Unit 4 语法专练 2025-2026学年人教版七年级英语下册

人教版7下第四单元语法专练 选择疑问句和可数名词与不可数名词 第一部分：知识点详细讲解 一、选择疑问句详解 1. 什么是选择疑问句？ 选择疑问句提出两个或两个以上的选项，要求对方从中选择其一。选项之间用 or 连接。这种问句不能用 Yes 或 No 回答，必须选择其中一个选项作答。 基本结构： 一般疑问句 + or + 选择部分？ 例句： 你是老师还是学生？ Are you a teacher or a student? 你想要茶还是咖啡？ Would you like tea or coffee? 他是今天来还是明天来？ Is he coming today or tomorrow? 2. 选择疑问句的三种类型 类型一：对句子的不同部分进行选择 对主语进行选择： 是你还是他负责？ Do you or he take charge? 注意： 动词的人称通常与靠近的主语保持一致，或使用更自然的表达。 对谓语进行选择： 你是在看书还是在看电视？ Are you reading or watching TV? 他是开车去还是坐火车去？ Does he drive or take the train? 对宾语进行选择： 你想要苹果还是橙子？ Do you want apples or oranges? 他喜欢猫还是狗？ Does he like cats or dogs? 对表语进行选择： 他是你的朋友还是敌人？ Is he your friend or enemy? 这是你的书还是他的书？ Is this your book or his? 对状语进行选择： 你坐飞机去还是坐火车去？ Will you go by plane or by train? 你早上来还是下午来？ Will you come in the morning or in the afternoon? 类型二：对句子的整体内容进行选择 你要留下来还是离开？ Will you stay or will you leave? 是你错了还是我错了？ Are you wrong or am I wrong? 类型三：带有 or not 的选择疑问句 你想不想来？ Do you want to come or not? 你同不同意？ Do you agree or not? 3. 选择疑问句的语调 重要规则： or 前面的选项用升调↗，or 后面的选项用降调↘。 Do you like coffee↗ or tea↘？ 4. 选择疑问句的回答 不能用 Yes/No 回答，必须选择其中一个选项，或者表示“两者都不”/“两者都”。 — Do you want tea or coffee？ 你要茶还是咖啡？ — Tea, please. 请给我茶。 — Coffee. 咖啡。 — Neither, thanks. I'd like water. 都不要，谢谢。我想要水。 — Both. I'm really thirsty. 都要，我真的很渴。 5. 特殊疑问词 + or 的选择问句 有时选择疑问句也可以用特殊疑问词开头： 你想喝什么，茶还是咖啡？ What would you like to drink, tea or coffee? 你什么时候来，今天还是明天？ When will you come, today or tomorrow? 谁帮你，你哥哥还是你姐姐？ Who will help you, your brother or your sister? 6. 选择疑问句与一般疑问句的区别 一般疑问句： 用 Yes/No 回答 你是学生吗？ Are you a student? — Yes, I am. / No, I'm not. 选择疑问句： 必须在选项中选择 你是学生还是老师？ Are you a student or a teacher? — I'm a student. 二、可数名词与不可数名词详解 1. 什么是可数名词？ 可数名词指可以用数字计数的名词，有单数和复数两种形式。 常见可数名词： 人：boy, girl, teacher, student, doctor 物品：book, pen, desk, chair, cup 动物：cat, dog, bird, elephant 单位：hour, day, week, year, dollar 例句： 我有一本书。 I have a book. 他有两个苹果。 He has two apples. 教室里有很多学生。 There are many students in the classroom. 2. 什么是不可数名词？ 不可数名词指不能用数字直接计数的名词，通常没有复数形式，不能与 a/an 连用。 常见不可数名词分类： 液体类： water（水）、milk（牛奶）、tea（茶）、coffee（咖啡）、juice（果汁）、oil（油） 固体颗粒/粉末类： rice（米饭）、sugar（糖）、salt（盐）、flour（面粉）、sand（沙子） 气体类： air（空气）、oxygen（氧气）、smoke（烟） 抽象概念类： love（爱）、happiness（幸福）、time（时间）、advice（建议）、information（信息）、knowledge（知识）、work（工作）、homework（作业）、news（新闻） 食物材料类： bread（面包）、meat（肉）、fish（鱼肉）、beef（牛肉）、chicken（鸡肉）、cheese（奶酪） 学科语言类： English（英语）、math（数学）、music（音乐） 例句： 我需要水。 I need water.（不能说 a water） 这条消息很重要。 This news is important.（不能说 a news） 他给了我一些建议。 He gave me some advice.（不能说 an advice） 3. 可数名词与不可数名词的修饰词 修饰可数名词的词： a / an（一个） many（许多） few / a few（很少/几个） several（几个） a number of（许多） one, two, three...（数字） 例句： many books 许多书 a few students 几个学生 several days 几天 three apples 三个苹果 修饰不可数名词的词： much（许多） little / a little（很少/一点） a bit of（一点） a great deal of（大量） some（一些，也可修饰可数） 例句： much water 许多水 a little sugar 一点糖 a piece of advice 一条建议 a glass of milk 一杯牛奶 既能修饰可数也能修饰不可数的词： some（一些） any（任何） a lot of / lots of（许多） plenty of（大量） most（大部分） 例句： some books / some water a lot of students / a lot of time plenty of apples / plenty of money 4. 不可数名词的数量表达 要表达不可数名词的数量，需要用单位词 + of 的结构： 液体类： a glass of water 一杯水 a cup of tea 一杯茶 a bottle of milk 一瓶牛奶 a bowl of soup 一碗汤 固体类： a piece of bread 一片面包 a slice of meat 一片肉 a bar of chocolate 一块巧克力 a grain of rice 一粒米 抽象类： a piece of advice 一条建议 a piece of news 一条消息 an item of information 一条信息 复数形式： two glasses of water 两杯水 three pieces of bread 三片面包 some pieces of advice 几条建议 5. 易错点：既可数又不可数的名词 有些名词在不同的语境中，可以是可数，也可以是不可数，意思会发生变化。 fish： 不可数：鱼肉（食物） I like fish. 我喜欢吃鱼。 可数：鱼（活的个体） There are three fish in the tank. 鱼缸里有三条鱼。 复数 fishes：指不同种类的鱼 chicken： 不可数：鸡肉 We had chicken for dinner. 我们晚餐吃了鸡肉。 可数：鸡 A chicken is running in the yard. 一只鸡在院子里跑。 room： 不可数：空间 There is no room for another chair. 没有空间放另一把椅子了。 可数：房间 This house has five rooms. 这栋房子有五个房间。 time： 不可数：时间 Time is money. 时间就是金钱。 可数：次数/倍数 I have been there three times. 我去过那里三次。 paper： 不可数：纸 I need some paper. 我需要一些纸。 可数：报纸/论文/试卷 I bought a paper. 我买了一份报纸。 light： 不可数：光 Light travels fast. 光传播很快。 可数：灯 Turn on the lights. 把灯打开。 6. 主谓一致 可数名词单数/不可数名词作主语： 谓语动词用单数 The book is on the desk. 书在桌子上。 Water is important. 水很重要。 可数名词复数作主语： 谓语动词用复数 The books are on the desk. 书在桌子上。 Students like sports. 学生们喜欢运动。 量词短语作主语： 谓语动词与量词的单复数一致 A glass of water is on the table. 一杯水在桌子上。 Two glasses of water are on the table. 两杯水在桌子上。 第二部分：分层强化练习 一、单项选择 1. —Do you want tea ______ coffee? —Coffee, please. A. and B. but C. or D. so 2. I need ______. I'm thirsty. A. a water B. some waters C. some water D. waters 3. —______ is your birthday, today ______ tomorrow? —Tomorrow. A. When; or B. What; and C. Where; or D. How; or 4. There isn't ______ in the fridge. Let's go shopping. A. many food B. much food C. many foods D. much foods 5. —Are you a student ______ a teacher? —I'm a student. A. and B. but C. or D. nor 6. She gave me ______. A. an advice B. a piece of advice C. some advices D. many advices 7. —Will you go by bus ______ by train? —By train. A. and B. but C. or D. nor 8. There are ______ in the bag. A. some apple B. any apple C. some apples D. any apples 9. —Is this your book ______ his? —It's mine. A. and B. but C. or D. nor 10. I have ______ homework to do today. A. many B. a lot of C. a few D. several 11. —Would you like coffee ______ milk? —Milk, please. A. and B. but C. or D. so 12. There is ______ in the bottle. A. little water B. a few water C. many water D. several water 13. —Did you go there by car ______ on foot? —On foot. A. and B. but C. or D. nor 14. I have ______ friends in this city. A. much B. a little C. a few D. a lot 15. —Is he coming today ______ tomorrow? —Today. A. and B. but C. or D. so 16. How ______ money do you have? A. many B. much C. few D. little 17. —Which do you prefer, tea ______ coffee? —Tea. A. and B. but C. or D. nor 18. She bought ______ for her daughter. A. a bread B. a piece of bread C. some breads D. many breads 19. —Are you ready ______ not? —Not yet. A. and B. but C. or D. so 20. There are ______ eggs in the basket. A. much B. a little C. a few D. little 二、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. —Would you like some ________ (tea) or ________ (coffee)? —Coffee, please. 2. There are many ________ (sheep) on the farm. 3. I need two ________ (glass) of ________ (water). 4. —Is this your ________ (book) or ________ (he)? —It's mine. 5. There isn't much ________ (milk) left in the fridge. 6. How many ________ (child) are there in the park? 7. She gave me some ________ (advice) on how to learn English. 8. —Do you want ________ (apple) or ________ (orange)? —Oranges, please. 9. There is a little ________ (sugar) in the cup. 10. These ________ (woman) are doctors. 11. I have a few ________ (friend) in Shanghai. 12. How much ________ (money) do you need? 13. —Are these your ________ (pen) or ________ (Mary)? —They're Mary's. 14. There are three ________ (loaf) of ________ (bread) on the table. 15. She doesn't have many ________ (book), but she has a lot of ________ (knowledge). 三、句型转换 1. I want tea. I don't want coffee. (改为选择疑问句) ________ you want tea ________ coffee? 2. There is some water in the glass. (改为否定句) There ________ ________ water in the glass. 3. He will come today. He will come tomorrow. (改为选择疑问句) ________ he come today ________ tomorrow? 4. I have many books. (改为否定句) I ________ ________ many books. 5. Is this your bag? Is this his bag? (合并为选择疑问句) Is this ________ bag ________ ________? 6. There are some apples on the table. (改为单数句) There ________ ________ apple on the table. 7. She goes to work by bus. She goes to work by subway. (改为选择疑问句) ________ she go to work by bus ________ by subway? 8. I have little money. (改为同义句) I ________ have ________ money. 9. Do you like coffee? Do you like tea? (合并为选择疑问句) ________ you like coffee ________ tea? 10. There is a lot of milk in the bottle. (改为否定句) There ________ ________ milk in the bottle. 四、改错题 1. Do you want a tea or coffee? ________ 应改为 ________ 2. There are many water in the bottle. ________ 应改为 ________ 3. Is he your brother and your friend? ________ 应改为 ________ 4. She gave me an advice. ________ 应改为 ________ 5. How many money do you have? ________ 应改为 ________ 6. Would you like some apple or some oranges? ________ 应改为 ________ 7. There is a few milk in the cup. ________ 应改为 ________ 8. Are you going by train and by plane? ________ 应改为 ________ 9. I have many homeworks to do. ________ 应改为 ________ 10. Is these your books or mine? ________ 应改为 ________ 五、根据汉语意思完成句子 1. 你想要茶还是咖啡？ ________ you want tea ________ coffee? 2. 杯子里没有多少牛奶。 There ________ ________ milk in the glass. 3. 他是今天来还是明天来？ ________ he coming today ________ tomorrow? 4. 她给了我一些建议。 She gave me ________ ________ of ________. 5. 你有多少本书？ How ________ ________ do you have? 6. 这是你的书包还是他的？ Is this ________ bag ________ ________? 7. 冰箱里有一些鸡蛋。 There ________ ________ eggs in the fridge. 8. 你坐公交车去还是坐地铁去？ ________ you go by bus ________ by subway? 9. 我需要两片面包。 I need two ________ of ________. 10. 你喜欢猫还是狗？ ________ you like cats ________ dogs? 第三部分：参考答案与详细解析 一、单项选择答案与解析 1. C 选择疑问句用or连接选项。 2. C water是不可数名词，不能用a修饰，也没有复数形式，用some water。 3. A 询问时间用When，选择疑问句用or连接today和tomorrow。 4. B food通常作不可数名词，用much修饰，isn't提示是否定。 5. C 选择疑问句用or连接a student和a teacher。 6. B advice是不可数名词，不能说an advice或advices，用a piece of advice。 7. C 选择疑问句用or连接by bus和by train。 8. C apple是可数名词，There are提示复数，肯定句用some apples。 9. C 选择疑问句用or连接your book和his。 10. B homework是不可数名词，不能用many/a few/several，用a lot of。 11. C 选择疑问句用or连接coffee和milk。 12. A water是不可数名词，用little修饰表示“很少”，There is提示单数。 13. C 选择疑问句用or连接by car和on foot。 14. C friends是可数名词复数，用a few修饰表示“几个”。 15. C 选择疑问句用or连接today和tomorrow。 16. B money是不可数名词，用much修饰。 17. C 选择疑问句用or连接tea和coffee。 18. B bread是不可数名词，不能说a bread或breads，用a piece of bread。 19. C or not是固定结构，表示“与否”。 20. C eggs是可数名词复数，There are提示肯定，用a few表示“几个”。 二、用所给词的适当形式填空答案与解析 1. tea / coffee 两者都是不可数名词，保持原形。 2. sheep sheep单复数同形。 3. glasses / water glass是可数名词，two后加es；water不可数。 4. book / his 第一空后有名词，用book单数；第二空单独使用，用名词性物主代词his。 5. milk milk不可数。 6. children How many后接复数，child复数children。 7. advice advice不可数。 8. apples / oranges 两者都是可数名词，用复数表示类别。 9. sugar sugar不可数。 10. women These后接复数，woman复数women。 11. friends a few后接可数名词复数。 12. money money不可数。 13. pens / Mary's 第一空前These are提示复数，用pens；第二空用名词所有格Mary's。 14. loaves / bread loaf是可数名词，three后加ves变复数；bread不可数。 15. books / knowledge many后接可数名词复数books；a lot of后接不可数名词knowledge。 三、句型转换答案与解析 1. Do / or 将肯定句改为选择疑问句，用Do开头，or连接tea和coffee。 2. isn't any some在否定句中改为any。 3. Will / or 将两个句子合并为选择疑问句。 4. don't have have是实义动词，否定用don't have。 5. your / or his 合并为选择疑问句。 6. is an There are改为There is，apples改为an apple。 7. Does / or 将两个句子合并为选择疑问句，主语she，用Does。 8. don't / much little意为“很少”，相当于not much。 9. Do / or 合并为选择疑问句。 10. isn't much a lot of在否定句中改为much。 四、改错题答案与解析 1. a tea 应改为 tea tea是不可数名词，不加a。 2. many 应改为 much water不可数，用much修饰。 3. and 应改为 or 选择疑问句用or。 4. an advice 应改为 a piece of advice advice不可数。 5. many 应改为 much money不可数。 6. apple 应改为 apples apple是可数名词，some后应用复数apples，与后面的oranges保持一致。 7. a few 应改为 a little milk不可数，用a little。 8. and 应改为 or 选择疑问句用or。 9. many homeworks 应改为 much homework homework不可数，用much修饰。 10. Is 应改为 Are these是复数，be动词用Are。 五、根据汉语意思完成句子答案与解析 1. Do / or 选择疑问句结构。 2. isn't much 否定形式，milk不可数用much。 3. Is / or 选择疑问句。 4. a piece / advice advice不可数，用a piece of。 5. many books books可数，用many。 6. your / or his 选择疑问句。 7. are some eggs可数复数，肯定句用are some。 8. Do / or 选择疑问句。 9. pieces / bread bread不可数，用pieces of表示片数。 10. Do / or 选择疑问句。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $