Unit 2 语法专练 2025-2026学年沪教版（五四学制）八年级英语下册

沪教五四制八下第二单元语法专练 感叹句 第一部分：基本概念 1. 什么是感叹句？ 感叹句 用来表达强烈的情感，如惊讶、喜悦、赞赏、悲伤、愤怒等。它通常以 What 或 How 开头，句末用感叹号(!)。 2. 感叹句的两种基本类型 引导词 强调对象 基本结构 What 强调名词 What (+ a/an) + 形容词 + 名词 + 主语 + 谓语! How 强调形容词/副词 How + 形容词/副词 + 主语 + 谓语! 3. 基本例句对比 What 感叹句 How 感叹句 What a beautiful girl she is! How beautiful she is! What interesting books they are! How interesting the books are! What nice weather it is! How nice the weather is! 第二部分：What 引导的感叹句 1. 基本结构 What (+ a/an) + 形容词 + 名词 + 主语 + 谓语! 2. 根据名词类型细分 名词类型 结构 例句 单数可数名词 What + a/an + 形容词 + 名词 + 主谓! What a beautiful girl she is! What an interesting book it is! 复数可数名词 | What + 形容词 + 名词复数 + 主谓! What interesting books they are! What beautiful flowers these are! 不可数名词 What + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + 主谓! What nice weather it is! What delicious food this is! 3. 省略形式 在口语中，常省略 "主语 + 谓语" 部分，特别是在非正式场合。 完整形式 省略形式 What a beautiful girl she is! What a beautiful girl! What interesting books they are! What interesting books! What nice weather it is! What nice weather! 4. What 感叹句的语序变化 正常语序：What + 名词短语 + 主语 + 谓语! What a lovely day it is! 倒装语序（较少见）：What + 名词短语 + 谓语 + 主语! What a lovely day is it!（较古板，不常用） 第三部分：How 引导的感叹句 1. 基本结构 How + 形容词/副词 + 主语 + 谓语! 2. 根据强调对象细分 强调对象 结构 例句 形容词 How + 形容词 + 主语 + 谓语! How beautiful she is! How interesting the book is! 副词 How + 副词 + 主语 + 谓语! How fast he runs! How well she sings! 动词 How + 主语 + 谓语! How time flies! How he snores! 3. How + 形容词 + a/an + 名词 + 谓语! 这是一种特殊的 How 感叹句结构，相当于 What 感叹句。 How 结构 相当于的 What 结构 How beautiful a girl she is! What a beautiful girl she is! How interesting a book it is! What an interesting book it is! 4. 省略形式 How 感叹句也可以省略 "主语 + 谓语"。 完整形式 省略形式 How beautiful she is! How beautiful! How fast he runs! How fast! 第四部分：What 与 How 的对比与转换 1. 核心区别对比 对比维度 What 感叹句 How 感叹句 强调对象 强调名词 强调形容词/副词 基本结构 What (+ a/an) + 形 + 名 + 主谓! How + 形/副 + 主谓! 例句 What a nice day it is! How nice the day is! 后接 名词短语 形容词或副词 2. 相互转换规则 What 与 How 感叹句可以相互转换，但结构不同。 What 感叹句 How 感叹句 What a beautiful girl she is! How beautiful she is! What an interesting book it is! How interesting the book is! What beautiful flowers these are! How beautiful these flowers are! What nice weather it is! How nice the weather is! 3. 转换步骤 以 "What a beautiful girl she is!" 为例： 步骤1： 找到被强调的名词短语中的形容词 → beautiful 步骤2： 将 What 换成 How，去掉名词和冠词 → How beautiful 步骤3： 加上主语和谓语（注意主语通常要调整） → How beautiful she is! 4. 特殊情况：How + 形容词 + a/an + 名词 这种结构可以直接对应 What 感叹句： How 结构 What 结构 How beautiful a girl she is! What a beautiful girl she is! How interesting a book it is! What an interesting book it is! 第五部分：感叹句的其他形式 1. 单词或短语作感叹句 类型 例句 单个词 Wonderful! / Great! / Excellent! / Amazing! 短语 Good idea! / Poor thing! / Well done! 2. 陈述句变感叹句（通过语调或感叹号） 陈述句 感叹句（口语中通过重读和语调） It's a beautiful day. It's a beautiful day! She sings well. She sings so well! 3. 以 "So" 或 "Such" 开头的感叹句 结构 例句 So + 形容词 So beautiful! Such (+ a/an) + 名词 Such a beautiful girl! 4. 疑问形式的感叹句（否定疑问句） 结构 例句 Isn't + 主语 + 形容词? Isn't she beautiful?（她真漂亮！） Don't + 主语 + 动词? Don't they sing well?（他们唱得真好！） 第六部分：常见易错点 易错点1：What 与 How 混淆 ❌ How a beautiful girl she is! ✅ What a beautiful girl she is! ✅ How beautiful she is! ❌ What beautiful she is! ✅ How beautiful she is! 易错点2：What 感叹句中冠词的使用 单数可数名词必须有冠词： ❌ What beautiful girl she is! ✅ What a beautiful girl she is! ✅ What an interesting book it is! 复数名词不用冠词： ✅ What beautiful girls they are! ❌ What a beautiful girls they are! 不可数名词不用冠词： ✅ What nice weather it is! ❌ What a nice weather it is! 易错点3：What 感叹句中的语序 ❌ What a beautiful girl is she! ✅ What a beautiful girl she is! 感叹句通常用陈述语序（主语在前，谓语在后），不是疑问语序。 易错点4：How 感叹句中漏掉主语或谓语 ❌ How beautiful!（口语中可接受，但完整形式更规范） ✅ How beautiful she is! 易错点5：How + 形容词 + a/an + 名词 结构的误用 这种结构中，形容词后必须有 a/an + 名词： ❌ How beautiful girl she is! ✅ How beautiful a girl she is! 易错点6：感叹号的使用 感叹句句末必须用感叹号，不能用句号。 ❌ What a beautiful day. ✅ What a beautiful day! 第七部分：练习题 Level 1：用 What 或 How 填空 1. ________ a beautiful day it is! 2. ________ fast he runs! 3. ________ interesting books they are! 4. ________ nice weather we're having! 5. ________ well she sings! 6. ________ an amazing performance! 7. ________ lovely children! 8. ________ delicious the food is! 9. ________ a clever boy! 10. ________ wonderful news! Level 2：选择正确的选项 1. ________ a lovely girl she is! A. What B. How C. What a D. How a 2. ________ beautiful flowers these are! A. What B. How C. What a D. How a 3. ________ fast the car goes! A. What B. How C. What a D. How a 4. ________ interesting movie it is! A. What B. How C. What an D. How an 5. ________ nice weather it is! A. What B. How C. What a D. How a 6. ________ well he plays the piano! A. What B. How C. What a D. How a 7. ________ expensive car! A. What B. How C. What an D. How an 8. ________ kind she is to everyone! A. What B. How C. What a D. How a Level 3：句型转换（将 What 感叹句改为 How 感叹句） 1. What a beautiful girl she is! → ________ ________ she is! 2. What an interesting book it is! → ________ ________ the book is! 3. What beautiful flowers these are! → ________ ________ these flowers are! 4. What nice weather it is! → ________ ________ the weather is! 5. What delicious food this is! → ________ ________ this food is! 6. What a fast runner he is! → ________ ________ he runs! Level 4：句型转换（将 How 感叹句改为 What 感叹句） 1. How beautiful she is! → ________ ________ ________ ________ she is! 2. How interesting the book is! → ________ ________ ________ ________ it is! 3. How fast he runs! → ________ ________ ________ ________ he is! 4. How well she sings! → ________ ________ ________ ________ she is! 5. How nice the weather is! → ________ ________ ________ it is! 6. How delicious the food is! → ________ ________ ________ it is! Level 5：改错题（每句有一处错误） 1. What beautiful girl she is! _________________________________________________________________ 2. How a fast runner he is! _________________________________________________________________ 3. What nice weather it is!（判断对错） _________________________________________________________________ 4. How beautiful flowers these are! _________________________________________________________________ 5. What an useful tool this is! _________________________________________________________________ 6. How well does she sing! _________________________________________________________________ 7. What a interesting story! _________________________________________________________________ 8. How beautiful is she! _________________________________________________________________ Level 6：完成句子（根据中文提示） 1. 多漂亮的一个女孩啊！ ________ ________ ________ ________ she is! ________ ________ she is! 2. 他跑得真快啊！ ________ ________ he runs! ________ ________ ________ ________ he is! 3. 多么有趣的书啊！ ________ ________ ________ ________ it is! ________ ________ the book is! 4. 天气真好！ ________ ________ ________ it is! ________ ________ the weather is! 5. 她唱得真好！ ________ ________ she sings! ________ ________ ________ ________ she is! 6. 多么美味的食物啊！ ________ ________ ________ it is! ________ ________ this food is! Level 7：语境填空 Passage 1：A Birthday Party Yesterday was my sister's birthday. We threw her a surprise party. ________ (1. What / How) a wonderful party it was! Everyone came dressed in beautiful clothes. My sister was so surprised. ________ (2. What / How) happy she looked! The cake was delicious. ________ (3. What / How) a beautiful cake it was! My sister's friends sang for her. ________ (4. What / How) well they sang! We played many games. ________ (5. What / How) fun we had! ________ (6. What / How) a memorable day it was! Passage 2：A Beautiful Garden Last weekend, I visited my grandmother's garden. ________ (7. What / How) beautiful it was! There were so many flowers. ________ (8. What / How) colorful roses! ________ (9. What / How) sweet they smelled! There was also a small pond. ________ (10. What / How) clear the water was! Some fish were swimming in it. ________ (11. What / How) gracefully they moved! My grandmother spends hours in her garden every day. ________ (12. What / How) hard she works! ________ (13. What / How) a peaceful place it is! Level 8：翻译句子 1. 多漂亮的一幅画啊！ _________________________________________________________________ 2. 他跑得真快！ _________________________________________________________________ 3. 多么有趣的故事啊！ _________________________________________________________________ 4. 天气真好！ _________________________________________________________________ 5. 她唱得真好听！ _________________________________________________________________ 6. 多聪明的孩子啊！ _________________________________________________________________ 7. 这本书真有趣！ _________________________________________________________________ 8. 多么美味的食物！ _________________________________________________________________ 第八部分：综合测试 Section A：单项选择（15题） 1. ________ a beautiful day it is! A. What B. How C. What a D. How a 2. ________ fast he runs! A. What B. How C. What a D. How a 3. ________ interesting books they are! A. What B. How C. What an D. What a 4. ________ nice weather we're having! A. What B. How C. What a D. How a 5. ________ well she sings! A. What B. How C. What a D. How a 6. ________ expensive car! A. What an B. How an C. What D. How 7. ________ kind she is to everyone! A. What B. How C. What a D. How a 8. ________ lovely children! A. What B. How C. What a D. How a 9. ________ wonderful news! A. What B. How C. What a D. How a 10. ________ clever boy he is! A. What a B. How a C. What D. How 11. ________ beautifully she dances! A. What B. How C. What a D. How a 12. ________ useful tool this is! A. What a B. What an C. How a D. How an 13. ________ exciting movie we watched! A. What an B. What a C. How an D. How 14. ________ hard they work! A. What B. How C. What a D. How a 15. ________ amazing performance! A. What an B. What a C. How an D. How Section B：用 What, What a, What an 或 How 填空 1. ________ beautiful girl she is! 2. ________ fast he runs! 3. ________ interesting story it is! 4. ________ nice weather! 5. ________ well she plays the piano! 6. ________ expensive car! 7. ________ lovely children! 8. ________ delicious food! 9. ________ useful tool this is! 10. ________ amazing view! Section C：句型转换 1. What a beautiful girl she is! → ________ ________ she is! 2. How interesting the book is! → ________ ________ ________ ________ it is! 3. What fast runners they are! → ________ ________ they run! 4. How well she sings! → ________ ________ ________ ________ she is! 5. What nice weather it is! → ________ ________ the weather is! Section D：改错题（5题） 1. What beautiful girl she is! _________________________________________________________________ 2. How a fast runner he is! _________________________________________________________________ 3. What an useful tool this is! _________________________________________________________________ 4. How beautiful is she! _________________________________________________________________ 5. What nice weather it is!（判断对错） _________________________________________________________________ 第九部分：参考答案 Level 1 答案 1. What 2. How 3. What 4. What 5. How 6. What 7. What 8. How 9. What 10. What Level 2 答案 1. A（What a + 名词） 2. A（What + 复数名词） 3. B（How + 副词） 4. C（What an + 名词） 5. A（What + 不可数名词） 6. B（How + 副词） 7. C（What an + 名词） 8. B（How + 形容词） Level 3 答案 1. How beautiful 2. How interesting 3. How beautiful 4. How nice 5. How delicious 6. How fast Level 4 答案 1. What a beautiful girl 2. What an interesting book 3. What a fast runner 4. What a good singer（注意：不是直译，要合理转换） 5. What nice weather 6. What delicious food Level 5 答案 1. What a beautiful girl she is! 2. What a fast runner he is!（或 How fast he runs!） 3. 正确（weather是不可数名词，不用a） 4. What beautiful flowers these are!（flowers是名词，用What） 5. What a useful tool this is!（useful以辅音音素开头，用a） 6. How well she sings!（感叹句用陈述语序） 7. What an interesting story!（interesting以元音音素开头） 8. How beautiful she is!（陈述语序） Level 6 答案 1. What a beautiful girl; How beautiful 2. How fast; What a fast runner 3. What an interesting book; How interesting 4. What nice weather; How nice 5. How well; What a good singer 6. What delicious food; How delicious Level 7 答案 1. What 2. How 3. What 4. How 5. What 6. What 7. How 8. What 9. How 10. How 11. How 12. How 13. What Level 8 答案 1. What a beautiful picture it is! How beautiful the picture is! 2. How fast he runs! What a fast runner he is! 3. What an interesting story it is! How interesting the story is! 4. What nice weather it is! How nice the weather is! 5. How well she sings! What a good singer she is! 6. What a clever child he/she is! How clever the child is! 7. How interesting this book is! What an interesting book this is! 8. What delicious food! How delicious the food is! 综合测试答案 Section A： 15 A B A A B 610 A B A A A 1115 B A A B A Section B： 1. What a 2. How 3. What an 4. What 5. How 6. What an 7. What 8. What 9. What a 10. What an Section C： 1. How beautiful 2. What an interesting book 3. How fast 4. What a good singer 5. How nice Section D： 1. What a beautiful girl she is! 2. What a fast runner he is!（或 How fast he runs!） 3. What a useful tool this is! 4. How beautiful she is! 5. 正确 第十部分：记忆口诀 What 与 How 区分口诀 What后跟的是名词， 形名一起构成短语。 How后跟形或副词， 强调特征或方式。 What 感叹句口诀 What a/an 单数名， 复数不可数 What 就行。 形容词放在冠词后， 主谓放在最后头。 How 感叹句口诀 How 后紧跟形或副， 主谓接着后面住。 若是强调形容词， How 形 a/an 名也可用。 转换口诀 What 名句变 How， 去掉名词留形副。 How 句变 What， 加上名冠要记熟。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $