. Help B. to help C. helping 2. 接不定式作补语（V. + sb. + to do） 常见动词：tell, ask, want, expect, encourage, invite, warn等 例句：· She invited me to join her birthday party.（她邀请我参加她的生日派对。） · The doctor warned him not to smoke.（医生警告他不要吸烟。） 练习题： ( ) 11. The teacher told us ______ late for school. A. not be B. not to be C. don't be 3. 省略to的不定式（V. + sb. + do） 感官动词：see, hear, watch, notice, feel 使役动词：let, make, have 例句：· I saw him cross the street.（我看见他过了马路。） · Let me help you.（让我帮你。） · The joke made us laugh.（那个笑话让我们笑了。） 练习题： ( ) 12. I heard someone ______ the door. A. open B. to open C. opening 五、疑难辨析：不带to的不定式(do) vs 现在分词(doing) hear/see/watch/notice + sb. + do 用法：强调动作经常发生或看见/听见动作的全过程 例句：· I often see them play basketball after school.（我经常看见他们放学后打篮球。） · Did you notice him leave the room?（你注意到他离开房间了吗？） hear/see/watch/notice + sb. + doing 用法：强调动作正在进行 例句：· When I passed the park, I saw some children flying kites.（当我经过公园时，我看见一些孩子正在放风筝。） · I heard someone singing in the next room.（我听见隔壁有人正在唱歌。） 练习题： ( ) 13. When I walked into the room, I saw her ______ a letter. A. write B. to write C. writing ( ) 14. I often watch them ______ soccer on weekends. A. play B. to play C. playing 六、动词不定式用法总结表 句法作用 用法说明 例句 作主语 不定式短语作主语，谓语用单数 To travel abroad is exciting. 作表语 位于系动词后，说明主语内容 His job is to teach English. 作宾语 位于及物动词后，作动词的宾语 She wants to buy a car. 作宾补 补充说明宾语的动作 He told me to wait here. 作定语 修饰名词或代词，后置 I have a book to read. 作状语 表示目的、结果、原因等 He came to see me. 疑问词+to do 相当于疑问词引导的宾语从句 I know how to do it. 【综合练习】 一、情景对话 根据情景，选择正确的选项完成对话。 ( ) 1. A: I'm so tired after the long walk. B: Why don't we stop ______ a rest? A. Having B. to have C. have ( ) 2. A: What do you usually do on weekends? B: I often go to the park ______ kites with my sister. A. Fly B. to fly C. flying ( ) 3. A: Did you finish your homework? B: Not yet. The teacher told us ______ three compositions. A. write B. to write C. writing ( ) 4. A: I failed the math exam again. B: Don't give up. Try your best ______ better next time. A. do B. to do C. doing ( ) 5. A: Would you like ______ to my birthday party? B: I'd love to. Thank you! A. come B. to come C. coming 二、完形填空 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。 Last Sunday, my cousin invited me (1) ______ to the beach with her. I was very happy because I love (2) ______ in the sea. When we arrived, we saw many people (3) ______ volleyball on the sand. My cousin wanted (4) ______ them, so she asked me (5) ______ with her. We had a great time together. ( ) 1. A. go B. to go C. going ( )2. A. swim B. to swim C. swimming ( )3. A. play B. to play C. playing ( ) 4. A. join B. to join C. joining ( ) 5. A. join B. to join C. joining 三、句型转换 改写下列句子，保持意思不变。 1. My mother wants me to clean my room. → My mother asked ______ ______ clean my room. 2. I don't know how I can solve this problem. → I don't know ______ ______ solve this problem. 3. It is important to drink enough water every day. → ______ enough water every day ______ important. 4. He went to the library so that he could borrow some books. → He went to the library ______ ______ some books. 5. She saw that someone was entering the room. → She saw someone ______ the room. 四、翻译填空 根据中文提示，完成下列句子。 1. 我希望能尽快收到你的来信。 I hope ______ ______ from you soon. 2. 妈妈让我不要熬夜太晚。 My mother told me ______ ______ ______ up too late. 3. 你能告诉我怎么去邮局吗？ Can you tell me ______ ______ get to the post office? 4. 每天花一小时读书是个好习惯。 It's a good habit ______ ______ an hour reading every day. 5. 我听见有人在外面唱歌。 I heard someone ______ outside. 五、连词成句 将下列单词连成完整的句子。 1. to / wants / be / he / a / doctor / . ______________________________________________________________________. 2. me / helped / with / my / she / homework / to / do / . ______________________________________________________________________. 3. important / is / it / early / to / up / get / ? ______________________________________________________________________. 4. noticed / I / leave / him / the / room / . ______________________________________________________________________. 5. to / relax / music / listen / I / to / love / . ______________________________________________________________________. 六、短文改错 下列句子中各有一处错误，请找出并改正。 1. He decided not to giving up easily. ______ 2. My mother made me to clean my room. ______ 3. I saw him to cross the street just now. ______ 4. Why not to join us for dinner? ______ 5. It's important drink enough water every day. ______ 七、完成句子 根据句意和首字母提示，完成下列句子。 1. My dream is t______ become a scientist. 2. The teacher asked us n______ to be late for school. 3. I often see them p______ basketball on the playground. 4. Can you tell me h______ to get to the library? 5. It's time f______ us to have lunch. 八、语篇填空 用所给动词的适当形式填空。 Dear Diary, Today was a great day! My friend invited me (1) ______ (go) to the cinema with her. We decided (2) ______ (watch) a comedy because we wanted (3) ______ (relax). On the way, we saw some street performers (4) ______ (dance) in the square. It was fun (5) ______ (watch) them. I hope (6) ______ (have) more days like this! 九、句型转换（同义句） 改写下列句子，使其意思不变。 1. It seems that he knows the answer. → He seems ______ ______ the answer. 2. My father allowed me to go to the party. → My father let ______ ______ to the party. 3. The box is so heavy that I can't carry it. → The box is ______ heavy for me ______ carry. 4. I don't know where I should put my bag. → I don't know ______ ______ put my bag. 5. She went to the supermarket because she wanted to buy some milk. → She went to the supermarket ______ ______ some milk. 十、情景反应 根据问句，选择正确的答语。 ( ) 1. Why did you go to the library? A. To borrow some books. B. Borrow some books. C. For borrow some books. ( ) 2. What did the teacher tell you? A. She told us study hard. B. She told us to study hard. C. She told us studying hard. ( ) 3. Would you like to join us? A. Yes, I'd love to. B. Yes, I'd love. C. Yes, I love. ( ) 4. What do you usually do to relax? A. I listen to music relax. B. I listen to music to relax. C. I listen to music for relax. ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 1 Time to Relax —— 动词不定式语法详解 一、动词不定式基础 【构成形式】 · 基本形式：to + 动词原形 · 否定形式：not + to + 动词原形 例句：· To travel around the world is his dream.（环游世界是他的梦想。） · He decided not to go to the party.（他决定不去派对。） 练习题： ( ) 1. 下列哪个句子使用了动词不定式的否定形式？ A. He wants not to go. B. He decided not to go. C. He not to go decided. 【答案】 B 【解析】 考查动词不定式的否定形式。动词不定式的否定形式是not + to + 动词原形。选项B中not to go符合这一结构。故选B。 二、动词不定式的句法作用 1. 作主语 例句：· To learn a new language takes time.（学习一门新语言需要时间。） · To help others makes us happy.（帮助他人让我们快乐。） 练习题： ( ) 2. ______ English well is not easy. A. Learn B. Learning C. To learn 【答案】 C 【解析】 考查不定式作主语。不定式短语To learn English well在句中作主语，表示抽象概念。选项B Learning也可作主语，但本题考查不定式形式。故选C。 2. 作表语 例句：· His hobby is to collect stamps.（他的爱好是集邮。） · The most important thing is to stay healthy.（最重要的事情是保持健康。） 练习题： ( ) 3. My dream is ______ a doctor. A. Become B. to become C. becoming 【答案】 B 【解析】 考查不定式作表语。系动词is后接不定式to become作表语，说明主语的内容。故选B。 3. 作宾语 例句：· She hopes to visit Beijing one day.（她希望有一天去北京。） · They agreed to help us with the project.（他们同意帮助我们做这个项目。） 练习题： ( ) 4. He decided ______ a new bike. A. Buy B. to buy C. buying 【答案】 B 【解析】 考查不定式作宾语。decide to do sth.是固定搭配，不定式to buy作宾语。故选B。 4. 作宾语补足语 例句：· My mother wants me to clean my room.（我妈妈想让我打扫房间。） · The teacher encouraged us to speak English in class.（老师鼓励我们在课堂上说英语。） 练习题： ( ) 5. My father asked me ______ him with the dishes. A. Help B. to help C. helping 【答案】 B 【解析】 考查不定式作宾语补足语。ask sb. to do sth.是固定搭配，不定式to help作宾补。故选B。 5. 作定语 例句：· I have a lot of work to do today.（我今天有很多工作要做。） · She has no time to watch TV.（她没有时间看电视。） 练习题： ( ) 6. Do you have anything ______? A. Say B. to say C. saying 【答案】 B 【解析】 考查不定式作定语。不定式to say作后置定语修饰anything，意为“要说的话”。故选B。 6. 作目的状语 例句：· He went to the library to borrow some books.（他去图书馆借书。） · She exercises every day to keep fit.（她每天锻炼以保持健康。） 练习题： ( ) 7. I got up early ______ the first bus. A. catch B. to catch C. catching 【答案】 B 【解析】 考查不定式作目的状语。不定式to catch表示早起的目的，意为“为了赶上第一班车”。故选B。 三、“疑问词+不定式”结构 【用法】 可与what, which, how, where, when等连用，常作主语、宾语、表语等。 例句：· What to do next is still unknown.（下一步做什么还不知道。）——作主语 · Can you tell me where to buy tickets?（你能告诉我在哪里买票吗？）——作宾语 · The question is when to start.（问题是什么时候开始。）——作表语 练习题： ( ) 8. I don't know ______ for the party. A. what to wear B. how to wear C. where to wear 【答案】 A 【解析】 考查“疑问词+不定式”结构。“穿什么”应用what to wear。how to wear表示“怎么穿”，where to wear表示“在哪儿穿”，不符合句意。故选A。 【转换】相当于“疑问词 + 主语 + should/can + 动词” 例句：· I'm not sure how to get there. = I'm not sure how I can get there.（我不确定怎么去那里。） · She asked me when to leave. = She asked me when she should leave.（她问我她什么时候应该离开。） 练习题： ( ) 9. Could you tell me ______ to the station? A. how get B. how to get C. how getting 【答案】 B 【解析】 考查“疑问词+不定式”结构。how to get to the station = how I can get to the station，意为“如何去车站”。故选B。 四、含动词不定式的常用搭配 1. 接不定式作宾语（V. + to do） 常见动词：agree, decide, hope, plan, want, wish, need, learn, try, forget, remember等 例句：· I hope to see you soon.（我希望很快见到你。） · She forgot to lock the door.（她忘记锁门了。） 练习题： ( ) 10. He agreed ______ me with my homework. A. Help B. to help C. helping 【答案】 B 【解析】 考查接不定式作宾语的动词。agree to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“同意做某事”。故选B。 2. 接不定式作补语（V. + sb. + to do） 常见动词：tell, ask, want, expect, encourage, invite, warn等 例句：· She invited me to join her birthday party.（她邀请我参加她的生日派对。） · The doctor warned him not to smoke.（医生警告他不要吸烟。） 练习题： ( ) 11. The teacher told us ______ late for school. A. not be B. not to be C. don't be 【答案】 B 【解析】 考查接不定式作补语的动词。tell sb. not to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“告诉某人不要做某事”。故选B。 3. 省略to的不定式（V. + sb. + do） 感官动词：see, hear, watch, notice, feel 使役动词：let, make, have 例句：· I saw him cross the street.（我看见他过了马路。） · Let me help you.（让我帮你。） · The joke made us laugh.（那个笑话让我们笑了。） 练习题： ( ) 12. I heard someone ______ the door. A. open B. to open C. opening 【答案】 A 【解析】 考查省略to的不定式作宾补。hear sb. do sth.强调听见动作的全过程。若强调听见动作正在进行，则用hearing。根据句意，此处强调听见开门这件事，应用省略to的不定式。故选A。 五、疑难辨析：不带to的不定式(do) vs 现在分词(doing) hear/see/watch/notice + sb. + do 用法：强调动作经常发生或看见/听见动作的全过程 例句：· I often see them play basketball after school.（我经常看见他们放学后打篮球。） · Did you notice him leave the room?（你注意到他离开房间了吗？） hear/see/watch/notice + sb. + doing 用法：强调动作正在进行 例句：· When I passed the park, I saw some children flying kites.（当我经过公园时，我看见一些孩子正在放风筝。） · I heard someone singing in the next room.（我听见隔壁有人正在唱歌。） 练习题： ( ) 13. When I walked into the room, I saw her ______ a letter. A. write B. to write C. writing 【答案】 C 【解析】 考查感官动词后接现在分词作宾补。根据时间状语When I walked into the room（当我走进房间时），强调看见动作正在进行，应用see sb. doing sth.。故选C。 ( ) 14. I often watch them ______ soccer on weekends. A. play B. to play C. playing 【答案】 A 【解析】 考查感官动词后接省略to的不定式作宾补。根据频度副词often，表示经常发生的动作，应用watch sb. do sth.。故选A。 六、动词不定式用法总结表 句法作用 用法说明 例句 作主语 不定式短语作主语，谓语用单数 To travel abroad is exciting. 作表语 位于系动词后，说明主语内容 His job is to teach English. 作宾语 位于及物动词后，作动词的宾语 She wants to buy a car. 作宾补 补充说明宾语的动作 He told me to wait here. 作定语 修饰名词或代词，后置 I have a book to read. 作状语 表示目的、结果、原因等 He came to see me. 疑问词+to do 相当于疑问词引导的宾语从句 I know how to do it. 【综合练习】 一、情景对话 根据情景，选择正确的选项完成对话。 ( ) 1. A: I'm so tired after the long walk. B: Why don't we stop ______ a rest? A. Having B. to have C. have ( ) 2. A: What do you usually do on weekends? B: I often go to the park ______ kites with my sister. A. Fly B. to fly C. flying ( ) 3. A: Did you finish your homework? B: Not yet. The teacher told us ______ three compositions. A. write B. to write C. writing ( ) 4. A: I failed the math exam again. B: Don't give up. Try your best ______ better next time. A. do B. to do C. doing ( ) 5. A: Would you like ______ to my birthday party? B: I'd love to. Thank you! A. come B. to come C. coming 【答案】1.B 2.B 3.B 4.B 5.B 【解析】 1. B。考查stop to do sth.。根据情景“累了，停下来休息”，应用stop to have a rest。 2. B。考查不定式作目的状语。去公园的目的是放风筝，应用to fly。 3. B。考查tell sb. to do sth.。老师告诉我们写三篇作文，应用to write。 4. B。考查try one's best to do sth.。尽最大努力做得更好，应用to do。 5. B。考查would like to do sth.。would like to come意为“想要来”。 二、完形填空 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。 Last Sunday, my cousin invited me (1) ______ to the beach with her. I was very happy because I love (2) ______ in the sea. When we arrived, we saw many people (3) ______ volleyball on the sand. My cousin wanted (4) ______ them, so she asked me (5) ______ with her. We had a great time together. ( ) 1. A. go B. to go C. going ( )2. A. swim B. to swim C. swimming ( )3. A. play B. to play C. playing ( ) 4. A. join B. to join C. joining ( ) 5. A. join B. to join C. joining 【答案】1.B ； 2.C； 3.C ；4.B ；5.B 【解析】1. B。考查invite sb. to do sth.，邀请某人做某事。 2. C。考查love doing sth.，喜欢做某事（习惯性爱好）。 3. C。考查see sb. doing sth.，看见动作正在进行。 4. B。考查want to do sth.，想要做某事。 5. B。考查ask sb. to do sth.，请求某人做某事。 三、句型转换 改写下列句子，保持意思不变。 1. My mother wants me to clean my room. → My mother asked ______ ______ clean my room. 2. I don't know how I can solve this problem. → I don't know ______ ______ solve this problem. 3. It is important to drink enough water every day. → ______ enough water every day ______ important. 4. He went to the library so that he could borrow some books. → He went to the library ______ ______ some books. 5. She saw that someone was entering the room. → She saw someone ______ the room. 【答案】1.me to; 2. how to;3. Drinking ; is ; 4.to borrow; 5. entering 【解析】1. me to。ask sb. to do sth.意为“要求某人做某事”。 2. how to。“疑问词+不定式”结构，how to solve意为“如何解决”。 3. Drinking；is。动名词短语作主语，谓语动词用单数。 4. to borrow。不定式作目的状语，表示“为了借书”。 5. entering。see sb. doing sth.强调看见动作正在进行。 四、翻译填空。 根据中文提示，完成下列句子。 1. 我希望能尽快收到你的来信。 I hope ______ ______ from you soon. 2. 妈妈让我不要熬夜太晚。 My mother told me ______ ______ ______ up too late. 3. 你能告诉我怎么去邮局吗？ Can you tell me ______ ______ get to the post office? 4. 每天花一小时读书是个好习惯。 It's a good habit ______ ______ an hour reading every day. 5. 我听见有人在外面唱歌。 I heard someone ______ outside. 【答案】1. to hear；2. not to stay；3. how to；4. to spend；5. singing 五、连词成句。 将下列单词连成完整的句子。 1. to / wants / be / he / a / doctor / . ______________________________________________________________________. 2. me / helped / with / my / she / homework / to / do / . ______________________________________________________________________. 3. important / is / it / early / to / up / get / ? ______________________________________________________________________. 4. noticed / I / leave / him / the / room / . ______________________________________________________________________. 5. to / relax / music / listen / I / to / love / . ______________________________________________________________________. 【答案】1. He wants to be a doctor.want to do sth.想要做某事。 2. She helped me to do my homework.help sb. (to) do sth.帮助某人做某事。 3. Is it important to get up early?It is + adj + to do sth.的一般疑问句。 4. I noticed him leave the room.notice sb. do sth.注意到某人做了某事。 5. I love to listen to music to relax.love to do sth.喜欢做某事；to relax作目的状语。 六、短文改错 下列句子中各有一处错误，请找出并改正。 1. He decided not to giving up easily. ______ 2. My mother made me to clean my room. ______ 3. I saw him to cross the street just now. ______ 4. Why not to join us for dinner? ______ 5. It's important drink enough water every day. ______ 【答案】1. giving → give。decide to do sth.，不定式后接动词原形。 2. to clean → clean。make sb. do sth.，省略to的不定式。 3. to cross → cross。see sb. do sth.，省略to的不定式。 4. to go → go。Why not后接动词原形。 5. drink → to drink。It's + adj + to do sth.，不定式作真正主语。 七、完成句子 根据句意和首字母提示，完成下列句子。 1. My dream is t______ become a scientist. 2. The teacher asked us n______ to be late for school. 3. I often see them p______ basketball on the playground. 4. Can you tell me h______ to get to the library? 5. It's time f______ us to have lunch. 【答案】1. to；2. not；3.play ;4. how;5. for 八、语篇填空。 用所给动词的适当形式填空。 Dear Diary, Today was a great day! My friend invited me (1) ______ (go) to the cinema with her. We decided (2) ______ (watch) a comedy because we wanted (3) ______ (relax). On the way, we saw some street performers (4) ______ (dance) in the square. It was fun (5) ______ (watch) them. I hope (6) ______ (have) more days like this! 【答案】1. to go；2. to watch；3. to relax；4. dancing；5. to watch；6. to have 九、句型转换（同义句） 改写下列句子，使其意思不变。 1. It seems that he knows the answer. → He seems ______ ______ the answer. 2. My father allowed me to go to the party. → My father let ______ ______ to the party. 3. The box is so heavy that I can't carry it. → The box is ______ heavy for me ______ carry. 4. I don't know where I should put my bag. → I don't know ______ ______ put my bag. 5. She went to the supermarket because she wanted to buy some milk. → She went to the supermarket ______ ______ some milk. 【答案】1. to know；2. me go；3. too；to；4. where to；5. to buy 十、情景反应。 根据问句，选择正确的答语。 ( ) 1. Why did you go to the library? A. To borrow some books. B. Borrow some books. C. For borrow some books. ( ) 2. What did the teacher tell you? A. She told us study hard. B. She told us to study hard. C. She told us studying hard. ( ) 3. Would you like to join us? A. Yes, I'd love to. B. Yes, I'd love. C. Yes, I love. ( ) 4. What do you usually do to relax? A. I listen to music relax. B. I listen to music to relax. C. I listen to music for relax. 【答案】1.A；2.B；3.A；4.B ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $