内容正文:
沪外教英语八下Unit3单词用法讲解
soil /sɔɪl/ n. 土壤
变形:形容词 soiled(弄脏的;被土壤覆盖的);名词 soilness(土壤性)
固定短语:rich soil 肥沃的土壤;soil erosion 土壤侵蚀
例句:Plants need good soil to grow well.(植物需要好的土壤才能长得好。)
练习:用所给词适当形式填空:The ______ (soil) in this area is very fertile.(答案:soil)
sew /səʊ/ v. 缝;缝制;缝合
变形:三单 sews;过去式 sewed;过去分词 sewn / sewed;现在分词 sewing;名词 sewing(缝纫;缝制)
固定短语:sew a button 缝纽扣;sew a dress 缝制连衣裙
例句:She sewed a patch on the hole in her jeans.(她在牛仔裤的破洞上缝了一块补丁。)
练习:用所给词适当形式填空:The ______ (sew) of the quilt took a long time.(答案:sewing)
pattern /ˈpætn/ n. 图案;模式;花样
变形:动词 pattern(模仿;仿制;以图案装饰);形容词 patterned(有图案的;有花样的)
固定短语:a floral pattern 花卉图案;a pattern of behaviour 行为模式
例句:The wallpaper has a beautiful pattern of flowers.(这张壁纸有漂亮的花卉图案。)
练习:用所给词适当形式填空:The dress is ______ (pattern) with small dots.(答案:patterned)
lifelike /ˈlaɪflaɪk/ adj. 逼真的;栩栩如生的
变形:名词 lifelikeness(逼真;栩栩如生);副词 lifelikely(逼真地;栩栩如生地)
固定短语:a lifelike statue 逼真的雕像;a lifelike painting 栩栩如生的画
例句:The actor gave a lifelike performance of the character.(这位演员对角色的表演非常逼真。)
练习:用所给词适当形式填空:The ______ (lifelike) of the robot was amazing.(答案:lifelikeness)
clay /kleɪ/ n. 黏土;陶土
变形:形容词 clayey(黏土的;陶土的;黏土般的);名词 clayness(黏土性;陶土性)
固定短语:a clay pot 陶罐;clay sculpture 泥塑
例句:The potter used clay to make a beautiful vase.(陶艺家用黏土做了一个漂亮的花瓶。)
练习:用所给词适当形式填空:The ______ (clay) was moulded into a shape.(答案:clay)
decorate /ˈdekəreɪt/ v. 装饰;装潢;点缀
变形:名词 decoration(装饰;装潢;点缀;装饰品);形容词 decorative(装饰的;装潢的;点缀的)
固定短语:decorate a room 装饰房间;decorate for Christmas 为圣诞节装饰
例句:We decorated the house with balloons for the party.(我们为派对用气球装饰了房子。)
练习:用所给词适当形式填空:The ______ (decorate) of the hall was very beautiful.(答案:decoration)
statue /ˈstætʃuː/ n. 雕像;塑像;铸像
变形:动词 statue(用雕像装饰;用塑像装饰);形容词 statued(有雕像的;有塑像的)
固定短语:a bronze statue 青铜雕像;a statue of liberty 自由女神像
例句:The statue in the park is a memorial to the soldiers.(公园里的雕像是对士兵的纪念。)
练习:汉译英:这座雕像是为了纪念一位著名的作家。(答案:This statue is in memory of a famous writer.)
scissors /ˈsɪzəz/ n. 剪刀(复)
变形:名词 pair of scissors(一把剪刀);形容词 scissor(剪刀的;用剪刀剪的)
固定短语:a pair of scissors 一把剪刀;cut with scissors 用剪刀剪
例句:She used a pair of scissors to cut the paper.(她用一把剪刀剪纸。)
练习:用所给词适当形式填空:The ______ (scissor) are very sharp.(答案:scissors)
knife /naɪf/ n. 刀;刀具
变形:复数 knives;动词 knife(用刀刺;用刀切);形容词 knifelike(刀一样的;锋利的)
固定短语:a kitchen knife 菜刀;a pocket knife 小刀
例句:He used a knife to cut the bread.(他用刀切面包。)
练习:用所给词适当形式填空:The ______ (knife) were very sharp.(答案:knives)
pottery /ˈpɒtəri/ n. 制陶手艺;陶器;陶瓷制品
变形:名词 potter(陶艺家;制陶工人);形容词 potter's(陶艺家的;制陶工人的)
固定短语:a pottery workshop 制陶作坊;a piece of pottery 一件陶器
例句:She learned pottery at art school.(她在艺术学校学习制陶手艺。)
练习:用所给词适当形式填空:The ______ (potter) made a beautiful vase.(答案:potter)
embroidery /ɪmˈbrɔɪdəri/ n. 刺绣技法;刺绣;绣品
变形:动词 embroider(刺绣;用刺绣装饰);形容词 embroidered(刺绣的;用刺绣装饰的)
固定短语:a piece of embroidery 一件绣品;embroidery thread 绣线
例句:The dress was decorated with beautiful embroidery.(这条裙子用漂亮的刺绣装饰。)
练习:用所给词适当形式填空:She ______ (embroider) a flower on the handkerchief.(答案:embroidered)
figurine /ˌfɪɡjəˈriːn/ n. (人、动物的)小雕像
变形:形容词 figurined(有小雕像的;小雕像般的);名词 figurining(小雕像制作;小雕像)
固定短语:a porcelain figurine 瓷制小雕像;a collection of figurines 小雕像收藏
例句:She collects small figurines of animals from all over the world.(她收集来自世界各地的动物小雕像。)
练习:汉译英:这个小雕像是用黏土做的。(答案:This figurine is made of clay.)
bite /baɪt/ n. (咬下的)一口;v. 咬;咬伤;刺痛
变形:三单 bites;过去式 bit;过去分词 bitten;现在分词 biting;名词 biter(咬人的人或动物)
固定短语:take a bite 咬一口;a snake bite 蛇咬伤
例句:He took a bite of the apple.(他咬了一口苹果。)
练习:用所给词适当形式填空:The dog ______ (bite) the postman.(答案:bit)
passion /ˈpæʃn/ n. 强烈情感;激情;酷爱
变形:形容词 passionate(充满激情的;酷爱的);副词 passionately(充满激情地;酷爱地)
固定短语:a passion for… 对……的酷爱;passionate about… 对……充满激情
例句:She has a passion for music and plays the piano every day.(她酷爱音乐,每天都弹钢琴。)
练习:用所给词适当形式填空:He spoke ______ (passion) about his work.(答案:passionately)
whatever /wɒtˈevə/ pron. 任何;每一;任何事物;adj. 任何的;每一的
变形:形容词 whatsoever(任何的;每一的;丝毫的);副词 wheresoever(无论哪里;无论什么地方)
固定短语:whatever happens 无论发生什么;do whatever you want 做任何你想做的事
例句:You can choose whatever you like from the menu.(你可以从菜单上选择任何你喜欢的东西。)
练习:用所给词适当形式填空:______ (whatever) you do, do it well.(答案:Whatever)
material /məˈtɪəriəl/ n. 材料;原料;素材;adj. 物质的;实体的
变形:形容词 materialistic(物质主义的;唯物主义的);副词 materially(物质地;实体地)
固定短语:building materials 建筑材料;raw materials 原料
例句:We need to buy some materials for the art project.(我们需要为艺术项目买一些材料。)
练习:用所给词适当形式填空:The ______ (material) world is very important to him.(答案:material)
nearby /ˌnɪəˈbaɪ/ adj. 附近的;邻近的;adv. 在附近;邻近
变形:形容词 near(近的;邻近的);副词 near(近地;邻近地)
固定短语:a nearby shop 附近的商店;live nearby 住在附近
例句:There is a park nearby where we can go for a walk.(附近有一个公园,我们可以去那里散步。)
练习:用所给词适当形式填空:The ______ (near) supermarket is very convenient.(答案:nearby)
chocolate /ˈtʃɒklət/ n. 巧克力;朱古力
变形:形容词 chocolate(巧克力的;朱古力的);名词 chocolatier(巧克力师;朱古力师)
固定短语:a bar of chocolate 一块巧克力;hot chocolate 热巧克力
例句:She gave her child a piece of chocolate as a treat.(她给了孩子一块巧克力作为款待。)
练习:汉译英:巧克力是一种由可可豆制成的甜食。(答案:Chocolate is a sweet food made from cocoa beans.)
sculpture /ˈskʌlptʃə(r)/ n. 雕像;雕塑品;雕塑;v. 雕刻;雕塑
变形:名词 sculptor(雕塑家;雕刻家);形容词 sculptural(雕塑的;雕刻的)
固定短语:a stone sculpture 石雕;a sculpture garden 雕塑园
例句:The sculpture in the museum is very beautiful.(博物馆里的雕塑非常漂亮。)
练习:用所给词适当形式填空:The artist ______ (sculpt) a statue out of marble.(答案:sculpted)
skilled /skɪld/ adj. 有技能的;熟练的
变形:名词 skill(技能;技巧);副词 skilfully(有技能地;熟练地)
固定短语:skilled at… 擅长……;a skilled worker 熟练的工人
例句:He is a skilled carpenter and can make beautiful furniture.(他是一个熟练的木匠,能做出漂亮的家具。)
练习:用所给词适当形式填空:She has a lot of ______ (skill) in cooking.(答案:skills)
amazed /əˈmeɪzd/ adj. 大为惊奇的;惊讶的
变形:动词 amaze(使大为惊奇;使惊讶);名词 amazement(大为惊奇;惊讶)
固定短语:amazed at… 对……大为惊奇;amazed to do sth. 惊讶地做某事
例句:I was amazed by the beauty of the landscape.(我对风景的美丽大为惊奇。)
练习:用所给词适当形式填空:The ______ (amaze) of the crowd was obvious.(答案:amazement)
away /əˈweɪ/ adv. (时间或空间上)离开(某距离),在(某距离)处;去别处;朝另一个方向
变形:形容词 away(离开的;远离的);副词 awayness(离开;远离)
固定短语:go away 离开;远离;right away 立即;马上
例句:She moved away from the city to live in the countryside.(她离开城市搬到了乡下。)
练习:用所给词适当形式填空:We need to leave ______ (away) now.(答案:right away)
heartbreaking /ˈhɑːtbreɪkɪŋ/ adj. 令人心碎的
变形:动词 break(打破;打碎;心碎);名词 heartbreak(心碎;令人心碎的事)
固定短语:a heartbreaking story 令人心碎的故事;a heartbreaking loss 令人心碎的损失
例句:The news of the accident was heartbreaking.(事故的消息令人心碎。)
练习:用所给词适当形式填空:The ______ (heartbreak) of losing her child was too much to bear.(答案:heartbreak)
apart /əˈpɑːt/ adv. 分离;分开;成碎片
变形:形容词 apart(分离的;分开的;成碎片的);副词 apartness(分离;分开;成碎片)
固定短语:apart from… 除……之外;take apart 拆开;拆卸
例句:The two friends were separated and lived apart for many years.(这两个朋友被分开,分开生活了很多年。)
练习:用所给词适当形式填空:______ (apart) from that, everything is fine.(答案:Apart)
praise /preɪz/ v. 赞扬;称赞;表扬;n. 赞扬;称赞;表扬
变形:名词 praiser(赞扬者;称赞者;表扬者);形容词 praiseworthy(值得赞扬的;值得称赞的)
固定短语:praise sb. for… 因……赞扬某人;praise from… 来自……的赞扬
例句:The teacher praised the student for his hard work.(老师因为学生的努力学习而赞扬他。)
练习:用所给词适当形式填空:The ______ (praise) from his boss made him very happy.(答案:praise)
continue /kənˈtɪnjuː/ v. 持续;继续;延续
变形:名词 continuation(持续;继续;延续);形容词 continuous(持续的;继续的;延续的)
固定短语:continue to do sth. 继续做某事;continue with… 继续……
例句:The rain continued to fall all day.(雨持续下了一整天。)
练习:用所给词适当形式填空:The ______ (continue) of the project is very important.(答案:continuation)
creation /kriˈeɪʃn/ n. 创造,创作;创造物;作品
变形:动词 create(创造;创作;创建);形容词 creative(有创造力的;创造性的)
固定短语:the creation of… ……的创造;a work of creation 创作作品
例句:The creation of the internet changed the world.(互联网的创造改变了世界。)
练习:用所给词适当形式填空:She is a very ______ (create) artist.(答案:creative)
to start with (给出首要理由)首先,第一(固定短语)
例句:To start with, we need to consider the cost of the project.(首先,我们需要考虑项目的成本。)
练习:同义句转换:First, we need to plan the trip. → ______ ______ ______, we need to plan the trip.(答案:To start with)
air conditioner /ˈeə kəndɪʃənə(r)/ 空调
固定短语:an air conditioner 空调;turn on the air conditioner 打开空调
例句:We turned on the air conditioner to cool the room.(我们打开空调来给房间降温。)
练习:汉译英:空调在夏天非常重要,可以让我们保持凉爽。(答案:Air conditioners are very important in summer and help us stay cool.)
give up 投降;认输;放弃(固定短语)
例句:She didn't give up even when things were difficult.(即使事情很困难,她也没有放弃。)
练习:同义句转换:He stopped trying to learn French. → He ______ ______ learning French.(答案:gave up)
right away 立即;马上;毫不耽搁(固定短语)
例句:We need to leave right away if we want to catch the train.(如果我们想赶上火车,我们需要立即离开。)
练习:用所给词适当形式填空:The doctor came ______ (away) when he was called.(答案:right away)
expensive /ɪkˈspensɪv/ adj. 昂贵的;花钱多的;价格高的
变形:名词 expense(费用;开支;花费);副词 expensively(昂贵地;花钱多地;价格高地)
固定短语:an expensive car 昂贵的汽车;expensive clothes 昂贵的衣服
例句:The restaurant is very expensive, but the food is excellent.(这家餐厅非常昂贵,但食物非常好。)
练习:用所给词适当形式填空:The ______ (expense) of the trip was very high.(答案:expense)
wood /wʊd/ n. 木;木头;木材;树林
变形:形容词 wooden(木制的;木头的;木材的);副词 woodenly(木制地;木头地;木材地)
固定短语:a piece of wood 一块木头;a wooden table 木制的桌子
例句:The table is made of wood.(这张桌子是木制的。)
练习:用所给词适当形式填空:The ______ (wood) floor is very beautiful.(答案:wooden)
bamboo /ˌbæmˈbuː/ n. 竹;竹子
变形:形容词 bamboo(竹制的;竹子的);名词 bamboo shoot(竹笋)
固定短语:a bamboo forest 竹林;a bamboo basket 竹篮
例句:Pandas eat bamboo as their main food.(熊猫以竹子为主要食物。)
练习:汉译英:竹子是一种生长迅速的植物,有很多用途。(答案:Bamboo is a fast-growing plant with many uses.)
tile /taɪl/ n. 瓦片;瓷砖;地砖
变形:动词 tile(铺瓦片;铺瓷砖;铺地砖);形容词 tiled(铺瓦片的;铺瓷砖的;铺地砖的)
固定短语:a roof tile 屋顶瓦片;a bathroom tile 浴室瓷砖
例句:The bathroom floor is covered with white tiles.(浴室的地板铺着白色的瓷砖。)
练习:用所给词适当形式填空:The roof was ______ (tile) with red tiles.(答案:tiled)
potter /ˈpɒtə(r)/ n. 陶艺家;制陶工人
变形:名词 pottery(制陶手艺;陶器;陶瓷制品);形容词 potter's(陶艺家的;制陶工人的)
固定短语:a professional potter 专业的陶艺家;a potter's wheel 陶轮
例句:The potter shaped the clay into a beautiful vase.(陶艺家把黏土塑造成一个漂亮的花瓶。)
练习:用所给词适当形式填空:The ______ (pottery) is on display in the museum.(答案:pottery)
sculptor /ˈskʌlptə(r)/ n. 雕塑家;雕刻家
变形:名词 sculpture(雕像;雕塑品;雕塑);形容词 sculptural(雕塑的;雕刻的)
固定短语:a famous sculptor 著名的雕塑家;a sculptor of marble 大理石雕刻家
例句:The sculptor created a beautiful statue out of bronze.(雕塑家用青铜创作了一个漂亮的雕像。)
练习:汉译英:这位雕塑家的作品在世界各地的博物馆展出。(答案:The sculptor's works are displayed in museums around the world.)
difficulty /ˈdɪfɪkəlti/ n. 困难;难题;困境
变形:形容词 difficult(困难的;难的;棘手的);副词 difficultly(困难地;难地;棘手地)
固定短语:have difficulty with… 在……方面有困难;in difficulty 处于困境中
例句:She had difficulty understanding the instructions.(她在理解说明书方面有困难。)
练习:用所给词适当形式填空:The ______ (difficult) of the task was very great.(答案:difficulty)
artwork /ˈɑːtwɜːk/ n. (尤指博物馆里的)艺术作品
变形:名词 artist(艺术家;美术家);形容词 art(艺术的;美术的)
固定短语:a collection of artwork 艺术作品收藏;a piece of artwork 一件艺术作品
例句:The museum has a large collection of artwork from the Renaissance.(博物馆有大量文艺复兴时期的艺术作品收藏。)
练习:汉译英:这幅画是博物馆里最有价值的艺术作品之一。(答案:This painting is one of the most valuable artworks in the museum.)
blank /blæŋk/ adj. 空白的;空的;无表情的
变形:名词 blank(空白;空处;无表情);副词 blankly(空白地;空地;无表情地)
固定短语:a blank page 空白的一页;a blank expression 无表情的表情
例句:She stared at the blank page, trying to think of what to write.(她盯着空白的一页,努力想写什么。)
练习:用所给词适当形式填空:He looked at me ______ (blank).(答案:blankly)
craftsman /ˈkrɑːftsmən/ n. 工匠;手艺人;工艺师
变形:复数 craftsmen;名词 craft(手艺;工艺;技艺);形容词 crafty(狡猾的;巧妙的)
固定短语:a master craftsman 大师级工匠;a wood craftsman 木工匠人
例句:The craftsman made a beautiful wooden chair by hand.(工匠手工制作了一把漂亮的木椅。)
练习:用所给词适当形式填空:The ______ (craft) of making pottery is very old.(答案:craft)
Marco Polo /ˈmɑːkəʊ ˈpəʊləʊ/ 马可·波罗(意大利旅行家)
固定短语:Marco Polo's travels 马可·波罗的旅行;The Travels of Marco Polo 《马可·波罗游记》
例句:Marco Polo travelled to China in the 13th century and wrote about his experiences.(马可·波罗在13世纪来到中国,并写下了他的经历。)
练习:汉译英:马可·波罗的游记对欧洲人了解中国产生了深远的影响。(答案:Marco Polo's travels had a profound influence on Europeans' understanding of China.)
Benjamin Franklin /ˈbendʒəmɪn ˈfræŋklɪn/ 本杰明·富兰克林(美国科学家及政治家)
固定短语:Benjamin Franklin's experiments 本杰明·富兰克林的实验;Benjamin Franklin's autobiography 本杰明·富兰克林的自传
例句:Benjamin Franklin was a polymath who made important contributions to science and politics.(本杰明·富兰克林是一位博学家,对科学和政治做出了重要贡献。)
练习:汉译英:本杰明·富兰克林是美国开国元勋之一,以其风筝实验和避雷针发明而闻名。(答案:Benjamin Franklin was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States, famous for his kite experiment and the invention of the lightning rod.)
the Wright brothers /raɪt ˈbrʌðəz/ 莱特兄弟(飞机发明者)
固定短语:the Wright brothers' first flight 莱特兄弟的首次飞行;the Wright Flyer 莱特飞行器
例句:The Wright brothers invented the first successful airplane in 1903.(莱特兄弟在1903年发明了第一架成功的飞机。)
练习:汉译英:莱特兄弟的首次飞行是航空史上的一个重要里程碑。(答案:The Wright brothers' first flight was an important milestone in the history of aviation.)
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