Unit8单词用法讲解-2025-2026学年沪外教版英语八年级下册

2026-02-27
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学段 初中
学科 英语
教材版本 初中英语沪外教版八年级下册
年级 八年级
章节 Unit 8 High-tech world
类型 教案-讲义
知识点 -
使用场景 同步教学-单元练习
学年 2026-2027
地区(省份) 全国
地区(市) -
地区(区县) -
文件格式 DOCX
文件大小 41 KB
发布时间 2026-02-27
更新时间 2026-04-29
作者 课堂干货铺(关注我,主页搜资料,初中英语各版本,不定时更新)
品牌系列 -
审核时间 2026-02-27
下载链接 https://m.zxxk.com/soft/56582285.html
价格 0.00储值(1储值=1元)
来源 学科网

摘要:

该初中英语讲义通过结构化框架系统梳理了Unit8核心单词知识,每个单词均按“音标-词性词义-变形-固定短语-例句-练习”的逻辑呈现,清晰构建词形变化、搭配运用与语境理解的知识脉络,突出重点词汇的用法差异和内在联系。 讲义亮点在于“词形转换+语境应用”的分层练习设计,如用所给词适当形式填空、同义句转换等题型,助力学生夯实语言基础,提升语言运用能力与思维品质。练习附答案便于学生自主检测,教师可据此精准把握学生薄弱点,实施针对性复习教学。

内容正文:

沪外教英语八下Unit8单词用法讲解 virtual /ˈvɜːtʃuəl/ adj. (通过计算机软件,如在互联网上)模拟的,虚拟的;几乎的;实际上的 变形:名词 virtuality(模拟性;虚拟性;几乎;实际上);副词 virtually(模拟地;虚拟地;几乎;实际上) 固定短语:virtual reality 虚拟现实;a virtual world 虚拟世界 例句:Virtual reality technology allows us to experience things that are not possible in the real world.(虚拟现实技术让我们能够体验在现实世界中不可能的事情。) 练习:用所给词适当形式填空:The ______ (virtue) of the situation is that we have more time to prepare.(答案:virtue) automatically /ˌɔːtəˈmætɪkli/ adv. 自动地;无意识地;不假思索地 变形:形容词 automatic(自动的;无意识的;不假思索的);名词 automation(自动化;自动操作) 固定短语:turn on automatically 自动开启;react automatically 无意识地反应 例句:The lights turn on automatically when it gets dark.(天黑时,灯会自动亮起。) 练习:用所给词适当形式填空:The ______ (automate) of the factory has improved efficiency.(答案:automation) latest /ˈleɪtɪst/ adj. 最近的;最新的;最晚的 变形:形容词 late(晚的;迟的;最近的;最新的);副词 lately(最近;近来;不久前) 固定短语:the latest news 最新消息;latest technology 最新技术 例句:You should always use the latest version of the software to stay safe.(你应该始终使用最新版本的软件以保证安全。) 练习:用所给词适当形式填空:I haven't seen her ______ (late).(答案:lately) drive /draɪv/ v. 驾驶;开车;驱动;推动;驱使;n. 驾驶;车程;驱动力;干劲 变形:三单 drives;过去式 drove;过去分词 driven;现在分词 driving;名词 driver(司机;驾驶员;驱动程序) 固定短语:drive a car 开车;drive sb. crazy 把某人逼疯;驱使某人发疯 例句:She drove her children to school every morning before she went to work.(她每天早上上班前开车送孩子上学。) 练习:用所给词适当形式填空:The ______ (drive) of the car was very smooth.(答案:driving) yet /jet/ adv. 还;但是(用于否定句和疑问句,谈论尚未发生但可能发生的事);conj. 然而;但是 变形:副词 still(还;仍然;依旧);连词 but(但是;然而;可是) 固定短语:not yet 还没有;尚未;yet again 再一次;又一次 例句:She hasn't finished her homework yet, but she is working on it.(她还没有完成作业,但她正在做。) 练习:用所给词适当形式填空:We have not received a reply ______ (yet).(答案:yet) step /step/ n. 步;脚步;步骤;阶段;v. 迈步;踩;踏;走 变形:名词 stepping(迈步;踩;踏;走;步骤;阶段);形容词 step(步的;脚步的;步骤的;阶段的) 固定短语:take a step 迈出一步;take steps to do sth. 采取步骤做某事 例句:The first step to solving the problem is to understand it.(解决问题的第一步是理解它。) 练习:用所给词适当形式填空:She ______ (step) carefully over the puddle.(答案:stepped) wrist /rɪst/ n. 手腕;腕关节 变形:形容词 wrist(手腕的;腕关节的);名词 wristwatch(手表;腕表) 固定短语:a wristwatch 手表;腕表;twist one's wrist 扭动手腕 例句:She wore a beautiful bracelet on her wrist.(她手腕上戴着一个漂亮的手镯。) 练习:用所给词适当形式填空:The ______ (watch) on his wrist was very expensive.(答案:wristwatch) electric /ɪˈlektrɪk/ adj. 电的;电动的;发电的;令人激动的;紧张的 变形:名词 electricity(电;电流;电力;电学);副词 electrically(电地;电动地;发电地;令人激动地) 固定短语:an electric car 电动汽车;an electric atmosphere 令人激动的气氛;紧张的气氛 例句:The electric car is powered by a rechargeable battery.(电动汽车由可充电电池供电。) 练习:用所给词适当形式填空:The ______ (electricity) of the city is supplied by a power plant.(答案:electricity) navigate /ˈnævɪɡeɪt/ v. 导航;领航;找到正确的路径;(在互联网或应用程序中)浏览;操作 变形:名词 navigation(导航;领航;路径;浏览;操作);形容词 navigational(导航的;领航的;路径的;浏览的) 固定短语:navigate the streets 在街上导航;navigate the website 浏览网站;操作网站 例句:The app helps you navigate the city and find the best route to your destination.(这个应用程序帮助你在城市中导航,找到去目的地的最佳路线。) 练习:用所给词适当形式填空:The ______ (navigate) of the ship was very difficult in the storm.(答案:navigation) function /ˈfʌŋkʃn/ n. 功能;作用;职责;函数;v. 运转;运行;起作用;正常工作 变形:形容词 functional(功能的;作用的;运转的;运行的);副词 functionally(功能地;作用地;运转地;运行地) 固定短语:the function of… ……的功能;……的作用;function as… 起……的作用;作为……运转 例句:The function of the heart is to pump blood around the body.(心脏的功能是将血液泵送到全身。) 练习:用所给词适当形式填空:The machine is not ______ (function) properly.(答案:functioning) driverless /ˈdraɪvələs/ adj. 无人驾驶的;无司机的 变形:名词 driver(司机;驾驶员;驱动程序);形容词 driverless(无人驾驶的;无司机的) 固定短语:a driverless car 无人驾驶汽车;driverless technology 无人驾驶技术 例句:Driverless cars have the potential to reduce traffic accidents and improve road safety.(无人驾驶汽车有潜力减少交通事故,提高道路安全。) 练习:用所给词适当形式填空:The ______ (drive) of the truck was very experienced.(答案:driver) tap /tæp/ v. 轻敲;轻拍;轻叩;(用脚)打拍子;n. 轻敲;轻拍;轻叩;水龙头;阀门 变形:三单 taps;过去式/过去分词 tapped;现在分词 tapping;名词 tapper(轻敲者;轻拍者;打拍子的人) 固定短语:tap on the door 轻敲门;tap water 自来水;水龙头里的水 例句:She tapped her foot to the rhythm of the music.(她随着音乐的节奏用脚打拍子。) 练习:用所给词适当形式填空:The ______ (tap) of the rain on the roof was very soothing.(答案:tapping) application /ˌæplɪˈkeɪʃn/ n. 应用程序;应用软件;申请;请求;应用;运用 变形:动词 apply(申请;请求;应用;运用;涂;敷);形容词 applicable(可申请的;可应用的;可运用的;合适的) 固定短语:a mobile application 移动应用程序;应用软件;an application form 申请表;申请表格 例句:You can download the application from the app store for free.(你可以从应用商店免费下载这个应用程序。) 练习:用所给词适当形式填空:She ______ (apply) for a job at the company.(答案:applied) asleep /əˈsliːp/ adj. 睡着的;入睡的;麻木的;失去知觉的 变形:动词 sleep(睡觉;入睡;睡眠);形容词 sleepy(困倦的;瞌睡的;想睡的) 固定短语:fall asleep 入睡;睡着;fast asleep 熟睡;酣睡 例句:She was so tired that she fell asleep as soon as she got into bed.(她太累了,一上床就睡着了。) 练习:用所给词适当形式填空:The baby is ______ (sleep) soundly.(答案:asleep) although /ɔːlˈðəʊ/ conj. 虽然;尽管;即使 变形:连词 though(虽然;尽管;即使;可是;然而);副词 however(然而;可是;无论如何) 固定短语:although…, … 虽然……,但是……;even although 即使;尽管 例句:Although it was raining, we still went for a walk in the park.(虽然在下雨,但我们还是去公园散步了。) 练习:用所给词适当形式填空:______ (though) he is young, he is very wise.(答案:Although) already /ɔːlˈredi/ adv. 已经;早已;(表示惊奇)竟然 变形:副词 all ready(全部准备好;一切就绪);形容词 ready(准备好的;现成的;乐意的) 固定短语:already done 已经完成;早已完成;already known 已经知道;早已知道 例句:I have already finished my homework, so I can watch TV now.(我已经完成了作业,所以现在可以看电视了。) 练习:用所给词适当形式填空:We are ______ (ready) for the trip.(答案:all ready) society /səˈsaɪəti/ n. 社会;社团;协会;上流社会;社交界 变形:形容词 social(社会的;社交的;交际的;群居的);副词 socially(社会地;社交地;交际地;群居地) 固定短语:modern society 现代社会;a charity society 慈善社团;慈善协会 例句:Society has changed a lot in the last 50 years.(在过去的50年里,社会发生了很大的变化。) 练习:用所给词适当形式填空:She is very ______ (social) and likes to meet new people.(答案:social) company /ˈkʌmpəni/ n. 公司;商号;陪伴;陪同;同伴;伙伴 变形:动词 accompany(陪伴;陪同;伴随;伴奏);形容词 companionable(友好的;好交际的;适合做同伴的) 固定短语:a software company 软件公司;keep sb. company 陪伴某人;陪同某人 例句:She works for a large company that makes mobile phones.(她在一家制造手机的大公司工作。) 练习:用所给词适当形式填空:He ______ (accompany) her to the party.(答案:accompanied) avoidance /əˈvɔɪdəns/ n. 避免;防止;回避;避开 变形:动词 avoid(避免;防止;回避;避开);形容词 avoidable(可避免的;可防止的;可回避的;可避开的) 固定短语:the avoidance of… ……的避免;……的防止;tax avoidance 避税;合法避税 例句:The avoidance of conflict is an important skill in any relationship.(避免冲突是任何关系中的一项重要技能。) 练习:用所给词适当形式填空:The accident was ______ (avoid) if the driver had been more careful.(答案:avoidable) sensor /ˈsensə(r)/ n. (探测光、热、压力等的)传感器;敏感元件;探测设备 变形:动词 sense(感觉到;意识到;检测到;感知);形容词 sensory(感觉的;感官的;感知的) 固定短语:a temperature sensor 温度传感器;a motion sensor 运动传感器;移动传感器 例句:The sensor detects the presence of a person and turns on the light automatically.(传感器检测到有人,就会自动开灯。) 练习:用所给词适当形式填空:She ______ (sense) that something was wrong.(答案:sensed) self-driving /ˌselfˈdraɪvɪŋ/ adj. 无人驾驶的;自动驾驶的 变形:名词 self-driving car 无人驾驶汽车;自动驾驶汽车;形容词 self-driving(无人驾驶的;自动驾驶的) 固定短语:a self-driving vehicle 无人驾驶车辆;自动驾驶车辆;self-driving technology 无人驾驶技术;自动驾驶技术 例句:Self-driving cars are being tested on public roads in many countries around the world.(无人驾驶汽车正在世界上许多国家的公共道路上进行测试。) 练习:用所给词适当形式填空:The ______ (drive) of the car is very smooth.(答案:self-driving) spaceship /ˈspeɪsʃɪp/ n. 太空飞船;宇宙飞船 变形:名词 space(太空;空间;距离;空白);形容词 spaceship(太空飞船的;宇宙飞船的) 固定短语:a manned spaceship 载人太空飞船;载人宇宙飞船;launch a spaceship 发射太空飞船;发射宇宙飞船 例句:The spaceship travelled to Mars and collected samples of the planet's surface.(太空飞船前往火星,收集了该行星表面的样本。) 练习:用所给词适当形式填空:The ______ (space) is very vast and mysterious.(答案:space) truck /trʌk/ n. 卡车;货车;手推车;手拉车 变形:动词 truck(用卡车运输;用货车运输;交易;打交道);形容词 truck(卡车的;货车的;手推车的;手拉车的) 固定短语:a delivery truck 送货卡车;送货货车;a garbage truck 垃圾车;垃圾卡车 例句:The truck was carrying a load of construction materials to the building site.(卡车正将一批建筑材料运到建筑工地。) 练习:用所给词适当形式填空:The ______ (truck) driver was very experienced.(答案:truck) whether /ˈweðə(r)/ conj. (表示迟疑或两个可能性之间的选择)是否;不管;无论 变形:连词 if(是否;如果;假如;是否);形容词 whether(是否的;不管的;无论的) 固定短语:whether… or… 是……还是……;不管……还是……;whether or not 是否;无论是否 例句:I don't know whether to go to the party or stay at home.(我不知道是去派对还是待在家里。) 练习:用所给词适当形式填空:______ (if) you like it or not, you have to do it.(答案:Whether) fall asleep 入睡;睡着(固定短语) 例句:She fell asleep while she was reading a book.(她在看书的时候睡着了。) 练习:同义句转换:She went to sleep quickly. → She ______ ______ quickly.(答案:fell asleep) take control of 管理;控制(固定短语) 例句:The new manager took control of the company and made many changes.(新经理接管了公司,并做了很多改变。) 练习:用所给词适当形式填空:The army ______ ______ ______ the city after the revolution.(答案:took control of) cost /kɒst/ v. 需付费;价钱为;使付出;使损失;n. 费用;成本;代价;损失 变形:形容词 costly(昂贵的;代价高的;造成损失的);副词 costlessly(免费地;无代价地;无损失地) 固定短语:at all costs 不惜一切代价;无论如何;the cost of living 生活费用;生活成本 例句:The new car costs a lot of money, but it is worth it.(这辆新车很贵,但它物有所值。) 练习:用所给词适当形式填空:The ______ (cost) of the project was very high.(答案:cost) disabled /dɪsˈeɪbld/ adj. 丧失能力的;有残疾的;无能力的;n. 残疾人;丧失能力者 变形:动词 disable(使丧失能力;使有残疾;使无能力;禁用);名词 disability(丧失能力;残疾;无能力;缺陷) 固定短语:a disabled person 残疾人;丧失能力者;disabled access 残疾人通道;无障碍通道 例句:The building has been modified to provide access for disabled people.(这座建筑经过改造,为残疾人提供了通道。) 练习:用所给词适当形式填空:The ______ (disable) of the computer was caused by a virus.(答案:disability) camera /ˈkæmərə/ n. 照相机;摄影机;摄像机;(计算机的)摄像头 变形:名词 cameraman(摄影师;摄像师;电影摄影师);形容词 camera(照相机的;摄影机的;摄像机的;摄像头的) 固定短语:a digital camera 数码相机;a video camera 摄像机;摄影机 例句:She took a lot of photos with her new camera on her trip.(她在旅行中用新相机拍了很多照片。) 练习:用所给词适当形式填空:The ______ (camera) was very expensive.(答案:camera) monitor /ˈmɒnɪtə(r)/ v. 监视;检查;监控;监听;n. 监视器;显示屏;班长;监督员 变形:名词 monitoring(监视;检查;监控;监听;监督);形容词 monitor(监视的;检查的;监控的;监听的) 固定短语:monitor the situation 监视情况;检查情况;a computer monitor 计算机显示器;显示屏 例句:The doctor monitored the patient's heart rate closely after the operation.(医生在手术后密切监测病人的心率。) 练习:用所给词适当形式填空:The ______ (monitor) of the elections was very important.(答案:monitoring) technological /ˌteknəˈlɒdʒɪkl/ adj. 科技的;技术的;工艺的 变形:名词 technology(科技;技术;工艺;技术设备);副词 technologically(科技地;技术地;工艺地) 固定短语:technological advances 科技进步;技术进步;technological innovation 科技创新;技术创新 例句:Technological progress has changed the way we live and work.(科技进步改变了我们生活和工作的方式。) 练习:用所给词适当形式填空:The ______ (technology) of the future is very exciting.(答案:technology) printer /ˈprɪntə(r)/ n. 打印机(尤指与计算机相连的);印刷工;印刷商 变形:动词 print(打印;印刷;出版;发表);名词 printing(打印;印刷;出版;发表;印刷术) 固定短语:a laser printer 激光打印机;print the document 打印文件;印刷文件 例句:You can connect the printer to your computer via a USB cable.(你可以通过USB线将打印机连接到你的电脑上。) 练习:用所给词适当形式填空:The ______ (print) of the book was very beautiful.(答案:printing) artificial /ˌɑːtɪˈfɪʃl/ adj. 人工的;人造的;假的;矫揉造作的;不自然的 变形:名词 artificiality(人工;人造;假;矫揉造作;不自然);副词 artificially(人工地;人造地;假地;矫揉造作地) 固定短语:artificial intelligence 人工智能;artificial flowers 人造花;假花 例句:The lake was created by building an artificial dam across the river.(这个湖是通过在河上建一座人造大坝而形成的。) 练习:用所给词适当形式填空:The ______ (artifice) of the smile was obvious.(答案:artificiality) collar /ˈkɒlə(r)/ n. 颈圈;衣领;领子;(动物的)项圈;v. 抓住;逮住;揪住 变形:形容词 collared(有衣领的;有项圈的;被抓住的;被逮住的);名词 collarless(无衣领的;无项圈的) 固定短语:a dog collar 狗项圈;a shirt collar 衬衫衣领;衬衫领子 例句:The police collared the suspect as he was trying to escape.(警察在嫌疑人试图逃跑时抓住了他。) 练习:用所给词适当形式填空:The ______ (collar) of the shirt was very dirty.(答案:collar) sketch /sketʃ/ n. 草图;速写;素描;梗概;简述;v. 画草图;速写;素描;简述;概述 变形:名词 sketchbook(速写本;素描本;草图本);形容词 sketchy(粗略的;梗概的;速写的;素描的) 固定短语:a sketch of the plan 计划的草图;计划的梗概;a pencil sketch 铅笔速写;铅笔素描 例句:She made a quick sketch of the landscape before she started painting.(她在开始画画前,快速画了一张风景的草图。) 练习:用所给词适当形式填空:The ______ (sketch) of the building was very detailed.(答案:sketch) mode /məʊd/ n. 模式;方式;风格;样式;(音乐的)调式 变形:形容词 modal(模式的;方式的;风格的;样式的;调式的);副词 modally(模式地;方式地;风格地;样式地;调式地) 固定短语:a different mode of transport 不同的交通方式;a sleep mode 睡眠模式;休眠模式 例句:You can switch the phone to silent mode when you are in a meeting.(你可以在开会时将手机切换到静音模式。) 练习:用所给词适当形式填空:The ______ (modal) of the music is very interesting.(答案:mode) nap /næp/ n. 小睡,打盹;(织物的)绒毛;v. 小睡,打盹;疏忽;不留神 变形:形容词 napping(小睡的;打盹的;疏忽的;不留神的);名词 napper(打盹的人;瞌睡虫;疏忽的人) 固定短语:take a nap 小睡;打盹;catch a nap 趁机小睡;趁机打盹 例句:She likes to take a short nap after lunch to recharge her energy.(她喜欢在午饭后小睡一会儿,以恢复精力。) 练习:用所给词适当形式填空:The ______ (nap) of the carpet is very soft.(答案:nap) replace /rɪˈpleɪs/ v. 代替;取代;更换;替换;把……放回原处 变形:名词 replacement(代替;取代;更换;替换;替代品;替换物);形容词 replaceable(可代替的;可取代的;可更换的;可替换的) 固定短语:replace… with… 用……代替……;用……取代……;replace the battery 更换电池;替换电池 例句:The old computer was replaced with a new, more powerful model.(旧电脑被一台新的、功能更强大的型号所取代。) 练习:用所给词适当形式填空:The ______ (replace) of the old equipment will improve efficiency.(答案:replacement) compare /kəmˈpeə(r)/ v. 比较;对比;比作;比喻;n. 比较;对比 变形:名词 comparison(比较;对比;比作;比喻;比较级);形容词 comparative(比较的;对比的;相对的;比较级的) 固定短语:compare… to… 把……比作……;比喻……;compare… with… 把……和……比较;把……和……对比 例句:It is not fair to compare apples and oranges because they are very different.(把苹果和橘子进行比较是不公平的,因为它们非常不同。) 练习:用所给词适当形式填空:The ______ (compare) of the two plans is very useful.(答案:comparison) require /rɪˈkwaɪə(r)/ v. 需要;依靠;要求;规定;使做(某事) 变形:名词 requirement(需要;依靠;要求;规定;必要条件);形容词 required(需要的;依靠的;要求的;规定的) 固定短语:require sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事;规定某人做某事;require careful consideration 需要仔细考虑;依靠仔细考虑 例句:The job requires a lot of experience and a good knowledge of English.(这份工作需要很多经验和良好的英语知识。) 练习:用所给词适当形式填空:The ______ (require) for the job is very high.(答案:requirement) ( 1 ) 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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Unit8单词用法讲解-2025-2026学年沪外教版英语八年级下册
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Unit8单词用法讲解-2025-2026学年沪外教版英语八年级下册
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Unit8单词用法讲解-2025-2026学年沪外教版英语八年级下册
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