Unit 3 词汇讲解 课件 2025-2026学年人教版英语八年级下册

3 Unit Growing up Section A What makes you upset? Section A1 (1a-2d) anger shocked emotion n.情感;情绪 adj. angry 生气的 upset lonely adj.孤独的;寂寞的 adj.难过的;沮丧的 adj.震惊的 n.怒火 n. shock 震惊;惊愕;令人震惊的事 n. loneliness 孤独;寂寞 feel lonely 感到孤独 the feeling of loneliness 孤独感 alone He lives alone and often feels lonely. 他孑然一身,常感到寂寞。 adv.独自;单独 相关辨析: lonely和alone都可作形容词: lonely意为“孤独的,寂寞的”,该词带有浓厚的感情色彩,具有“渴望得到同伴”的含义;lonely在句中既可作表语,也可作定语; alone意为“单独的,独自的”,侧重于说明独自一人,没有同伴,指的是客观情况;alone在句中常与be动词连用,在句中作表语。 注意: alone还可作副词用,意为“单独地,独自地”; lonely不能作副词。 deal with When I feel angry, my mom teaches me how to deal with my emotions. 当我生气的时候,妈妈教我如何应对自己的情绪。 control v.& n.控制 处理;对付 相关短语: be in control (of sth) 控制(某物);掌管(某事) lose control of / be (get) out of control 失去控制 advise e.g. ①The doctor advised a good rest. ② The doctor advised her to take more exercise. v.建议;劝告 n.(U) advice 劝告;建议 a piece of advice 一条建议 two pieces of advice 两条建议 some advice 一些建议 hurtful adj.伤感情的 advise + 名词或代词 建议某事 advise sb (not) to do sth 建议某人(不) 做某事 advise doing sth. 建议做某事 in future Please be more careful in future. 今后请多加小心。 今后;从今以后 相关辨析:in future VS in the future Scientists believe humans will live on other planets in the future. 科学家认为人类未来会生活在其他星球上。 in future强调 “从今以后、往后”, 侧重从 “现在” 开始的后续时间(通常是近期或接下来的阶段); in the future指 “在未来(泛指时间上较远的将来)”。 fault forgive clear the air It's my fault that I broke your pen—please forgive me, and let's have a talk to clear the air. 我弄坏了你的钢笔,这是我的错 —— 请原谅我,我们聊一聊来消除误会吧。 n. 过错;责任 v. (forgave /f ge v/, forgiven /f g vn/) 原谅;宽恕 尽释前嫌 present n. 礼物 a birthday present 一份生日礼物 3 Unit Growing up Section A What makes you upset? Section A2 (3a-3d) get across clearly standard award 解释清楚;传达 adv. 清楚地 Our math teacher always explains problems slowly to get her ideas across clearly. 我们的数学老师总是慢慢地讲解题目,好把她的思路清晰地传达给我们。 相关短语: high/low standards 高/低标准 up to standard 达到标准 standard sizes of sth ……的标准尺寸 n. 标准;水平 adj. 标准的 n. 奖;奖品 pressure n. 压力 ① 心理压力;紧张 You need to be able to deal with pressure in this job. 你要能应付这一工作的压力。 ② 压力;压强 air/water/blood pressure 空气 / 水的压力/血压 相关短语:under pressure 承受着压力 3 Unit Growing up Grammar Focus purpose on purpose Did you take my pencil on purpose, or did you just pick it up by accident? 你是故意拿走我的铅笔,还是无意中捡到的? reduce by half apologize n. 目的;意图 故意;有意地 减少一半 v.道歉 反义词:by accident = by chance 偶然地,不经意地 n. apology 道歉;谢罪 相关短语: apologize to sb. for sth. 为某事向某人道歉 make / offer an apology to sb. for sth. 为某事向某人道歉 put oneself in sb's shoes Before you get angry with your little sister for breaking your pen, put yourself in her shoes—she didn't do it on purpose.(在你因为妹妹弄坏你的笔而生气前,设身处地为她想想 —— 她不是故意的。) shut shut sb / sth away Don't shut the little rabbit away in a small cage all day—it needs to run around.(别把小兔子整天关在小笼子里,它需要跑跑。) 设身处地;处于某人的境地 把……关(藏)起来;隔离 v.(shut, shut) 关闭;合上;住嘴 lastly First, we need to buy some fruit. Second, we'll make a salad. Lastly, we can share it with friends.(首先,我们要买点水果。其次,我们做沙拉。最后,我们可以和朋友分享。) plenty plenty of pron. 充足;丰富;大量 充足;大量 adv. 最后 相关拓展:plenty of意为“足够,大量”,它既可修饰可数名词,也可修饰不可数名词,用法同a lot of/lots of。 e.g. Make sure these flowers can get plenty of fresh air. 确保这些花能得到充足的新鲜空气。 强调 “顺序上的最后一步”。 3 Unit Growing up Section B How can we stay positive? feel blue on top of the world all smiles low in low spirits 欢天喜地 感到忧郁的 笑容满面 情绪低落;精神不振 adj. 沮丧的;低的 反义词 in high spirits 兴高采烈;起劲 ring enter v. (rang /r /, rung /r /) 发出铃声 v. 进入 Just ring for the nurse if you need her. 如果需要护士,按一下铃就行了。 还可用作n. 意为 “戒指,指环;环状物,圈形的东西 e.g. a gold ring 金戒指;a key ring 钥匙环 enter作动词,意为“进入(某处)”,相当于come/go into。 注意在句中enter后不能再加into。 The thief (小偷) entered the room just now. =The thief came/went into the room just now. everybody pron. 每人;所有人 dare v. & modal v. 敢于 相关拓展: ① dare作实义动词,意为“敢于;挑战”; dare to do sth. 敢于做某事 e.g. Mike dares to go out alone at night. ②dare还可作情态动词,后跟动词原形。其否定形式为daren't, 常用于否定句和疑问句中。 e.g. Dare you tell her the truth? 相关拓展: everybody为复合代词,意为“每人,人人”,与everyone同义。 当everybody作主语时,谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。 e.g.Everybody is here today. 今天大家都到了。 let down Our team lost the game, but we didn't let our teacher down—we tried our best.(我们队输了比赛,但没让老师失望 —— 我们已经尽全力了。) 使失望 be hard on player referee take back let sb down(sb 为人称代词时,需放在 “let” 和 “down” 中间) 对……苛刻或过分严厉 n. 运动员;选手 n. 裁判 撤回;收回 Tom decided not to join the sports meeting at first, but he took back his decision after his friends encouraged him. 汤姆一开始决定不参加运动会,但在朋友鼓励后,他收回了这个决定。 decision v. decide 决定 decide (not) to do sth. n. 决定 kick oneself Mike finished his math exam quickly but forgot to check the last page—he kicked himself when he found out he missed an easy question.(迈克很快做完了数学考试,却忘了检查最后一页。当他发现自己漏做了一道简单的题时,懊悔不已。) (因干了蠢事等)自责或懊恼 look on the bright side I argued with my friend about a guitar, but let's look on the bright side—we're friends again now. 我和朋友因为一把吉他吵架了,但让我们往好的方面看 —— 我们现在又和好了。 从好的方面想;抱乐观态度 score coach n. 得分;比分 n. 教练 proud proud of adj. 骄傲的;自豪的 为……感到骄傲 n. pride 自豪;骄傲;得意感 be proud of=take pride in We got a good score in the game, and our coach is proud of us. 我们在比赛中取得了好成绩,我们的教练为我们感到骄傲。 as well bit a bit 相关辨析:as well,also,too和either都可表示“也”,它们各自用法如下: (1) as well常用于肯定句中,且位于句末; (2) also用于肯定句中,通常位于句中; (3) too用于肯定句中,通常位于句末,常用逗号和前面的部分隔开; (4) either多用于否定句中,常位于句末。 也;又 He likes singing, and playing the piano as well. 相关辨析 a bit VS a little 相同之处:用来表示程度时,都是“一点儿”之意,可以修饰形容词和副词,两者可以通用。e.g. Kate jumped a bit / a little farther than you. 不同之处:用作定语修饰不可数名词时,a bit之后要加上of,而a little却不用,a bit of = a little意为“少量的,一点儿”。e.g. Mike has just had a bit of / a little bread. n. 有点儿;稍微 有点儿;稍微 相关拓展:not a bit & not a little的区别: Helen is not a bit like her mother. 海伦一点儿也不像她的妈妈。 Helen is not a little like her mother. 海伦非常像她的妈妈。 repeat to repeat a mistake/a process/an exercise 重复一个错误 / 过程;反复练习 v. 重复 not a bit和not … at all同义,表示“一点也不”; 而not a little 和very much意义相近,表示“非常,很”。 pull together My group pulled together and finished the science project on time.(我们小组通力合作,按时完成了科学作业。) 齐心协力;通力合作 solution Do you have a better solution? 你有更好的解决办法吗? There's no simple solution to this problem. 这个问题没有简单的解决办法。 n. 解决办法;解决 though even though conj.虽然;尽管 即使;虽然 相关辨析: 相似点:though和even though均能引导让步状语从句,且不能和 “but” 连用;even though语气比 “though” 强(可放句首或句中)。 e.g. Though it rained, we still went to the park. Even though he was tired, he finished his homework. 不同点:though可作副词,表 “不过、然而”; even though 不能放句末作副词 e.g. The movie was long, though it was interesting.(这部电影很长,不过很有趣。) 3 Unit Growing up Section B Vocabulary in Use joyful thankful adj. 高兴的;令人愉快的 adj. 感谢的;感激的 a joyful day 快乐的一天 n. joy 高兴;愉快;喜悦 the joy of reading 阅读的乐趣; share one's joy 分享某人的快乐 adv. joyfully 高兴地,兴高采烈地 常见搭配:①be thankful for + 事物 / 事情(感谢某件事、某个东西); ② be thankful for doing sth (因做了某事而感激”,强调 “感谢某个行为 / 动作本身” ) bully bully sb (into sth/into doing sth) 胁迫/恐吓某人(做)某事 shout at sb negative adj. 否定的;消极的 反义词 positive 积极乐观的;自信的 v. 霸凌;恐吓; n. 恶霸 冲某人喊叫 n. bullying 恃强凌弱者;恶霸 say no to bullying 反对恃强凌弱 相关辨析: shout at VS shout to shout at sb指近距离地 “冲着某人大喊(发脾气)”。 e.g. Don't shout at him. 别对他大喊大叫。 shout to sb 指远距离地 “朝着某人喊(以使对方听见)”。 e.g.Kate is over there, and you should shout to her. 凯特在那边,你应该大声朝她喊。 from time to time She has to work at weekends from time to time. 她偶尔周末还得工作。 physics differently 不时;偶尔 behave behave oneself 使自己举止规矩 n. 物理;物理学 v. 表现;举止得体 adv. 不同地 n. behaviour (=behavior) 行为;举止;习性。 behaviour towards 对……的态度 / 行为 be on one's best behaviour 举止有礼;行为检点 normal mad awake adj. 醒着的 相关辨析: awake VS wake awake adj. 醒着的, 通常跟在系动词be后面作表语,但不能用作定语。 wake v. 醒来, 唤醒, 弄醒; 常与up连用。wake up意为“醒来;叫醒”,如果宾语是代词,该代词要放在wake 和up的中间;如果宾语是名词,则该名词放在up的前面或后面都可以。 adj. 正常的;普通的 adj. 发狂的;疯的 adv. normally 通常;正常地;一般地 反义词:abnormal adj. 不正常的,反常的,变态的 相关拓展:adj. 生气的、愤怒的 be mad at sb(对某人生气) be mad about/at sth(因某事生气) deep take a deep breath mean adj. 刻薄的;吝啬的 回顾复习:(七上) mean v. 意思是;打算 (八上)meaning n. 意义;含义 What does/do…mean? 与What's the meaning of…? 可相互转换。 (七上) meaningful adj. 有意义的,重要的 adj. 深的;有……深的 深呼吸 a deep hole/well/river 很深的洞 / 井 / 河 How deep is the wound? 伤口有多深? 反义词:shallow 3 Unit Growing up Section B Writing pass away The little bird passed away because it was ill. (那只小鸟因为生病去世了。) anybody 去世(委婉说法) pron. 任何人 = anyone, 它强调的是不特定、无特别限制的任何一个人,通常用于肯定句、否定句、或者疑问句。 Anybody can join the club. (任何人都能加入这个俱乐部。) Is anybody in the classroom?(教室里有人吗?) I don't know anybody in this city. (我在这个城市没有认识的人。) 易混点对比: Somebody 则表示“某人”或者“有一个人”,它通常用于肯定句,表示某个特定的人。 Somebody left their bag here.(有人把包落在这里了。) remain We must remain quiet in the library. He remained a good student all year. not only ... but also ... Fu Xing likes not only music but also sport. 复兴不仅喜欢音乐,而且喜欢运动。 The kid is not only healthy but also lively. 这个孩子不仅健康而且活泼可爱。 Not only he but also I enjoy reading books. Not only I but also he enjoys reading books. v. (linking verb) 继续存在;保持不变 当它连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词与but also后面的主语保持人称和数的一致。 常用结构:remain + 形容词 / 名词 / 介词短语(后接表状态的词,构成 “主系表” 结构) 并列连词not only…but also…表示“不仅……而且……”,可以用来连接两个并列的句子成分。 $