Unit 1 知识点汇总 -2025-2026学年外研版英语八年级下册

该初中英语知识清单系统梳理新外研社八下U1核心知识点，涵盖语法结构、词汇辨析、动词用法及句型等。从基础结构（如keep sb/sth doing sth）到词汇辨析（如other与else），再到句型应用（如It’s+adj.+to do sth），形成连贯的学习支架。 知识链路按“基础用法—拓展应用—对比辨析”逻辑展开，通过词汇对比（如through/across/over/past）培养思维品质，每个知识点配例句和拓展提升语言能力，系统梳理助力学习能力发展，适合教学中引导学生构建知识网络。

新外研社八下U1知识点汇总 1. keep sb/sth doing sth 结构:“keep+宾语+宾语补足语”,宾补可以是动词-ing或形容词. 例句:She keeps her students laughing in class. 2. other 与 else 辨析 other:限定词,修饰名词/代词,位于被修饰词之前. else:副词,修饰不定代词或疑问代词,位于被修饰词之后.例句:She has something else to ask. 3. be like 像...一样;...怎么样(like 作介词). 例句:He’s like a father to me. 4. make sth/sb+形容词 结构:形容词作宾语补足语. 例句:The news made her eyes wet. 拓展:make sb do sth(让某人做某事). 5. It’s+adj.+to do sth. 做某事是...的(it 为形式主语,真正主语是不定式). 拓展:It’s+adj.+for sb to do sth.(对某人来说,做某事是...的);It’s+adj.+of sb to do sth.(某人做某事是...的,描述人物品质). 例句:It’s dangerous for a child to stay at home alone. 6. say goodbye to... 向...道别. 拓展:say thanks to sb(向某人道谢);say hello to sb(向某人问好);say sorry to sb(向某人道歉). 例句:When I got on the bus, I said goodbye to him. 7. be filled with装满了...;充满...(相当于 be full of). 拓展:fill…with…(用...把...装满). 例句:The big family is filled with love. 8. both...and... ...和...都;既...又...(连接并列成分,连接并列主语时谓语用复数).例句:My mother is both kind and patient. 9. keep sth in one’s memory某人记得某事;某人将某事铭记在心中. 例句:She kept his kind words in her memory for years. 10. much 修饰比较级用法:副词,意为“...得多”,用于形容词/副词比较级前. 例句:He is much taller than any other boy in the class. 11. wet adj.湿的,潮的,潮湿的(反义词:dry).例句:The ground is wet after the rain. 12. all over浑身;到处,各处.例句:I felt tired all over after the hike. 13. drop n.(液体的)滴,a drop of(一滴...).v.掉下;落下(过去式/过去分词:dropped). 例句:There is a drop of water on the table. 14. sweat n.汗,汗水,drops of sweat(汗珠).v.出汗,流汗.例句:Drops of sweat rolled down his forehead. 15. remind及物动词,使想起;提醒. 用法:remind sb of sb/sth(使某人想起某人/某事)remind sb to do sth(提醒某人做某事) remind sb+that 从句(提醒某人...) 16. through, across, over 与 past 辨析 through:从内部穿过. across:从表面穿过. over:从上方越过. past:从旁边经过. 例句:The girl walked through the forest alone. 17. newborn adj.新生的.n.新生儿(可数).例句:The newborn baby sleeps most of the day. 18. watch sb do sth 与 watch sb doing sth 辨析 watch sb do sth:看着某人做某事(强调全过程或经常发生). watch sb doing sth:看到某人正在做某事(强调动作正在进行). 19. bit by bit逐渐地,一点一点地. 拓展:little by little(逐渐地);step by step(一步一步地);day by day(一天天地). 例句:Bit by bit, I realised how much my parents loved me. 20. excited 与 exciting 辨析 excited:兴奋的,激动的(描述人的感受,常作表语). exciting:令人兴奋的,令人激动的(描述事物特征,常作表语或定语). 21. try to do sth 与 try doing sth 辨析 try to do sth:努力做某事;尽力做某事.try doing sth:试着做某事. 22. brush n.刷子;毛刷(复数:brushes),可构成复合名词如 toothbrush(牙刷).v.刷,刷掉,拂拭. 23. show sth to sb把某物展示给某人看(与 show sb sth 同义,sth 为代词时常用 show sth to sb). 例句:He showed the beautiful photos of his trip to his classmates. 24. be considered sth被认为是...;被看作是....拓展:consider doing sth(考虑做某事). 例句:She is considered a great singer in our school. 25. regret v.后悔;对...感到遗憾(过去式/过去分词:regretted;现在分词:regretting).n.失望;懊悔;遗憾. regret doing sth(对做过的事后悔) regret to do sth(对要做的事遗憾) 26. a sense of achievement成就感. 拓展:a sense of...(...感觉),如 a sense of humour(幽默感). 例句:He looked around the room with a sense of achievement. 27. shine v.发光,照耀;闪耀,繁荣(过去式/过去分词:shone);表现突出,出众. 例句:The sun is shining and it’s very warm. 28. because of 与 because 辨析 because of:短语介词,后接名词;代词或动词-ing. because:连词,后接完整句子. 例句:He got lost because of the bad weather. 29. challenging adj.富于挑战性的;困难而有趣的.拓展:challenge(v.向...挑战;n.挑战). 例句:This maths problem is challenging, but I want to solve it. 30. wish 与 hope 辨析 wish:表示强烈或难以实现的“愿望”“祝愿”,结构有 wish to do sth;wish sb to do sth;wish+that 从句;wish sb sth. hope:表示可实现的“希望”“期望”,结构有 hope to do sth;hope+that 从句. 31. interview n.面试;面谈.v.对(某人)进行面试;采访(interview sb for sth / interview sb about sth). 例句:I have a job interview this afternoon. 32. communication n.信息交流;沟通(不可数).拓展:communicate(v.交流;沟通,communicate with). 例句:People should have good communication skills. 33. expect及物动词,期望;预料;期待.用法:expect sth;expect to do sth;expect sb to do sth;expect+that 从句. 例句:I expect you to master the grammar rules. 34. require及物动词,需要,要求(用法与 need 类似).用法:require sth;require sb to do sth;require doing sth. 例句:The teacher required the students to keep silent. 35. organise (=organize) v.组织,策划,安排(宾语多为活动;程序等). n. organisation (=organization). 例句:organise a meeting(组织一次会议). 36. throughout prep.在整个期间,自始至终;遍及,在...各处. 例句:We are open every weekend throughout the year. 37. make sure确保;查明(祈使句中表请求/要求).用法:make sure+(that) 从句;make sure of (doing) sth. 例句:Make sure (that) you can get a ticket. 38. benefit n.好处,益处,裨益((have) the benefit of...;for the benefit of...;get/receive benefit from...). v.获益,有利于(benefit from...). 例句:Regular exercise has many benefits for your health. 39. training n.训练,培训(不可数,为动词 train 的名词形式). 拓展:train(v.训练;n.火车,列车). 例句:Did you take the basketball training last week? 40. encourage sb to do sth鼓励某人做某事 例句:When I fell and hurt myself, my mother encouraged me to stand up and gave me a hug. 41. one(不定代词)一(个),指代“同名异物”,即与前面同属一类的事物但不是同一个;指代同类事物中的一些用ones. 例句:This apple is small. Please give me a big one. 42. on the way①即将到达/发生;②在路上 例句:More changes are on the way. 43. if引导的条件状语从句 规则:可放主句前(常用逗号隔开)或主句后;主句为一般将来时;祈使句或谓语含情态动词时,从句用一般现在时表将来. 例句:He will go to school if he feels better tomorrow. 44. few, a few, little 与 a little 辨析 few可数名词复数否定含义a few可数名词复数肯定含义little不可数名词否定含义a little不可数名词肯定含义 例句:There are few eggs in the fridge, so I must buy some. 45. spring up突然出现;突然兴起;涌现(spring动词) 例句:Many art clubs spring up in the city during the summer holiday. 46. meet...needs满足...的需求(need作名词,意为“需要,需求”) 例句:Our school library buys new books to meet students' reading needs. 47. necessary adj.必要的,必需的,必不可少的(反义词:unnecessary);常用于“It’s necessary for sb to do sth”结构. 例句:It's necessary for us to buy a computer. 48. be replaced by 被...(所)取代,用...替换 例句:The traditional method is replaced by a new technology. 49. replace 及物动词,以...替换,更换;搭配replace sb/sth(替换某人/某物);replace sth with sth(用某物替换某物). 例句:We replaced the old sofa with a new one. 50. pay v.(过去式/过去分词:paid),付款,付钱(给某人). 用法:①pay for (sth)(为某物付款);②pay some money(付一些钱);③pay sb(付款给某人);④pay (sb) some money for sth(付一些钱买某物) 例句:I'll pay for the ticket. 51. on one’s own单独,独自(相当于by oneself);拓展:of one's own(属于某人自己的). 例句:She often travels on her own. 52. there will be...将有...;会有...(一般将来时,可与“There is/are going to be...”转换);主谓一致遵循“就近原则”. 例句:There will be a film this evening. 53. human①adj.人的,人类的;②可数名词,人;人类(与human being同义,复数:humans). 例句:There are many different cell types in the human body. 54. 动名词(短语)作主语 规则:单个动名词(短语)作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式. 例句:Helping others is helping ourselves. 55. surely adv.(形容词为sure),①确实地,无疑地;②想必,谅必;拓展:surely not(绝不不可能,绝对不会). 例句:He will surely agree. 56. provide及物动词,提供,供应,供给. 用法:①provide sth(提供某物);②provide sth for sb = provide sb with sth(为某人提供某物). 例句:Our school provides many colourful after-school activities. 57. low adj.(数量;水平或价值)少的;低的(比较级:lower). 例句:This yogurt is very low in fat. 58. cost①名词,费用,成本;②动词,需付费;价钱为. 例句:The high cost of production. 59. beyond①副词,在更远处;往更远处;②介词,在(或向)...较远的一边;③介词,超出(某个数量;水平或限度). 例句:The children ran to the end of the field, then kept going beyond. 60. virtual adj.虚拟的,模拟的. 例句:a virtual classroom(虚拟教室) 61. reality n. 真实;现实(形容词为real); 拓展:face reality(面对现实);in reality(实际上). 例句:Will time travel ever become a reality? 62. fashionable adj.时髦的,流行的(反义词:unfashionable);拓展:fashion(名词);in fashion(流行);out of fashion(过时). 例句:fashionable clothes(时髦的衣服) 63. enough①副词,足够地;充足地;充分地(修饰形容词/副词,置于其后,结构:adj./adv.+enough (+ for sb)+to do sth);②限定词,足够的;充足的;充分的(作定语常放名词前,time enough除外);③代词,足够,充足. 例句:He runs quickly enough. 64. sign sb up for为某人报名...(拓展:sign up for(报名)).例句:She signed her son up for the swimming class. 65. What if...?如果...怎么办？/ 如果...将会怎样？(用于提出假设性问题).例句:What if it rains tomorrow? 66. 感叹句 how引导:How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语！ what引导:a. What+an+形容词+可数名词单数(+主语+谓语)！;b. What+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词(+主语+谓语)！ 67. some...others...一些...另一些...(others不包含“剩余全部”,可能还有未提及部分); 拓展:some...the others...(一些...其余的...,the others强调剩余全部). 例句:In the park, some people are jogging, and others are sitting on benches chatting. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $