假期作业11 话题六：世界奇观—必备知识复盘直接引语和间接引语-【快乐假期】2025-2026学年中职高二英语寒假作业

三022 富二英语的 假期作业11话题六：世界奇观一必备知识复盘 驽马十驾，功在不舍。 完成日期： 月 日 词汇积累 单词识记 19 adj.印象深刻的→ n.印 1 u.面试；采访→ n.采访 象→ v.使留下印象 者，面试官→ n.接受采访者 20. n.奇观u.好奇> adj.绝 2. n.边界 妙的，极好的 3. .平躺，位于 二、短语填写 4 adj.栩栩如生的；逼真的 1. 根据，依照 v.声称 2 以…著称 6 n.目的地，终点 3 在…途中 7 n.海盗 4 在…的顶部 8. v.发现→ n.发现 全世界 9. u.代表 adj,典型的 6. 看起来像… 10. n.远处；距离→ adj.遥远的 7. 因…而著名 11. n.裂缝 8. 解决；算出 12. n.瀑布 9. 经受；仔细检查 13. adj.高耸的→ n.塔，塔楼 10. 为…的所在地 14. n.身材，体型；人物 11. 充满 15. adj.独一无二的，独特的 12. 被认为是 16. .预测，预报 13. 有时；偶尔 17 n.大猩猩 14. 在…起重要作用 18. n.宽度→ adj.广泛的；宽的 15. 值得做… 交际用语 1.Can I ask you some questions about the Hi- Wow,that's amazing! malayas? 哇，太神奇了！ 我能问你一些关于喜马拉雅山的问题吗？ 4.Have you ever been to Guilin?How do you Sure.It's my pleasure. like it? 当然，我很荣幸。 你去过桂林吗？你觉得怎么样？ 2.Have you visited Lake Taihu? It's a charming place.I think it's wonderful. 你去过太湖吗？ 它是一个迷人的地方。我认为它很棒。 Of course.I boated on it and reached several famous islands. 5.How do you think of the Great Barrier Reef 当然。我乘船到达了几个著名的岛屿。 你觉得大堡礁怎么样？ 3.Can you see the white snow on the Tianshan I like it very much,it's one of the seven nat- Mountains? ural wonders of the world. 你能看到天山上的白雪吗？ 我非常喜欢它，它是世界七大自然奇观之一。 语法突破 直接引语和间接引语 引述某人的话一般采用两种形式：一种是直接 一、直接引语变间接引语 引语(Direct Speech),即原封不动地引用原话， A.陈述句的间接引语 把它放在引号内；另一种是间接引语(Indirect 直接引语是陈述句，变为间接引语时，在多数 Speech),即用自己的话加以转述，被转述的内 情况下都构成一个that引导的宾语从句，引 容不放在引号内。 述动词通常是say,tell等。与此同时，间接 ·33· 火是快乐假职 0M= 引语中的人称、时态和其他方面也要相应有 She asked me,“What's the matter with you?” 所变化。 她问我：“你怎么啦？” The foreigner said to me,"I like Beijing very -She asked me what was the matter with me. much.” 她问我，我怎么啦。 那老外告诉我：“我很喜欢北京。” C.祈使句的间接引语 -The foreigner told me that he (she)liked 1.直接引语为祈使句时，间接引语往往用复合 Beijing very much. 宾语来表示，其结构为主语十谓语十宾语十 那老外告诉我说他（她）很喜欢北京。 宾语补足语（动词不定式）。引述动词可根据 She said,“We are very fond of sports.” 口气选用tell,ask,order,command,request 她说：“我们都喜欢体育运动。” 等词，句中please去掉。 >She said that they were very fond of sports. She said to me,“Please have a rest.” 她说他（她）们都喜欢体育运动。 她对我说：“请休息一下。” “I'll go over the grammar lesson once again,” She asked me to have a rest. he said. 她要求我休息一下。 他说：“我将把语法课再复习一遍。” "Don't all answer at once,"she said to the pupils. ->He said he would go over the grammar les- 她对学生说：“大家不要齐声回答。” son once again. -She told the pupils not to answer all at once. 他说他将要把语法课再复习一遍。(that可 她叫学生不要齐声回答。 省略) 2.带有let的祈使句（表示请求，建议或命令）， B.疑问句的间接引语 可用suggest-十-ing形式或suggest-+that从 1.一般疑问句和反意疑问句 句来表示其相应的意思。 一般疑问句改为间接引语时，要用陈述语序， 并要加连词if或whether,其主句动词常用 “Let's go for a walk,”said the girl. 那姑娘说：“让我们去散散步吧。” ask,wonder,want to know,didn't know等。 句末不用问号。 >The girl suggested going for a walk. 这女孩建议去散散步。 My teacher asked me,"Do you like American country music?” The teacher said,"Let Lily tidy the class- 我老师问我：“你喜欢美国乡村音乐吗？” room.” >My teacher asked me if/whether I liked A- 老师说：“让莉莉整理教室。” merican country music. >The teacher suggested that Lily should ti- 我老师问我是否喜欢美国乡村音乐。 dy the classroom. “You haven't been to Beijing,have you?” 老师建议让莉莉整理教室。 asked he. D.感叹句的间接引语 他问“你没去过北京，是吗？” 直接引语是感叹句变为间接引语时，多采用 -He asked me if/whether I had been to Beijing. 宾语从句结构，既可用what或how引导，也 他问我是否去过北京。 可用that引导。 2.特殊疑问句 “What a clever boy you are!”'my teacher said 间接引语为特殊疑问句时，间接引语前仍然 to him. 用特殊疑问词作为连词引导宾语从句，注意 老师对他说：“你是个聪明的孩子啊！” 从句必须用陈述语序，主句谓语动词常 -My teacher told him what a clever boy 用ask。 he was. He asked,“How do you like it?” 老师对他说他是一个多聪明的孩子啊。 他问：“你觉得它怎样？” My teacher told him that he was a very ->He asked me how I liked it. clever boy. 他问我觉得它怎样。 老师说他是一个非常聪明的孩子。 ·34· 三022 高二英语 二、间接引语中的词语变化 2.指示代词的变化 直接引语变为间接引语时，间接引语中的动 直接引语中的指示代词 词时态、人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、时间 this->that these->those 和地点状语以及主谓语词序往往要作相应的 3.地点状语的变化 变化。 当直接引语变间接引语时，地点状语here通 A.时态的变化 常变为there。但如果说话人所在地点就是 一般现在时→一般过去时 引述人所在地点，那么仍然使用here。 现在完成时→过去完成时 ●[语法专练] 现在进行时→过去进行时 把下列直接引语变为间接引语 现在完成进行时→过去完成进行时 1.The old man said,"I have lived in this street 一般过去时>过去完成时 since1960.” 过去完成时过去完成时（不变） 一般将来时→过去将来时 2.He said,“Is it raining?” 在下列情况下，间接引语中的谓语动词时态 → 可以保持不变。 3.She said to me,"I wrote a letter to my par- a.主句为现在时或将来时，间接引语的时态 ents three days ago.” 保持不变。 → b.间接引语表示的是现在的习惯动作、科学 4."What were you doing at seven p.m.yester- 真理、客观事实、格言等。 day?”he asked. c.间接引语中动词表示的动作说话时仍在进 学 行或状态仍然存在，时态可保持不变。 5.He said,"We shall get ready by eight o'clock. d.间接引语中有明确的过去时间状语，仍可 用一般过去时，不必改为过去完成时。 6.“We are to meet at the school gate,”she said B.代词的变化 to me. 1.人称代词的变化 ①当主句的主语是第一人称时，引语中的人 7.The geography teacher said to the students, 称代词不变。 “The earth moves round the sun.” ②直接引语中主语是第一人称时，在改为 间接引语时，其人称与主句中主语的人称 8.He said,“Every dog has his day.” 一致。 ③直接引语中主语是第二人称时，在改为间 g.He said,“The window is broken.” 接引语时，其人称和主句的宾语相一致。 ④直接引语中主语是第三人称时，在改为间 l0.Just now Brown said,“My son is ill today.” 接引语时不发生变化。 快乐驿站 Two men were talking at the office rest room.One was telling the other about a fight he'd with his wife..“In the end,”he said,“I had her begging on her knee,.” “What did she say?”asked the coworker. “She told me to come out from under the bed..” 两个男人在办公室的休息室里聊天。其中一个告诉另一个他和妻子吵架的事。“最后，”他 说，“我让她跪着求我。” “她说什么？”同事问。 “她叫我从床底下出来。” ·35·立快乐假期 话题五 一、单词识记 1.advantage 2.efficiency;efficient 3.application;appli- cant;apply 4.enjoyable;enjoy;5.improve;improvement 6.attitude 7.increasing;increase 8.benefit;beneficial 9.obvious;obviously 10.cause 11.communicate;com- munication 12.practice;practical 13.depend;dependent 14.properly;proper 15.disaster;disastrous 16.risk 17.education;educate;educator 18.scan 19.effect;effec- tive 20.serve 二、短语填写 1.agree with 2.to be honest 3.serve as 4.look around 5.communicate with 6.after all 7.in terms of 8.thanks to 9.with the help of 10.lead to 11.no longer 12.depend on 13.in addition 14,be popular with 15,in total 语法专练 1.to help 2.to win 3.to be held 4.written 5.to be tricked 6.polluted 7.talking 8.organized 9.singing 10.working 素养提升 I.1.advantages 2.application 3.enjoyable 4.improve 5.attitude 6.benefit 7.obvious 8.caused 9.commu- nicate 10.disaster II.1.depend on 2.with the help of 3.communicate with 4.look around 5.To be honest 6.agree with 7.after all 8.Thanks to Ⅲ.1-5：CDBCD6-10:CCBDC11-15:BCCAC Ⅳ.A[语篇解读]随着科学技术的发展，社会生活出现了 越来越多的变化。如果仔细观察，你会发现我们的世界正变 得越来越智能。本文向我们介绍了智能住宅的神奇之处。 l.D[细节理解题。根据第一段中的“With the develop- ment of science and technology...you'll find that our world is getting smarter all the time.”可知，正是由于科 学技术的发展，我们的世界才变得越来越智能。] 2.A[细节理解题。根据第二、三、四段的内容可知，文章 分别介绍了智能安全系统、智能温度控制器和智能音 箱，所以文章共提到了智能住宅的三种智能设备。门 3.C[细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“The smart security system can lock or unlock the front door without a key." 知，智能安全系统无需钥匙就能锁住或打开前门。] 4.A[推理判断题。根据文章最后一句“As time goes on, we're sure to find more ways to make our homes smar- tr!”可知，随着时间的推移，我们一定会找到更多的方 法使我们的住宅更智能，言外之意是我们的住宅在未来 会更智能。] 5.B[篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第一段介绍了随着科 学技术的发展，世界正变得越来越智能；第二、三、四段 是并列关系，分别介绍了智能安全系统、智能温度控制 器和智能音箱；第五段总结全文，展望未来，提出我们的 住宅在未来会更智能。所以，本文是总一分一总的 结构。 B.[语篇解读]一家机器人公司发明了一些机器人，这些 机器人被用于给大学生送餐。随着人们逐渐习惯于机器 人送餐服务，未来也许会有越来越多的机器人出现，为人 们服务。 6.D[细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“The robots,a bout 50 centimeters tall,are bringing food like pizza to hungry students.”可知，这些机器人是被用来送餐的。] 7.A[句意理解题。根据第二段中的“The company has put more than 1,000 robots into use now,up from just 250 in 2019.Hundreds more will be sent out soon.They are carrying food at 20 US colleges and 25 more will be added soon.”可知，该公司目前已投入使用1000多台机 器人，很快还会再派出数百台。它们正在20所美国大学 递送食物，并且服务学校的数量还将增加25所。由此可 推测，此处Alastair说的是人们对于机器人的需求增长 很快。] 8 000- 8.C[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“And the need could keep high even without the rule because people have got- ten used to the service'”可知，Alastair认为即使没有这个 规定，人们对于机器人的需求也会保持在很高的水平， 因为人们已经习惯了这项服务，由此可知，Alastair认为 他们公司的机器人前景很好。] 9.C[细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Maloney said Nuro's robots cost more than using human drivers for now.”可知，目前，Nuro公司的机器人的使用成本比人 类驾驶员的高一些。] 10.B[推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了机 器人在当前社会中的应用，并对它们的前景展开了预 测，这些都与机器人科学技术的发展有关。由此可推 知，本文最可能来自杂志的科技部分。] V.1-5:DAEBC VI.1.are putting 2.their 3.brings 4.when 5.to read 6.But 7.excited 8.in 9.sisters 10.who I.[参考范文] With the development of science and technology,great advances have been made in artificial intelligence.In my o- pinion,robots will get into our daily life in the future and the functions of them will increase with time. For instance,robots can cook in regular time,and they can have an adjustment for different needs as well. For the old people who are lonely,robots can chat,play chess and do exercise with them.Moreover,they are able to deal with accidents when the old fall to the ground,such as making an emergency call. To sum up,I think robots will change our future life a lot,and make it more colourful than before. 话题六 一、单词识记 1.interview;interviewer;interviewee 2.border 3.lie 4.lifelike 5.claim 6.destination 7.pirate 8.discover; discovery 9.represent;representative 10.distance;dis- tant 11.rift 12.fall 13.towering;tower 14.figure 15.unique 16.forecast 17.gorilla 18.width;wide 19.impressive;impression;impress 20.wonder;wonderful 二、短语填写 1.according to 2.be known as 3.on the way 4.on the top of 5.all over the world 6.look like 7.be famous for 8.work out 9.go through 10.be home to 11.be filled with 12.be regarded as 13.at times 14.play an important role in 15.be worth doing 语法专练 1.The old man said that he had lived in that street since 1960.2.He asked if it was raining.3.She told me that she had written a letter to her parents three days before. 4.He asked me what I was doing at seven p.m.the day be- fore.5.He said that they would get ready by eight o'clock.6.She told me that they were to meet at the school gate.7.The geography teacher told the students that the earth moves round the sun.8.He said that every dog has his day.9.He said that the window was broken. 10.Brown told me just now that his son was ill today. 素养提升 I.1.interview 2.border 3.lifelike 4.claim 5.destination 6.discovered 7.represent 8.distance 9.figure 10.unique II.1.is worth reading 2.is/was famous for 3.look like 4.is regarded as 5.is home to 6.all over the world 7.on the way 8.go through Ⅲ.1-5：DABDC6-10:DDABC11-15:ADCBC V,A.[语篇解读]本文介绍了澳大利亚的一块著名的岩 石 一艾尔斯岩，当地人称其为鸟奴奴岩。 1.B[细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“Itis348 meters high and9.4 kilometers round.”可知，这块巨石的周长 为9400米。] 三0022 2.D[细节理解题。通读第三段可知，本段后半部分介绍 了岩石的颜色是如何变化的。太阳落山时，岩石会先变 成红色再变成蓝色；下雨时，岩石会变成银灰色。] 3.A[推理判断題。根据最后一段前两句“For a long time,visitors liked to climb the rock.But since 2017, they have not been allowed to do that.”可知，从20l7年 开始，人们不能爬上这块巨石了。由此可推知，人们现 在不能站在巨石上拍照了。] 4.B[词义猜测题。根据最后一段第四句“It is so impor- tant to them so they don't want the visitors to climb it." 可知，这块巨石对当地人来说是很重要的，所以他们不 想让游客爬它；结合选项可推测，对当地人来说，这块巨 石是神圣的。 5.C[推理判断题。本文主要介绍了位于澳大利亚的艾 尔斯岩，每年都有很多人去那里游玩。故本文应该出自 一本旅游杂志。门 B.[语篇解读]本文介绍了与星星相关的一些知识。 6.C[细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Long long ago, farmers watched some stars to know when to plant their crops.Travelers did so to find their way in the dark." 知，旅行者通过观察星星在黑暗中找到自己的路。] 7.B[细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“The gases are so hot that they send out light.”可知，气体能发光是因为它 们温度高。] 8.A[细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Air is always moving,and it makes light from the star move,too. When the light moves,it makes the star twinkle.”可知， 空气是移动的，星星发出的光跟着空气移动，当光移动 时，星星就会闪烁。] 9.D[细节理解题。根据文章最后一句“To our surprise, the cool stars are red and the hot stars are white..”可知， 红色的星星温度低，白色的星星温度高。] l0.D[细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Long long ago, farmers watched some stars to know when to plant their crops.”可知，很久以前农民通过观察星星来确定何时 种植庄稼。门 V.[语篇解读]上海的一所学校建于1935年，具有深厚 的历史意义。但是学校所在地要建造一座新的大楼，为了 保护它，上海的工程师们在学校下面安装了很多机械腿， 成功地把这所学校搬到了一个新地方。 1-5:BADCD 6-10:ACBCD VI.1-5:BDCEA V.1.a 2.cloudy 3.for 4.got 5.butterflies 6.quickly 7.taking 8.because 9.first 10.to visit Ⅷ.[参考范文] Last week,my parents went to Guilin to visit their friends,so I have the chance to go to Guilin with them. I felt so excited when we got there.I had heard about Guilin many times.People told me that the scenery there was very beautiful.When I arrived there,I could feel,the air there was so fresh.The second day,my parents went to see the scenery.We rent a boat,enjoying the magnificent mountains and clean water.At that moment,I felt I was one member of the Guilin people. People claim that Guilin's mountain and water rank the first in the world,and now I believe.I want to go to visit Guilin again. 话题七 一、单词识记 1.apology;apologize 2.inconvenience;convenience 3.arrange;arrangement 4.battery 5.mention 6.blank 7.patience;patient 8.charge 9.promise 10.check 11.complaint;complain 12.reduce;reduction 13.damage 14.refund 15.delay 16.request 17.deliv- er;delivery 18.sincere;sincerity 19.exchange 20.guar- antee 8 高二英语 二、短语填写 1.complain about 2.under guarantee 3.deal with 4.due to 5.in charge of 6.try one's best to do sth. 7.make sure 8.even though 9.in the future 10.make up for 11.send out 12.be prepared for 13.at the be- ginning of 14.ahead of time 15.look forward to 语法专练 1-5:CDDAB 6-10:CBABD 11-12:CA 素养提升 I.1.apology 2.arrange 3.mentioned 4.blank 5.promise 6.check 7.reduce 8.damaged 9.refund 10.delayed II.1.are prepared for 2.in charge of 3.send out 4.make up for 5.under guarantee 6.due to 7.even though 8.complain about Ⅲ.1-5：BCDDD6-10:ADBDD11-15:BCDAB V.A[语篇解读]本文介绍了艺术博物馆的开放时间、 门票价格和前往博物馆的交通方式。 l.C[细节理解题。根据Opening hours中的Friday: Closed可知，艺术博物馆在周五闭馆，故你不可以在周 五去艺术博物馆。] 2.A[数字计算题。根据Tickets中的Tickets online: $17可知，在网上购票时的票价是17美元，故Linda和 她的三个朋友共需支付：17×4=68（美元）。] 3.B[细节理解题。根据Getting to the museum中的 “Bus:No.21,24,27,39,48,68”可知，一共有六条公交 线路可以到达艺术博物馆。] 4.C[细节理解题。根据Getting to the museum中的“We provide500 free parking spaces..”可知，艺术博物馆免费 提供500个停车位。] 5.D[推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了艺术 博物馆的开放时间、门票价格和前往博物馆的交通方 式。由此可推知，本文可能来自一本旅行指南。] B.[语篇解读]l4岁的Caspar Schoonbrood是一名高中 生。不久前，他走遍了墨尔本所有的火车站并拍镊了照 片，创作了一本168页的图片集，完成了自己的作业。 6.B[细节理解题。根据第一段的内容可知，Caspar用五 个月的时间为墨尔本的每个火车站都拍了照片。由此 可知，Caspar去过墨尔本所有的火车站。] 7.C[细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Caspar's interest in taking photos of every station came from a wish to travel on all the train lines.”可知，Caspar为每个火车站 拍照这个兴趣源于他想乘所有火车线路旅行这个 愿望。] 8.A[词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“I had to finish the photo book for my Year8 project”及“And because there were so many stations to visit,I had to visit stations on weekends and on most weekdays after school..”可知， Caspar必须完成他八年级的作业，因为要去的火车站太 多了，所以他不得不在周末和大多数工作日放学后去车 站。由此可知，Caspar的时间非常紧张，故推断他有点 焦虑。] 9.C[推理判断题。根据最后一段中Caspar说的话可知， Caspar很喜欢老式车站建筑，Westgarth车站便是一个 很好的例子。由此可推断，作者在最后一段提到West garth车站是为了列举一个老式车站建筑的例子。] 10.C[主旨大意题。通读全文可知，l4岁的Caspar为了 完成八年级的作业，走遍了墨尔本所有的火车站并拍 摄了照片，创作了一本l68页的图片集，故C项“Caspar 为了学校的作业‘定格’了所有的火车站”最适合作本 文的标题。] V.1-5:BACDE VI.1.photos 2.on 3.and 4.are 5.to sit 6.recorded 7.holding 8.a 9.was formed 10.meaningful