Units 1-3现在完成时拔高训练（语法讲解+分层精练）-2025-2026学年译林版八年级英语下册

译林版八年级下册 Units 1-3 现在完成时拔高训练 语法讲解+分层精练 语法讲解 语法讲解涵盖Unit1(基础用法)、Unit2(have/has been/gone+for/since)、Unit3(与一般过去时辨析)三大核心模块的现在完成时考点,为中考高频考查内容,也是八年级下册语法重点。 一、现在完成时的基本构成 1. 肯定句 主语 + have/has + 动词过去分词 (p.p.) 第一 / 二人称单复数、第三人称复数:用have(缩写:’ve) 第三人称单数(he/she/it/ 单数名词 / 不可数名词):用has(缩写:’s)例:I have finished my homework. / She has lived here for 5 years. 2. 否定句 主语 + have/has+not + 动词过去分词 have not=haven’t;has not=hasn’t例:They haven’t read the book yet. / He hasn’t arrived at school. 3. 一般疑问句 Have/Has + 主语 + 动词过去分词? 肯定回答:Yes, 主语 + have/has. 否定回答:No, 主语 + haven’t/hasn’t.例:—Has she been to Beijing? —Yes, she has. / —No, she hasn’t. 4. 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词 + have/has + 主语 + 动词过去分词?例:What have you done today? / How long has he studied English? 二、动词过去分词的构成 1. 规则变化(与一般过去时一致) 一般动词 + ed:work worked worked;play played played 以 e 结尾的动词 + d:change changed changed;live lived lived 辅音字母 + y 结尾,变 y 为 i+ed:carry carried carried;study studied studied 重读闭音节(辅 + 元 + 辅)结尾,双写最后辅音 + ed:stop stopped stopped;plan planned planned 2. 不规则变化(中考高频,需熟记) Unit1-3 高频不规则过去分词:be was/were been;go went gone;come came come;see saw seen;do did done;have had had;live lived lived;learn learnt/learned learnt/learned;find found found;leave left left;arrive arrived arrived;build built built;buy bought bought;tell told told;fall fell fallen;keep kept kept. 三、现在完成时的核心用法(Unit1 基础用法) 现在完成时的核心是过去的动作 / 状态与现在有联系,不强调动作发生的具体过去时间,常与模糊时间状语连用。 1. 动作从过去开始,持续到现在(常与 for/since/so far 等连用) 例:We have studied English since 2018.(从 2018 年开始学英语,现在还在学) 2. 过去的动作对现在造成的结果 / 影响(常与 already/yet/just/ever/never 等连用) 例:I have just finished my homework.(结果:现在可以去玩了) 3. 动作在过去到现在的时间段内,发生的次数(常与 once/twice/three times 等连用) 例:She has been to Shanghai three times.(到目前为止去过三次上海) 四、have/has been to /have/has gone to /have/has been in 的辨析(Unit2 重点) 三者均为现在完成时的固定搭配,核心区别在于主语是否在说话地点,是中考单选 / 填空高频考点。 搭配 含义 主语状态 常用状语 例句 have/has been to 去过某地(已返回) 说话时在现场 ever/never/once/twice He has been to Beijing twice. have/has gone to 去了某地(未返回,在途中 / 目的地) 说话时不在现场 无(不能与 for/since 连用) My mother has gone to the supermarket. have/has been in 待在某地(持续一段时间) 说话时仍在该地 / 刚离开 for + 时间段 /since + 时间点 They have been in Nanjing for 3 years. 五、for 与 since 的用法及搭配规则(Unit2 重点) 均用于现在完成时,表动作持续的时间 核心区别:for 接时间段,since 接时间点,中考常考二者转换及易错动词搭配。 1. 基本用法 for + 时间段:for 3 days(3 天)、for 2 years(2 年)、for a long time(很长时间) since + 时间点:since 2020(2020 年)、since last week(上周)、since he was 10(他 10 岁时) 转换:for + 时间段 = since + 时间段 + ago for 5 years = since 5 years ago 2. 关键禁忌:非延续性动词不能与 for/since 连用 现在完成时表 “持续” 时,非延续性动词(瞬间动词) 不能直接接 for/since,需转换为延续性动词 / 短语,这是中考最易错考点,Unit2 明确要求掌握以下转换: 非延续性动词 延续性动词 / 短语 例句(错误 正确) leave be away from He has left for 2 days. He has been away from here for 2 days. come/go/arrive be in/at She has arrived in Beijing for a week. She has been in Beijing for a week. buy have I have bought the book since 2022. I have had the book since 2022. borrow keep He has borrowed the pen for 3 days. He has kept the pen for 3 days. marry be married They have married for 10 years. They have been married for 10 years. join be in/be a member of He has joined the club since 2021. He has been a member of the club since 2021. begin/start be on The film has begun for 10 minutes. The film has been on for 10 minutes. 注意:非延续性动词的否定形式可与 for/since 连用(否定表状态持续),例:He hasn’t left Beijing for a week.(他一周没离开北京了) 六、现在完成时与一般过去时的辨析(Unit3 核心难点) 二者均表 “过去的动作”,核心区别在于是否与现在有联系,是中考完形 / 填空 / 改错的高频难点,Unit3 通过对比明确以下规则: 语法点 现在完成时 一般过去时 核心含义 过去动作与现在有联系 过去发生的具体动作,与现在无联系 时间状语 模糊时间(already/yet/just/ever/never/so far/since/for) 具体过去时间(yesterday/last week/2020/ago/in 2019) 句式重点 动作的结果 / 持续 / 次数 动作发生的时间 / 过程 例句 I have lost my key.(结果:现在没钥匙,进不去门) I lost my key yesterday.(仅说明昨天丢了,现在是否找到未知) 关键原则:句中有具体过去时间状语(yesterday/last.../ago/in + 具体年份),必须用一般过去时,不能用现在完成时。例:He went to school at 7 yesterday.(有 at 7 yesterday,用一般过去时) 七、现在完成时的高频时间状语 1. 通用模糊时间(Unit1) already(已经,肯定句)、yet(还,否定 / 疑问句,句末)、just(刚刚,句中)、ever(曾经,疑问句)、never(从未,否定句)、before(以前,句末)、so far(到目前为止)、up to now(直到现在)、recently(最近)。 2. 持续时间(Unit2) for + 时间段、since + 时间点、how long(多久,用于提问持续时间)。 3. 次数表达(Unit1/3) once(一次)、twice(两次)、three times(三次)、many times(许多次)。 分层精练(共80题) 本练习题严格贴合中考题型(单选 40 题、填空 20 题、句型转换 10 题、改错 10 题),覆盖上述所有知识点,侧重高频考点、易错点和拔高难点,符合八年级下册衔接中考的要求。 一、单项选择(40 题,每题只有一个正确答案) 1. —Where is your father? —He _ to Shanghai on business. He will be back in three days. A. has been B. has gone C. went D. goes 2. I _ this book for two weeks. I have to return it to the library now. A. borrowed B. have borrowed C. kept D. have kept 3. —_ you ever _ to Nanjing? —Yes, I _ there last year. A. Have; been; went B. Have; gone; went C. Did; go; have been D. Did; be; went 4. The film _ for 15 minutes when we got to the cinema. A. has begun B. had begun C. has been on D. was on 5. My grandparents _ in Shanghai since 1950. They know the city very well. A. live B. lived C. have lived D. are living 6. —Have you finished your homework _? —Yes, I have _ finished it. A. yet; yet B. already; yet C. yet; already D. already; already 7. He _ the club in 2022. He _ a member of the club for two years. A. has joined; has been B. has joined; was C. joined; was D. joined; has been 8. —How long _ your mother _ in this school? —For 20 years. A. has; taught B. did; teach C. does; teach D. is; teaching 9. I _ my pen everywhere, but I still can’t find it. A. looked for B. have looked for C. have found D. found 10. She _ never _ to the Great Wall. She wants to go there this summer. A. have; gone B. have; been C. has; gone D. has; been 11. —When _ you _ the new bike? —Last month. A. have; bought B. did; buy C. do; buy D. will; buy 12. We _ three English tests this term so far. A. have had B. had C. have D. are having 13. My sister _ in Beijing for 5 years. She will come back next month. A. has been B. has gone C. was D. is 14. The meeting _ for 10 minutes when I arrived. A. has started B. had started C. has been on D. had been on 15. —Have you _ seen the film? —No, I have _ seen it. A. ever; ever B. never; never C. ever; never D. never; ever 16. He _ his homework yet, so he can’t watch TV now. A. doesn’t finish B. didn’t finish C. hasn’t finished D. won’t finish 17. They _ to London many times, so they know many places there. A. have gone B. have been C. went D. go 18. I _ just _ a letter from my pen friend in America. A. am; receiving B. did; receive C. will; receive D. have; received 19. How long _ you _ away from your hometown? A. have; been B. did; be C. have; gone D. did; go 20. The little boy _ the toy car for two months. He likes it very much. A. has bought B. bought C. has had D. had 21. —Where did you go last weekend? —I _ to the zoo with my family. A. have gone B. have been C. went D. go 22. We _ in this city since we were born. A. live B. have lived C. lived D. are living 23. She _ the book for three days. She _ it from the library last Monday. A. has kept; borrowed B. has borrowed; kept C. kept; borrowed D. borrowed; kept 24. —Has your brother _ his homework? —Yes, he _ it an hour ago. A. finished; finished B. finished; has finished C. finish; finished D. finish; has finished 25. The rain _ for three hours. It’s still raining now. A. has stopped B. has been C. has fallen D. has been falling 26. —Have you ever _ to the West Lake? —Yes, I _ there last summer. A. been; went B. gone; went C. been; have gone D. gone; have been 27. My father _ to work by bike every day, but he _ by car today because his bike is broken. A. goes; went B. goes; is going C. has gone; goes D. went; goes 28. How many times _ you _ to Beijing since 2019? A. have; been B. did; go C. have; gone D. do; go 29. The shop _ since 8 o’clock this morning. It _ at 8 a.m. every day. A. has opened; opens B. has been open; opens C. is open; opened D. opened; opens 30. I _ not _ my best friend for a long time. I miss her very much. A. have; seen B. did; see C. do; see D. will; see 31. —What _ you _ for breakfast? —Some bread and milk. I _ it half an hour ago. A. have; had; had B. did; have; have had C. have; had; have had D. did; have; had 32. They _ the bridge for two years. They will finish it next month. A. have built B. have been building C. built D. build 33. —Is Tom at home? —No, he _ to the park. He _ there an hour ago. A. has gone; went B. has been; went C. went; has gone D. went; has been 34. I _ the film twice. It’s really interesting. A. have seen B. saw C. see D. will see 35. The old man _ alone since his wife died five years ago. A. lives B. lived C. has lived D. is living 36. —When will you return the book to me? —I _ it to you already. A. have returned B. returned C. will return D. return 37. She _ in the factory since she left school. She is a good worker. A. works B. worked C. has worked D. is working 38. —Have you _ cleaned your room? —No, I haven’t cleaned it _. A. yet; yet B. already; already C. already; yet D. yet; already 39. The train _ for Shanghai. You have to wait for the next one. A. has left B. left C. has been away D. is leaving 40. I _ a cold for three days. I still feel terrible. A. have caught B. caught C. have had D. had 二、用所给动词的适当形式填空(20 题,注意时态转换和非延续性动词变化) 1. My mother _ (cook) dinner when I got home yesterday. 2. We _ (learn) English for more than 6 years. 3. —_ you ever _ (visit) the Great Wall? —Yes, I have. 4. He _ (not finish) his homework yet. He has to do it now. 5. My father _ (go) to Beijing. He will be back in a week. 6. The film _ (begin) 10 minutes ago. It _ (be on) for 10 minutes. 7. I _ (borrow) this book from the library last week. I _ (keep) it for a week. 8. They _ (live) in this city since 2018. 9. She _ (see) the film three times. She likes it very much. 10. —When _ you _ (buy) this new phone? —Last month. 11. My grandparents _ (be) in Nanjing for 5 years. They love the city. 12. We _ (have) three math tests this term so far. 13. He _ (join) the army in 2020. He _ (be a soldier) for 4 years. 14. I _ (just receive) a message from my friend. 15. The rain _ (stop) already. Let’s go out and play. 16. She _ (never be) to Shanghai. She wants to go there with her family. 17. They _ (not see) each other for a long time. They miss each other. 18. My sister _ (leave) home for school an hour ago. She _ (be away from) home for an hour. 19. —_ you _ (find) your lost key? —Yes, I _ (find) it under the desk just now. 20. The shop _ (open) since 9 a.m. It _ (open) at 9 a.m. every day. 三、句型转换(10 题,按要求改写句子,每空一词) 1. I have already finished my homework.(改为否定句) I _ finished my homework _. 2. He has been to Paris twice.(对划线部分提问) _ _ times has he been to Paris? 3. They have lived in Beijing for 10 years.(对划线部分提问) _ _ have they lived in Beijing? 4. She bought a new bike last month.(改为现在完成时) She _ _ a new bike for a month. 5. My father has gone to Shanghai.(改为一般疑问句并作否定回答) —_ your father _ to Shanghai? —No, he _. 6. I saw the film last week.(改为现在完成时,用 ever/yet) —_ you ever _ the film? —No, I _ _ it yet. 7. He joined the club in 2022.(改为同义句) He _ _ a member of the club since 2022. 8. The meeting began 15 minutes ago.(改为同义句) The meeting _ _ _ for 15 minutes. 9. I borrowed the book three days ago.(改为同义句) I _ _ the book for three days. 10. They have cleaned the classroom.(对划线部分提问) _ have they _? 四、单句改错(10 题,每题只有一处错误,找出并改正) 1. He has gone to Beijing twice. 2. The film has begun for 20 minutes. 3. I have borrowed this pen for three days. 4. She has left her hometown since 2019. 5. I have seen him yesterday. 6. How long have you joined the army? 7. They have married for 10 years. 8. My father has gone to Nanjing. He came back last week. 9. I just have finished my homework. 10. We have learned English since 5 years. 参考答案 一、单项选择 1-5: B D A B C 6-10: C D A B D 11-15: B A A D C 16-20: C B D A C 21-25: C B A A D 26-30: A A A B A 31-35: D B A A C 36-40: A C C A C 二、用所给动词的适当形式填空 1. was cooking 2. have learned/learnt 3. Have; visited 4. hasn’t finished 5. has gone 6. began; has been on 7. borrowed; have kept 8. have lived 9. has seen 10. did; buy 11. have been 12. have had 13. joined; has been a soldier 14. have just received 15. has stopped 16. has never been 17. haven’t seen 18. left; has been away from 19. Have; found; found 20. has been open; opens 三、句型转换 1. haven’t; yet 2. How many 3. How long 4. has had 5. Has; gone; hasn’t 6. Have; seen; haven’t seen 7. has been 8. has been on 9. have kept 10. What; done 四、单句改错 1. gone been 2. begun been on 3. borrowed kept 4. left been away from 5. 去掉 yesterday/have seen saw 6. joined been in/been a member of 7. married been married 8. gone been 9. just have have just 10. since for/5 years 5 years ago 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $