第08讲 Unit4 The Wonders of Nature 教材词句语篇重难点解析 八年级下册预习讲义 -2025-2026学年八年级英语寒假作业（人教版）

Unit 4 The Wonders of Nature 教材词句语篇重难点解析 知识清单：单元基础知识归纳、速记，词汇、短语梳理，查漏补缺。 重难点讲解：语篇翻译，词、句重难点知识讲解，能力提升。 成果检测：学以致用，学测结合，全面突破，提升素养。 基础知识清单： 重 点 单 词 一、课标要求重点掌握单词： wonder n. 奇观；惊叹 v. 琢磨；想知道；感到诧异 desert n. 沙漠；荒原 below prep. 在（或到）……下面；少于；低于 adv. 在（或到）下面 level n. 高度；水平；程度 surface n. 表面；表层 depth n. 深（度）；纵深 unusual adj. 特别的；不寻常的 bottom n. 底部；最下部 development n. 发展；壮大 mile n. 英里 pool n. 池塘；水坑 climber n. 攀登者；登山者 northern adj. 北部的；向北的 survive v. 生存；存活；艰难度过 condition n. 状态；境况 degree n. 度；度数；程度 changeable adj. 可能变化的；易变的；常变的 death n. 死亡；毁灭；破灭 above prep. 在（或向）……上面；超过 adv. 在（或向）上面；在（或向）高处；超过 shoulder n. 肩膀；肩部 successfully adv. 成功地；顺利地 risk v. 使……冒风险（或面临危险）n. 危险；风险 curiosity n. 好奇心；求知欲 explorer n. 探险者；勘探者 simply adv. 仅仅；只；简单地 risky adj. 有危险（或风险）的 southern adj. 南部的；向南的 curious adj. 好奇的；求知欲强的 traveller n. 旅行者；游客 natural adj. 自然的；天然的；天生的 coast n. 海岸；海滨 include v. 包含；包括 sand n. 沙子 alive adj. 活着；在世；有活力 二、需了解熟悉的单词： measurement n. 数量；测量 dive v. & n. 潜水；跳水；俯冲 submersible n. 潜水艇 waterfall n. 瀑布 civilization（civilisation） n. 文明 cubic adj. 立方的 distance n. 距离；遥远 cliff n. 悬崖；峭壁 determined adj. 有决心的；坚决的 teammate n. 同队队员；队友 ladder n. 梯子；阶梯；途径 measure v. 测量；量度为 n. 措施；度量单位 ambition n. 追求的目标；野心；雄心 located adj. 位于；坐落在 freshwater adj. 淡水的；淡水中生长的 type n. 类型；种类 attract v. 吸引；招引 reef n. 礁；礁脉 underwater adj. 水下的；用于水下的 adv. 在水下 northeastern adj. 东北的；东北方向的 coral n. 珊瑚；珊瑚虫 structure n. 结构（体）；构造；体系 turtle n. 海龟；龟 lifetime n. 一生；终身 单词变形 1. wonder n. 奇观；惊叹；v. 琢磨；想知道；感到诧异 → wonderful adj. 精彩的；绝妙的 2. measurement n. 数量；测量 → measure v. 测量；n. 措施 3. depth n. 深（度）；纵深 → deep adj. 深的；adv. 深深地 → deepen v. 加深；深化 4. unusual adj. 特别的；不寻常的 → usual adj. 通常的；平常的 → usually adv. 通常；平常 5. development n. 发展；壮大 → develop v. 发展；开发 → developed adj. 发达的；成熟的 → developing adj. 发展中的 6. climber n. 攀登者；登山者 → climb v. 攀登；攀爬 7. northern adj. 北部的；向北的 → north n. 北；北方；adj. 北方的；adv. 向北 8. distance n. 距离；遥远 → distant adj. 遥远的；远处的 9. survive v. 生存；存活；艰难度过 → survival n. 生存；存活 → survivor n. 幸存者；生还者 10. changeable adj. 可能变化的；易变的；常变的 → change v. 改变；变化；n. 变化；改变 11. death n. 死亡；毁灭；破灭 → die v. 死亡；消逝 → dead adj. 死的；无生命的 → deadly adj. 致命的；致死的 12. determined adj. 有决心的；坚决的 → determine v. 决定；确定 13. successfully adv. 成功地；顺利地 → succeed v. 成功；达成 → success n. 成功；成就 → successful adj. 成功的；有成效的 14. risk v. 使……冒风险（或面临危险）；n. 危险；风险 → risky adj. 有风险的；危险的 15. curiosity n. 好奇心；求知欲 → curious adj. 好奇的；求知欲强的 → curiously adv. 好奇地；奇怪地 16. explorer n. 探险者；勘探者 → explore v. 探索；勘探 → exploration n. 探索；勘探 17. simply adv. 仅仅；只；简单地 → simple adj. 简单的；单纯的 18. southern adj. 南部的；向南的 → south n. 南；南方；adj. 南方的；adv. 向南 19. located adj. 位于；坐落在 → locate v. 定位；位于 → location n. 位置；地点 20. attract v. 吸引；招引；引起（反应） → attraction n. 吸引力；景点 → attractive adj. 有吸引力的；迷人的 21. curious adj. 好奇的；求知欲强的 → curiosity n. 好奇心；求知欲 → curiously adv. 好奇地；奇怪地 22. traveller n. 旅行者；游客 → travel v. 旅行；游历；n. 旅行 → traveling adj. 旅行的；移动的 23. natural adj. 自然的；天然的；天生的 → nature n. 自然；天性 → naturally adv. 自然地；天生地 24. include v. 包含；包括 → inclusion n. 包含；加入 → including prep.包括…在内 25. structure n. 结构（体）；构造；体系 → structure v. 构建；组织 重点短语 connect with 联系 natural wonders 自然奇观 square kilometre 平方千米 in size 在尺寸／面积上 below sea level 低于海平面 8848.86 metres deep 8848.86米深 unusual abilities 非凡能力 by the way 顺便提一下 at all costs 不惜一切代价 a magical experience一次神奇的体验 bit by bit 一点一点地；逐渐地 game show 游戏节目 as well as 也；和……一样好 magical experience 神奇的经历 do research 做研究 different types of animals不同种类的动物 make notes做笔记 note down the details记下细节 by all means 尽一切办法 take measwrements 进行测量 risk one's life 冒生命危险 be located on 位于：坐落在 dream of a lifetime 一生的梦想 核心句式 1. 其表面位于海平面以下...米。 Its surface is...metres below sea level. 2. 你的旅行怎么样？ How was your trip? 3. 顺便问一下，你知道它为什么叫黄河吗？ By the way, do you know why it's called the Yellow River? 4. 我们应该想尽一切办法保护它们。 We should protect them by all means. 5. 世界上最大的沙漠是什么？ What is the biggest desert in the world? 6. 海洋最深处在哪里？ Where is the deepest point in the ocean? 7. 珠穆朗玛峰是世界上的伟大奇迹之一，而且它还在不断增高。 Mount Qomolangma is one of the greatest wonders of the world,and it is still growing taller. 8. 在地球最高的地方，你会觉得自已能摸到天空。 On the highest place on earth, you will feel like you are able to touch the sky. 9. 登山者还必须应对稀薄的空气、高耸的悬崖和多变的天气。 Climbers must also deal with thin air, high cliffs, and changeable weather. 10. 在1960年之前，没有人能够从北面登上珠穆朗玛峰的顶峰。 Before 1960, no one was able to reach the top of Qomolangma from the northern side. 11. 登山者们一点一点地爬了起来，并成功通过了第二步。 Bit by bit, the climbers pulled themselves up, and they made it past the Second Step. 12. 1975年，另一个中国团队登上珠穆朗玛峰进行研究。 In 1975, another Chinese team climbed to the top of Qomolangma to do research. 13. 为什么人们仍然冒着生命危险去攀登世界上最高的山峰？ Why do people still risk their lives to climb the highest mountain in the world？ 14. 长江是中国最长的河流，全长约6300公里。 The Yangtze River travels the farthest in China and is about 6,300 kilometres long. 15. 如果你潜得更深，你甚至可能会看到大鱼、海龟和鲨鱼。 If you dive deeper,you might even see large fish,turtles,and sharks. 16. 大堡礁位于澳大利亚东北海岸，是最令人惊叹的旅游景点之一。 Located on the northeastern coast of Australia, the Great Barrier Reef is one of the most amazing places to visit. 17. 对于热爱海洋的人来说，参观大堡礁是一生的梦想！ For people who love the ocean, visiting the Great Barrier Reef is the dream of a lifetime! Section A 词句语篇重点知识解析： 一、Section A部分语篇翻译： 语篇Section A 3a Yaming: Welcome back, Ella! How was your trip? Ella: It was great! We saw the Hukou Waterfall on the Yellow River. Is that the longest river in China? Yaming: No, the Yangtze River is the longest river in China. It travels the farthest and is about 6,300 kilometres long. The Yellow River is 5,464 kilometres long and is the second longest. By the way, do you know why it's called the Yellow River? Ella: Because it's yellow? Yaming: Right. Some parts of the river carry brown and yellow earth. Ella: That's interesting! I like learning about rivers. My favourite is the Nile. Did you know it's the longest river in Africa? Yaming: Yes, it's 6,671 kilometres long. It's very important in Egypt's history. Ella: That's right. Both the Nile and the Yellow River helped ancient civilizations to develop. And they're still very important today. Yaming: Yes. In China, we even call the Yellow River our "mother river"! Ella: We should protect them by all means. 亚明：欢迎回来，埃拉！你的旅行怎么样？ 埃拉：很棒！我们看到了黄河上的壶口瀑布。那是中国最长的河流吗？ 亚明：不是，长江是中国最长的河流。它流程最远，大约有6300公里长。黄河 长5464公里，是第二长的河流。顺便问一下，你知道它为什么叫黄河吗？埃拉：因为它是黄色的？ 亚明：对。河流的一些河段携带棕色和黄色的泥土。 埃拉：真有趣！我喜欢了解河流。我最喜欢的是尼罗河。你知道它是非洲最长的河 流吗？ 亚明：知道，它有6671公里长。它在埃及历史上非常重要。 埃拉：对的。尼罗河和黄河都帮助了古代文明的发展。而且它们在今天仍然非常重 要。 亚明：是的。在中国，我们甚至把黄河称为我们的“母亲河”！ 埃拉：我们应该想 尽一切办法保护它们。 二、Section A部分教材词句重难点解析： 1、The Wonders of Nature 大自然的奇观 I wonder what the largest shark in the deep sea is.我想知道深海中最大的鲨鱼是什么。 （1）wonder wonder 作名词，意为 “奇观；惊叹”，表示具体的某种“奇观”作可数名词，表抽象含义的“惊叹”是不可数；作动词，意为 “琢磨；想知道；感到诧异”，后常接宾语从句。 例：The Great Wall is one of the great wonders of the world.（长城是世界上伟大的奇观之一。）I wonder how he got here so quickly.（我琢磨着他怎么这么快就到这儿了。） 【短语、搭配】no wonder 难怪 in wonder 惊奇地 wonder at sth. 对某事感到诧异 例：No wonder you are tired, you walked so far.（难怪你累了，你走了这么远的路。） We looked at the beautiful view in wonder.（我们惊奇地看着这美丽的景色。） I wonder at his strange behavior.（我对他奇怪的行为感到诧异。） 2、Its surface is ... metres below sea level.（它的表面在海平面以下……米。） （1）below below 作介词，意为 “在（或到）…… 下面；少于；低于”；作副词，意为 “在（或到）下面”，单独使用。 例：The river below the bridge is very wide.（桥下面的河很宽。） The temperature is below zero today.（今天的气温在零度以下。） Please write your name on the line below.（请把你的名字写在下面的横线上。） 【混词辨析】below 与 under below 侧重指位置在下方，不强调垂直关系，也可表示数量、程度等的 “低于”；under 侧重指垂直方向的 “在…… 正下方”，还可表示 “在…… 管辖下”。 例：The sun sank below the horizon.（太阳落到了地平线以下。） A cat is sitting under the table.（一只猫坐在桌子正下方。） （2）level level 作名词，意为 “高度；水平；程度”，为可数名词。 例：The water level of the lake rises in summer.（这个湖的水位在夏天会上升。） His English level is very high.（他的英语水平很高。） 【短语、搭配】at the same level 在同一水平；同一层次 a high/low level of ... …… 的高 / 低水平 例：These two boys are at the same level in study.（这两个男孩的学习水平相当。） We need a high level of care for the sick.（我们需要对病人给予高度的照顾。） 3、OCEAN DEPTHS（海洋深度） （1）depth depth 作名词，意为 “深（度）；纵深”，为不可数名词。 例：The depth of the river is about 2 meters.（这条河的深度大约 2 米。） The lake has a depth of 100 meters.（这个湖有 100 米深。） 【词性变换】deep adj. 深的 deeply adv. 深深地 【短语、搭配】in depth 深入地；全面地 the depth of ... …… 的深度 例：We need to study this problem in depth.（我们需要深入研究这个问题。） No one knows the depth of the ocean here.（没人知道这里海洋的深度。） 4、Some animals have unusual abilities.（有些动物有不寻常的能力。） （1）unusual unusual 作形容词，意为 “特别的；不寻常的”。 例：It is unusual to see snow in this city in summer.（夏天在这座城市看到雪是很不寻常的。）She has an unusual hobby of collecting stones.（她有一个收集石头的特别爱好。） 【构词法和词性变换】unusual 是由 “un (前缀) + usual (adj. 通常的)” 构成。 usual adj. 通常的 usually adv. 通常 unusually adv. 不寻常地 5、What is the bottom of the deep sea like?（深海底部是什么样的？） （1）bottom bottom 作名词，意为 “底部；最下部”，为可数名词。 例：There is a stone at the bottom of the bottle.（瓶子底部有一块石头。） She sat at the bottom of the stairs.（她坐在楼梯的最下端。） 【常见短语、固定搭配】at the bottom of ... 在…… 的底部 例：I found a key at the bottom of the box.（我在盒子底部找到了一把钥匙。） 6、Both the Nile and the Yellow River helped in the development of ancient civilizations .（尼罗河和黄河都促进了古代文明的发展。） （1）development development 作名词，意为 “发展；壮大”，为不可数名词。 例：The development of the city is very fast in recent years.（这座城市近年来的发展很快。）We pay much attention to the development of education.（我们十分重视教育的发展。） 【词性变换】develop v. 发展；开发 developing adj. 发展中的 developed adj. 发达的 【短语搭配】the development of ... …… 的发展 economic development 经济发展 例：The development of science changes our life.（科学的发展改变了我们的生活。） The country’s economic development is getting better.（这个国家的经济发展越来越好。） Section B 词句语篇重点知识解析： 一、Section B部分语篇翻译： Section A, 1b Reaching New Heights To most people, Mount Qomolangma is one of the greatest wonders of the world. On the highest place on earth, you will feel like you are able to touch the sky. But only the best climbers reach the top, and that is only if they survive the terrible conditions first. On the mountain, temperatures can fall to - 30 degrees. Climbers must also deal with thin air, high cliffs, and changeable weather. Before 1960, no one was able to reach the top of Qomolangma from the northern side. Mountain climbers even called that way the "Death Road", but a Chinese climbing team was determined to make the climb. On 24 May 1960, climbers Liu Lianman, Wang Fuzhou, Qu Yinhua, and Gong Bu arrived at the Second Step. It was 8,600 metres above sea level. People said it was so high that even birds could not reach it. Liu allowed his teammates to step on his shoulders. Bit by bit, the climbers pulled themselves up, and they made it past the Second Step. At 4:20 a.m. on 25 May, the Chinese national flag flew above the world's highest mountain for the first time. In 1975, another Chinese team climbed to the top of Qomolangma to do research. This time, they brought a ladder to the Second Step. Until 2007, almost all climbers from the northern side used this "Chinese Ladder" to reach the top much faster. In 2020, a third team returned to Qomolangma to measure its height—8,848.86 metres. Climbing Qomolangma is dangerous. Some climbers reach the top successfully, but many fail. Why do people still risk their lives to climb the highest mountain in the world? It is because human curiosity and ambition cannot be stopped. Or, as the English explorer George Mallory put it, it is simply "because it's there"! 达到新高度 对大多数人来说，珠穆朗玛峰是世界上最伟大的奇迹之一。在地球上最高的地方，你会感觉自己仿佛能够触摸到天空。但只有最优秀的登山者才能到达顶峰，而且只有他们首先挺过恶劣的环境才行。在这座山上，气温能降到零下30度。登山者还必须应对稀薄的空气、高耸的悬崖和多变的天气。 1960年以前，没有人能从北侧登上珠穆朗玛峰的顶峰。登山者甚至把那条路称为“死亡之路”，但一支中国登山队决心进行这次攀登。 1960年5月24日，登山队员刘连满、王富洲、屈银华和贡布到达了“第二台 阶”。它海拔8600米。人们说它太高了，连鸟都飞不上去。刘连满让队友们踩在他的肩膀上。登山队员们一点一点地往上爬，成功通过了“第二台阶”。5月25日凌晨4点20分，中国国旗第一次在世界最高峰上空飘扬。 1975年，另一支中国登山队登上珠穆朗玛峰顶峰进行考察。这一次，他们带了一架梯子到“第二台阶”。直到2007年，几乎所有从北侧攀登的登山者都使用这架“中国梯”，以便更快地到达顶峰。2020年，第三支队伍重返珠穆朗玛峰，测量它的高度——8848.86米。 攀登珠穆朗玛峰是危险的。一些登山者成功登顶，但许多人失败了。为什么人们仍然冒着生命危险去攀登世界最高峰呢？这是因为人类的好奇心和雄心壮志无法被阻挡。或者，正如英国探险家乔治・马洛里所说，仅仅是“因为它在那里”！ Section B, 3a The Great Barrier Reef: An Amazing Underwater World Do you love the ocean? Do you want to visit one of the natural wonders of the world? If so, visit the Great Barrier Reef! Located on the northeastern coast of Australia, the Great Barrier Reef is one of the most amazing places to visit. It is the biggest coral reef in the world. It takes up an area of 345,000 square kilometres and includes over 900 islands and white sand beaches. The Great Barrier Reef is also alive! If you visit it, you will see the largest living structure on earth. Here, you can swim, dive, or snorkel in the clear water and see coral, plants, and schools of colourful fish. If you dive deeper, you might even see large fish, turtles, and sharks. For people who love the ocean, visiting the Great Barrier Reef is the dream of a lifetime! 大堡礁：一个神奇的水下世界 你喜欢海洋吗？你想参观世界自然奇观之一吗？如果想的话，就去大堡礁吧！ 大堡礁位于澳大利亚东北海岸，是最值得参观的神奇地方之一。它是世界上最大的珊瑚礁。它占地面积达 34.5 万平方公里，包括 900 多个岛屿和白色沙滩。 大堡礁也是充满生机的！如果你去参观，你会看到地球上最大的生物结构体。在这里，你可以在清澈的水中游泳、潜水或浮潜，观赏珊瑚、植物和成群的彩色鱼类。如果你潜得更深，你甚至可能看到大型鱼类、海龟和鲨鱼。对于热爱海洋的人来说，参观大堡礁是一生的梦想！ 二、Section B部分教材词句重难点解析： 7、But only the best climbers reach the top,and that is only if they survive the terrible conditions first.（但只有最优秀的登山者才能登顶，而这前提是他们首先要挺过恶劣的环境。） （1）survive survive 作动词，意为 “生存；存活；艰难度过”，为及物或不及物动词。 例：Few plants can survive in the desert.（很少有植物能在沙漠里存活。） He survived the big fire last year.（他从去年的大火中幸存了下来。） 【性变换】survival n. 生存；幸存 survivor n. 幸存者 【短语、搭配】survive on sth. 依靠某物生存 survive from ... 从…… 中幸存 例：The animals survive on grass in the grassland.（草原上的动物依靠草生存。） Only a few people survived from the accident.（只有几个人从这场事故中幸存。） （2）condition condition 作名词，意为 “状态；境况”，作 “状态” 讲时为不可数名词，作 “境况；条件” 讲时为可数名词。 例：The car is in good condition.（这辆车状态良好。） His living conditions are getting better and better.（他的生活境况越来越好了。） 【短语、搭配】in good/bad condition 状态良好 / 糟糕 living conditions 生活条件 on the condition that+从句 条件是 例：The old house is still in good condition.（这栋老房子依然状态良好。） We need to improve the working conditions of the workers.（我们需要改善工人们的工作条件。）I’ll help you on the condition that you finish your homework first.（我会帮你，条件是你先完成作业。） 8、On the mountain, temperatures can fall to -30 degrees. （山上气温可降至零下30度。） （1）degree degree 作名词，意为 “度；度数；程度”，为可数名词。 例：The temperature is thirty degrees today.（今天的气温是三十度。） I agree with you to a certain degree.（我在一定程度上同意你的看法。） 【常见短语、固定搭配】 a degree of ... 一定程度的…… 例：There is a degree of difficulty in this problem.（这道题有一定的难度。） 9、Climbers must also deal with thin air, high cliffs, and changeable weather.（登山者还必须应对稀薄的空气、高耸的悬崖和变化无常的天气。） （1）changeable changeable 作形容词，意为 “可能变化的；易变的；常变的”。 例：The weather in spring is very changeable.（春天的天气变化无常。） Her mood is quite changeable today.（她今天的心情很易变。） 【词性变换】change v. & n. 改变；变化 【短语、搭配】changeable weather 多变的天气 a changeable person 情绪多变的人 例：We need to take an umbrella because of the changeable weather.（因为天气多变，我们需要带把伞。） He is a changeable person and no one can understand him.（他是个情绪多变的人，没人能理解他。） 10、Mountain climbers even called that way the“Death Road”,but a Chinese climbing team was determined to make the climb.（登山者甚至称这条路为“死亡之路”，但一支中国登山队决心要攀登这条路。） （1）death death 作名词，意为 “死亡；毁灭；破灭”，为不可数名词。 例：Smoking is bad for your health and may even lead to death.（吸烟有害健康，甚至可能导致死亡。） His father’s death made him very sad.（他父亲的离世让他非常伤心。） 【词性变换】die v. 死；死亡 dead adj. 死的；无生命的 【短语、搭配】the death of ... …… 的死亡；…… 的破灭 例：The death of the tree is because of the lack of water.（这棵树的枯死是因为缺水。） （2）determined determined 作形容词，意为 “有决心的；坚决的”。 例：She is determined to learn English well.（她下定决心要把英语学好。） He has a determined look on his face.（他脸上带着坚定的神情。） 【词性变换】determine v. 决定；下决心 determination n. 决心；坚定 【短语、搭配】be determined to do sth. 下定决心做某事 例：He is determined to win the game.（他下定决心要赢得这场比赛。） 11、It was 8,600 metres above sea level.（它的海拔高度为8600米。） （1）above above 作介词，意为 “在（或向）…… 上面；超过”；作副词，意为 “在（或向）上面；在（或向）高处；超过”。 例：The bird is flying above the tree.（小鸟在树的上方飞。） The temperature is above 20 degrees today.（今天的气温超过 20 度。） The sun rose above in the sky.（太阳升到了天空的高处。） 【易混词辨析】above 与 over above 侧重指位置在上方，不强调垂直覆盖，也可表数量、程度的 “超过”；over 侧重指垂直方向的 “在…… 正上方”。 例：There is a light above the desk.（桌子上方有一盏灯。） There is a bridge over the river.（河上有一座桥。） 12、Bit by bit, the climbers pulled themselves up, and they made it past the Second Step.（登山者们一点一点地往上爬，终于越过了第二步。） （1）bit by bit bit by bit 意为 “一点一点地；逐渐地”，为副词性短语，在句中作状语，可置于句首、句中或句末。 例：Bit by bit, he learned how to play the piano.（他一点一点地学会了弹钢琴。） The snow melted bit by bit in the sun.（雪在阳光下逐渐融化了。） 【易混短语辨析】bit by bit 与 little by little 二者均表示 “逐渐地；一点一点地”，含义基本相同，可互换使用；bit by bit 更侧重 “分步、一点点完成”，little by little 更侧重 “缓慢的变化过程”。 例：Little by little, the child began to speak.（孩子慢慢开始说话了。） He finished the puzzle bit by bit.（他一点一点地拼好了拼图。） 13、Some climbers reach the top successfully, but many fail.（有些登山者成功登顶，但也有许多登山者失败。） （1）successfully successfully 作副词，意为 “成功地；顺利地”，用来修饰动词，位于动词前后均可。 例：He finished the task successfully.（他成功完成了这项任务。） We successfully crossed the river by boat.（我们乘船顺利渡过了河。） 【词性变换】success n. 成功 successful adj. 成功的 succeed v. 成功 14、Why do people still risk their lives to climb the highest mountain in the world?（为什么人们仍然冒着生命危险去攀登世界最高峰？） （1）risk risk 作动词，意为 “使…… 冒风险（或面临危险）”；作名词，意为 “危险；风险”，为可数或不可数名词。 例：He risked his life to save the little girl.（他冒着生命危险救了那个小女孩。） There is a big risk in this business.（这笔生意有很大的风险。） 【词性变换】risky adj. 有危险（或风险）的 【短语、搭配】take a risk 冒险 risk doing sth. 冒险做某事at the risk of 冒着…… 的风险 例：He is brave enough to take a risk.（他足够勇敢，敢于冒险。） They risked losing their jobs to speak out.（他们冒着失去工作的风险直言不讳。） 15、It is because human curiosity and ambition cannot be stopped.（这是因为人类的好奇心和野心是无法阻止的。） （1）curiosity curiosity 作名词，意为 “好奇心；求知欲”，为不可数名词。 例：The child’s curiosity made him ask many questions.（孩子的好奇心让他问了很多问题。）He has a strong curiosity about the outer space.（他对太空有强烈的求知欲。） 【词性变换】curious adj. 好奇的 【短语、搭配】out of curiosity 出于好奇心 例：I opened the box out of curiosity.（我出于好奇心打开了盒子。） （2）ambition ambition 作名词，意为 “追求的目标；野心；雄心”，为可数或不可数名词，表 “目标” 时为可数，表 “雄心 / 野心” 时为不可数。 例：His ambition is to be a scientist.（他的目标是成为一名科学家。） He is a man full of ambition.（他是一个充满雄心的人。） 【词性变换】ambitious adj. 有雄心的；有野心的 【短语、搭配】achieve one’s ambition 实现某人的目标 例：He worked hard to achieve his ambition.（他努力工作以实现自己的目标。） 16、Or, as the English explorer George Mallory put it, it is simply “because it's there"!（或者，正如英国探险家乔治·马洛里所说，仅仅是因为“它就在那里”！） （1）explorer explorer 作名词，意为 “探险者；勘探者”。 例：The explorer went to the Amazon forest to explore new plants.（这位探险者去亚马逊森林勘探新的植物。） Many brave explorers traveled to the North Pole in the past.（过去很多勇敢的探险者前往北极。） 【词性变换】explore v. 探索；勘探 explorer n. 探险者；勘探者 exploration n. 探索；勘探 （2）simply simply 作副词，意为 “仅仅；只；简单地”，可修饰动词、形容词或句子。 例：I simply want to say thank you.（我只是想说声谢谢。） You can simply finish the work in ten minutes.（你可以轻松地在十分钟内完成这项工作。） 【构词法和词性变换】simple adj. 简单的；单纯的 17、Today, the lake still attracts many curious travellers.（今天，这个湖仍然吸引着许多好奇的旅行者。） （1）attract attract 作动词，意为 “吸引；招引”，为及物动词。 例：The beautiful scenery attracts many tourists every year.（美丽的风景每年吸引很多游客。）Her smile attracted everyone’s attention.（她的微笑引起了所有人的注意。） 【词性变换】attract v. 吸引 attraction n. 吸引力；景点 attractive adj. 有吸引力的 【短语、搭配】attract sb.’s attention 吸引某人的注意力 attract sb. to sp. 吸引某人到某地 例：The interesting game attracted the children’s attention.（有趣的游戏吸引了孩子们的注意力。）The warm weather attracts many people to the seaside.（温暖的天气吸引很多人去海边。） （2）curious curious 作形容词，意为 “好奇的；求知欲强的”。 例：The curious child always asks many questions.（这个好奇的孩子总是问很多问题。） I’m curious about his new job.（我对他的新工作很好奇。） 【词性变换】curiosity n. 好奇心；求知欲 curiously adv. 好奇地 【短语、搭配】be curious about sth. 对某事感到好奇be curious to do sth. 好奇地想做某事 例：He is curious about everything around him.（他对身边的一切都感到好奇。） I’m curious to know what happened.（我好奇地想知道发生了什么事。） 18、After all, it is a great natural wonder.（毕竟，它是一个伟大的自然奇观。） （1）natural natural 作形容词，意为 “自然的；天然的；天生的”。 例：This kind of food is made of natural materials.（这种食物由天然原料制成。） She has a natural gift for music.（她有天生的音乐天赋。） 【词性变换】nature n. 自然；天性 naturally adv. 自然地 【短语、搭配】natural scenery 自然风光natural ability 天生的能力 例：We enjoyed the beautiful natural scenery in the mountain.（我们欣赏了山里美丽的自然风光。）He has a natural ability to learn languages.（他有天生的语言学习能力。） 19、It takes up an area of 345,000 square kilometres and includes many islands and white sand beaches.（它占地345,000平方公里，包括许多岛屿和白沙滩。） （1）include include 作动词，意为 “包含；包括”，为及物动词，指整体中包含部分。 例：The price of the ticket includes breakfast and dinner.（票价包含早餐和晚餐。） The team includes ten students from our class.（这个团队包括我们班的十个学生。） 【词性变换】include v. 包含；包括 including prep. 包括 inclusion n. 包含；入选 （2）sand sand 作名词，意为 “沙子”，为不可数名词，表 “沙滩；沙地” 时常用复数形式 sands。 例：There is some sand in my shoes.（我的鞋子里有一些沙子。） We walked on the soft sands by the sea.（我们在海边柔软的沙滩上散步。） 【短语、搭配】sand beach 沙滩 in the sand 在沙子里 例：The children are playing on the sand beach.（孩子们在沙滩上玩耍。） He wrote his name in the sand.（他把名字写在了沙子里。） 20、The Great Barrier Reef is also alive!（大堡礁也充满生机！） （1）alive alive 作形容词，意为 “活着；在世；有活力”，常作表语、后置定语或宾语补足语，不能作前置定语。 例：The old man is still alive at the age of 95.（这位老人 95 岁了还在世。） We saw a fish alive in the river.（我们在河里看到了一条活鱼。） The news kept him alive with hope.（这个消息让他充满希望，精神振奋。） 【易混词辨析】alive 与 living alive 侧重指 “活着的”，表状态，常作表语、后置定语；living 侧重指 “活的；现存的”，可作前置定语、表语，范围更广。 例：Who is the greatest writer alive?（谁是现存最伟大的作家？） There are many living plants in the forest.（森林里有很多活的植物。） 一、单项选择 1．What a brave teenager he was! He risked his life ________ a little girl in the middle of the road. A．save B．saving C．to save D．saved 【答案】C 【详解】句意：他真是个勇敢的少年！他冒着生命危险去救马路中间的小女孩。 考查非谓语动词。risk doing sth. 意为“冒险做某事”，但此处空格前已有“risked his life”，其后应接不定式表目的，即“risk one’s life to do sth.”表示“冒着生命危险去做某事”。故选C。 2．From the top of the mountains,the houses ________ looked like small boxes. A．below B．under C．above D．over 【答案】A 【详解】句意：从山顶上看，下面的房子看起来像小盒子。 考查方位介词辨析。below在下方；under在……下面；above在上方；over在……上方。根据“From the top of the mountains”可知，说话者位于山顶，房子在山下，且空格后无宾语，需用方位介词“below”表示“在下方”，此处“below”作后置定语修饰前面的“the houses”，表示“在下面的房子”，符合语境。故选A。 3．Joe, you should give up playing computer games. It’s ________ a waste of time. A．luckily B．hardly C．freshly D．simply 【答案】D 【详解】句意：乔，你应该放弃玩电脑游戏。这简直是浪费时间。 考查副词辨析。luckily幸运地；hardly几乎不；freshly新鲜地；simply仅仅，简直。根据前文“你应该放弃玩电脑游戏”可知，后句强调“纯粹是/简直是浪费时间”，simply在此处加强语气，符合语境。故选D。 4．Many plants can’t ________ in very dry places except cacti (仙人掌). A．survive B．aid C．sleep D．manage 【答案】A 【详解】句意：除了仙人掌，许多植物在非常干燥的地方无法生存。 考查动词辨析。survive生存；aid帮助；sleep睡觉；manage管理。根据“in very dry places”可知，在非常干燥的地方，许多植物难以存活，而仙人掌是例外。故选A。 5．My grandmother’s after-dinner routine ________ walking the dog and dancing in the park. A．describes B．avoids C．continues D．includes 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我祖母的饭后日常包括遛狗和在公园里跳舞。 考查动词辨析。describes描述；avoids避免；continues继续；includes包括。根据“walking the dog and dancing in the park”可知，遛狗和跳舞是饭后日常的组成部分，应选表示“包括”的动词。故选D。 6．—Why do many young people return to build their hometowns now? —Because local ________ creates more jobs and a better life. A．environment B．development C．condition D．attention 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——为什么现在很多年轻人回到家乡建设？——因为当地的发展创造了更多的工作和更好的生活。 考查名词辨析。environment环境；development发展；condition条件；attention关注。根据“creates more jobs and a better life”可知，能创造就业和改善生活的是“发展”。故选B。 7．Zheng He was a(n) ________ in the Ming Dynasty. We Chinese people are proud of him. A．scientist B．explorer C．artist D．teacher 【答案】B 【详解】句意：郑和是明朝的一位探险家。我们中国人都为他感到骄傲。 考查名词辨析。scientist科学家；explorer探险家；artist艺术家；teacher教师。根据历史常识可知，郑和是明代著名的航海家，曾七次下西洋，因此他是一位“探险家”。故选B。 8．The beautiful scenery in the park ________ a lot of visitors every year. A．attends B．allows C．attracts D．accepts 【答案】C 【详解】句意：公园里美丽的风景每年吸引很多游客。 考查动词辨析。attends参加；allows允许；attracts吸引；accepts接受。根据主语“美丽的风景”与宾语“很多游客”之间的逻辑关系，风景应该是“吸引”游客。故选C。 9．—Mum,I find it hard to finish reading this long novel in a week. —Take it easy. You can read it _________. A．at once B．bit by bit C．in total D．on time 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——妈妈，我觉得一周内读完这本长篇小说很难。——别担心，你可以一点一点地读。 考查短语辨析。at once立刻；bit by bit一点一点地；in total总共；on time准时。根据前句“一周内读完这本长篇小说很难”，妈妈安慰说“别担心，你可以……读”，可知应建议“一点一点地读”，符合语境。故选B。 10．—What do you think of Frank? —He is a(n) _________ boy and he shows great interest in anything new. A．curious B．honest C．emotional D．creative 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你觉得弗兰克怎么样？——他是一个好奇的男孩，他对任何新事物都表现出极大的兴趣。 考查形容词辨析。curious好奇的；honest诚实的；emotional情绪化的；creative有创造力的。根据后半句“he shows great interest in anything new”可知，他对任何新事物都表现出极大的兴趣，说明他是一个充满“好奇心的”男孩。故选A。 11．It’s reported that the documentary will be covered ________. It brings dinosaurs ________ on screen. A．alive; live B．live; alive C．lively; alive 【答案】B 【详解】句意：据报道，这部纪录片将进行现场直播。它让恐龙在屏幕上活灵活现。 考查形容词辨析。alive活着的；live现场直播地；lively生动的。由“the documentary will be covered”可知，第一空修饰“the documentary”，表示“现场直播”，应用live；由“It brings dinosaurs”可知，第二空表示“使恐龙活生生地呈现”，应用alive。故选B。 12．We should do our best ________ natural wonders from being destroyed. A．protect B．to protect C．protecting 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们应该尽最大努力保护自然奇观免遭破坏。 考查非谓语动词。protect保护，动词原形；to protect保护，不定式；protecting保护，动名词。短语“do one’s best”后接不定式作目的状语，构成“do one’s best to do sth.”。故选B。 13．We should ________ nature and learn its secrets instead of destroying it. A．be curious about B．be afraid of C．be angry with D．be sorry for 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们应该对大自然感到好奇并了解它的秘密，而不是破坏它。 考查短语辨析。be curious about对……感到好奇；be afraid of害怕……；be angry with生……的气；be sorry for为……感到难过。根据“learn its secrets instead of destroying it”可知，了解大自然的秘密而不是破坏它，所以应该是对大自然感到好奇，应该用be curious about。故选A。 14．—What’s the ________ of the Mariana Trench? —It’s about 11,034 meters, the deepest point on Earth. A．width B．height C．depth D．length 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——马里亚纳海沟的深度是多少？——大约是11034米，是地球上的最深点。 考查名词辨析及地理常识。width宽度；height高度；depth深度；length长度。根据答语“the deepest point on Earth”，可知询问的是“深度”。故选C。 15．—The town experienced ________ weather last month, with snow in summer. —Very strange. A．simple B．common C．similar D．unusual 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——上个月这个城镇经历了不寻常的天气，夏天下雪了。——非常奇怪。 考查形容词辨析。simple简单的；common常见的；similar相似的；unusual不寻常的。根据“with snow in summer”可知，夏天下雪是不寻常的天气，所以此处应该用unusual。故选D。 二、单词拼写 16．Children like to play with s on the beach in summer. 【答案】sand/and 【详解】句意：夏天孩子们喜欢在海滩上玩沙子。 结合首字母“s”和“海滩”的场景，此处应填名词sand“沙子”，故填sand。 17．The temperature will stay a zero tomorrow, so it won’t be very cold. 【答案】above/bove 【详解】句意：明天温度将保持在零度以上，所以不会很冷。根据首字母提示和“so it won’t be very cold”可知，此处表示温度在零度之上。介词above“在……以上”符合语境。故填above。 18．The doctor said that the patient was in good c after the operation and would recover soon. 【答案】condition/ondition 【详解】句意：医生说，患者手术后状况良好，很快就会康复。根据“would recover soon”和首字母可知，很快就会康复说明健康状况良好。in good condition是固定搭配，表示“(身体、物品等) 状况良好”。故填condition。 19．The Sahara Desert has very harsh living c . 【答案】conditions/onditions 【详解】句意：撒哈拉沙漠有着非常恶劣的生存条件。根据“The Sahara Desert has very harsh living”的语境和常识以及首字母提示可知，此处指非常恶劣的生存条件，condition“条件”，是可数名词，此处表示泛指，故用其复数形式conditions。故填conditions。 20．The d of the Mariana Trench is over 11,000 meters. 【答案】depth/epth 【详解】句意：马里亚纳海沟的深度超过11,000米。根据“the Mariana Trench is over 11,000 meters”及首字母“d”，此处表示马里亚纳海沟的深度。名词depth“深度”，符合语境。故填depth。 21．Humans can’t (生存) without food, water or oxygen. 【答案】survive 【详解】句意：没有食物、水和氧气，人类无法生存。根据“Humans can’t … without food, water or oxygen.”可知，横线处需填动词原形，与情态动词“can’t”一起构成谓语，“生存”的英文单词是“survive”，动词。故填survive。 22．Our weekend plan (包括) a trip to the park and a movie night at home. 【答案】includes 【详解】句意：我们的周末计划包括去公园和在家看电影。根据提示可知，“包括”对应的英文单词是include。由于主语Our weekend plan是第三人称单数形式，且句子描述的是客观事实，时态为一般现在时，因此谓语动词需要使用第三人称单数形式includes。故填includes。 23．The south of France lies on the (海岸), and it is famous for its wonderful beaches. 【答案】coast 【详解】句意：法国南部位于海岸线上，以其美丽的海滩而闻名。根据题意和汉语提示可知，coast意为“海岸”，名词，on the coast在海岸线上，固定短语。故填coast。 24．Make sure that the (表面) is clean and dry before you start to paint. 【答案】surface 【详解】句意：在你开始刷漆之前，确保表面是干净且干燥的。根据中文提示，“表面”对应的英文单词是surface。句中be动词is为单数形式，因此使用名词单数形式surface，故填surface。 25．The Grand Canyon is one of the natural (奇观) of the world. 【答案】wonders 【详解】句意：大峡谷是世界自然奇观之一。wonder“奇观”，one of后跟名词复数形式，表示“……之一”。故填wonders。 26．Many animals can still (survival) in this cold lake. 【答案】survive 【详解】句意：许多动物仍能在这个寒冷的湖里生存。根据“can still…”可知，横线处需填动词原形，与情态动词can一起构成谓语，survival“生存”，名词，其动词形式为survive。故填survive。 27．Shanghai Disney Resort is one of the most famous (attraction) that children want to visit. 【答案】attractions 【详解】句意：上海迪士尼度假区是孩子们想参观的最著名的景点之一。attraction“景点”，可数名词；one of the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数“最……的……之一”，固定搭配，此处应用attractions。故填attractions。 28．It’s (health) to eat too much fried food. 【答案】unhealthy 【详解】句意：吃太多油炸食品是‌不健康的‌。该句使用了“It is + 形容词 + to do sth.”的经典句型，其中It‌ 是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式“to eat too much fried food‌”‌。is‌ 为系动词，后需接‌形容词‌作表语， ‌health‌为名词，意为“健康”，其形容词形式 healthy‌，其反义词为unhealthy‌。按常理“吃太多油炸食品是‌不健康的‌”。故填unhealthy。 29．Climbers must deal with thin air, high cliffs and (change) weather. 【答案】changeable 【详解】句意：登山者必须应对稀薄的空气、高耸的悬崖和变化无常的天气。根据“weather”可知，横线处需填形容词来修饰名词。change“变化”，动词，其形容词形式为changeable，表示“变化无常的”。故填changeable。 30．We should protect them by all (mean). 【答案】means 【详解】句意：我们应该用尽一切方法保护它们。mean“意思是”，动词；此处表示“方法”，需用名词形式means，且单复数同形。by all means“用尽一切方法”，介词短语作状语。故填means。 31．We don’t know whether he’s (live) or dead. 【答案】alive 【详解】句意：我们不知道他是活着还是去世了。 此处需要形容词与“dead（去世的）”对应，“live”的形容词形式“alive”表示“活着的”，符合语境，故填alive。 32．We are surprised at the great (wonder) of the Grand Canyon. 【答案】wonders 【详解】句意：我们对科罗拉多大峡谷的伟大奇观感到惊讶。根据“We are surprised at the great…of the Grand Canyon.”可知，这里需要一个名词作介词at的宾语，wonder意为“奇观”，是可数名词，结合语境可知大峡谷的奇观不止一处，应用复数形式wonders。故填wonders。 33．The scientists (success) launched the satellite into space last week. 【答案】successfully 【详解】句意：科学家们上周成功地把卫星发射到了太空。success“成功”，名词；此处修饰动词launched需要用副词，success的副词形式是successfully。故填successfully。 34．He (simple) couldn’t believe his eyes when he saw the beautiful scenery. 【答案】simply 【详解】句意：当他看到这美丽的景色时，简直不敢相信自己的眼睛。句中“couldn’t believe”是动词短语，需要用副词来修饰，“simple”是形容词，其副词形式为“simply”，意为“简直”，符合语境。故填simply。 35．This kind of fish is (usual) because it can live in extremely cold water. 【答案】unusual 【详解】句意：这种鱼很不寻常，因为它能生活在极冷的水中。形容词 usual“寻常的”，根据“because it can live in extremely cold water”可知，此处表示“不寻常的”，应用其反义词 unusual。故填unusual。   三、完成句子 36．她一点一点地存钱，想买她最喜欢的书。 She saved money to buy her favourite book. 【答案】 bit by bit 【详解】对比中英文可知，空格处缺少“一点一点地”，对应的英文固定短语是bit by bit，在句中作方式状语，用来修饰动词saved。故填bit by bit。 37．他们决心在晚饭前完成家庭作业。 They finish their homework before dinner. 【答案】 are determined to 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“决心做某事”，be determined to do sth. “决心做某事”，主语为They，be动词用are，故填are；determined；to。 38．我对我们镇上的新图书馆很好奇，想去看看。 I am the new library in our town and want to visit it. 【答案】 curious about 【详解】curious表示“好奇的”，形容词作表语，形容词短语be curious about表示“对……好奇”。故填curious；about。 39．吃新鲜的鱼对我们有好处。 Eating fresh fish us. 【答案】 is good for 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“对……有好处”。be good for sb. 对某人有好处，由于主语“Eating fresh fish”是单数，be动词用is。故填is；good；for。 40．澳大利亚是一个幅员辽阔的国家，面积约768.82万平方公里。 Australia is a vast country with an area of about 7.6882 million . 【答案】 square kilometres 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，空处缺少“平方公里”，square kilometre“平方公里”，“7.6882 million”后跟名词复数形式。故填square；kilometres。 41．消防员常常冒着生命危险从着火的建筑物中救人。 Firefighters often to save people from burning buildings. 【答案】 risk their lives 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“冒着生命危险”，从句意可知，是一个短语的结构，“risk”表达“冒险”，此处应为“Firefighters的生命”，所以“Firefighters”用“their”表达，“生命”的英文为“life”，因为此句的主语是“Firefighters”，复数，所以“life”需用复数“lives”。这里的“生命危险”表达为“their lives”，整体的短语结构是“risk their lives”。故填risk；their；lives。 42．在野外，动物们必须找到食物和水才能存活。 In the wild, animals have to find food and water to . 【答案】 stay/keep alive 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，空白处缺少“存活”的英文表达，stay alive/keep alive为固定短语，意为“存活”，“to”后接动词原形，需用stay/keep。故填stay/keep；alive。 43．冒着惹你生气的风险, 我还是得提醒你, 你需要先完成作业。 annoying you, I still have to remind you that you need finish your homework first. 【答案】 At the risk of 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“冒着……的风险”，固定短语at the risk of...“冒着……的风险”符合句意，of为介词，空后annoying符合介词后接动名词形式的语法规定，句首单词首字母应大写。故填At；the；risk；of。 44．约翰昨晚熬夜准备考试。难怪他今天看起来这么困。 John stayed up late last night to prepare for the exam. he looks so sleepy today. 【答案】 No wonder 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，no wonder“难怪”，句首首字母大写。故填No；wonder。 45．潜艇越潜越深，直到完全在水面以下。 The submarine dived deeper and deeper until it was well . 【答案】 below the surface 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“在水面以下”。“在水面以下”在英文中常用介词短语“below the surface”表达。故填below；the；surface。 46．它占地345000平方公里。 It 345,000 square kilometres. 【答案】 takes up an area of 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“占地”。“take up an area of”是固定短语，意为“占地……面积”，句子主语“It”为第三人称单数，因此“take”需用第三人称单数形式“takes”。故填takes；up；an；area；of。 47．徒步了五小时后，我们终于到达了山顶。 After hiking for five hours, we finally the mountain. 【答案】 reached the top of 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺“到达了山顶”，此处应用动词reach作谓语，意为“到达”，时态为一般过去时，其过去式为reached；the top of意为“……的顶部”。故填reached；the；top；of。 48．她会不惜一切代价去保护她的家人。 She will do anything to protect her family . 【答案】 at all costs 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“不惜一切代价”。“at all costs”是固定短语，意为“不惜一切代价、无论如何”，符合“她会不惜一切代价去保护她的家人”的语境。故填at；all；costs。 49．图书馆有不同种类的书供我们阅读。 The library has books for us to read. 【答案】 different types of 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“不同种类的”。“不同种类的”的英语表达为different types(也可用kinds) of，此短语在句中作定语，修饰名词books。故填different；types；of。 50．坐落于湖南湘西土家族苗族自治州，凤凰古城是一座历史悠久的古镇。 Tujia-Miao Autonomous Prefecture of Xiangxi, Hunan, the Ancient Town of Fenghuang is a historic town with a long history. 【答案】 Located in 【详解】解析：根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“坐落于”。“坐落于”用固定短语“be located in”表达，此处用过去分词短语作状语，省略be动词，句首字母大写。故填Located；in。 四、选词填空 （一）阅读短文，从方框中选出恰当的单词并用其适当形式填空，使短文通顺、意义完整。每空仅填一词。 explorer, travel, nature, beautiful, alive, type, successful, natural, sand, colour There are many amazing 51 wonders around the world. Some are made of 52 , and some are formed by water. Different 53 of natural wonders attract lots of 54 every year. 55 can walk along safe paths. The best view is at the top, where you can see the truly 56 landscape. To reach this point, visitors need to climb carefully. The park 57 protects this large place while allowing people to enjoy its 58 . We must work together to keep such wonders 59 for future generations. Let’s cherish these gifts from 60 and never stop exploring them. 【答案】51．natural 52．sand 53．types 54．travellers 55．Explorers 56．colourful 57．successfully 58．beauty 59．alive 60．nature 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了世界各地的自然奇观，以及人们如何探索和保护这些自然奇观。 51．句意：世界上有许多令人惊叹的自然奇观。结合所给单词和“wonders”以及下文“natural wonders”可知，此处表示自然奇观，形容词natural“自然的”符合语境，修饰名词wonders，故填natural。 52．句意：有些是由沙子构成的，有些是由水形成的。结合所给单词和“Some are made of”可知，此处表示由沙子构成，名词sand“沙子”符合语境，不可数名词，故填sand。 53．句意：不同类型的自然奇观每年吸引着众多游客。结合所给单词和“Different...of natural wonders”可知，此处表示不同类型的自然奇观，名词type“类型”符合语境，different后接可数名词的复数形式，故填types。 54．句意：不同类型的自然奇观每年吸引着众多游客。结合所给单词和“attract lots of”可知，此处表示吸引众多游客。名词travel“旅行”的名词形式之一是traveller“游客”符合语境，lots of后接可数名词的复数形式，故填travellers。 55．句意：探险者可以沿着安全路径行走。结合所给单词和“can walk along safe paths”可知，此处表示探险者，名词explorer“探险者”符合语境，可数名词，此处用复数形式表示泛指，故填Explorers。 56．句意：最美的风景在顶端，在那里你能看见真正绚丽多彩的景色。结合所给单词和“you can see the truly…landscape”可知，此处指绚丽多彩的景色，用colour的形容词colourful修饰landscape。故填colourful。 57．句意：公园成功地保护了这片广阔的区域，同时允许人们享受它的美景。结合所给单词和“protects this large place while allowing people to enjoy its...”可知，此处表示成功地保护，形容词successful“成功的”的副词形式successfully“成功地”符合语境，修饰动词protects，故填successfully。 58．句意：公园成功地保护了这片广阔的区域，同时允许人们享受它的美景。结合所给单词和“enjoy its...”可知，此处表示享受美景，形容词beautiful的名词形式beauty符合语境。故填beauty。 59．句意：我们必须共同努力，让这些奇观为后代留存。结合所给单词和“keep such wonders...for future generations”可知，此处表示让奇观留存，形容词alive“活着的”符合语境，作宾语补足语，故填alive。 60．句意：让我们珍惜这些来自大自然的礼物，永远不要停止探索它们。结合所给单词和“Let’s cherish these gifts from...”可知，此处表示来自大自然的礼物，名词nature“大自然”符合语境，故填nature。 （二）用方框内所给单词的适当形式填空 wonder, mountain, desert, waterfall, valley, cliff, bottom, amazing, thick, rainbow 61．The Amazon Rainforest is full of plants and animals that we’ve never seen. 62．Many brave climbers dream of reaching the top of the highest in the world. 63．After the heavy rain, a beautiful appeared in the sky above the village. 64．The in Yellowstone National Park attracts millions of visitors every year. 65．It’s hard to survive in the because there is little water and few plants. 66．The river flows gently through the green , making the scenery very peaceful. 67．The is so steep that even experienced climbers need to be careful. 68．She dropped her key into the lake and couldn’t see it at the . 69．The fog in the morning made the mountain look like a fairyland. 70．We were all shocked by the of the Great Barrier Reef when we visited Australia. 【答案】61．amazing 62．mountain 63．rainbow 64．waterfall 65．desert 66．valley 67．cliff 68．bottom 69．thick 70．wonder 【解析】61．句意：亚马逊雨林充满了我们从未见过的令人惊叹的动植物。根据“plants and animals that we’ve never seen”及所给单词，此处需填形容词修饰名词，amazing“令人惊叹的”符合语境，指这些动植物让人感到惊奇。故填amazing。 62．句意：许多勇敢的登山者梦想登上世界最高山峰的顶端。根据“brave climbers”“the top of the highest”及所给单词，此处需填表示“登山者梦想登上世界最高山峰的顶端”，这里表示单数概念，用可数名词单数形式，mountain“山”符合语境，故填mountain。   63．句意：大雨过后，村庄上空的天空中出现了一道美丽的彩虹。根据“After the heavy rain”“appeared in the sky”及所给单词，此处需填表示雨后天空中出现的事物的名词，rainbow“彩虹”符合语境，指雨后出现的彩虹。前有a修饰，用其单数形式，故填rainbow。 64．句意：黄石国家公园的瀑布每年吸引数百万游客。根据“in Yellowstone National Park attracts millions of visitors”及所给单词，此处需填表示公园内著名景观的名词，waterfall“瀑布”符合语境，谓语动词为单数attracts，因此用单数waterfall。故填waterfall。 65．句意：在沙漠里很难生存，因为那里几乎没有水和植物。根据“little water and few plants”及所给单词，此处需填表示缺水少植物的环境的名词，desert“沙漠”符合语境，，in the desert表示 “在沙漠里”，表示一类事物，用单数desert。故填desert。 66．句意：河流缓缓流过绿色的山谷，使景色非常宁静。根据“The river flows gently through the green”及所给单词，此处特指这条河流经的这片山谷，用单数，valley“山谷”符合语境。故填valley。 67．句意：这个悬崖非常陡峭，即使是有经验的登山者也需要小心。根据“so steep that even experienced climbers need to be careful”及所给单词，此处需填表示陡峭地形的名词，cliff“悬崖”符合语境，后面be动词为is，主语是单数。故填cliff。 68．句意：她把钥匙掉进了湖里，在湖底看不到它。根据“dropped her key into the lake and couldn’t see it”及所给单词，此处需填表示湖的底部的名词，bottom“底部”，at the bottom是固定搭配，指在湖底。故填bottom。 69．句意：早晨的浓雾使这座山看起来像仙境。根据“fog in the morning made the mountain look like a fairyland”及所给单词，此处指浓雾，需填形容词修饰名词fog，thick“浓的”符合语境，指早晨的浓雾。故填thick。 70．句意：当我们游览澳大利亚时，我们都对大堡礁的奇观感到震惊。根据“shocked by the...of the Great Barrier Reef”及所给单词，此处指大堡礁的奇观，表示单数概念。wonder“奇观”符合语境。故填wonder。 五、完形填空 As we all know, the Yangtze River is the longest river in China. But today I'd love to introduce another famous river to you—the Yellow River. The Yellow River is the second 71 river in China. The “yellow” in its name is from the mud (泥) and sand. About 90% of the mud and sand in the Yellow River 72 the Loess Plateau (黄土高原). The Loess Plateau is loose (松的) and easy to be washed away. As a result, in the season of 73 rainfall, a lot of mud and sand goes into the Yellow River. The Yellow River starts from the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau and its shape (形状) is 74 to “几”. It runs from west to east through nine provinces and autonomous regions and finally runs into the Bohai Sea. It covers an 75 of about 752,443 square kilometers. The Yellow River is about 5,464kilometers long. 76 , it is a little shorter than the Yangtze River. In Chinese history, the Yellow River is the most important birthplace of Chinese civilization. 77 Chinese people lived on this land, worked hard and created a rich culture. Today, the area is still very important 78 farming. What's more, the Yellow River 79 an important role in Chinese culture. People have created a lot of poems (诗歌), paintings, and songs about it. The Yellow River is a(n) 80 of China, and we call it the “Mother River”. 71．A．longest B．highest C．biggest D．shortest 72．A．cares about B．comes from C．thinks of D．shouts to 73．A．simple B．heavy C．huge D．light 74．A．different B．hard C．similar D．connected 75．A．area B．weight C．length D．depth 76．A．Actually B．Finally C．Luckily D．Quickly 77．A．Modern B．Ancient C．Young D．Rich 78．A．as B．in C．for D．with 79．A．plays B．makes C．brings D．takes 80．A．group B．example C．prize D．symbol 【答案】71．A 72．B 73．B 74．C 75．A 76．A 77．B 78．C 79．A 80．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了黄河的相关信息，包括其长度、源头、流经区域、在农业和文化中的重要性，以及它作为中国象征的地位。 71．句意：黄河是中国第二长河。 longest最长的；highest最高的；biggest最大的；shortest最短的。根据常识和语境可知，黄河是中国第二长河，此处应用longest表示“最长的”。故选A。 72．句意：黄河中约90%的泥沙来自黄土高原。 cares about关心；comes from来自；thinks of想起；shouts to对……大喊。根据语境可知，此处是在说明黄河中泥沙的来源，即来自黄土高原，应用comes from表示“来自”。故选B。 73．句意：因此，在降雨量大的季节，大量的泥沙流入黄河。 simple简单的；heavy大量的；huge巨大的；light轻的。根据语境可知，此处是在描述降雨量大的季节，应用heavy表示“大量的”，heavy rainfall表示“大量降雨”。故选B。 74．句意：黄河发源于青藏高原，其形状类似于“几”。 different不同的；hard困难的；similar相似的；connected连接的。根据语境可知，此处是在描述黄河的形状，与“几”字相似，应用similar表示“相似的”，be similar to表示“与……相似”。故选C。 75．句意：它的面积约为752,443平方公里。 area面积；weight重量；length长度；depth深度。根据语境可知，此处是在描述黄河的覆盖面积，应用area表示“面积”。故选A。 76．句意：实际上，它比长江稍微短一点。 Actually实际上；Finally最终；Luckily幸运地；Quickly快速地。根据语境可知，此处是在对黄河和长江的长度进行实际比较，应用Actually表示“实际上”。故选A。 77．句意：古代中国人在这片土地上生活、辛勤劳作，创造了丰富的文化。 Modern现代的；Ancient古代的；Young年轻的；Rich富有的。根据语境可知，此处是在描述中国历史上的情况，应用Ancient表示“古代的”。故选B。 78．句意：今天，这个地区对农业仍然非常重要。 as作为；in在……里面；for对于；with和……一起。根据语境可知，此处是在描述这个地区对农业的重要性，应用for表示“对于”。故选C。 79．句意：更重要的是，黄河在中国文化中扮演着重要的角色。 plays扮演；makes制作；brings带来；takes带走。根据语境可知，此处是在描述黄河在中国文化中的地位和作用，应用plays表示“扮演”，play an important role in表示“在……中扮演重要角色”。故选A。 80．句意：黄河是中国的象征，我们称它为“母亲河”。 group组；example例子；prize奖品；symbol象征。根据语境可知，此处是在描述黄河在中国的象征意义，应用symbol表示“象征”。故选D。 六、任务型阅读 阅读下面短文，简略回答问题。 The famous Changbai Mountains lie in Northeast China. The name means “Forever White Mountains”. The mountains got this name because of their beautiful snow-covered peaks (山峰). People began to use the name Changbai Mountains around 1000s. Before that, the mountains had different names in history. In a famous book, The Classic of Mountains and Seas, they were under the name of Buxian Shan. In Book of the Later Han, they were called Dandan, Daling. The Changbai Mountains are beautiful all year round. The best time to take a trip there is between June and September. During this time, the mountain landscape is very beautiful. And the weather is cool. It’s a great place for visitors to get away from high temperatures. It begins to snow in October. The best time to see snow and ski is from November to March. The Changbai Mountains are home to lots of animals as well. Chinese mergansers (中华秋沙鸭) are among them. The animal is as rare (珍贵的) as the panda. One of the most famous parts of the mountains is Tianchi. It is the world’s highest crater lake (火山湖). It covers an area (面积) of nearly 10 square kilometres and is the source of some great rivers like the Songhua River, Tumen River and Yalu River. 81．When did people begin to use the name the Changbai Mountains? 82．Why is the Changbai Mountains a great place for visitors to go on a trip? (列举2点原因) 83．What can people do there in November? 84．What is the area of Tianchi Lake? 85．开放性设问 What will you do first if you visit the Changbai Mountains? And why? 【答案】81．Around 1000s. 82．Because of the beautiful mountain landscape and cool weather. 83．People can see snow and ski. 84．It’s nearly 10 square kilometres. 85．I will go to see the rare Chinese mergansers. Because I like wild animals. (开放性题目，言之有理即可) 【导语】本文主要介绍了长白山的地理位置、名字由来、四季景色、动物资源、著名景点以及相关旅游信息。 81．根据“People began to use the name Changbai Mountains around 1000s.”可知，人们在大约公元1000年左右开始使用长白山这个名字。故填Around 1000s. 82．根据“During this time, the mountain landscape is very beautiful. And the weather is cool. It’s a great place for visitors to get away from high temperatures.”可知，因为美丽的山景和凉爽的天气，长白山是游客旅行的好地方。故填Because of the beautiful mountain landscape and cool weather. 83．根据“It begins to snow in October. The best time to see snow and ski is from November to March.”可知，人们在11月可以在那里看雪和滑雪。故填People can see snow and ski. 84．根据“It covers an area (面积) of nearly 10 square kilometres”可知，天池的面积将近10平方公里。故填It’s nearly 10 square kilometres. 85．开放性题目，言之有理即可。故填I will go to see the rare Chinese mergansers. Because I like wild animals. 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 4 The Wonders of Nature 教材词句语篇重难点解析 知识清单：单元基础知识归纳、速记，词汇、短语梳理，查漏补缺。 重难点讲解：语篇翻译，词、句重难点知识讲解，能力提升。 成果检测：学以致用，学测结合，全面突破，提升素养。 基础知识清单： 重 点 单 词 一、课标要求重点掌握单词： wonder n. 奇观；惊叹 v. 琢磨；想知道；感到诧异 desert n. 沙漠；荒原 below prep. 在（或到）……下面；少于；低于 adv. 在（或到）下面 level n. 高度；水平；程度 surface n. 表面；表层 depth n. 深（度）；纵深 unusual adj. 特别的；不寻常的 bottom n. 底部；最下部 development n. 发展；壮大 mile n. 英里 pool n. 池塘；水坑 climber n. 攀登者；登山者 northern adj. 北部的；向北的 survive v. 生存；存活；艰难度过 condition n. 状态；境况 degree n. 度；度数；程度 changeable adj. 可能变化的；易变的；常变的 death n. 死亡；毁灭；破灭 above prep. 在（或向）……上面；超过 adv. 在（或向）上面；在（或向）高处；超过 shoulder n. 肩膀；肩部 successfully adv. 成功地；顺利地 risk v. 使……冒风险（或面临危险）n. 危险；风险 curiosity n. 好奇心；求知欲 explorer n. 探险者；勘探者 simply adv. 仅仅；只；简单地 risky adj. 有危险（或风险）的 southern adj. 南部的；向南的 curious adj. 好奇的；求知欲强的 traveller n. 旅行者；游客 natural adj. 自然的；天然的；天生的 coast n. 海岸；海滨 include v. 包含；包括 sand n. 沙子 alive adj. 活着；在世；有活力 二、需了解熟悉的单词： measurement n. 数量；测量 dive v. & n. 潜水；跳水；俯冲 submersible n. 潜水艇 waterfall n. 瀑布 civilization（civilisation） n. 文明 cubic adj. 立方的 distance n. 距离；遥远 cliff n. 悬崖；峭壁 determined adj. 有决心的；坚决的 teammate n. 同队队员；队友 ladder n. 梯子；阶梯；途径 measure v. 测量；量度为 n. 措施；度量单位 ambition n. 追求的目标；野心；雄心 located adj. 位于；坐落在 freshwater adj. 淡水的；淡水中生长的 type n. 类型；种类 attract v. 吸引；招引 reef n. 礁；礁脉 underwater adj. 水下的；用于水下的 adv. 在水下 northeastern adj. 东北的；东北方向的 coral n. 珊瑚；珊瑚虫 structure n. 结构（体）；构造；体系 turtle n. 海龟；龟 lifetime n. 一生；终身 单词变形 1. wonder n. 奇观；惊叹；v. 琢磨；想知道；感到诧异 → wonderful adj. 精彩的；绝妙的 2. measurement n. 数量；测量 → measure v. 测量；n. 措施 3. depth n. 深（度）；纵深 → deep adj. 深的；adv. 深深地 → deepen v. 加深；深化 4. unusual adj. 特别的；不寻常的 → usual adj. 通常的；平常的 → usually adv. 通常；平常 5. development n. 发展；壮大 → develop v. 发展；开发 → developed adj. 发达的；成熟的 → developing adj. 发展中的 6. climber n. 攀登者；登山者 → climb v. 攀登；攀爬 7. northern adj. 北部的；向北的 → north n. 北；北方；adj. 北方的；adv. 向北 8. distance n. 距离；遥远 → distant adj. 遥远的；远处的 9. survive v. 生存；存活；艰难度过 → survival n. 生存；存活 → survivor n. 幸存者；生还者 10. changeable adj. 可能变化的；易变的；常变的 → change v. 改变；变化；n. 变化；改变 11. death n. 死亡；毁灭；破灭 → die v. 死亡；消逝 → dead adj. 死的；无生命的 → deadly adj. 致命的；致死的 12. determined adj. 有决心的；坚决的 → determine v. 决定；确定 13. successfully adv. 成功地；顺利地 → succeed v. 成功；达成 → success n. 成功；成就 → successful adj. 成功的；有成效的 14. risk v. 使……冒风险（或面临危险）；n. 危险；风险 → risky adj. 有风险的；危险的 15. curiosity n. 好奇心；求知欲 → curious adj. 好奇的；求知欲强的 → curiously adv. 好奇地；奇怪地 16. explorer n. 探险者；勘探者 → explore v. 探索；勘探 → exploration n. 探索；勘探 17. simply adv. 仅仅；只；简单地 → simple adj. 简单的；单纯的 18. southern adj. 南部的；向南的 → south n. 南；南方；adj. 南方的；adv. 向南 19. located adj. 位于；坐落在 → locate v. 定位；位于 → location n. 位置；地点 20. attract v. 吸引；招引；引起（反应） → attraction n. 吸引力；景点 → attractive adj. 有吸引力的；迷人的 21. curious adj. 好奇的；求知欲强的 → curiosity n. 好奇心；求知欲 → curiously adv. 好奇地；奇怪地 22. traveller n. 旅行者；游客 → travel v. 旅行；游历；n. 旅行 → traveling adj. 旅行的；移动的 23. natural adj. 自然的；天然的；天生的 → nature n. 自然；天性 → naturally adv. 自然地；天生地 24. include v. 包含；包括 → inclusion n. 包含；加入 → including prep.包括…在内 25. structure n. 结构（体）；构造；体系 → structure v. 构建；组织 重点短语 connect with 联系 natural wonders 自然奇观 square kilometre 平方千米 in size 在尺寸／面积上 below sea level 低于海平面 8848.86 metres deep 8848.86米深 unusual abilities 非凡能力 by the way 顺便提一下 at all costs 不惜一切代价 a magical experience一次神奇的体验 bit by bit 一点一点地；逐渐地 game show 游戏节目 as well as 也；和……一样好 magical experience 神奇的经历 do research 做研究 different types of animals不同种类的动物 make notes做笔记 note down the details记下细节 by all means 尽一切办法 take measwrements 进行测量 risk one's life 冒生命危险 be located on 位于：坐落在 dream of a lifetime 一生的梦想 核心句式 1. 其表面位于海平面以下...米。 Its surface is...metres below sea level. 2. 你的旅行怎么样？ How was your trip? 3. 顺便问一下，你知道它为什么叫黄河吗？ By the way, do you know why it's called the Yellow River? 4. 我们应该想尽一切办法保护它们。 We should protect them by all means. 5. 世界上最大的沙漠是什么？ What is the biggest desert in the world? 6. 海洋最深处在哪里？ Where is the deepest point in the ocean? 7. 珠穆朗玛峰是世界上的伟大奇迹之一，而且它还在不断增高。 Mount Qomolangma is one of the greatest wonders of the world,and it is still growing taller. 8. 在地球最高的地方，你会觉得自已能摸到天空。 On the highest place on earth, you will feel like you are able to touch the sky. 9. 登山者还必须应对稀薄的空气、高耸的悬崖和多变的天气。 Climbers must also deal with thin air, high cliffs, and changeable weather. 10. 在1960年之前，没有人能够从北面登上珠穆朗玛峰的顶峰。 Before 1960, no one was able to reach the top of Qomolangma from the northern side. 11. 登山者们一点一点地爬了起来，并成功通过了第二步。 Bit by bit, the climbers pulled themselves up, and they made it past the Second Step. 12. 1975年，另一个中国团队登上珠穆朗玛峰进行研究。 In 1975, another Chinese team climbed to the top of Qomolangma to do research. 13. 为什么人们仍然冒着生命危险去攀登世界上最高的山峰？ Why do people still risk their lives to climb the highest mountain in the world？ 14. 长江是中国最长的河流，全长约6300公里。 The Yangtze River travels the farthest in China and is about 6,300 kilometres long. 15. 如果你潜得更深，你甚至可能会看到大鱼、海龟和鲨鱼。 If you dive deeper,you might even see large fish,turtles,and sharks. 16. 大堡礁位于澳大利亚东北海岸，是最令人惊叹的旅游景点之一。 Located on the northeastern coast of Australia, the Great Barrier Reef is one of the most amazing places to visit. 17. 对于热爱海洋的人来说，参观大堡礁是一生的梦想！ For people who love the ocean, visiting the Great Barrier Reef is the dream of a lifetime! Section A 词句语篇重点知识解析： 一、Section A部分语篇翻译： 语篇Section A 3a Yaming: Welcome back, Ella! How was your trip? Ella: It was great! We saw the Hukou Waterfall on the Yellow River. Is that the longest river in China? Yaming: No, the Yangtze River is the longest river in China. It travels the farthest and is about 6,300 kilometres long. The Yellow River is 5,464 kilometres long and is the second longest. By the way, do you know why it's called the Yellow River? Ella: Because it's yellow? Yaming: Right. Some parts of the river carry brown and yellow earth. Ella: That's interesting! I like learning about rivers. My favourite is the Nile. Did you know it's the longest river in Africa? Yaming: Yes, it's 6,671 kilometres long. It's very important in Egypt's history. Ella: That's right. Both the Nile and the Yellow River helped ancient civilizations to develop. And they're still very important today. Yaming: Yes. In China, we even call the Yellow River our "mother river"! Ella: We should protect them by all means. 亚明：欢迎回来，埃拉！你的旅行怎么样？ 埃拉：很棒！我们看到了黄河上的壶口瀑布。那是中国最长的河流吗？ 亚明：不是，长江是中国最长的河流。它流程最远，大约有6300公里长。黄河 长5464公里，是第二长的河流。顺便问一下，你知道它为什么叫黄河吗？埃拉：因为它是黄色的？ 亚明：对。河流的一些河段携带棕色和黄色的泥土。 埃拉：真有趣！我喜欢了解河流。我最喜欢的是尼罗河。你知道它是非洲最长的河 流吗？ 亚明：知道，它有6671公里长。它在埃及历史上非常重要。 埃拉：对的。尼罗河和黄河都帮助了古代文明的发展。而且它们在今天仍然非常重 要。 亚明：是的。在中国，我们甚至把黄河称为我们的“母亲河”！ 埃拉：我们应该想 尽一切办法保护它们。 二、Section A部分教材词句重难点解析： 1、The Wonders of Nature 大自然的奇观 I wonder what the largest shark in the deep sea is.我想知道深海中最大的鲨鱼是什么。 （1）wonder wonder 作名词，意为 “奇观；惊叹”，表示具体的某种“奇观”作可数名词，表抽象含义的“惊叹”是不可数；作动词，意为 “琢磨；想知道；感到诧异”，后常接宾语从句。 例：The Great Wall is one of the great wonders of the world.（长城是世界上伟大的奇观之一。）I wonder how he got here so quickly.（我琢磨着他怎么这么快就到这儿了。） 【短语、搭配】no wonder 难怪 in wonder 惊奇地 wonder at sth. 对某事感到诧异 例：No wonder you are tired, you walked so far.（难怪你累了，你走了这么远的路。） We looked at the beautiful view in wonder.（我们惊奇地看着这美丽的景色。） I wonder at his strange behavior.（我对他奇怪的行为感到诧异。） 2、Its surface is ... metres below sea level.（它的表面在海平面以下……米。） （1）below below 作介词，意为 “在（或到）…… 下面；少于；低于”；作副词，意为 “在（或到）下面”，单独使用。 例：The river below the bridge is very wide.（桥下面的河很宽。） The temperature is below zero today.（今天的气温在零度以下。） Please write your name on the line below.（请把你的名字写在下面的横线上。） 【混词辨析】below 与 under below 侧重指位置在下方，不强调垂直关系，也可表示数量、程度等的 “低于”；under 侧重指垂直方向的 “在…… 正下方”，还可表示 “在…… 管辖下”。 例：The sun sank below the horizon.（太阳落到了地平线以下。） A cat is sitting under the table.（一只猫坐在桌子正下方。） （2）level level 作名词，意为 “高度；水平；程度”，为可数名词。 例：The water level of the lake rises in summer.（这个湖的水位在夏天会上升。） His English level is very high.（他的英语水平很高。） 【短语、搭配】at the same level 在同一水平；同一层次 a high/low level of ... …… 的高 / 低水平 例：These two boys are at the same level in study.（这两个男孩的学习水平相当。） We need a high level of care for the sick.（我们需要对病人给予高度的照顾。） 3、OCEAN DEPTHS（海洋深度） （1）depth depth 作名词，意为 “深（度）；纵深”，为不可数名词。 例：The depth of the river is about 2 meters.（这条河的深度大约 2 米。） The lake has a depth of 100 meters.（这个湖有 100 米深。） 【词性变换】deep adj. 深的 deeply adv. 深深地 【短语、搭配】in depth 深入地；全面地 the depth of ... …… 的深度 例：We need to study this problem in depth.（我们需要深入研究这个问题。） No one knows the depth of the ocean here.（没人知道这里海洋的深度。） 4、Some animals have unusual abilities.（有些动物有不寻常的能力。） （1）unusual unusual 作形容词，意为 “特别的；不寻常的”。 例：It is unusual to see snow in this city in summer.（夏天在这座城市看到雪是很不寻常的。）She has an unusual hobby of collecting stones.（她有一个收集石头的特别爱好。） 【构词法和词性变换】unusual 是由 “un (前缀) + usual (adj. 通常的)” 构成。 usual adj. 通常的 usually adv. 通常 unusually adv. 不寻常地 5、What is the bottom of the deep sea like?（深海底部是什么样的？） （1）bottom bottom 作名词，意为 “底部；最下部”，为可数名词。 例：There is a stone at the bottom of the bottle.（瓶子底部有一块石头。） She sat at the bottom of the stairs.（她坐在楼梯的最下端。） 【常见短语、固定搭配】at the bottom of ... 在…… 的底部 例：I found a key at the bottom of the box.（我在盒子底部找到了一把钥匙。） 6、Both the Nile and the Yellow River helped in the development of ancient civilizations .（尼罗河和黄河都促进了古代文明的发展。） （1）development development 作名词，意为 “发展；壮大”，为不可数名词。 例：The development of the city is very fast in recent years.（这座城市近年来的发展很快。）We pay much attention to the development of education.（我们十分重视教育的发展。） 【词性变换】develop v. 发展；开发 developing adj. 发展中的 developed adj. 发达的 【短语搭配】the development of ... …… 的发展 economic development 经济发展 例：The development of science changes our life.（科学的发展改变了我们的生活。） The country’s economic development is getting better.（这个国家的经济发展越来越好。） Section B 词句语篇重点知识解析： 一、Section B部分语篇翻译： Section A, 1b Reaching New Heights To most people, Mount Qomolangma is one of the greatest wonders of the world. On the highest place on earth, you will feel like you are able to touch the sky. But only the best climbers reach the top, and that is only if they survive the terrible conditions first. On the mountain, temperatures can fall to - 30 degrees. Climbers must also deal with thin air, high cliffs, and changeable weather. Before 1960, no one was able to reach the top of Qomolangma from the northern side. Mountain climbers even called that way the "Death Road", but a Chinese climbing team was determined to make the climb. On 24 May 1960, climbers Liu Lianman, Wang Fuzhou, Qu Yinhua, and Gong Bu arrived at the Second Step. It was 8,600 metres above sea level. People said it was so high that even birds could not reach it. Liu allowed his teammates to step on his shoulders. Bit by bit, the climbers pulled themselves up, and they made it past the Second Step. At 4:20 a.m. on 25 May, the Chinese national flag flew above the world's highest mountain for the first time. In 1975, another Chinese team climbed to the top of Qomolangma to do research. This time, they brought a ladder to the Second Step. Until 2007, almost all climbers from the northern side used this "Chinese Ladder" to reach the top much faster. In 2020, a third team returned to Qomolangma to measure its height—8,848.86 metres. Climbing Qomolangma is dangerous. Some climbers reach the top successfully, but many fail. Why do people still risk their lives to climb the highest mountain in the world? It is because human curiosity and ambition cannot be stopped. Or, as the English explorer George Mallory put it, it is simply "because it's there"! 达到新高度 对大多数人来说，珠穆朗玛峰是世界上最伟大的奇迹之一。在地球上最高的地方，你会感觉自己仿佛能够触摸到天空。但只有最优秀的登山者才能到达顶峰，而且只有他们首先挺过恶劣的环境才行。在这座山上，气温能降到零下30度。登山者还必须应对稀薄的空气、高耸的悬崖和多变的天气。 1960年以前，没有人能从北侧登上珠穆朗玛峰的顶峰。登山者甚至把那条路称为“死亡之路”，但一支中国登山队决心进行这次攀登。 1960年5月24日，登山队员刘连满、王富洲、屈银华和贡布到达了“第二台 阶”。它海拔8600米。人们说它太高了，连鸟都飞不上去。刘连满让队友们踩在他的肩膀上。登山队员们一点一点地往上爬，成功通过了“第二台阶”。5月25日凌晨4点20分，中国国旗第一次在世界最高峰上空飘扬。 1975年，另一支中国登山队登上珠穆朗玛峰顶峰进行考察。这一次，他们带了一架梯子到“第二台阶”。直到2007年，几乎所有从北侧攀登的登山者都使用这架“中国梯”，以便更快地到达顶峰。2020年，第三支队伍重返珠穆朗玛峰，测量它的高度——8848.86米。 攀登珠穆朗玛峰是危险的。一些登山者成功登顶，但许多人失败了。为什么人们仍然冒着生命危险去攀登世界最高峰呢？这是因为人类的好奇心和雄心壮志无法被阻挡。或者，正如英国探险家乔治・马洛里所说，仅仅是“因为它在那里”！ Section B, 3a The Great Barrier Reef: An Amazing Underwater World Do you love the ocean? Do you want to visit one of the natural wonders of the world? If so, visit the Great Barrier Reef! Located on the northeastern coast of Australia, the Great Barrier Reef is one of the most amazing places to visit. It is the biggest coral reef in the world. It takes up an area of 345,000 square kilometres and includes over 900 islands and white sand beaches. The Great Barrier Reef is also alive! If you visit it, you will see the largest living structure on earth. Here, you can swim, dive, or snorkel in the clear water and see coral, plants, and schools of colourful fish. If you dive deeper, you might even see large fish, turtles, and sharks. For people who love the ocean, visiting the Great Barrier Reef is the dream of a lifetime! 大堡礁：一个神奇的水下世界 你喜欢海洋吗？你想参观世界自然奇观之一吗？如果想的话，就去大堡礁吧！ 大堡礁位于澳大利亚东北海岸，是最值得参观的神奇地方之一。它是世界上最大的珊瑚礁。它占地面积达 34.5 万平方公里，包括 900 多个岛屿和白色沙滩。 大堡礁也是充满生机的！如果你去参观，你会看到地球上最大的生物结构体。在这里，你可以在清澈的水中游泳、潜水或浮潜，观赏珊瑚、植物和成群的彩色鱼类。如果你潜得更深，你甚至可能看到大型鱼类、海龟和鲨鱼。对于热爱海洋的人来说，参观大堡礁是一生的梦想！ 二、Section B部分教材词句重难点解析： 7、But only the best climbers reach the top,and that is only if they survive the terrible conditions first.（但只有最优秀的登山者才能登顶，而这前提是他们首先要挺过恶劣的环境。） （1）survive survive 作动词，意为 “生存；存活；艰难度过”，为及物或不及物动词。 例：Few plants can survive in the desert.（很少有植物能在沙漠里存活。） He survived the big fire last year.（他从去年的大火中幸存了下来。） 【性变换】survival n. 生存；幸存 survivor n. 幸存者 【短语、搭配】survive on sth. 依靠某物生存 survive from ... 从…… 中幸存 例：The animals survive on grass in the grassland.（草原上的动物依靠草生存。） Only a few people survived from the accident.（只有几个人从这场事故中幸存。） （2）condition condition 作名词，意为 “状态；境况”，作 “状态” 讲时为不可数名词，作 “境况；条件” 讲时为可数名词。 例：The car is in good condition.（这辆车状态良好。） His living conditions are getting better and better.（他的生活境况越来越好了。） 【短语、搭配】in good/bad condition 状态良好 / 糟糕 living conditions 生活条件 on the condition that+从句 条件是 例：The old house is still in good condition.（这栋老房子依然状态良好。） We need to improve the working conditions of the workers.（我们需要改善工人们的工作条件。）I’ll help you on the condition that you finish your homework first.（我会帮你，条件是你先完成作业。） 8、On the mountain, temperatures can fall to -30 degrees. （山上气温可降至零下30度。） （1）degree degree 作名词，意为 “度；度数；程度”，为可数名词。 例：The temperature is thirty degrees today.（今天的气温是三十度。） I agree with you to a certain degree.（我在一定程度上同意你的看法。） 【常见短语、固定搭配】 a degree of ... 一定程度的…… 例：There is a degree of difficulty in this problem.（这道题有一定的难度。） 9、Climbers must also deal with thin air, high cliffs, and changeable weather.（登山者还必须应对稀薄的空气、高耸的悬崖和变化无常的天气。） （1）changeable changeable 作形容词，意为 “可能变化的；易变的；常变的”。 例：The weather in spring is very changeable.（春天的天气变化无常。） Her mood is quite changeable today.（她今天的心情很易变。） 【词性变换】change v. & n. 改变；变化 【短语、搭配】changeable weather 多变的天气 a changeable person 情绪多变的人 例：We need to take an umbrella because of the changeable weather.（因为天气多变，我们需要带把伞。） He is a changeable person and no one can understand him.（他是个情绪多变的人，没人能理解他。） 10、Mountain climbers even called that way the“Death Road”,but a Chinese climbing team was determined to make the climb.（登山者甚至称这条路为“死亡之路”，但一支中国登山队决心要攀登这条路。） （1）death death 作名词，意为 “死亡；毁灭；破灭”，为不可数名词。 例：Smoking is bad for your health and may even lead to death.（吸烟有害健康，甚至可能导致死亡。） His father’s death made him very sad.（他父亲的离世让他非常伤心。） 【词性变换】die v. 死；死亡 dead adj. 死的；无生命的 【短语、搭配】the death of ... …… 的死亡；…… 的破灭 例：The death of the tree is because of the lack of water.（这棵树的枯死是因为缺水。） （2）determined determined 作形容词，意为 “有决心的；坚决的”。 例：She is determined to learn English well.（她下定决心要把英语学好。） He has a determined look on his face.（他脸上带着坚定的神情。） 【词性变换】determine v. 决定；下决心 determination n. 决心；坚定 【短语、搭配】be determined to do sth. 下定决心做某事 例：He is determined to win the game.（他下定决心要赢得这场比赛。） 11、It was 8,600 metres above sea level.（它的海拔高度为8600米。） （1）above above 作介词，意为 “在（或向）…… 上面；超过”；作副词，意为 “在（或向）上面；在（或向）高处；超过”。 例：The bird is flying above the tree.（小鸟在树的上方飞。） The temperature is above 20 degrees today.（今天的气温超过 20 度。） The sun rose above in the sky.（太阳升到了天空的高处。） 【易混词辨析】above 与 over above 侧重指位置在上方，不强调垂直覆盖，也可表数量、程度的 “超过”；over 侧重指垂直方向的 “在…… 正上方”。 例：There is a light above the desk.（桌子上方有一盏灯。） There is a bridge over the river.（河上有一座桥。） 12、Bit by bit, the climbers pulled themselves up, and they made it past the Second Step.（登山者们一点一点地往上爬，终于越过了第二步。） （1）bit by bit bit by bit 意为 “一点一点地；逐渐地”，为副词性短语，在句中作状语，可置于句首、句中或句末。 例：Bit by bit, he learned how to play the piano.（他一点一点地学会了弹钢琴。） The snow melted bit by bit in the sun.（雪在阳光下逐渐融化了。） 【易混短语辨析】bit by bit 与 little by little 二者均表示 “逐渐地；一点一点地”，含义基本相同，可互换使用；bit by bit 更侧重 “分步、一点点完成”，little by little 更侧重 “缓慢的变化过程”。 例：Little by little, the child began to speak.（孩子慢慢开始说话了。） He finished the puzzle bit by bit.（他一点一点地拼好了拼图。） 13、Some climbers reach the top successfully, but many fail.（有些登山者成功登顶，但也有许多登山者失败。） （1）successfully successfully 作副词，意为 “成功地；顺利地”，用来修饰动词，位于动词前后均可。 例：He finished the task successfully.（他成功完成了这项任务。） We successfully crossed the river by boat.（我们乘船顺利渡过了河。） 【词性变换】success n. 成功 successful adj. 成功的 succeed v. 成功 14、Why do people still risk their lives to climb the highest mountain in the world?（为什么人们仍然冒着生命危险去攀登世界最高峰？） （1）risk risk 作动词，意为 “使…… 冒风险（或面临危险）”；作名词，意为 “危险；风险”，为可数或不可数名词。 例：He risked his life to save the little girl.（他冒着生命危险救了那个小女孩。） There is a big risk in this business.（这笔生意有很大的风险。） 【词性变换】risky adj. 有危险（或风险）的 【短语、搭配】take a risk 冒险 risk doing sth. 冒险做某事at the risk of 冒着…… 的风险 例：He is brave enough to take a risk.（他足够勇敢，敢于冒险。） They risked losing their jobs to speak out.（他们冒着失去工作的风险直言不讳。） 15、It is because human curiosity and ambition cannot be stopped.（这是因为人类的好奇心和野心是无法阻止的。） （1）curiosity curiosity 作名词，意为 “好奇心；求知欲”，为不可数名词。 例：The child’s curiosity made him ask many questions.（孩子的好奇心让他问了很多问题。）He has a strong curiosity about the outer space.（他对太空有强烈的求知欲。） 【词性变换】curious adj. 好奇的 【短语、搭配】out of curiosity 出于好奇心 例：I opened the box out of curiosity.（我出于好奇心打开了盒子。） （2）ambition ambition 作名词，意为 “追求的目标；野心；雄心”，为可数或不可数名词，表 “目标” 时为可数，表 “雄心 / 野心” 时为不可数。 例：His ambition is to be a scientist.（他的目标是成为一名科学家。） He is a man full of ambition.（他是一个充满雄心的人。） 【词性变换】ambitious adj. 有雄心的；有野心的 【短语、搭配】achieve one’s ambition 实现某人的目标 例：He worked hard to achieve his ambition.（他努力工作以实现自己的目标。） 16、Or, as the English explorer George Mallory put it, it is simply “because it's there"!（或者，正如英国探险家乔治·马洛里所说，仅仅是因为“它就在那里”！） （1）explorer explorer 作名词，意为 “探险者；勘探者”。 例：The explorer went to the Amazon forest to explore new plants.（这位探险者去亚马逊森林勘探新的植物。） Many brave explorers traveled to the North Pole in the past.（过去很多勇敢的探险者前往北极。） 【词性变换】explore v. 探索；勘探 explorer n. 探险者；勘探者 exploration n. 探索；勘探 （2）simply simply 作副词，意为 “仅仅；只；简单地”，可修饰动词、形容词或句子。 例：I simply want to say thank you.（我只是想说声谢谢。） You can simply finish the work in ten minutes.（你可以轻松地在十分钟内完成这项工作。） 【构词法和词性变换】simple adj. 简单的；单纯的 17、Today, the lake still attracts many curious travellers.（今天，这个湖仍然吸引着许多好奇的旅行者。） （1）attract attract 作动词，意为 “吸引；招引”，为及物动词。 例：The beautiful scenery attracts many tourists every year.（美丽的风景每年吸引很多游客。）Her smile attracted everyone’s attention.（她的微笑引起了所有人的注意。） 【词性变换】attract v. 吸引 attraction n. 吸引力；景点 attractive adj. 有吸引力的 【短语、搭配】attract sb.’s attention 吸引某人的注意力 attract sb. to sp. 吸引某人到某地 例：The interesting game attracted the children’s attention.（有趣的游戏吸引了孩子们的注意力。）The warm weather attracts many people to the seaside.（温暖的天气吸引很多人去海边。） （2）curious curious 作形容词，意为 “好奇的；求知欲强的”。 例：The curious child always asks many questions.（这个好奇的孩子总是问很多问题。） I’m curious about his new job.（我对他的新工作很好奇。） 【词性变换】curiosity n. 好奇心；求知欲 curiously adv. 好奇地 【短语、搭配】be curious about sth. 对某事感到好奇be curious to do sth. 好奇地想做某事 例：He is curious about everything around him.（他对身边的一切都感到好奇。） I’m curious to know what happened.（我好奇地想知道发生了什么事。） 18、After all, it is a great natural wonder.（毕竟，它是一个伟大的自然奇观。） （1）natural natural 作形容词，意为 “自然的；天然的；天生的”。 例：This kind of food is made of natural materials.（这种食物由天然原料制成。） She has a natural gift for music.（她有天生的音乐天赋。） 【词性变换】nature n. 自然；天性 naturally adv. 自然地 【短语、搭配】natural scenery 自然风光natural ability 天生的能力 例：We enjoyed the beautiful natural scenery in the mountain.（我们欣赏了山里美丽的自然风光。）He has a natural ability to learn languages.（他有天生的语言学习能力。） 19、It takes up an area of 345,000 square kilometres and includes many islands and white sand beaches.（它占地345,000平方公里，包括许多岛屿和白沙滩。） （1）include include 作动词，意为 “包含；包括”，为及物动词，指整体中包含部分。 例：The price of the ticket includes breakfast and dinner.（票价包含早餐和晚餐。） The team includes ten students from our class.（这个团队包括我们班的十个学生。） 【词性变换】include v. 包含；包括 including prep. 包括 inclusion n. 包含；入选 （2）sand sand 作名词，意为 “沙子”，为不可数名词，表 “沙滩；沙地” 时常用复数形式 sands。 例：There is some sand in my shoes.（我的鞋子里有一些沙子。） We walked on the soft sands by the sea.（我们在海边柔软的沙滩上散步。） 【短语、搭配】sand beach 沙滩 in the sand 在沙子里 例：The children are playing on the sand beach.（孩子们在沙滩上玩耍。） He wrote his name in the sand.（他把名字写在了沙子里。） 20、The Great Barrier Reef is also alive!（大堡礁也充满生机！） （1）alive alive 作形容词，意为 “活着；在世；有活力”，常作表语、后置定语或宾语补足语，不能作前置定语。 例：The old man is still alive at the age of 95.（这位老人 95 岁了还在世。） We saw a fish alive in the river.（我们在河里看到了一条活鱼。） The news kept him alive with hope.（这个消息让他充满希望，精神振奋。） 【易混词辨析】alive 与 living alive 侧重指 “活着的”，表状态，常作表语、后置定语；living 侧重指 “活的；现存的”，可作前置定语、表语，范围更广。 例：Who is the greatest writer alive?（谁是现存最伟大的作家？） There are many living plants in the forest.（森林里有很多活的植物。） 一、单项选择 1．What a brave teenager he was! He risked his life ________ a little girl in the middle of the road. A．save B．saving C．to save D．saved 2．From the top of the mountains,the houses ________ looked like small boxes. A．below B．under C．above D．over 3．Joe, you should give up playing computer games. It’s ________ a waste of time. A．luckily B．hardly C．freshly D．simply 4．Many plants can’t ________ in very dry places except cacti (仙人掌). A．survive B．aid C．sleep D．manage 5．My grandmother’s after-dinner routine ________ walking the dog and dancing in the park. A．describes B．avoids C．continues D．includes 6．—Why do many young people return to build their hometowns now? —Because local ________ creates more jobs and a better life. A．environment B．development C．condition D．attention 7．Zheng He was a(n) ________ in the Ming Dynasty. We Chinese people are proud of him. A．scientist B．explorer C．artist D．teacher 8．The beautiful scenery in the park ________ a lot of visitors every year. A．attends B．allows C．attracts D．accepts 9．—Mum,I find it hard to finish reading this long novel in a week. —Take it easy. You can read it _________. A．at once B．bit by bit C．in total D．on time 10．—What do you think of Frank? —He is a(n) _________ boy and he shows great interest in anything new. A．curious B．honest C．emotional D．creative 11．It’s reported that the documentary will be covered ________. It brings dinosaurs ________ on screen. A．alive; live B．live; alive C．lively; alive 12．We should do our best ________ natural wonders from being destroyed. A．protect B．to protect C．protecting 13．We should ________ nature and learn its secrets instead of destroying it. A．be curious about B．be afraid of C．be angry with D．be sorry for 14．—What’s the ________ of the Mariana Trench? —It’s about 11,034 meters, the deepest point on Earth. A．width B．height C．depth D．length 15．—The town experienced ________ weather last month, with snow in summer. —Very strange. A．simple B．common C．similar D．unusual 二、单词拼写 16．Children like to play with s on the beach in summer. 17．The temperature will stay a zero tomorrow, so it won’t be very cold. 18．The doctor said that the patient was in good c after the operation and would recover soon. 19．The Sahara Desert has very harsh living c . 20．The d of the Mariana Trench is over 11,000 meters. 21．Humans can’t (生存) without food, water or oxygen. 22．Our weekend plan (包括) a trip to the park and a movie night at home. 23．The south of France lies on the (海岸), and it is famous for its wonderful beaches. 24．Make sure that the (表面) is clean and dry before you start to paint. 25．The Grand Canyon is one of the natural (奇观) of the world. 26．Many animals can still (survival) in this cold lake. 27．Shanghai Disney Resort is one of the most famous (attraction) that children want to visit. 28．It’s (health) to eat too much fried food. 29．Climbers must deal with thin air, high cliffs and (change) weather. 30．We should protect them by all (mean). 31．We don’t know whether he’s (live) or dead. 32．We are surprised at the great (wonder) of the Grand Canyon. 33．The scientists (success) launched the satellite into space last week. 34．He (simple) couldn’t believe his eyes when he saw the beautiful scenery. 35．This kind of fish is (usual) because it can live in extremely cold water. 三、完成句子 36．她一点一点地存钱，想买她最喜欢的书。 She saved money to buy her favourite book. 37．他们决心在晚饭前完成家庭作业。 They finish their homework before dinner. 38．我对我们镇上的新图书馆很好奇，想去看看。 I am the new library in our town and want to visit it. 39．吃新鲜的鱼对我们有好处。 Eating fresh fish us. 40．澳大利亚是一个幅员辽阔的国家，面积约768.82万平方公里。 Australia is a vast country with an area of about 7.6882 million . 41．消防员常常冒着生命危险从着火的建筑物中救人。 Firefighters often to save people from burning buildings. 42．在野外，动物们必须找到食物和水才能存活。 In the wild, animals have to find food and water to . 43．冒着惹你生气的风险, 我还是得提醒你, 你需要先完成作业。 annoying you, I still have to remind you that you need finish your homework first. 44．约翰昨晚熬夜准备考试。难怪他今天看起来这么困。 John stayed up late last night to prepare for the exam. he looks so sleepy today. 45．潜艇越潜越深，直到完全在水面以下。 The submarine dived deeper and deeper until it was well . 46．它占地345000平方公里。 It 345,000 square kilometres. 47．徒步了五小时后，我们终于到达了山顶。 After hiking for five hours, we finally the mountain. 48．她会不惜一切代价去保护她的家人。 She will do anything to protect her family . 49．图书馆有不同种类的书供我们阅读。 The library has books for us to read. 50．坐落于湖南湘西土家族苗族自治州，凤凰古城是一座历史悠久的古镇。 Tujia-Miao Autonomous Prefecture of Xiangxi, Hunan, the Ancient Town of Fenghuang is a historic town with a long history. 四、选词填空 （一）阅读短文，从方框中选出恰当的单词并用其适当形式填空，使短文通顺、意义完整。每空仅填一词。 explorer, travel, nature, beautiful, alive, type, successful, natural, sand, colour There are many amazing 51 wonders around the world. Some are made of 52 , and some are formed by water. Different 53 of natural wonders attract lots of 54 every year. 55 can walk along safe paths. The best view is at the top, where you can see the truly 56 landscape. To reach this point, visitors need to climb carefully. The park 57 protects this large place while allowing people to enjoy its 58 . We must work together to keep such wonders 59 for future generations. Let’s cherish these gifts from 60 and never stop exploring them. （二）用方框内所给单词的适当形式填空 wonder, mountain, desert, waterfall, valley, cliff, bottom, amazing, thick, rainbow 61．The Amazon Rainforest is full of plants and animals that we’ve never seen. 62．Many brave climbers dream of reaching the top of the highest in the world. 63．After the heavy rain, a beautiful appeared in the sky above the village. 64．The in Yellowstone National Park attracts millions of visitors every year. 65．It’s hard to survive in the because there is little water and few plants. 66．The river flows gently through the green , making the scenery very peaceful. 67．The is so steep that even experienced climbers need to be careful. 68．She dropped her key into the lake and couldn’t see it at the . 69．The fog in the morning made the mountain look like a fairyland. 70．We were all shocked by the of the Great Barrier Reef when we visited Australia. 五、完形填空 As we all know, the Yangtze River is the longest river in China. But today I'd love to introduce another famous river to you—the Yellow River. The Yellow River is the second 71 river in China. The “yellow” in its name is from the mud (泥) and sand. About 90% of the mud and sand in the Yellow River 72 the Loess Plateau (黄土高原). The Loess Plateau is loose (松的) and easy to be washed away. As a result, in the season of 73 rainfall, a lot of mud and sand goes into the Yellow River. The Yellow River starts from the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau and its shape (形状) is 74 to “几”. It runs from west to east through nine provinces and autonomous regions and finally runs into the Bohai Sea. It covers an 75 of about 752,443 square kilometers. The Yellow River is about 5,464kilometers long. 76 , it is a little shorter than the Yangtze River. In Chinese history, the Yellow River is the most important birthplace of Chinese civilization. 77 Chinese people lived on this land, worked hard and created a rich culture. Today, the area is still very important 78 farming. What's more, the Yellow River 79 an important role in Chinese culture. People have created a lot of poems (诗歌), paintings, and songs about it. The Yellow River is a(n) 80 of China, and we call it the “Mother River”. 71．A．longest B．highest C．biggest D．shortest 72．A．cares about B．comes from C．thinks of D．shouts to 73．A．simple B．heavy C．huge D．light 74．A．different B．hard C．similar D．connected 75．A．area B．weight C．length D．depth 76．A．Actually B．Finally C．Luckily D．Quickly 77．A．Modern B．Ancient C．Young D．Rich 78．A．as B．in C．for D．with 79．A．plays B．makes C．brings D．takes 80．A．group B．example C．prize D．symbol 六、任务型阅读 阅读下面短文，简略回答问题。 The famous Changbai Mountains lie in Northeast China. The name means “Forever White Mountains”. The mountains got this name because of their beautiful snow-covered peaks (山峰). People began to use the name Changbai Mountains around 1000s. Before that, the mountains had different names in history. In a famous book, The Classic of Mountains and Seas, they were under the name of Buxian Shan. In Book of the Later Han, they were called Dandan, Daling. The Changbai Mountains are beautiful all year round. The best time to take a trip there is between June and September. During this time, the mountain landscape is very beautiful. And the weather is cool. It’s a great place for visitors to get away from high temperatures. It begins to snow in October. The best time to see snow and ski is from November to March. The Changbai Mountains are home to lots of animals as well. Chinese mergansers (中华秋沙鸭) are among them. The animal is as rare (珍贵的) as the panda. One of the most famous parts of the mountains is Tianchi. It is the world’s highest crater lake (火山湖). It covers an area (面积) of nearly 10 square kilometres and is the source of some great rivers like the Songhua River, Tumen River and Yalu River. 81．When did people begin to use the name the Changbai Mountains? 82．Why is the Changbai Mountains a great place for visitors to go on a trip? (列举2点原因) 83．What can people do there in November? 84．What is the area of Tianchi Lake? 85．开放性设问 What will you do first if you visit the Changbai Mountains? And why? 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $