第06讲 Unit2 Stay Healthy 教材词句语篇重难点解析 八年级下册预习讲义 -2025-2026学年八年级英语寒假作业（人教版）

Unit 2 Stay Healthy 教材词句语篇重难点解析 知识清单：单元基础知识归纳、速记，词汇、短语梳理，查漏补缺。 重难点讲解：语篇翻译，词、句重难点知识讲解，能力提升。 成果检测：学以致用，学测结合，全面突破，提升素养。 基础知识清单： 重 点 单 词 一、课标要求重点掌握单词： ourselves pron. 我们自己 sore adj. 疼痛的；酸痛的 throat n. 喉咙 stomachache n. 胃痛；肚子疼 headache n. 头痛 toothache n. 牙痛 backache n. 背痛；腰痛 suffer v. 受苦；遭受 press v. 压；按；挤；推 dentist n. 牙科医生 fever n. 发烧 stomach n. 胃；腹部 avoid v. 避免；防止 gas n. 气体；燃气 ache n. & v. 疼痛 X-ray n. X光照片；X射线 careless adj. 不小心的；粗心的 runny adj. 流鼻涕的；流眼泪的 cough n. & v. 咳嗽 test n. & v. 检查；测验 flu n. 流行性感冒 medicine n. 药；医学 virus n. 病毒 description n. 描写；形容 patient n. 病人 adj. 有耐心的 illness n. 疾病 knife n. 刀 safety n. 安全；安全处所 clear adj. 清晰的；清楚的 v. 清理 pain n. 疼痛；痛苦 brightness n. 亮度 environment n. 环境 cross v. 穿越；横过；交叉 themselves pron. 他（或她、它）们自己 happily adv. 快乐地；高兴地 burn v. 燃烧；着火 throw v. 猛动身体（部位）；扔；抛 quick adj. 快的；迅速的 adv. 迅速地；快速地 aid n. & v. 帮助；援助 tonight adv. 在今晚 n. 今夜；今晚 sadly adv. 伤心地；令人遗憾 smoke n. 烟 v. 吸烟；冒烟 luckily adv. 幸运地 badly adv. 严重地 harm n. & v. 伤害；损害 pill n. 药丸；药片 harmful adj. 有害的 hit v. 碰撞；击；打 n. 打；击；击中 shock n. 震惊；令人震惊的事 v. 使震惊；使惊愕 bleed v. 流血；出血 check v. 检查；查明 n. 检查；调查 nervously adv. 紧张不安地 二、需了解熟悉的单词： nosebleed n. 鼻出血 bruised adj. 受了瘀伤的 mask n. 口罩 injury n. 伤害；损伤 fry v. 油炸；油煎；油炒 stove n. 厨房灶具；炉子 flame n. 火焰 panic n. 惊恐；恐慌 onto prep. 向；朝 roll v. (使）翻滚；滚动 extinguisher n. 灭火器 tight adj. 疼痛的；憋气的；紧的；牢固的 peanut n. 花生 allergic adj. 过敏的 单词变形 1. press v. 压；按；挤；推 → pressure n. 压力；压迫 2. careless adj. 不小心的；粗心的 → carelessness n. 粗心→ careful adj 仔细的→care n. 关心，在意 3. medicine n. 药；医学 → medical adj. 医学的；医疗的 4. description n. 描写；形容 → describe v. 描述；形容 5. patient n. 病人；adj. 有耐心的 → patience n. 耐心；忍耐 → patiently adv. 耐心地 6. injury n. 伤害；损伤 → injure v. 伤害；损害 → injured adj. 受伤的 7. illness n. 疾病 → ill adj. 生病的；坏的 8. knife n.刀 →knives （pl.） 9. clear adj. 清晰的；清楚的；v. 清理 → clearly adv. 清晰地；明显地 10. pain n. 疼痛；痛苦 → painful adj. 疼痛的；痛苦的 11. brightness n. 亮度 → bright adj. 明亮的；聪明的 → brightly adv. 明亮地；鲜明地 12. environment n. 环境 → environmental adj. 环境的；有关环境的 13. cross v. 穿越；横过；交叉 → crossing n. 十字路口；交叉处 →across adv.在对过；在对面；横过 prep.穿过 14. happily adv. 快乐地；高兴地 → happy adj. 快乐的；幸福的 → happiness n. 幸福；快乐 15. burn v.燃烧；着火 → burnt （过去式/过去分词） 16. throw v.猛动身体（部位）；扔；抛 → threw（过去式） → thrown（过去分词） 17. quick adj. 快的；迅速的；adv. 迅速地；快速地 → quickly adv. 迅速地；很快地 18. safety n. 安全；安全处所 → safe adj. 安全的；可靠的 19. sadly adv. 伤心地；令人遗憾地 → sad adj. 悲伤的；难过的 → sadness n. 悲伤；难过 20. smoke n. 烟；v. 吸烟；冒烟 → smoker n. 吸烟者 21. luckily adv. 幸运地 → lucky adj. 幸运的；侥幸的 → luck n. 运气；幸运 22. badly adv.严重地 → worse （比较级）→ worst （最高级）→ bad adj. 坏的；糟糕的 23. harm n. & v. 伤害；损害 → harmful adj. 有害的；致伤的 → harmless adj. 无害的；无恶意的 24. lie v.平躺；平放 → lay（过去式） → lain（过去分词） → lying n. 说谎；adj. 说谎的 25. harmful adj. 有害的 → harm n. & v. 伤害；损害 → harmless adj. 无害的 26. shock n. 震惊；令人震惊的事；v. 使震惊；使惊愕 → shocking adj. 令人震惊的；可怕的 → shocked adj. 震惊的；震撼的 27. bleed v.流血；出血 → blood n. 血；血液 28. nervously adv. 紧张不安地 → nervous adj. 紧张的；焦虑的 → nervousness n. 紧张；不安 重点短语 take care of ourselves 照顾好我们自己 sore throat 喉咙痛 have a stomachache 胃痛 suffer from 受苦；受折磨 see a dentist 看牙医 take a seat 坐下 take one's temperature 给某人量体温 have the flu 患流感 stop...from doing 防止......；阻止...... take some medicine 吃药 in one's hands 由某人掌控 what's more 更有甚者；更为重要的是 catch fire 着火 turn on 接通（电流、煤气、水等）；打开 no way 不可能；没门 on fire 着火；起火 be about to 即将；正要（做某事） stop short 突然停住 first aid 急救 eat out 上馆子吃饭；在外用餐 lie down 平躺；平卧 from now on 从现在起 avoid doing sth 避免做某事 hurt oneself 伤到自己 enjoy oneself 玩得开心 act out 表演 turn off 关掉 call for help 呼救 核心句式 1. 怎么了？ What’s wrong? / What s the matter? 2. 我胃痛。 I have a stomachache. 3. 我喉咙痛。 I'm suffering frorn a sore throat. 4. 让我给你量量体温。 Let me take your temperature. 5. 你应该吃点药，多喝水。 You should take some medicine and drink enough water. 6. 它防止我们轻易地将流感病毒传染给他人。 It stops us from passing the flu virus to others easily. 7. 下次你不应该吃那么多。 You shouldn't eat so much next time. 8. 事实上，你应该避免过于频繁地使用手机。 In fact, you should avoid using your phone too often. 9. 你应该去看牙医。 目前你可以吃些软食。 You should see a dentist. You could eat some soft food for now. 10. 多亏了他在学校上的急救和安全课，他知道水会让油火变得更严重！ Thanks to the first aid and safety classes he took at school, he knew that water could make oil fires much worse! 11. 下次要更加小心。如果我们不小心，我们很容易受伤。 Be more careful next time.If we are not careful,we can easily hurt ourselves. 12. 母亲住院期间，我们无法享受生活。 We couldn't enjoy ourselves while our mother was in hospital. 13. 艾伦正要这么做，突然停了下来。 Allen was about to do so when he stopped short. 14. 突然，有什么东西重重地撞到她，把她撞倒在地。 Suddenly, something hit her hard and threw her to the ground. 15. “从现在起，我会更好地照顾自己。”马克承诺道。 “I'll take better care of myself from now on"Mark promised. Section A 词句语篇重点知识解析： 一、Section A部分语篇翻译： 语篇Section A 3a Doctor: Take a seat, Helen. How are you feeling? Helen: Not good... I have a runny nose and a fever. Doctor: Let me take your temperature... Oh, it's quite high. Helen: Yes, it started yesterday. I felt so cold, and I didn't have much energy. When I tried to get out of bed, I almost fell and hurt myself. My throat hurts too. Doctor: Let's see. Yes, the back of your throat looks very red. We'll need to do a test, but I believe you have the flu. It's flu season. Helen: What should I do, Doctor? Doctor: You should take some medicine and drink enough water. Helen: OK, thank you. Can I go to school tomorrow? Doctor: No, you should rest at home. When you're outside, please wear a mask. It stops us from passing the flu virus to others easily. Helen: I will! Doctor: And remember, your health is in your hands. If you take good care of yourself, you'll get better soon. 医生：请坐，海伦。你感觉怎么样？ 海伦：不太好…… 我流鼻涕，还发烧。 医生：让我给你量量体温……哦，体温很高。 海伦：是的，昨天就开始了。我感觉很冷，而且没什么力气。当我试图从床上 起来时，差点摔倒伤到自己。我的喉咙也疼。 医生：让我看看。是的，你的喉咙后部看起来很红。我们需要做个检查，但我 认为你得了流感。现在是流感季节。 海伦：医生，我该怎么办？ 医生：你应该吃点药，多喝水。 海伦：好的，谢谢。我明天能去上学吗？ 医生：不行，你应该在家休息。当你在外面的时候，请戴上口罩。它能防止我 们轻易地把流感病毒传给别人。 海伦：我会的！ 医生：还有记住，健康掌握在你自己手中。如果你好好照顾自己，你很快就会 好起来的。 二、Section A部分教材词句重难点解析： 1、How do we take care of ourselves? 我们该如何照顾好自己？ （1）ourselves pron. 我们自己 ourselves指代主语 “我们” 自身，可作宾语、表语。 【构词法】由our（adj. 我们的）+ selves（反身代词后缀）构成。 【短语、固定搭配】by ourselves 独自；单独 hurt ourselves 伤到我们自己 enjoy ourselves 玩得开心 例：We can finish the work by ourselves.（我们可以独自完成这项工作。） We enjoyed ourselves at the party last night.（昨晚我们在派对上玩得很开心。） 2、I'm suffering frorn a sore throat. 我喉咙痛。 （1）suffer v. 受苦；遭受 suffer意为“受苦；遭受”，作及物动词时，后直接接表示 “损失、痛苦” 的名词；作不及物动词时，常与介词from搭配构成短语suffer from。 例：They suffered a lot in the heavy rain.（他们在大雨中吃了很多苦。） 【常见短语、固定搭配】suffer from... 受…… 苦；受…… 折磨 例：My grandfather suffers from a bad cough in winter.（我爷爷冬天总是咳嗽得厉害。） She suffered from hunger when she was young.（她小时候忍饥挨饿。） （2）sore adj. 疼痛的；酸痛的 sore形容词，主要用来修饰身体部位，与身体部位名词搭配使用，特指肌肉、关节等的酸痛或轻微外伤带来的疼痛。 【常见短语、固定搭配】“sore + 身体部位”，意为“哪里痛” have + a sore +表示身体部位的名词”表示“……酸痛”。 例：a sore throat 喉咙痛 a sore leg 腿疼 a sore arm 胳膊酸痛 I have a sore back and I can't stand up straight.（我背疼，没法站直。） 3、I have a stomachache. 我胃疼。 （1）stomachache n. 胃痛；肚子疼 stomachache表示胃部的疼痛，由stomach（n. 胃）+ ache（n. 疼痛）构成。像这样的词还有：headache（头痛）、toothache（牙痛）、earache（耳痛）。 例：Tom has a stomachache, so he doesn't want to eat anything.（汤姆胃疼，什么都不想吃。） 【常见短语、固定搭配】have + a/an +“表示身体部位的名词+ ache”表示“……痛”。 “have + a/an/the +表示疾病的名词”表示“患......病”。 例：have a fever发烧、have a cold患感冒、have a cough咳嗽、have the flu患流感 have a headache头痛、have a toothache牙痛、have a stomachache 胃痛；肚子疼 4、What's wrong? / What's the matter?怎么了?/出什么事了? 句型：What's wrong (with sb./sth.)? / What's the matter (with sb./sth.)? 有如下的用法： (1)用于询问某人遇到什么问题或麻烦。 —What's wrong with Jim?吉姆怎么了? —He left his homework at home.他把家庭作业落在家里了。 (2)用于询问某人身体上哪里不舒服。 —What's wrong/the matter?怎么了? —I have a headache.我头痛。 (3)用于询问某物出了什么问题或故障。 —What's the matter with this clock? 这个时钟 怎么了? —It doesn't work.它坏了。 5、press down on your nose. 压住你的鼻子。 （1）press v. 压；按；挤；推 press动词，意为 “按压、按动”。 例：Please press the green button to start the machine.（请按绿色按钮启动机器。） 【常见短语、固定搭配】press the button 按按钮 press down(on sth.) 向下按压(某物) 【易混词辨析】press和push press 侧重 “轻按、按压”（如按钮、门铃），动作幅度小； push 侧重 “推”（如门、车），动作幅度较大，强调使物体移动。 例：Press the switch.（按开关。） Push the box to the corner.（把箱子推到角落。） 6、Avoid soft drinks for now as the gas could make the ache worse. 暂时避免饮用软饮料，因为其中的气体可能会使疼痛加剧。 （1）avoid v. 避免；防止 avoid动词，意为“避免；防止”。 注意avoid后接名词、代词或动名词，不能接不定式（to do）。 【常见短语、固定搭配】avoid doing sth. 避免做某事 例：We should avoid making mistakes in the exam.（我们应该避免在考试中犯错。） 7、Accidents can happen when we're careless. 我们粗心大意时，就可能发生意外。 （1）careless adj. 不小心的；粗心的 careless形容词，意为“不小心的；粗心的”。 例：He is a careless boy, so he often leaves his books at home.（他是个粗心的男孩，经常把书落在家里。） 【词性变换】由care（v./n. 关心；小心）+ less构成； carelessly（adv. 粗心地）、carelessness（n. 粗心）；反义词：careful（adj. 细心的）。 【常见短语、固定搭配】be careless about 对……粗心；不在乎 be careless with 对……不小心（后接物品/事情） be careless of 不顾及……（后接他人感受等） 8、Take a seat, Helen. 海伦，请坐。 “Take a seat”意为“请坐”，相当于sit down，多用于招待、正式场合等 例：Please take a seat, sir. The manager will come soon.（先生请坐，经理马上就来。） 【近义短语辨析】take one's seat和take a seat take one's seat 是特指，强调 “坐在自己的位置上”；take a seat 是泛指，仅表示 “坐下”，无指定座位的含义。 例：Please take your seat, class is going to begin.（请回到自己的座位，马上要上课了。） He took his seat quietly in the library.（他在图书馆安静地坐到了自己的位置上。） 【短语拓展】take one's temperature 给某人量体温 例：The nurse took my temperature in the hospital.（护士在医院给我量了体温。） Let me take your temperature, you look like you have a fever.（我给你量个体温吧，你看着像发烧了。） 9、 We'll need to do a test, but I believe you have the flu. 我们需要进行一次测试，但我认为你可能是得了流感。 （1）test n. & v. 检查；测验 test可作名词，意为“检查；测验”，作动词，意为“检查；测验”。 例：We will have a math test tomorrow.（我们明天有一场数学小测。） The doctor tested my eyes yesterday.（医生昨天给我检查了眼睛。） 【常见短语、固定搭配】 have a test 进行测验 take /do a test 参加测验 test sb. on sth. 就某事测试某人 pass / fail a test（通过/未通过测验） 10、 You should take some medicine and drink enough water. 你应该吃点药，并喝足够的水。 （1）medicine n. 药；医学 medicine 作名词，表“药”的总称时为不可数名词，表“具体种类的药”时可数，表“医学”时为抽象不可数名词。 例：Take some medicine and you will feel better soon.（吃点药，你很快就会好的。） He wants to study medicine in college.（他想在大学里学医学。） 【常见短语、固定搭配】 take medicine 吃药 traditional Chinese medicine 中药 例：You must take medicine after meals.（你必须饭后吃药。） 【词性变换】medical adj. 医学的；医疗的；药用的 例：This hospital has good medical service.（这家医院有优质的医疗服务。） 11、 It stops us from passing the flu virus to others easily. 它阻止我们轻易将流感病毒传染给他人。 （1）stop sb./sth. (from) doing sth. 防止......；阻止...... “stop sb./sth. (from) doing sth.”意为 “防止某人 / 某物做某事；阻止某人 / 某物做某事”，from 可以省略。 例：My mother stops me (from) playing computer games too much.（妈妈阻止我长时间玩电脑游戏。） The heavy rain stopped us (from) going out for a walk.（大雨让我们没法外出散步。） 【近义短语，易混词辨析】 keep sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事（from 不可省略，省略后意为 “让某人一直做某事”）例：The rules prevent students (from) fighting at school.（校规禁止学生在学校打架。） We must keep children from danger.（我们必须让孩子远离危险。） 12、Helen's descriptions of her problems. 海伦对她的问题的描述。 （1）description n. 描写；形容 description 作可数名词，意为 “描写；形容；描述”。 例：She gave a clear description of the lost boy.（她清晰地描述了那个走失的男孩。） We have different descriptions of the same event.（我们对同一件事有不同的描述。） 【词性变换】describe v. 描写；描述；形容 例：Can you describe your new school to me?（你能给我描述一下你的新学校吗？） 【常见短语、固定搭配】give a description of 对…… 进行描述 a detailed description 详细的描述 例：The police asked him to give a detailed description of the thief.（警察让他详细描述一下小偷的样子。） 13、patient n. 病人 adj. 有耐心的 patient 作名词时，意为 “病人”；作形容词时，意为 “有耐心的”。 例：The patient is getting better day by day.（这位病人一天比一天好。） A good teacher must be patient with students.（一位好老师必须对学生有耐心。） 【词性变换】patience n. 耐心；耐性 patiently adv. 耐心地 impatient adj. 没有耐心的；不耐烦的 例：He has no patience for waiting.（他没有耐心等待。） The teacher explained the problem patiently to us.（老师耐心地给我们讲解这道题。） 【常见短语、固定搭配】treat patients 治疗病人 be patient with sb. 对某人有耐心 be patient to do sth. 耐心做某事 例：Doctors and nurses work hard to treat patients every day.（医生和护士每天努力治疗病人。）She is patient to teach the little girl to read.（她耐心地教小女孩读书。） 14、Asking about injuries/illnesses. 询问伤病情况。 （1）injury n. 伤害；损伤 injury 作可数名词，意为 “伤害；损伤”，多指身体上的外伤或损伤，也可指精神上的伤害。例：He got a serious injury in the car accident.（他在车祸中受了重伤。） The player had a slight injury on his leg.（这位运动员的腿受了轻伤。） 【常见短语、固定搭配】 suffer an injury 遭受伤害 a serious injury 重伤 例：Many people suffered injuries in the fire.（很多人在火灾中受了伤。） 【词性变换】injure v. 伤害；使受伤 injured adj. 受伤的 例：A falling stone injured his foot.（一块掉落的石头砸伤了他的脚。） The injured people were sent to the hospital at once.（受伤的人立刻被送去了医院。） （2）illness n. 生病；疾病 illness 作名词，表生病的状态时为不可数名词；表具体的某种疾病时为可数名词。 例：Her serious illness made her miss a lot of lessons.（她重病缠身，缺了很多课。） He had many strange illnesses when he was a child.（他小时候得过很多怪病。） 【构词法和词性变换】构词法：illness由“ill + -ness (名词后缀)”构成。 kind(友好的)+ -ness→kindness(仁慈；善良) happy(幸福的)+-ness→happiness (幸福) ill adj. 生病的；坏的 例：My mother is ill in bed.（我妈妈卧病在床。） 【常见短语、固定搭配】suffer from an illness 患病 recover from an illness 从疾病中恢复 例：She suffered from a bad illness last year.（她去年得了一场重病。） 15、Her clearest memory is not of the race itself, but the terrible pain in her legs the next day. 她最清晰的记忆不是比赛本身，而是第二天双腿的剧烈疼痛。 （1）clear adj. 清晰的；清楚的 v. 清理 clear 作形容词时，可指声音、画面、表达、思路等 “清晰的；清楚的”，也可指天气 “晴朗的”；作动词时，意为 “清理；清除”。 例：The teacher’s voice is very clear in class.（课堂上老师的声音很清晰。） Please clear the dirty dishes from the table.（请把桌子上的脏盘子清理掉。） 【常见短语、固定搭配】make sth. clear 把某事说清楚 clear up 清理；（天气）放晴 clear out 清理；搬出 例：Please make your idea clear to us.（请把你的想法跟我们说清楚。） The sky cleared up after the rain.（雨后天放晴了。） 【构词法和词性变换】clearly adv. 清楚地；清晰地 clarity n. 清晰；清楚 例：She speaks English clearly.（她的英语说得很清楚。） （2）pain n.疼痛；痛苦 pain 作名词，可表身体上的疼痛，也可表泛指的疼痛（不可数）；也可指精神上的难过。 例：I have a sharp pain in my stomach.（我的胃疼得厉害。） She felt great pain after losing her pet.（失去宠物后，她感到无比痛苦。） 【常见短语、固定搭配】in pain 处于痛苦中 “have a pain in +身体部位” 某个部位疼 例：The old man is in great pain after the operation.（老人手术后处于剧痛中。） 【词性变换】painful adj. 疼痛的；痛苦的 例：My leg is painful after the long run.（长跑后我的腿很疼。） 16、what's more 更有甚者；更为重要的是 what's more 意为 “更有甚者；更为重要的是；此外”，为插入语，用于补充说明更多信息，使表达更递进，可放在句中（前后用逗号隔开）或句首（后用逗号隔开）。 例：He is good at English. What's more, he can speak French well.（他英语很好，此外，他法语也说得很棒。） What's more, you must finish the work before dinner.（更重要的是，你必须在晚饭前完成这项工作。） 【近义短语，易混词辨析】 besides 此外；而且（口语化，可放句首 / 句中） in addition 另外；此外（书面化，放句首后接逗号） furthermore 此外（较正式，初中了解即可） 例：Besides, we have no extra time for this task.（此外，我们没有多余的时间做这项任务。）In addition, she is a good singer.（另外，她还是个很棒的歌手。） 17、and you certainly shouldn't look at it when you cross the road! 而且你过马路时绝对不能看它！ （1）cross v. 穿越；横过；交叉 cross 作动词为“穿越；横过”，后直接接表示道路、河流、桥梁等的名词，相当于go across；也可表 “交叉；相交”，指物体交错摆放。 例：Please cross the street at the zebra crossing.（请走斑马线过马路。） The two roads cross at the square.（这两条路在广场交汇。） 【常见短语、固定搭配】cross the road/street 过马路 cross one's arms 交叉双臂 例：Please cross out the wrong words in the passage.（请把短文中的错词划掉。） He stood there with his arms crossed.（他交叉着双臂站在那里。） 【构词法和词性变换】 across prep. 穿过；横过 crossing n. 十字路口；交叉口 例：Go across the bridge and turn right.（走过这座桥然后右转。） Turn left at the first crossing near the park.（在公园附近的第一个十字路口左转。） Section B 词句语篇重点知识解析： 一、Section B部分语篇翻译： Section A, 1b A Cooking Accident James lived in the city with his friend Allen. It was their first time living away from their families, and they enjoyed learning how to do many things themselves. One Saturday, James decided to make fried chicken. First, he poured oil into a pan. Then he turned on the stove and left the oil to heat while he prepared the chicken. Just then, he heard the front door open, followed by the sound of Allen singing. "Guess what," Allen called out happily. "We won!" "No way!" James followed him into the living room. He wanted to hear all about the football game! Suddenly, Allen stopped talking and looked up. "Hey, do you smell something burning?" "Oh no!" They both rushed back into the kitchen. The pan was on fire! Large flames were jumping into the air. In a panic, James turned off the stove at once. But he was so close to the pan that a flame jumped onto his shirt. James cried out and threw himself to the floor. He put out the fire by rolling on the ground, but the pan was still burning!" Get water, quick!" he shouted. Allen was about to do so when he stopped short. Thanks to the first aid and safety classes he took at school, he knew that water could make oil fires much worse! Instead, he ran to the living room to get the fire extinguisher. In seconds, the fire in the burning pan was put out. "Are you OK?" Allen asked his friend. "I think so," James said. It was lucky that his shirt wasn't too thin! His arm was red, but it didn't hurt very much. "Maybe we should eat out tonight," James said as he ran cool water over his arm. "Sure, we could do that. What do you want?" "Anything but fried chicken," he said sadly. 一次烹饪事故 詹姆斯和他的朋友艾伦一起住在城市里。这是他们第一次离开家人生活，他们很喜欢学习自己动手做很多事。 一个星期六，詹姆斯决定做炸鸡。首先，他往平底锅里倒了油。然后他打开炉灶，在准备鸡肉的时候让油加热。就在这时，他听到前门开了，接着是艾伦唱歌的声音。 “你猜怎么着，” 艾伦高兴地喊道，“我们赢了！” “不可能吧！” 詹姆斯跟着他走进客厅。他想听听关于足球比赛的一切！突然，艾伦停止了说话，抬起头。 “嘿，你闻到有东西烧焦的味道了吗？” “哦，不！” 他们俩都冲回厨房。平底锅着火了！熊熊大火蹿到了空中。惊慌之下，詹姆斯立刻关掉了炉灶。但他离平底锅太近了，一团火焰跳到了他的衬衫上。詹姆斯大叫一声，扑倒在地上。他在地上打滚扑灭了身上的火，但平底锅里的火还在烧！ “快去弄点水来！” 他喊道。 艾伦正要去做，却突然停了下来。多亏了他在学校上过的急救和安全课程，他知道水会让油火变得更严重！相反，他跑到客厅去拿灭火器。几秒钟后，燃烧的平底锅里的火就被扑灭了。 “你还好吗？” 艾伦问他的朋友。 “我想还好，” 詹姆斯说。幸运的是，他的衬衫不是很薄！他的胳膊红了，但不是很疼。 “也许我们今晚应该出去吃，” 詹姆斯一边往胳膊上冲凉水一边说。 “当然可以，我们可以那样做。你想吃什么？” “除了炸鸡什么都行，” 他难过地说。 Section B, 3a One Saturday, Julie invited Mark and Lucy to her house for lunch. Her parents weren't home, so they had it all to themselves. They ordered pizza, salad, and juice. But in the middle of the meal, Mark started to feel strange. His face felt warm, and his throat felt tight. "Were there any peanuts in our food?" he asked nervously. "I think I tasted peanuts in the salad," said Julie. "What's the matter?" "Oh no, I'm allergic to peanuts!" Mark cried. His friends jumped into action and took him to the hospital at once. At the hospital, Mark's friends told Dr Cooper what happened, and she gave Mark some medicine right away. When Mark felt better, the doctor asked him some questions and gave him some advice. "I'll take better care of myself from now on," Mark promised. It was a day he would never forget. 一个星期六，朱莉邀请马克和露西去她家吃午饭。她的父母不在家，所以就他们几个（单独相处）。他们点了披萨、沙拉和果汁。但吃到一半时，马克开始感觉不对劲。他觉得脸发烫，喉咙发紧。 “我们的食物里有花生吗？” 他紧张地问道。 “我觉得我在沙拉里尝到了花生，” 朱莉说，“怎么了？” “哦，不，我对花生过敏！” 马克叫道。他的朋友们立即行动起来，马上把他送到了医院。 在医院里，马克的朋友们把发生的事告诉了库珀医生，她立刻给马克用了些药。当马克感觉好些了，医生问了他一些问题并给了他一些建议。 “从现在起，我会更好地照顾自己。” 马克承诺道。这是他永远不会忘记的一天。 二、Section B部分教材词句重难点解析： 18、Then he turned on the stove and left the oil to heat while he prepared the chicken.然后他打开炉子，让油加热，同时开始准备鸡肉。 （1）turn on 接通（电流、煤气、水等）；打开 turn on意为 “接通；打开” 。通常用于打开电器、接通水电煤气等场景。 注意：turn on属于 “动词 + 副词” 型短语，后接名词作宾语时，名词可放在 turn 与 on 之间或 on 之后；若接代词作宾语，代词只能放在 turn 与 on 之间。 例：Please turn on the light.（请把灯打开。） The radio is too quiet. Turn it on a little.（收音机太轻了，把它开大声一点。） 【短语拓展】中心词 turn 其他常见的固定短语还有： turn up 调大（音量、温度等）；出现turn down 调小（音量、温度等）；拒绝turn around 转身；回头 例：He turned around and saw his mother.（他一回头看到了妈妈。） Turn up the music, please.（请把音乐调大。） She turned down his invitation.（她拒绝了他的邀请。） 19、“No way!”James followed him into the living room. “不可能！”詹姆斯跟着他进了客厅。 （1）no way 不可能；没门 no way 意为 “不可能；没门”，多用于坚决拒绝对方的请求、想法。 例：No way! I won't lend you my phone.（没门！我不会把手机借给你的。） You want to finish the work in an hour? No way.（你想一小时内做完这项工作？不可能。） 20、Hey, do you smell something burning? 嘿，你闻到什么东西烧焦的味道了吗？ （1）burn v. 燃烧；着火 burn 作动词，意为 “燃烧；着火”。注意：其过去式和过去分词为burnt和burnt。 例：Dry wood burns very quickly.（干木头烧得很快。） He burnt a piece of paper in the fire.（他在火里烧了一张纸。） 【常见短语、固定搭配】burn down 烧毁；烧塌 burn out 烧尽；燃尽burn up 烧光；烧旺 例：The old house burned down in the fire.（那座老房子在大火中烧毁了。） The candle burned out at midnight.（蜡烛在半夜燃尽了。） Add some wood to burn the fire up.（加些木头让火烧得更旺。） 21、In a panic, James turned off the stove at once. 惊慌之下，詹姆斯立刻关掉了炉子。 （1）panic n. 惊恐；恐慌 panic 作名词时，意为 “惊恐；恐慌”，可作不可数名词，也可与不定冠词连用构成a panic（一阵恐慌） 例：She got into a panic when she lost her way.（她迷路后陷入了恐慌。） 【常见短语、固定搭配】in a panic 惊慌地；处于恐慌中get into a panic 陷入恐慌 例：He ran out of the room in a panic.（他惊慌地跑出了房间。） People got into a panic when the alarm rang.（警报响时，人们陷入了恐慌。） 22. James cried out and threw himself to the floor. 詹姆斯大叫一声，扑倒在地。 （1）throw v. 猛动身体（部位）；扔；抛 throw 作动词，意为 “扔；抛；投”，也可指 “猛动身体（部位）”，其过去式为threw，过去分词为thrown。 例：He threw a ball to his little brother.（他把球扔给了弟弟。） She threw her hands up in surprise.（她惊讶地举起了双手。） 【常见短语、固定搭配】throw away 扔掉；丢弃throw at sb/sth 朝…… 扔（带有攻击性） throw to sb/sth 扔给……（表传递） 例：Don't throw away the old books.（别把旧书扔掉。） It's not polite to throw stones at the animals.（朝动物扔石头是不礼貌的。） He threw the pen to me across the desk.（他隔着桌子把笔扔给了我。） 23. Allen was about to do so when he stopped short. 艾伦正要这么做，却突然停住了。 （1）be about to 即将；正要（做某事） be about to 意为 “即将；正要做某事”，为固定短语，后接动词原形，侧重表示动作马上就要发生，通常不与具体的时间状语连用。 例：I was about to go to bed when the phone rang.（我正要睡觉，电话突然响了。） They are about to start their trip.（他们即将开始旅行。） 24.Thanks to the first aid and safety classes he took at school. 这要归功于他在学校上过的急救和安全课程。 （1）aid n. & v. 帮助；援助 aid 作名词时，意为 “帮助；援助”；作动词时，意为 “帮助；援助”。 例：We need your aid to finish the work.（我们需要你的帮助来完成这项工作。） She aided me with my English study.（她帮助我学习英语。） 【常见短语、固定搭配】aid sb with sth 帮助某人做某事in aid of 为了帮助…… aid sb to do sth 帮助某人做某事first aid 急救give first aid to sb 为某人实施急救 例：My teacher aided me with my math problems.（老师帮我解答数学题。） The activity is in aid of the poor children.（这项活动是为了帮助贫困儿童。） He aided her to carry the heavy box.（他帮她搬那个重箱子。） First aid is very important in an accident.（急救在事故中至关重要。） We should learn some basic first aid.（我们应该学一些基础的急救知识。） The doctor gave first aid to the hurt man at once.（医生立刻为受伤的男子实施了急救。） 25. “Anything but fried chicken”he said sadly. “除了炸鸡，什么都行”他悲伤地说。 （1）sadly adv. 伤心地；令人遗憾 sadly 作副词，意为 “伤心地；令人遗憾地”。 例：She cried sadly when she heard the bad news.（听到这个坏消息，她伤心地哭了。） Sadly, he didn't pass the exam.（令人遗憾的是，他考试没及格。） 【词性变换】sad adj. 伤心的；难过的 sadness n. 伤心；难过 例：She is sad about her cat's death.（她为猫咪的去世感到难过。） Her sadness made all of us feel bad.（她的伤心让我们所有人都心情沉重。） 26、Luckily, James was not badly hurt. 幸运的是，詹姆斯伤得不重。 （1）luckily adv. 幸运地 luckily 作副词，意为 “幸运地”，可修饰动词，放在动词后；也可修饰整个句子，放在句首，用逗号与主句隔开。 例：Luckily, I caught the last bus home.（幸运的是，我赶上了回家的末班车。） He luckily found his lost key in the park.（他幸运地在公园里找到了丢失的钥匙。） 【构词法和词性变换】 luck n. 运气（不可数） lucky adj. 幸运的 unlucky adj. 不幸的 unluckily adv. 不幸地 例：Good luck to you in the match!（祝你比赛好运！） He is a lucky boy to win the prize.（他是个幸运的孩子，赢得了奖品。） （2）badly adv.严重地 badly 作副词，意为 “严重地，非常”。其比较级为worse，最高级为worst。 例：He was badly hurt in the car accident.（他在车祸中受了重伤。） I badly need a glass of water.（我非常需要一杯水。） She did worse in the test than last time.（她这次考试比上次考得更差。） 【词性变换】 bad adj. 坏的；严重的 例：The weather is bad today.（今天天气很差。） 27.What should we do to keep ourselves safe from harm? 我们应该做些什么来保护自己免受伤害？ （1）harm n. & v. 伤害；损害 harm 作名词时，意为 “伤害；损害”，为不可数名词；作动词时，意为 “伤害；损害”，多指对身体、健康、利益等的轻微伤害或损害。 例：Smoking does great harm to your health.（吸烟对你的健康有很大损害。） Don't harm the small animals in the park.（不要伤害公园里的小动物。） 【常见短语、固定搭配】do harm to sb/sth 对某人 / 某物造成伤害 / 损害 be harmful to sb/sth 对某人 / 某物有害 例：Eating too much candy does harm to your teeth.（吃太多糖果对你的牙齿有害。） Noise pollution is harmful to our ears.（噪音污染对我们的耳朵有害。） 【词性变换】harmful adj. 有害的 harmless adj. 无害的 例：This kind of plant is harmful to humans.（这种植物对人类有害。） The little dog is harmless, don't be afraid of it.（这只小狗是无害的，别害怕。） 28. Suddenly, something hit her hard and threw her to the ground. 突然，有什么东西重重地撞到她，把她撞倒在地。 （1）hit v. 碰撞；击；打 n. 打；击；击中 hit 作动词，意为 “碰撞；击；打”，其过去式和过去分词均为hit；作名词时，意为 “打；击；击中”，为可数名词。 例：He hit the ball hard with the bat.（他用球棒用力击球。） The car hit a big tree by the road.（汽车撞到了路边的一棵大树。） He got a hit on the head with a stone.（他的头被石头砸了一下。） 【常见短语、固定搭配】hit sb on the +身体部位 打在某人的……部位 hit against sth 撞到某物上 例：The boy hit me on the arm.（那个男孩打在了我的胳膊上。） She ran too fast and hit against the wall.（她跑得太快，撞到了墙上。） 29.She was suffering from shock and her arm was bleeding. 她受了惊吓，手臂在流血。 （1）shock n. 震惊；令人震惊的事 v. 使震惊；使惊愕 shock 作名词时，意为 “震惊；惊愕”，为不可数名词，也可指 “令人震惊的事”（可数）；作动词时，意为 “使震惊；使惊愕”。 例：We were all in great shock at the news.（听到这个消息，我们都大为震惊。） The bad news shocked the whole class.（这个坏消息让全班同学都感到震惊。） 【词性变换】shocked adj. 感到震惊的（修饰人） shocking adj. 令人震惊的（修饰物） 例：I was shocked at the shocking news.（我对这个令人震惊的消息感到震惊。） 【常见短语、固定搭配】in shock 处于震惊中 例：He sat there in shock and didn't say a word.（他震惊地坐在那里，一言不发。） （2）bleed v. 流血；出血 bleed 作动词，意为 “流血；出血”，其过去式和过去分词均为bled。 例：His nose started to bleed when he fell down.（他摔倒后鼻子开始流血。） The cut on his hand bled a lot.（他手上的伤口流了很多血。） 【词性变换】blood n. 血；血液（不可数） 例：There is some blood on the floor.（地板上有一些血。） 【常见短语、固定搭配】bleed to death 流血而死 bleed for sb/sth 为…… 流血；为…… 牺牲 例：The poor man almost bled to death in the accident.（那个可怜的男人在事故中差点流血而死。） Many soldiers bled for their country.（许多士兵为祖国流血牺牲。） 30. At the hospital,the doctor checked Kelly's arm carefully. 在医院里，医生仔细检查了凯莉的手臂。 （1）check v. 检查；查明 n. 检查；调查 check 作动词，意为 “检查；查明；核对”；作名词时，意为 “检查；调查；核对”。 例：Please check your answers before you hand in the paper.（交卷前请检查你的答案。） The doctor did a body check for me.（医生为我做了一次身体检查。） 【常见短语、固定搭配】check out （酒店）办理退房手续；结账离开 check in （在酒店、机场）登记；办理入住 / 登机手续 check up on sb/sth 检查；核实某人 / 某物 例：We check in at the hotel at 4 pm.（我们下午四点在酒店办理入住。） Please check out before 12 o'clock at noon.（请在中午 12 点前办理退房。） The teacher checked up on our homework carefully.（老师仔细检查了我们的作业。） 31. “Were there any peanuts in our food?”he asked nervously. “我们的食物里有花生吗？”他紧张地问。 （1）nervously adv. 紧张不安地 nervously 作副词，意为 “紧张不安地”。 例：She spoke nervously in front of the whole school.（她在全校面前紧张地发言。） 【词性变换】nervousness n. 紧张；焦虑 nervous adj. 紧张的；焦虑的 例：He is nervous about the English speech contest.（他对英语演讲比赛感到紧张。） Her nervousness made her forget her words.（她的紧张让她忘词了。） 32.“I'll take better care of myself from now on"Mark promised. “从现在起，我会更好地照顾自己。”马克承诺道。 （1）from now on 从现在起 from now on 意为 “从现在起；从今以后”，作时间状语，通常用于一般将来时的句子中。 例：From now on, I will study hard every day.（从现在起，我会每天努力学习。） We must keep our classroom clean from now on.（从今以后，我们必须保持教室干净。） 【易混短语辨析】from then on from then on 侧重 “从那时开始”，句子用一般过去时。 例：From then on, they became the best friends.（从那时起，他们成了最好的朋友。） 一、单项选择 1．The children enjoyed ________ at the party last night. A．them B．they C．themselves D．their 【答案】C 【详解】句意：昨晚的派对上，孩子们玩得很开心。 考查代词辨析。them他们（宾格）；they他们（主格）；themselves他们自己（反身代词）；their他们的（形容词性物主代词）。enjoy oneself是固定搭配，意为“玩得开心”，此处主语为the children，对应的反身代词应为themselves。故选C。 2．—How long ________ you ________ a cold? —For three days. I need to see a doctor. A．do; have B．have; had C．did; have D．have; been having 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你感冒多久了？——三天了。我需要去看医生。 考查现在完成时。根据答语“For three days.”可知，感冒持续了三天，强调从过去持续到现在的状态，应用现在完成时。故选B。 3．—We are going to have a picnic tomorrow. What’s the weather like, Mike? —Why not ________ the radio and listen to the weather report? A．turn on B．turn off C．take away 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——我们明天要去野餐。天气怎么样，迈克？——为什么不打开收音机听天气预报呢？ 考查动词短语辨析。turn on打开；turn off关闭；take away拿走。根据“listen to the weather report”可知，要听天气预报需要先打开收音机。故选A。 4．—My little brother always asks me the same question again and again. —Well, please be ________ with him. He's just a kid. A．angry B．polite C．patient D．familiar 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我的小弟弟总是反复问我同一个问题。——好吧，请对他耐心点。他只是个孩子。 考查形容词辨析。angry生气的；polite有礼貌的；patient耐心的；familiar熟悉的。根据答句后半句“He’s just a kid.”可知，因为对方是小孩，所以建议对方要“耐心”对待。故选C。 5．—According to the study, the light pollution (污染) does ________ to birds. —Yes, it will make them lose the sense of direction at night. A．harm B．attention C．training D．advice 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——根据研究，光污染对鸟类有害。——是的，它会让它们在夜间失去方向感。 考查名词辨析。harm伤害；attention注意；training训练；advice建议。根据答语“it will make them lose the sense of direction at night.”可知，光污染对鸟类是有害的，do harm to sb./sth.是固定搭配，意为“对……有害”。故选A。 6．Your temperature is 39℃. You have a ________ and I think you should rest and drink enough water. A．toothache B．headache C．stomachache D．fever 【答案】D 【详解】句意：你的体温是39℃。你发烧了，我认为你应该休息并喝足够的水。 考查名词辨析。toothache牙痛；headache头痛；stomachache胃痛；fever发烧。根据前句“Your temperature is 39℃.”可知，这是发烧的典型症状，且后文建议休息和喝水也是针对发烧的常见处理方式。故选D。 7．Jack almost missed the train this morning. ________, it began to move just after he got on. A．Sadly B．Certainly C．Suddenly D．Luckily 【答案】D 【详解】句意：杰克今早差点错过火车。幸运的是，他刚上车火车就开始动了。 考查副词辨析。Sadly伤心地；Certainly当然；Suddenly突然；Luckily幸运地。根据“it began to move just after he got on”（他刚上车火车就开始动了）可知，这是“幸运的”情况，Luckily符合语境。故选D。 8．The next class is about ________. We have to clean the blackboard at once. A．start B．starts C．starting D．to start 【答案】D 【详解】句意：下一节课即将开始。我们得马上擦黑板。 考查非谓语动词。start开始，动词原形；starts开始，第三人称单数；starting开始，动名词/现在分词；to start开始，不定式。空格前为介词about，后面接动名词时，表示“关于……”；接不定式时，表示“即将……”。根据后文“We have to clean the blackboard at once.”可知，“必须立刻擦黑板”强调动作的紧迫性，所以应用不定式to start，表示“即将开始”。故选D。 9．—Mum, can I play games for ten more minutes? —________! You must stop to do your homework now. A．Guess what B．Come on C．No way D．Sounds great 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——妈妈，我能再玩十分钟游戏吗？——不行！你必须停下来做作业了。 考查情景交际。Guess what猜猜怎么着；Come on得了吧/加油；No way没门/不行；Sounds great听起来很棒。根据答语“You must stop to do your homework now.”可知，妈妈拒绝了孩子的请求，因此应选择表示拒绝的选项。故选C。 10．According to a scientific study, there is no doubt that music can reduce the physical ________ for patients. A．examination B．health C．pain D．manner 【答案】C 【详解】句意：根据一项科学研究，毫无疑问，音乐可以减轻病人的身体疼痛。 考查名词辨析。examination检查；health健康；pain疼痛；manner方式。根据“music can reduce the physical ... for patients”可知，音乐能减轻的应是病人的身体不适或痛苦，reduce the physical pain意为“减轻身体疼痛”。故选C。 11．—The Doubao AI is simply amazing! —Yeah, it is able to create all kinds of pictures according to people’s ________. A．descriptions B．decisions C．situations D．conditions 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——豆包AI简直太棒了！——是的，它能根据人们的描述创作出各种图片。 考查名词辨析。descriptions 描述；decisions 决定；situations 情况；conditions 条件。根据前文“create all kinds of pictures”可知，AI生成图片需要依据人们给出的文字描述，因此descriptions最符合语境。故选A。 12．—I have a ________. What should I do? —You should go to the dentist. A．toothache B．headache C．backache D．nosebleed 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——我牙疼。我该怎么办？——你应该去看牙医。 考查名词辨析。toothache牙疼；headache头疼；backache背疼；nosebleed流鼻血。根据“You should go to the dentist.”可知，只有牙疼才需要看牙医。故选A。 13．—You look unhappy, Lily. ________ —I lost my favourite book. A．What’s wrong with you? B．How are you? C．How are you doing? D．What’s your name? 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你看起来不开心，莉莉。你怎么了？——我丢了我最喜欢的书。 考查情境交际用语。What’s wrong with you你怎么了；How are you你好吗；How are you doing你最近怎么样；What’s your name你叫什么名字。根据“I lost my favourite book.”可知，对方在询问莉莉不开心的原因，只有A项符合语境。故选A。 14．If you’re ________, you’ll make lots of mistakes. A．careful B．careless C．useful D．friendly 【答案】B 【详解】句意：如果你粗心，就会犯很多错误。 考查形容词辨析。careful仔细的；careless粗心的；useful有用的；friendly友好的。根据后半句“you’ll make lots of mistakes”可知，原因应是粗心。故选B。 15．Jenny’s stomach ________ and she needs to see a doctor right now. A．walks B．aches C．shakes D．leaves 【答案】B 【详解】句意：珍妮的胃疼，她现在需要立刻去看医生。 考查动词辨析。walks走路；aches疼痛；shakes摇晃；leaves离开。根据“... she needs to see a doctor right now.”可知，她需要看医生，说明胃部不舒服，应选表示“疼痛”的动词。故选B。 二、单词拼写 16．We need to p our eyes from digital screens. 【答案】protect/rotect​ 【详解】句意：我们需要保护眼睛免受电子屏幕的伤害。根据首字母提示和“from digital screens”可知，此处表示“保护”，动词protect符合语境，且protect...from...意为“保护……免受……的伤害”。结合句型need to do sth.，需用动词原形，故填protect。 17．Mark’s t felt tight after he ate the salad with peanuts. 【答案】throat/hroat 【详解】句意：马克吃了加了花生的沙拉后，感觉喉咙发紧。根据“ate the salad with peanuts”以及“felt tight”并结合首字母提示可知，此处指的是“喉咙”，英语是throat，由“Mark’s”可知，此处用单数形式，故填throat。 18．The back of her throat looks red, so she needs to take her t . 【答案】temperature​/emperature​ 【详解】句意：她的喉咙后面看起来很红，所以她需要量体温。根据首字母提示以及“The back of her throat looks red, so she needs to take her…”可知，此处指因喉咙发红而需要检查身体是否发烧。temperature，意为“温度；体温”，符合语境。固定搭配take one’s temperature意为“量体温”。故填temperature。 19．The v can make people seriously ill, so we should wear masks in public. 【答案】virus/irus 【详解】句意：这种病毒会让人重病，所以我们应该在公共场合戴口罩。根据首字母提示和“make people seriously ill”和“wear masks in public”的语境，此处表示“病毒”，用名词virus符合语境。故填virus。 20．I hope I can get good grades in the final t . 【答案】tests/ests 【详解】句意：我希望我能在最后的测试中取得好成绩。根据“I hope I can get good grades in the final”及首字母提示可知，此处表示测试。故填tests。 21．My mum took a (药丸) for her headache and then rested on the sofa. 【答案】pill 【详解】句意：我妈妈为她的头痛吃了一颗药丸，然后在沙发上休息了。根据汉语提示“药丸”可知，pill“药丸”，可数名词；a pill“一颗药丸”，作宾语。故填pill。 22．The hospital is full of (病人) because of the bad weather. 【答案】patients 【详解】句意：由于天气恶劣，医院里到处都是病人。根据所给汉语提示可知，其对应的英文单词是patient，意为“病人”。根据“The hospital is full of…”可知，此处名词应用复数形式patients。故填patients。 23．Many people caught the (流感) last week and had to stay at home. 【答案】flu 【详解】句意：上周很多人得了流感，不得不待在家里。根据汉语提示可知，“流感”用名词flu，是不可数名词，“catch the flu”是固定短语，意为“得流感”。故填flu。 24．Don’t eat too much ice cream, or your stomach will (受苦). 【答案】suffer 【详解】句意：不要吃太多冰淇淋，否则你的胃会受苦的。根据汉语提示可知，空处应填suffer“受苦”，will后面加动词原形。故填suffer。 25．She stayed in bed all day because of a terrible (头痛). 【答案】headache 【详解】句意：她因为头痛得厉害，整天都躺在床上。根据汉语提示可知，空处应填headache“头痛”，名词。故填headache。 26．The little girl feels (tire) because she didn’t sleep well last night. 【答案】tired 【详解】句意：这个小女孩感觉很疲惫，因为她昨晚没睡好。tire“使感到疲倦”，动词，位于系动词feels之后，应使用其形容词形式tired。故填tired。 27．How (patience) the teachers in our school are! 【答案】patient 【详解】句意：我们学校的老师是多么有耐心啊！patience“耐心”，是名词，此处是感叹句，作为系动词are的表语，用形容词，结构：How+形容词+主语+谓语！故填patient。 28．The (bright) of the sun hurt my eyes. 【答案】brightness 【详解】句意：阳光的刺眼光芒刺痛了我的眼睛。根据提示可知，定冠词the后需接名词作句子主语；所给词bright是形容词，意为“明亮的”，其对应的名词形式为brightness，表“光亮；亮度”。故填brightness。 29．Her (ill) has kept her in bed for a week. We hope she’ll get better soon. 【答案】illness 【详解】句意：她的病让她卧床一周了。我们希望她快点好起来。句中“Her”为形容词性物主代词，后接名词，ill的名词形式为illness，表示疾病，此处指她的这场病，用单数形式。故填illness。 30．Can you give me a clear (describe) of your lost bike? 【答案】description 【详解】句意：你能详细描述一下你丢失的自行车吗？根据“Can you give me a clear ... of your lost bike?”可知，此处指给出详细的关于丢失的自行车的描述，应该用名词作宾语，describe的名词为description“描述”，a后跟名词单数。故填description。 31．He had several (injury) in the car accident, but luckily they were not serious. 【答案】injuries 【详解】句意：他在车祸中受了几处伤，但幸运的是并不严重。根据“several”（几个）可知，后接可数名词复数，“injury”的复数形式为“injuries”。故填injuries。 32．Be (care) when you cross the street! Look both ways first. 【答案】careful 【详解】句意：过马路时要小心！先看看两边。Be动词后接形容词作表语，表示处于某种状态，care的形容词形式为careful，表示过马路时要小心。故填careful。 33．My mother (press) my head gently when I have a headache. 【答案】presses 【详解】句意：我头疼的时候，妈妈轻轻地按压我的头。press“按压”，根据“when I have a headache”可知，此处描述经常性动作，用一般现在时，主语“My mother”是第三人称单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式presses。故填presses。 34．Don’t be (care) in the exam! You’d better check your answers carefully. 【答案】careless 【详解】句意：考试不要粗心大意！你最好仔细核对你的答案。根据“Don’t be...(care) in the exam!”可知，是在考试中不要粗心大意，careless“粗心的”，形容词作表语。故填careless。 35．They enjoyed (they) at the park yesterday. 【答案】themselves 【详解】句意：他们昨天在公园里玩得很开心。enjoy oneself“玩得开心”，为常用短语，需用反身代词。故填themselves。 三、完成句子 36．医生给了马克一些药，并建议他注意饮食。 The doctor gave Mark some medicine and him his food. 【答案】 advised to be careful with 【详解】根据中英文对比可知，此处缺“建议他注意”。“建议某人做某事”对应的常用表达结构是“advise sb. to do sth”，“注意”对应的短语为“be careful with”。句子描述过去发生的动作，所以“advise”用过去式“advised”。故填advised；to；be；careful；with。 37．他咳嗽得很厉害，需要去看医生。 He badly and needs to go to a . 【答案】 coughs doctor 【详解】根据中英文对照，①处缺“咳嗽”，②处缺“医生”。①处表示“咳嗽”，用cough表示，且句子是一般现在时，主语“He”是第三人称单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式coughs；②处表示“医生”，用doctor表示，且空前有不定冠词“a”修饰，用单数形式。故填coughs；doctor。 38．医生让我做个检查，看看我是否得了流感。 The doctor asked me a test to check if I have the flu. 【答案】 to do​ 【详解】根据中英文对照，缺少“做”的英文翻译。“做”对应的单词为“do”。根据“asked me...”可知，空格处需填入不定式作宾语补足语，构成短语“ask sb to do sth”，表示“让某人做某事”。故填to do。 39．请进来坐下吧。会议马上开始。 Please come in and . The meeting will start soon. 【答案】 take a seat 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“坐下”。“take a seat”是固定短语，意为“坐下”，符合语境。故填take；a；seat。 40．医生说他需要先量体温。 The doctor said he needed to first. 【答案】 take his temperature 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“量体温”。“take one’s temperature”是固定短语，意为“量体温”；主语是he，所以用his。故填take；his；temperature。 41．我们必须阻止人们砍伐树木。 We must people cutting down trees. 【答案】 stop from 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，空格处缺少“阻止……做……”，可以用短语“stop...from...”来表示。故填stop；from。 42．过马路时一定要小心，看好来往车辆。 You must when crossing the road, and watch out for the traffic. 【答案】 be careful 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，空处意为“小心”。“小心”的英文表达为“be careful”。情态动词“must”后需接动词原形，故填be；careful。 43．不要用脏手碰伤口，这会防止感染。 Don’t touch the wound with dirty hands, it can . 【答案】 prevent infection 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“防止感染”。情态动词can后接动词原形，“防止”对应的英文是prevent；“感染”对应的英文是infection，此处表示抽象概念，用单数形式。故填prevent；infection。 44．这个地区的很多人饱受空气污染之苦。 Many people in this area air pollution. 【答案】 suffer from 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，填空处为“饱受……之苦”，suffer from…“饱受……之苦”，句子描述的是该地区普遍存在的现状，用一般现在时；主语是“Many people”，因此动词“suffer”用原形即可。故填suffer；from。 45．我弟弟发烧了，我妈妈要带他去医院。 My little brother , and my mother will take him to the hospital. 【答案】 has a fever 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，填空处为“发烧”，have a fever“发烧”，是固定搭配，主语“My little brother”是第三人称单数，句子用一般现在时，因此动词have要变为第三人称单数形式has。故填has；a；fever。 46．琳琳嗓子疼，所以她不能像以前那样大声唱歌了。 Linlin , so she can’t sing as loudly as before. 【答案】 has a sore throat 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，填空处为“嗓子疼”，have a sore throat“嗓子疼”，是固定搭配，主语Linlin是第三人称单数，句子用一般现在时，因此动词have要变为第三人称单数形式has。故填has；a；sore；throat。 47．杰克逊去看牙医了，因为他有一颗牙齿坏了。 Jackson because one of his teeth was broken. 【答案】 went to the dentist 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“去看牙医”，英文为go to the dentist；句子时态为一般过去时，谓语动词应该使用过去式，go的过去式为went。故填went；to；the；dentist。   48．我决定从现在开始更加努力地学习。 I decide to study harder . 【答案】 from now on 【详解】根据中英文对照，此处缺少“从现在开始”。“从现在开始”的英文表达是from now on。故填from；now；on。 49．你应该每天锻炼来保持健康。 You should every day to . 【答案】 exercise keep healthy 【详解】根据中英文对比可知，此处缺“锻炼、保持健康”。“锻炼”对应的动词是“exercise”，“should”后接动词原形；“保持健康”对应的短语是“keep healthy”，此处“to”是不定式符号，后接动词原形。故填exercise；keep；healthy。 50．多亏了急救知识，他救了那个男孩的命。 Thanks to knowledge, he saved the boy’s life. 【答案】 first aid 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺“急救”，其英文表达为“first aid”。故填first；aid。 四、选词填空 （一）用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，每词仅用一次。               describe       cough        runny       clear        ache 51．Linda had a bad back because she sat in the chair all day. 52．I still have a(n) memory of my first day at middle school. 53．Our teacher told Tom to cover his mouth when he in class. 54．With the help of your , I can imagine what she looks like. 55．Jenny put on a mask because the cold wind outside made her nose . 【答案】51．ache 52．clear 53．coughed 54．description 55．runny 【解析】51．句意：琳达因为一整天都坐在椅子上，背痛得厉害。根据“Linda had a bad back …”可知，空格处作“had”的宾语，需填入可数名词单数，所给词ache“疼痛”，可作可数名词，back ache意为“背痛”，符合语境。故填ache。 52．句意：我仍然对自己中学入学的第一天有着清晰的记忆。空格处作定语修饰名词“memory”，所给词clear“清晰的”，可作形容词，clear memory表示“清晰的记忆”，符合语境。故填clear。 53．句意：我们的老师告诉汤姆，上课咳嗽时要捂住嘴。本句为when引导的时间状语从句，主句谓语动词“told”是tell的过去式，主句时态为一般过去时，从句动作与主句动作同时发生在过去，需用一般过去时；所给词cough“咳嗽”，可作动词，符合语境，其过去式为coughed。故填coughed。 54．句意：在你的描述的帮助下，我能想象出她的样子。根据“With the help of your …”可知，空格处需填入名词作介词of的宾语；所给词describe“描述”，为动词，其对应的名词形式为description，符合语境。故填description。 55．句意：珍妮戴上了口罩，因为外面的寒风让她流鼻涕了。根据“the cold wind outside made her nose …”可知，空格处需填入形容词补充说明宾语her nose的状态；所给词runny“流鼻涕的、流鼻水的”，为形容词，符合语境。故填runny。 （二）从方框中选择恰当的单词，并用其适当形式填空（每词限用一次）。 harmful, careful, pain, luck, safety, avoid, check, bleed, describe, patient, clear 56．Be when you use a knife, or you may cut yourself. 57．Staying up late is to your health, so you should go to bed early. 58．I have a terrible in my head after the long car ride. 59． , the ambulance arrived quickly and took the injured man to the hospital. 60．We should dangerous activities to keep ourselves safe. 61．The nurse my eyes and said they were healthy. 62．The deep cut on his leg is still , so we need to apply pressure. 63． is the most important thing when we are doing any kind of activity. 64．Can you the symptoms of your illness to the doctor? 65．The doctor is very with every sick person in the clinic. 【答案】56．careful 57．harmful 58．pain 59．Luckily 60．avoid 61．checked 62．bleeding 63．Safety 64．describe 65． patient clear 【解析】56．句意：使用刀子时要小心，否则可能会割伤自己。根据“Be”和“when you use a knife”可知，此处是祈使句，应用形容词careful作表语，意为“小心的”。故填careful。 57．句意：熬夜对健康有害，所以你应该早睡。根据“Staying up late”和“to your health”可知，此处表示“对健康有害”，应用形容词harmful，构成固定搭配be harmful to。故填harmful。 58．句意：长途乘车后，我头痛得厉害。根据“I have a terrible”和“in my head”可知，此处需要一个名词，表示“疼痛”，pain为不可数名词。故填pain。 59．句意：幸运的是，救护车很快赶到并将伤者送往医院。根据“the ambulance arrived quickly”可知，这是一件幸运的事，应用副词luckily修饰整个句子，位于句首首字母大写。故填Luckily。 60．句意：我们应该避免危险活动以保护自身安全。根据“dangerous activities to keep ourselves safe”可知，此处表示“避免”，情态动词should后接动词原形avoid。故填avoid。 61．句意：护士检查了我的眼睛，说它们很健康。根据“my eyes and said they were healthy”可知，此处表示“检查”，动作发生在过去，应用动词过去式checked。故填checked。 62．句意：他腿上深深的伤口仍在流血，所以我们需要按压止血。根据“The deep cut on his leg is still”和“apply pressure”可知，此处表示“正在流血”，现在进行时，应用bleed的现在分词bleeding。故填bleeding。 63．句意：安全是我们进行任何活动时最重要的事情。根据“is the most important thing when we are doing any kind of activity”可知，此处表示“安全”，名词作主语，应用safety，此空位于句首，首字母要大写。故填Safety。 64．句意：你能向医生描述一下你的症状吗？根据“the symptoms of your illness to the doctor”可知，此处表示“描述”，情态动词Can后接动词原形describe。故填describe。 65．句意：那位耐心的医生对诊所里的每一位病人都非常坦诚。第一空修饰名词doctor，应用形容词patient作定语，意为“有耐心的”；第二空构成固定搭配be clear with，意为“对……坦诚”，应用形容词clear作表语。故填patient；clear。 五、完形填空 What should we do if one of our classmates suddenly falls ill or gets hurt? Here are some steps you 66 follow. But always remember to 67 medical care after first aid if the wound (伤口) is serious. Broken bones: Take away the clothes from the wound. Use an ice pack. 68 the hurt part while waiting for the doctor to arrive. Animal bites (咬伤): Wash the bite area with soap and 69 . Pack the wound with a clean cloth if it is bleeding. If the bleeding has stopped, cover the area 70 a bandage and take the person to the 71 . Make sure you remember what kind of animal it is so that the doctor can find the right way to treat him or her right away. Fainting (昏厥): Have him or her 72 with feet lifted a little. Make sure he or she can 73 and let fresh air in. Clean the person’s face with a cool cloth. Nosebleeds: Have the person put 74 his or her head a little. Don’t have the head back because this may cause heavy breathing or coughing. Press the lower part of the nose for at least 10 75 . 66．A．has to B．shall C．will D．should 67．A．look like B．look up C．look at D．look for 68．A．Hit B．Cut C．Move D．Don’t move 69．A．tea B．water C．coffee D．juice 70．A．on B．into C．with D．in 71．A．home B．hospital C．school D．zoo 72．A．sit B．lie C．stand D．sleep 73．A．speak B．talk C．cough D．breathe 74．A．on B．down C．up D．into 75．A．days B．hours C．minutes D．years 【答案】66．D 67．D 68．D 69．B 70．C 71．B 72．B 73．D 74．B 75．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，总结了突发疾病和处理伤情的应对方法。 66．句意：这是你应该遵循的一些步骤。 has to不得不；shall将；will将；should应该。根据“What should we do”和“Here are some steps you...follow”可知，此处指应该遵守一些步骤。故选D。 67．句意：但如果伤口情况严重，进行急救后寻求医疗帮助。 look like看起来像；look up查阅；look at看；look for寻找，寻求。根据“medical care after first aid if the wound (伤口) is serious”可知，伤口严重的话，要寻求医疗帮助。故选D。 68．句意：等待医生到来时，不要移动受伤的部位。 Hit击中；Cut切割；Move移动；Don’t move别动。根据“Broken bones”和“...the hurt part while waiting for the doctor”可知，骨折后需避免移动受伤部位。故选D。 69．句意：用肥皂和清水清洗咬伤部位。 tea茶；water清水；coffee咖啡；juice果汁。根据“Wash the bite area with soap...”可知，应该用肥皂和清水清洁伤口。故选B。 70．句意：如果出血已经止住，就用绷带包扎伤口部位，然后送伤者去医院。 on在……之上；into进入；with用，介词；in在……里面。根据“cover the area...a bandage”可知，指的是用绷带包扎伤口。故选C。 71．句意：如果出血已经止住，就用绷带包扎伤口部位，然后送伤者去医院。 home家；hospital医院；school学校；zoo动物园。根据“If the bleeding...”可知，动物咬伤后，应该送医院。故选B。 72．句意：让其平躺，将双脚稍微抬高。 sit坐下；lie平躺；stand 站立；sleep睡眠。根据“Fainting (昏厥)”可知，昏厥时，正确急救方式是让患者躺下并抬高脚部。故选B。 73．句意：确保伤者能够正常呼吸，并保持空气流通。 speak说话；talk谈话；cough咳嗽；breathe呼吸。根据“let fresh air in”可知，保持空气流通是为了让伤者正常呼吸。故选D。 74．句意：让伤者将头稍微低下。 on在……上面；down向下；up向上；into到……里面。根据“Have the person put... his or her head a little”可知，流鼻血时，正确姿势是稍微低头。故选B。 75．句意：按压鼻子下方部位至少10 分钟。 days天；hours小时；minutes分钟；years年。根据“Press the lower part of the nose for at least 10...”可知，流鼻血时需按压鼻翼下方至少 10 分钟以止血。故选C。 六、任务型阅读 阅读下面短文,根据短文内容回答问题或翻译画线部分 Have you ever heard of AED? AED means Automated External Defibrillator (自动体外除颤器). When someone’s heart suddenly stops beating-an AED can restart it. This small medical machine is truly a life-saver. Using an AED isn’t as hard as many people think! It includes just a few steps. First, turn on the AED．It will give both voice and visual (视觉的) instructions. Next, put the sticky pads on the person’s chest. Make sure to place them where the AED shows. These pads allow the AED to check whether the heart is working well. Then, move the pads away and don't touch the person until the AED gives another instruction. If the AED says “shock advised”, make sure no one is touching the person, and then press the shock button. If not, follow the AED’s instructions for CP (chest compression) before the doctors arrive. Actually, you can find an AED in many public places. In schools, you can usually find it near the gym or the school office. In shopping malls, check the information desks. At airports, look for it on the walls. It is usually marked with a heart symbol, making it easy to be found. AEDs are important. Every second counts when a sudden heart stop happens. With an AED, we can help save lives even before the doctors arrive. More and more places are getting AEDs, and more people are learning how to use them. So we can be ready to help if someone around us has a heart problem. 76．When do people need to use an AED? 77．How many steps do people need to use an AED to save a person? 78．Why are AEDs important? 79．What do you think of the invention of AEDs? Why? 80．将短文中画线句子翻译成中文。 【答案】76．When someone’s heart suddenly stops beating. 77．Four steps. 78．Because they can help restart a person’s heart and save lives before doctors arrive. 79．（开放题,合理即可）示例：I think AEDs are very useful because they are easy to use and can save lives in emergencies. 80．当心脏骤停发生时,每一秒都很重要。 【导语】本文讲述了自动体外除颤器（AED）的作用、使用步骤、常见放置地点及其重要性，强调了在心脏骤停时每一秒都至关重要，AED能在医生到达前帮助挽救生命。 76．根据“When someone’s heart suddenly stops beating—an AED can restart it.”可知，当人的心脏突然停止跳动时，就需要使用AED。故填When someone’s heart suddenly stops beating. 77．根据“First, turn on the AED…Next, put the sticky pads on the person’s chest…Then, move the pads away and don’t touch the person until the AED gives another instruction…If the AED says‘shock advised’, make sure no one is touching the person, and then press the shock button.”可知，使用AED救人需要四个步骤。故填Four steps. 78．根据“Every second counts when a sudden heart stop happens. With an AED, we can help save lives even before the doctors arrive.”可知，AED很重要是因为它能帮助重启心脏，并在医生到达前挽救生命。故填Because they can help restart a person’s heart and save lives before doctors arrive. 79．从AED能在关键时刻挽救生命、易于使用且在紧急情况下发挥作用等方面来看，它的发明非常有用。故填I think AEDs are very useful because they are easy to use and can save lives in emergencies. 80．“Every second”意为“每一秒”；“counts”在此处意为“至关重要、有价值”；“when”引导时间状语从句，意为“当……的时候”；“a sudden heart stop”意为“心脏骤停”；“happens”意为“发生”。故填：当心脏骤停发生时，每一秒都很重要。 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 2 Stay Healthy 教材词句语篇重难点解析 知识清单：单元基础知识归纳、速记，词汇、短语梳理，查漏补缺。 重难点讲解：语篇翻译，词、句重难点知识讲解，能力提升。 成果检测：学以致用，学测结合，全面突破，提升素养。 基础知识清单： 重 点 单 词 一、课标要求重点掌握单词： ourselves pron. 我们自己 sore adj. 疼痛的；酸痛的 throat n. 喉咙 stomachache n. 胃痛；肚子疼 headache n. 头痛 toothache n. 牙痛 backache n. 背痛；腰痛 suffer v. 受苦；遭受 press v. 压；按；挤；推 dentist n. 牙科医生 fever n. 发烧 stomach n. 胃；腹部 avoid v. 避免；防止 gas n. 气体；燃气 ache n. & v. 疼痛 X-ray n. X光照片；X射线 careless adj. 不小心的；粗心的 runny adj. 流鼻涕的；流眼泪的 cough n. & v. 咳嗽 test n. & v. 检查；测验 flu n. 流行性感冒 medicine n. 药；医学 virus n. 病毒 description n. 描写；形容 patient n. 病人 adj. 有耐心的 illness n. 疾病 knife n. 刀 safety n. 安全；安全处所 clear adj. 清晰的；清楚的 v. 清理 pain n. 疼痛；痛苦 brightness n. 亮度 environment n. 环境 cross v. 穿越；横过；交叉 themselves pron. 他（或她、它）们自己 happily adv. 快乐地；高兴地 burn v. 燃烧；着火 throw v. 猛动身体（部位）；扔；抛 quick adj. 快的；迅速的 adv. 迅速地；快速地 aid n. & v. 帮助；援助 tonight adv. 在今晚 n. 今夜；今晚 sadly adv. 伤心地；令人遗憾 smoke n. 烟 v. 吸烟；冒烟 luckily adv. 幸运地 badly adv. 严重地 harm n. & v. 伤害；损害 pill n. 药丸；药片 harmful adj. 有害的 hit v. 碰撞；击；打 n. 打；击；击中 shock n. 震惊；令人震惊的事 v. 使震惊；使惊愕 bleed v. 流血；出血 check v. 检查；查明 n. 检查；调查 nervously adv. 紧张不安地 二、需了解熟悉的单词： nosebleed n. 鼻出血 bruised adj. 受了瘀伤的 mask n. 口罩 injury n. 伤害；损伤 fry v. 油炸；油煎；油炒 stove n. 厨房灶具；炉子 flame n. 火焰 panic n. 惊恐；恐慌 onto prep. 向；朝 roll v. (使）翻滚；滚动 extinguisher n. 灭火器 tight adj. 疼痛的；憋气的；紧的；牢固的 peanut n. 花生 allergic adj. 过敏的 单词变形 1. press v. 压；按；挤；推 → pressure n. 压力；压迫 2. careless adj. 不小心的；粗心的 → carelessness n. 粗心→ careful adj 仔细的→care n. 关心，在意 3. medicine n. 药；医学 → medical adj. 医学的；医疗的 4. description n. 描写；形容 → describe v. 描述；形容 5. patient n. 病人；adj. 有耐心的 → patience n. 耐心；忍耐 → patiently adv. 耐心地 6. injury n. 伤害；损伤 → injure v. 伤害；损害 → injured adj. 受伤的 7. illness n. 疾病 → ill adj. 生病的；坏的 8. knife n.刀 →knives （pl.） 9. clear adj. 清晰的；清楚的；v. 清理 → clearly adv. 清晰地；明显地 10. pain n. 疼痛；痛苦 → painful adj. 疼痛的；痛苦的 11. brightness n. 亮度 → bright adj. 明亮的；聪明的 → brightly adv. 明亮地；鲜明地 12. environment n. 环境 → environmental adj. 环境的；有关环境的 13. cross v. 穿越；横过；交叉 → crossing n. 十字路口；交叉处 →across adv.在对过；在对面；横过 prep.穿过 14. happily adv. 快乐地；高兴地 → happy adj. 快乐的；幸福的 → happiness n. 幸福；快乐 15. burn v.燃烧；着火 → burnt （过去式/过去分词） 16. throw v.猛动身体（部位）；扔；抛 → threw（过去式） → thrown（过去分词） 17. quick adj. 快的；迅速的；adv. 迅速地；快速地 → quickly adv. 迅速地；很快地 18. safety n. 安全；安全处所 → safe adj. 安全的；可靠的 19. sadly adv. 伤心地；令人遗憾地 → sad adj. 悲伤的；难过的 → sadness n. 悲伤；难过 20. smoke n. 烟；v. 吸烟；冒烟 → smoker n. 吸烟者 21. luckily adv. 幸运地 → lucky adj. 幸运的；侥幸的 → luck n. 运气；幸运 22. badly adv.严重地 → worse （比较级）→ worst （最高级）→ bad adj. 坏的；糟糕的 23. harm n. & v. 伤害；损害 → harmful adj. 有害的；致伤的 → harmless adj. 无害的；无恶意的 24. lie v.平躺；平放 → lay（过去式） → lain（过去分词） → lying n. 说谎；adj. 说谎的 25. harmful adj. 有害的 → harm n. & v. 伤害；损害 → harmless adj. 无害的 26. shock n. 震惊；令人震惊的事；v. 使震惊；使惊愕 → shocking adj. 令人震惊的；可怕的 → shocked adj. 震惊的；震撼的 27. bleed v.流血；出血 → blood n. 血；血液 28. nervously adv. 紧张不安地 → nervous adj. 紧张的；焦虑的 → nervousness n. 紧张；不安 重点短语 take care of ourselves 照顾好我们自己 sore throat 喉咙痛 have a stomachache 胃痛 suffer from 受苦；受折磨 see a dentist 看牙医 take a seat 坐下 take one's temperature 给某人量体温 have the flu 患流感 stop...from doing 防止......；阻止...... take some medicine 吃药 in one's hands 由某人掌控 what's more 更有甚者；更为重要的是 catch fire 着火 turn on 接通（电流、煤气、水等）；打开 no way 不可能；没门 on fire 着火；起火 be about to 即将；正要（做某事） stop short 突然停住 first aid 急救 eat out 上馆子吃饭；在外用餐 lie down 平躺；平卧 from now on 从现在起 avoid doing sth 避免做某事 hurt oneself 伤到自己 enjoy oneself 玩得开心 act out 表演 turn off 关掉 call for help 呼救 核心句式 1. 怎么了？ What’s wrong? / What s the matter? 2. 我胃痛。 I have a stomachache. 3. 我喉咙痛。 I'm suffering frorn a sore throat. 4. 让我给你量量体温。 Let me take your temperature. 5. 你应该吃点药，多喝水。 You should take some medicine and drink enough water. 6. 它防止我们轻易地将流感病毒传染给他人。 It stops us from passing the flu virus to others easily. 7. 下次你不应该吃那么多。 You shouldn't eat so much next time. 8. 事实上，你应该避免过于频繁地使用手机。 In fact, you should avoid using your phone too often. 9. 你应该去看牙医。 目前你可以吃些软食。 You should see a dentist. You could eat some soft food for now. 10. 多亏了他在学校上的急救和安全课，他知道水会让油火变得更严重！ Thanks to the first aid and safety classes he took at school, he knew that water could make oil fires much worse! 11. 下次要更加小心。如果我们不小心，我们很容易受伤。 Be more careful next time.If we are not careful,we can easily hurt ourselves. 12. 母亲住院期间，我们无法享受生活。 We couldn't enjoy ourselves while our mother was in hospital. 13. 艾伦正要这么做，突然停了下来。 Allen was about to do so when he stopped short. 14. 突然，有什么东西重重地撞到她，把她撞倒在地。 Suddenly, something hit her hard and threw her to the ground. 15. “从现在起，我会更好地照顾自己。”马克承诺道。 “I'll take better care of myself from now on"Mark promised. Section A 词句语篇重点知识解析： 一、Section A部分语篇翻译： 语篇Section A 3a Doctor: Take a seat, Helen. How are you feeling? Helen: Not good... I have a runny nose and a fever. Doctor: Let me take your temperature... Oh, it's quite high. Helen: Yes, it started yesterday. I felt so cold, and I didn't have much energy. When I tried to get out of bed, I almost fell and hurt myself. My throat hurts too. Doctor: Let's see. Yes, the back of your throat looks very red. We'll need to do a test, but I believe you have the flu. It's flu season. Helen: What should I do, Doctor? Doctor: You should take some medicine and drink enough water. Helen: OK, thank you. Can I go to school tomorrow? Doctor: No, you should rest at home. When you're outside, please wear a mask. It stops us from passing the flu virus to others easily. Helen: I will! Doctor: And remember, your health is in your hands. If you take good care of yourself, you'll get better soon. 医生：请坐，海伦。你感觉怎么样？ 海伦：不太好…… 我流鼻涕，还发烧。 医生：让我给你量量体温……哦，体温很高。 海伦：是的，昨天就开始了。我感觉很冷，而且没什么力气。当我试图从床上 起来时，差点摔倒伤到自己。我的喉咙也疼。 医生：让我看看。是的，你的喉咙后部看起来很红。我们需要做个检查，但我 认为你得了流感。现在是流感季节。 海伦：医生，我该怎么办？ 医生：你应该吃点药，多喝水。 海伦：好的，谢谢。我明天能去上学吗？ 医生：不行，你应该在家休息。当你在外面的时候，请戴上口罩。它能防止我 们轻易地把流感病毒传给别人。 海伦：我会的！ 医生：还有记住，健康掌握在你自己手中。如果你好好照顾自己，你很快就会 好起来的。 二、Section A部分教材词句重难点解析： 1、How do we take care of ourselves? 我们该如何照顾好自己？ （1）ourselves pron. 我们自己 ourselves指代主语 “我们” 自身，可作宾语、表语。 【构词法】由our（adj. 我们的）+ selves（反身代词后缀）构成。 【短语、固定搭配】by ourselves 独自；单独 hurt ourselves 伤到我们自己 enjoy ourselves 玩得开心 例：We can finish the work by ourselves.（我们可以独自完成这项工作。） We enjoyed ourselves at the party last night.（昨晚我们在派对上玩得很开心。） 2、I'm suffering frorn a sore throat. 我喉咙痛。 （1）suffer v. 受苦；遭受 suffer意为“受苦；遭受”，作及物动词时，后直接接表示 “损失、痛苦” 的名词；作不及物动词时，常与介词from搭配构成短语suffer from。 例：They suffered a lot in the heavy rain.（他们在大雨中吃了很多苦。） 【常见短语、固定搭配】suffer from... 受…… 苦；受…… 折磨 例：My grandfather suffers from a bad cough in winter.（我爷爷冬天总是咳嗽得厉害。） She suffered from hunger when she was young.（她小时候忍饥挨饿。） （2）sore adj. 疼痛的；酸痛的 sore形容词，主要用来修饰身体部位，与身体部位名词搭配使用，特指肌肉、关节等的酸痛或轻微外伤带来的疼痛。 【常见短语、固定搭配】“sore + 身体部位”，意为“哪里痛” have + a sore +表示身体部位的名词”表示“……酸痛”。 例：a sore throat 喉咙痛 a sore leg 腿疼 a sore arm 胳膊酸痛 I have a sore back and I can't stand up straight.（我背疼，没法站直。） 3、I have a stomachache. 我胃疼。 （1）stomachache n. 胃痛；肚子疼 stomachache表示胃部的疼痛，由stomach（n. 胃）+ ache（n. 疼痛）构成。像这样的词还有：headache（头痛）、toothache（牙痛）、earache（耳痛）。 例：Tom has a stomachache, so he doesn't want to eat anything.（汤姆胃疼，什么都不想吃。） 【常见短语、固定搭配】have + a/an +“表示身体部位的名词+ ache”表示“……痛”。 “have + a/an/the +表示疾病的名词”表示“患......病”。 例：have a fever发烧、have a cold患感冒、have a cough咳嗽、have the flu患流感 have a headache头痛、have a toothache牙痛、have a stomachache 胃痛；肚子疼 4、What's wrong? / What's the matter?怎么了?/出什么事了? 句型：What's wrong (with sb./sth.)? / What's the matter (with sb./sth.)? 有如下的用法： (1)用于询问某人遇到什么问题或麻烦。 —What's wrong with Jim?吉姆怎么了? —He left his homework at home.他把家庭作业落在家里了。 (2)用于询问某人身体上哪里不舒服。 —What's wrong/the matter?怎么了? —I have a headache.我头痛。 (3)用于询问某物出了什么问题或故障。 —What's the matter with this clock? 这个时钟 怎么了? —It doesn't work.它坏了。 5、press down on your nose. 压住你的鼻子。 （1）press v. 压；按；挤；推 press动词，意为 “按压、按动”。 例：Please press the green button to start the machine.（请按绿色按钮启动机器。） 【常见短语、固定搭配】press the button 按按钮 press down(on sth.) 向下按压(某物) 【易混词辨析】press和push press 侧重 “轻按、按压”（如按钮、门铃），动作幅度小； push 侧重 “推”（如门、车），动作幅度较大，强调使物体移动。 例：Press the switch.（按开关。） Push the box to the corner.（把箱子推到角落。） 6、Avoid soft drinks for now as the gas could make the ache worse. 暂时避免饮用软饮料，因为其中的气体可能会使疼痛加剧。 （1）avoid v. 避免；防止 avoid动词，意为“避免；防止”。 注意avoid后接名词、代词或动名词，不能接不定式（to do）。 【常见短语、固定搭配】avoid doing sth. 避免做某事 例：We should avoid making mistakes in the exam.（我们应该避免在考试中犯错。） 7、Accidents can happen when we're careless. 我们粗心大意时，就可能发生意外。 （1）careless adj. 不小心的；粗心的 careless形容词，意为“不小心的；粗心的”。 例：He is a careless boy, so he often leaves his books at home.（他是个粗心的男孩，经常把书落在家里。） 【词性变换】由care（v./n. 关心；小心）+ less构成； carelessly（adv. 粗心地）、carelessness（n. 粗心）；反义词：careful（adj. 细心的）。 【常见短语、固定搭配】be careless about 对……粗心；不在乎 be careless with 对……不小心（后接物品/事情） be careless of 不顾及……（后接他人感受等） 8、Take a seat, Helen. 海伦，请坐。 “Take a seat”意为“请坐”，相当于sit down，多用于招待、正式场合等 例：Please take a seat, sir. The manager will come soon.（先生请坐，经理马上就来。） 【近义短语辨析】take one's seat和take a seat take one's seat 是特指，强调 “坐在自己的位置上”；take a seat 是泛指，仅表示 “坐下”，无指定座位的含义。 例：Please take your seat, class is going to begin.（请回到自己的座位，马上要上课了。） He took his seat quietly in the library.（他在图书馆安静地坐到了自己的位置上。） 【短语拓展】take one's temperature 给某人量体温 例：The nurse took my temperature in the hospital.（护士在医院给我量了体温。） Let me take your temperature, you look like you have a fever.（我给你量个体温吧，你看着像发烧了。） 9、 We'll need to do a test, but I believe you have the flu. 我们需要进行一次测试，但我认为你可能是得了流感。 （1）test n. & v. 检查；测验 test可作名词，意为“检查；测验”，作动词，意为“检查；测验”。 例：We will have a math test tomorrow.（我们明天有一场数学小测。） The doctor tested my eyes yesterday.（医生昨天给我检查了眼睛。） 【常见短语、固定搭配】 have a test 进行测验 take /do a test 参加测验 test sb. on sth. 就某事测试某人 pass / fail a test（通过/未通过测验） 10、 You should take some medicine and drink enough water. 你应该吃点药，并喝足够的水。 （1）medicine n. 药；医学 medicine 作名词，表“药”的总称时为不可数名词，表“具体种类的药”时可数，表“医学”时为抽象不可数名词。 例：Take some medicine and you will feel better soon.（吃点药，你很快就会好的。） He wants to study medicine in college.（他想在大学里学医学。） 【常见短语、固定搭配】 take medicine 吃药 traditional Chinese medicine 中药 例：You must take medicine after meals.（你必须饭后吃药。） 【词性变换】medical adj. 医学的；医疗的；药用的 例：This hospital has good medical service.（这家医院有优质的医疗服务。） 11、 It stops us from passing the flu virus to others easily. 它阻止我们轻易将流感病毒传染给他人。 （1）stop sb./sth. (from) doing sth. 防止......；阻止...... “stop sb./sth. (from) doing sth.”意为 “防止某人 / 某物做某事；阻止某人 / 某物做某事”，from 可以省略。 例：My mother stops me (from) playing computer games too much.（妈妈阻止我长时间玩电脑游戏。） The heavy rain stopped us (from) going out for a walk.（大雨让我们没法外出散步。） 【近义短语，易混词辨析】 keep sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事（from 不可省略，省略后意为 “让某人一直做某事”）例：The rules prevent students (from) fighting at school.（校规禁止学生在学校打架。） We must keep children from danger.（我们必须让孩子远离危险。） 12、Helen's descriptions of her problems. 海伦对她的问题的描述。 （1）description n. 描写；形容 description 作可数名词，意为 “描写；形容；描述”。 例：She gave a clear description of the lost boy.（她清晰地描述了那个走失的男孩。） We have different descriptions of the same event.（我们对同一件事有不同的描述。） 【词性变换】describe v. 描写；描述；形容 例：Can you describe your new school to me?（你能给我描述一下你的新学校吗？） 【常见短语、固定搭配】give a description of 对…… 进行描述 a detailed description 详细的描述 例：The police asked him to give a detailed description of the thief.（警察让他详细描述一下小偷的样子。） 13、patient n. 病人 adj. 有耐心的 patient 作名词时，意为 “病人”；作形容词时，意为 “有耐心的”。 例：The patient is getting better day by day.（这位病人一天比一天好。） A good teacher must be patient with students.（一位好老师必须对学生有耐心。） 【词性变换】patience n. 耐心；耐性 patiently adv. 耐心地 impatient adj. 没有耐心的；不耐烦的 例：He has no patience for waiting.（他没有耐心等待。） The teacher explained the problem patiently to us.（老师耐心地给我们讲解这道题。） 【常见短语、固定搭配】treat patients 治疗病人 be patient with sb. 对某人有耐心 be patient to do sth. 耐心做某事 例：Doctors and nurses work hard to treat patients every day.（医生和护士每天努力治疗病人。）She is patient to teach the little girl to read.（她耐心地教小女孩读书。） 14、Asking about injuries/illnesses. 询问伤病情况。 （1）injury n. 伤害；损伤 injury 作可数名词，意为 “伤害；损伤”，多指身体上的外伤或损伤，也可指精神上的伤害。例：He got a serious injury in the car accident.（他在车祸中受了重伤。） The player had a slight injury on his leg.（这位运动员的腿受了轻伤。） 【常见短语、固定搭配】 suffer an injury 遭受伤害 a serious injury 重伤 例：Many people suffered injuries in the fire.（很多人在火灾中受了伤。） 【词性变换】injure v. 伤害；使受伤 injured adj. 受伤的 例：A falling stone injured his foot.（一块掉落的石头砸伤了他的脚。） The injured people were sent to the hospital at once.（受伤的人立刻被送去了医院。） （2）illness n. 生病；疾病 illness 作名词，表生病的状态时为不可数名词；表具体的某种疾病时为可数名词。 例：Her serious illness made her miss a lot of lessons.（她重病缠身，缺了很多课。） He had many strange illnesses when he was a child.（他小时候得过很多怪病。） 【构词法和词性变换】构词法：illness由“ill + -ness (名词后缀)”构成。 kind(友好的)+ -ness→kindness(仁慈；善良) happy(幸福的)+-ness→happiness (幸福) ill adj. 生病的；坏的 例：My mother is ill in bed.（我妈妈卧病在床。） 【常见短语、固定搭配】suffer from an illness 患病 recover from an illness 从疾病中恢复 例：She suffered from a bad illness last year.（她去年得了一场重病。） 15、Her clearest memory is not of the race itself, but the terrible pain in her legs the next day. 她最清晰的记忆不是比赛本身，而是第二天双腿的剧烈疼痛。 （1）clear adj. 清晰的；清楚的 v. 清理 clear 作形容词时，可指声音、画面、表达、思路等 “清晰的；清楚的”，也可指天气 “晴朗的”；作动词时，意为 “清理；清除”。 例：The teacher’s voice is very clear in class.（课堂上老师的声音很清晰。） Please clear the dirty dishes from the table.（请把桌子上的脏盘子清理掉。） 【常见短语、固定搭配】make sth. clear 把某事说清楚 clear up 清理；（天气）放晴 clear out 清理；搬出 例：Please make your idea clear to us.（请把你的想法跟我们说清楚。） The sky cleared up after the rain.（雨后天放晴了。） 【构词法和词性变换】clearly adv. 清楚地；清晰地 clarity n. 清晰；清楚 例：She speaks English clearly.（她的英语说得很清楚。） （2）pain n.疼痛；痛苦 pain 作名词，可表身体上的疼痛，也可表泛指的疼痛（不可数）；也可指精神上的难过。 例：I have a sharp pain in my stomach.（我的胃疼得厉害。） She felt great pain after losing her pet.（失去宠物后，她感到无比痛苦。） 【常见短语、固定搭配】in pain 处于痛苦中 “have a pain in +身体部位” 某个部位疼 例：The old man is in great pain after the operation.（老人手术后处于剧痛中。） 【词性变换】painful adj. 疼痛的；痛苦的 例：My leg is painful after the long run.（长跑后我的腿很疼。） 16、what's more 更有甚者；更为重要的是 what's more 意为 “更有甚者；更为重要的是；此外”，为插入语，用于补充说明更多信息，使表达更递进，可放在句中（前后用逗号隔开）或句首（后用逗号隔开）。 例：He is good at English. What's more, he can speak French well.（他英语很好，此外，他法语也说得很棒。） What's more, you must finish the work before dinner.（更重要的是，你必须在晚饭前完成这项工作。） 【近义短语，易混词辨析】 besides 此外；而且（口语化，可放句首 / 句中） in addition 另外；此外（书面化，放句首后接逗号） furthermore 此外（较正式，初中了解即可） 例：Besides, we have no extra time for this task.（此外，我们没有多余的时间做这项任务。）In addition, she is a good singer.（另外，她还是个很棒的歌手。） 17、and you certainly shouldn't look at it when you cross the road! 而且你过马路时绝对不能看它！ （1）cross v. 穿越；横过；交叉 cross 作动词为“穿越；横过”，后直接接表示道路、河流、桥梁等的名词，相当于go across；也可表 “交叉；相交”，指物体交错摆放。 例：Please cross the street at the zebra crossing.（请走斑马线过马路。） The two roads cross at the square.（这两条路在广场交汇。） 【常见短语、固定搭配】cross the road/street 过马路 cross one's arms 交叉双臂 例：Please cross out the wrong words in the passage.（请把短文中的错词划掉。） He stood there with his arms crossed.（他交叉着双臂站在那里。） 【构词法和词性变换】 across prep. 穿过；横过 crossing n. 十字路口；交叉口 例：Go across the bridge and turn right.（走过这座桥然后右转。） Turn left at the first crossing near the park.（在公园附近的第一个十字路口左转。） Section B 词句语篇重点知识解析： 一、Section B部分语篇翻译： Section A, 1b A Cooking Accident James lived in the city with his friend Allen. It was their first time living away from their families, and they enjoyed learning how to do many things themselves. One Saturday, James decided to make fried chicken. First, he poured oil into a pan. Then he turned on the stove and left the oil to heat while he prepared the chicken. Just then, he heard the front door open, followed by the sound of Allen singing. "Guess what," Allen called out happily. "We won!" "No way!" James followed him into the living room. He wanted to hear all about the football game! Suddenly, Allen stopped talking and looked up. "Hey, do you smell something burning?" "Oh no!" They both rushed back into the kitchen. The pan was on fire! Large flames were jumping into the air. In a panic, James turned off the stove at once. But he was so close to the pan that a flame jumped onto his shirt. James cried out and threw himself to the floor. He put out the fire by rolling on the ground, but the pan was still burning!" Get water, quick!" he shouted. Allen was about to do so when he stopped short. Thanks to the first aid and safety classes he took at school, he knew that water could make oil fires much worse! Instead, he ran to the living room to get the fire extinguisher. In seconds, the fire in the burning pan was put out. "Are you OK?" Allen asked his friend. "I think so," James said. It was lucky that his shirt wasn't too thin! His arm was red, but it didn't hurt very much. "Maybe we should eat out tonight," James said as he ran cool water over his arm. "Sure, we could do that. What do you want?" "Anything but fried chicken," he said sadly. 一次烹饪事故 詹姆斯和他的朋友艾伦一起住在城市里。这是他们第一次离开家人生活，他们很喜欢学习自己动手做很多事。 一个星期六，詹姆斯决定做炸鸡。首先，他往平底锅里倒了油。然后他打开炉灶，在准备鸡肉的时候让油加热。就在这时，他听到前门开了，接着是艾伦唱歌的声音。 “你猜怎么着，” 艾伦高兴地喊道，“我们赢了！” “不可能吧！” 詹姆斯跟着他走进客厅。他想听听关于足球比赛的一切！突然，艾伦停止了说话，抬起头。 “嘿，你闻到有东西烧焦的味道了吗？” “哦，不！” 他们俩都冲回厨房。平底锅着火了！熊熊大火蹿到了空中。惊慌之下，詹姆斯立刻关掉了炉灶。但他离平底锅太近了，一团火焰跳到了他的衬衫上。詹姆斯大叫一声，扑倒在地上。他在地上打滚扑灭了身上的火，但平底锅里的火还在烧！ “快去弄点水来！” 他喊道。 艾伦正要去做，却突然停了下来。多亏了他在学校上过的急救和安全课程，他知道水会让油火变得更严重！相反，他跑到客厅去拿灭火器。几秒钟后，燃烧的平底锅里的火就被扑灭了。 “你还好吗？” 艾伦问他的朋友。 “我想还好，” 詹姆斯说。幸运的是，他的衬衫不是很薄！他的胳膊红了，但不是很疼。 “也许我们今晚应该出去吃，” 詹姆斯一边往胳膊上冲凉水一边说。 “当然可以，我们可以那样做。你想吃什么？” “除了炸鸡什么都行，” 他难过地说。 Section B, 3a One Saturday, Julie invited Mark and Lucy to her house for lunch. Her parents weren't home, so they had it all to themselves. They ordered pizza, salad, and juice. But in the middle of the meal, Mark started to feel strange. His face felt warm, and his throat felt tight. "Were there any peanuts in our food?" he asked nervously. "I think I tasted peanuts in the salad," said Julie. "What's the matter?" "Oh no, I'm allergic to peanuts!" Mark cried. His friends jumped into action and took him to the hospital at once. At the hospital, Mark's friends told Dr Cooper what happened, and she gave Mark some medicine right away. When Mark felt better, the doctor asked him some questions and gave him some advice. "I'll take better care of myself from now on," Mark promised. It was a day he would never forget. 一个星期六，朱莉邀请马克和露西去她家吃午饭。她的父母不在家，所以就他们几个（单独相处）。他们点了披萨、沙拉和果汁。但吃到一半时，马克开始感觉不对劲。他觉得脸发烫，喉咙发紧。 “我们的食物里有花生吗？” 他紧张地问道。 “我觉得我在沙拉里尝到了花生，” 朱莉说，“怎么了？” “哦，不，我对花生过敏！” 马克叫道。他的朋友们立即行动起来，马上把他送到了医院。 在医院里，马克的朋友们把发生的事告诉了库珀医生，她立刻给马克用了些药。当马克感觉好些了，医生问了他一些问题并给了他一些建议。 “从现在起，我会更好地照顾自己。” 马克承诺道。这是他永远不会忘记的一天。 二、Section B部分教材词句重难点解析： 18、Then he turned on the stove and left the oil to heat while he prepared the chicken.然后他打开炉子，让油加热，同时开始准备鸡肉。 （1）turn on 接通（电流、煤气、水等）；打开 turn on意为 “接通；打开” 。通常用于打开电器、接通水电煤气等场景。 注意：turn on属于 “动词 + 副词” 型短语，后接名词作宾语时，名词可放在 turn 与 on 之间或 on 之后；若接代词作宾语，代词只能放在 turn 与 on 之间。 例：Please turn on the light.（请把灯打开。） The radio is too quiet. Turn it on a little.（收音机太轻了，把它开大声一点。） 【短语拓展】中心词 turn 其他常见的固定短语还有： turn up 调大（音量、温度等）；出现turn down 调小（音量、温度等）；拒绝turn around 转身；回头 例：He turned around and saw his mother.（他一回头看到了妈妈。） Turn up the music, please.（请把音乐调大。） She turned down his invitation.（她拒绝了他的邀请。） 19、“No way!”James followed him into the living room. “不可能！”詹姆斯跟着他进了客厅。 （1）no way 不可能；没门 no way 意为 “不可能；没门”，多用于坚决拒绝对方的请求、想法。 例：No way! I won't lend you my phone.（没门！我不会把手机借给你的。） You want to finish the work in an hour? No way.（你想一小时内做完这项工作？不可能。） 20、Hey, do you smell something burning? 嘿，你闻到什么东西烧焦的味道了吗？ （1）burn v. 燃烧；着火 burn 作动词，意为 “燃烧；着火”。注意：其过去式和过去分词为burnt和burnt。 例：Dry wood burns very quickly.（干木头烧得很快。） He burnt a piece of paper in the fire.（他在火里烧了一张纸。） 【常见短语、固定搭配】burn down 烧毁；烧塌 burn out 烧尽；燃尽burn up 烧光；烧旺 例：The old house burned down in the fire.（那座老房子在大火中烧毁了。） The candle burned out at midnight.（蜡烛在半夜燃尽了。） Add some wood to burn the fire up.（加些木头让火烧得更旺。） 21、In a panic, James turned off the stove at once. 惊慌之下，詹姆斯立刻关掉了炉子。 （1）panic n. 惊恐；恐慌 panic 作名词时，意为 “惊恐；恐慌”，可作不可数名词，也可与不定冠词连用构成a panic（一阵恐慌） 例：She got into a panic when she lost her way.（她迷路后陷入了恐慌。） 【常见短语、固定搭配】in a panic 惊慌地；处于恐慌中get into a panic 陷入恐慌 例：He ran out of the room in a panic.（他惊慌地跑出了房间。） People got into a panic when the alarm rang.（警报响时，人们陷入了恐慌。） 22. James cried out and threw himself to the floor. 詹姆斯大叫一声，扑倒在地。 （1）throw v. 猛动身体（部位）；扔；抛 throw 作动词，意为 “扔；抛；投”，也可指 “猛动身体（部位）”，其过去式为threw，过去分词为thrown。 例：He threw a ball to his little brother.（他把球扔给了弟弟。） She threw her hands up in surprise.（她惊讶地举起了双手。） 【常见短语、固定搭配】throw away 扔掉；丢弃throw at sb/sth 朝…… 扔（带有攻击性） throw to sb/sth 扔给……（表传递） 例：Don't throw away the old books.（别把旧书扔掉。） It's not polite to throw stones at the animals.（朝动物扔石头是不礼貌的。） He threw the pen to me across the desk.（他隔着桌子把笔扔给了我。） 23. Allen was about to do so when he stopped short. 艾伦正要这么做，却突然停住了。 （1）be about to 即将；正要（做某事） be about to 意为 “即将；正要做某事”，为固定短语，后接动词原形，侧重表示动作马上就要发生，通常不与具体的时间状语连用。 例：I was about to go to bed when the phone rang.（我正要睡觉，电话突然响了。） They are about to start their trip.（他们即将开始旅行。） 24.Thanks to the first aid and safety classes he took at school. 这要归功于他在学校上过的急救和安全课程。 （1）aid n. & v. 帮助；援助 aid 作名词时，意为 “帮助；援助”；作动词时，意为 “帮助；援助”。 例：We need your aid to finish the work.（我们需要你的帮助来完成这项工作。） She aided me with my English study.（她帮助我学习英语。） 【常见短语、固定搭配】aid sb with sth 帮助某人做某事in aid of 为了帮助…… aid sb to do sth 帮助某人做某事first aid 急救give first aid to sb 为某人实施急救 例：My teacher aided me with my math problems.（老师帮我解答数学题。） The activity is in aid of the poor children.（这项活动是为了帮助贫困儿童。） He aided her to carry the heavy box.（他帮她搬那个重箱子。） First aid is very important in an accident.（急救在事故中至关重要。） We should learn some basic first aid.（我们应该学一些基础的急救知识。） The doctor gave first aid to the hurt man at once.（医生立刻为受伤的男子实施了急救。） 25. “Anything but fried chicken”he said sadly. “除了炸鸡，什么都行”他悲伤地说。 （1）sadly adv. 伤心地；令人遗憾 sadly 作副词，意为 “伤心地；令人遗憾地”。 例：She cried sadly when she heard the bad news.（听到这个坏消息，她伤心地哭了。） Sadly, he didn't pass the exam.（令人遗憾的是，他考试没及格。） 【词性变换】sad adj. 伤心的；难过的 sadness n. 伤心；难过 例：She is sad about her cat's death.（她为猫咪的去世感到难过。） Her sadness made all of us feel bad.（她的伤心让我们所有人都心情沉重。） 26、Luckily, James was not badly hurt. 幸运的是，詹姆斯伤得不重。 （1）luckily adv. 幸运地 luckily 作副词，意为 “幸运地”，可修饰动词，放在动词后；也可修饰整个句子，放在句首，用逗号与主句隔开。 例：Luckily, I caught the last bus home.（幸运的是，我赶上了回家的末班车。） He luckily found his lost key in the park.（他幸运地在公园里找到了丢失的钥匙。） 【构词法和词性变换】 luck n. 运气（不可数） lucky adj. 幸运的 unlucky adj. 不幸的 unluckily adv. 不幸地 例：Good luck to you in the match!（祝你比赛好运！） He is a lucky boy to win the prize.（他是个幸运的孩子，赢得了奖品。） （2）badly adv.严重地 badly 作副词，意为 “严重地，非常”。其比较级为worse，最高级为worst。 例：He was badly hurt in the car accident.（他在车祸中受了重伤。） I badly need a glass of water.（我非常需要一杯水。） She did worse in the test than last time.（她这次考试比上次考得更差。） 【词性变换】 bad adj. 坏的；严重的 例：The weather is bad today.（今天天气很差。） 27.What should we do to keep ourselves safe from harm? 我们应该做些什么来保护自己免受伤害？ （1）harm n. & v. 伤害；损害 harm 作名词时，意为 “伤害；损害”，为不可数名词；作动词时，意为 “伤害；损害”，多指对身体、健康、利益等的轻微伤害或损害。 例：Smoking does great harm to your health.（吸烟对你的健康有很大损害。） Don't harm the small animals in the park.（不要伤害公园里的小动物。） 【常见短语、固定搭配】do harm to sb/sth 对某人 / 某物造成伤害 / 损害 be harmful to sb/sth 对某人 / 某物有害 例：Eating too much candy does harm to your teeth.（吃太多糖果对你的牙齿有害。） Noise pollution is harmful to our ears.（噪音污染对我们的耳朵有害。） 【词性变换】harmful adj. 有害的 harmless adj. 无害的 例：This kind of plant is harmful to humans.（这种植物对人类有害。） The little dog is harmless, don't be afraid of it.（这只小狗是无害的，别害怕。） 28. Suddenly, something hit her hard and threw her to the ground. 突然，有什么东西重重地撞到她，把她撞倒在地。 （1）hit v. 碰撞；击；打 n. 打；击；击中 hit 作动词，意为 “碰撞；击；打”，其过去式和过去分词均为hit；作名词时，意为 “打；击；击中”，为可数名词。 例：He hit the ball hard with the bat.（他用球棒用力击球。） The car hit a big tree by the road.（汽车撞到了路边的一棵大树。） He got a hit on the head with a stone.（他的头被石头砸了一下。） 【常见短语、固定搭配】hit sb on the +身体部位 打在某人的……部位 hit against sth 撞到某物上 例：The boy hit me on the arm.（那个男孩打在了我的胳膊上。） She ran too fast and hit against the wall.（她跑得太快，撞到了墙上。） 29.She was suffering from shock and her arm was bleeding. 她受了惊吓，手臂在流血。 （1）shock n. 震惊；令人震惊的事 v. 使震惊；使惊愕 shock 作名词时，意为 “震惊；惊愕”，为不可数名词，也可指 “令人震惊的事”（可数）；作动词时，意为 “使震惊；使惊愕”。 例：We were all in great shock at the news.（听到这个消息，我们都大为震惊。） The bad news shocked the whole class.（这个坏消息让全班同学都感到震惊。） 【词性变换】shocked adj. 感到震惊的（修饰人） shocking adj. 令人震惊的（修饰物） 例：I was shocked at the shocking news.（我对这个令人震惊的消息感到震惊。） 【常见短语、固定搭配】in shock 处于震惊中 例：He sat there in shock and didn't say a word.（他震惊地坐在那里，一言不发。） （2）bleed v. 流血；出血 bleed 作动词，意为 “流血；出血”，其过去式和过去分词均为bled。 例：His nose started to bleed when he fell down.（他摔倒后鼻子开始流血。） The cut on his hand bled a lot.（他手上的伤口流了很多血。） 【词性变换】blood n. 血；血液（不可数） 例：There is some blood on the floor.（地板上有一些血。） 【常见短语、固定搭配】bleed to death 流血而死 bleed for sb/sth 为…… 流血；为…… 牺牲 例：The poor man almost bled to death in the accident.（那个可怜的男人在事故中差点流血而死。） Many soldiers bled for their country.（许多士兵为祖国流血牺牲。） 30. At the hospital,the doctor checked Kelly's arm carefully. 在医院里，医生仔细检查了凯莉的手臂。 （1）check v. 检查；查明 n. 检查；调查 check 作动词，意为 “检查；查明；核对”；作名词时，意为 “检查；调查；核对”。 例：Please check your answers before you hand in the paper.（交卷前请检查你的答案。） The doctor did a body check for me.（医生为我做了一次身体检查。） 【常见短语、固定搭配】check out （酒店）办理退房手续；结账离开 check in （在酒店、机场）登记；办理入住 / 登机手续 check up on sb/sth 检查；核实某人 / 某物 例：We check in at the hotel at 4 pm.（我们下午四点在酒店办理入住。） Please check out before 12 o'clock at noon.（请在中午 12 点前办理退房。） The teacher checked up on our homework carefully.（老师仔细检查了我们的作业。） 31. “Were there any peanuts in our food?”he asked nervously. “我们的食物里有花生吗？”他紧张地问。 （1）nervously adv. 紧张不安地 nervously 作副词，意为 “紧张不安地”。 例：She spoke nervously in front of the whole school.（她在全校面前紧张地发言。） 【词性变换】nervousness n. 紧张；焦虑 nervous adj. 紧张的；焦虑的 例：He is nervous about the English speech contest.（他对英语演讲比赛感到紧张。） Her nervousness made her forget her words.（她的紧张让她忘词了。） 32.“I'll take better care of myself from now on"Mark promised. “从现在起，我会更好地照顾自己。”马克承诺道。 （1）from now on 从现在起 from now on 意为 “从现在起；从今以后”，作时间状语，通常用于一般将来时的句子中。 例：From now on, I will study hard every day.（从现在起，我会每天努力学习。） We must keep our classroom clean from now on.（从今以后，我们必须保持教室干净。） 【易混短语辨析】from then on from then on 侧重 “从那时开始”，句子用一般过去时。 例：From then on, they became the best friends.（从那时起，他们成了最好的朋友。） 一、单项选择 1．The children enjoyed ________ at the party last night. A．them B．they C．themselves D．their 2．—How long ________ you ________ a cold? —For three days. I need to see a doctor. A．do; have B．have; had C．did; have D．have; been having 3．—We are going to have a picnic tomorrow. What’s the weather like, Mike? —Why not ________ the radio and listen to the weather report? A．turn on B．turn off C．take away 4．—My little brother always asks me the same question again and again. —Well, please be ________ with him. He's just a kid. A．angry B．polite C．patient D．familiar 5．—According to the study, the light pollution (污染) does ________ to birds. —Yes, it will make them lose the sense of direction at night. A．harm B．attention C．training D．advice 6．Your temperature is 39℃. You have a ________ and I think you should rest and drink enough water. A．toothache B．headache C．stomachache D．fever 7．Jack almost missed the train this morning. ________, it began to move just after he got on. A．Sadly B．Certainly C．Suddenly D．Luckily 8．The next class is about ________. We have to clean the blackboard at once. A．start B．starts C．starting D．to start 9．—Mum, can I play games for ten more minutes? —________! You must stop to do your homework now. A．Guess what B．Come on C．No way D．Sounds great 10．According to a scientific study, there is no doubt that music can reduce the physical ________ for patients. A．examination B．health C．pain D．manner 11．—The Doubao AI is simply amazing! —Yeah, it is able to create all kinds of pictures according to people’s ________. A．descriptions B．decisions C．situations D．conditions 12．—I have a ________. What should I do? —You should go to the dentist. A．toothache B．headache C．backache D．nosebleed 13．—You look unhappy, Lily. ________ —I lost my favourite book. A．What’s wrong with you? B．How are you? C．How are you doing? D．What’s your name? 14．If you’re ________, you’ll make lots of mistakes. A．careful B．careless C．useful D．friendly 15．Jenny’s stomach ________ and she needs to see a doctor right now. A．walks B．aches C．shakes D．leaves 二、单词拼写 16．We need to p our eyes from digital screens. 17．Mark’s t felt tight after he ate the salad with peanuts. 18．The back of her throat looks red, so she needs to take her t . 19．The v can make people seriously ill, so we should wear masks in public. 20．I hope I can get good grades in the final t . 21．My mum took a (药丸) for her headache and then rested on the sofa. 22．The hospital is full of (病人) because of the bad weather. 23．Many people caught the (流感) last week and had to stay at home. 24．Don’t eat too much ice cream, or your stomach will (受苦). 25．She stayed in bed all day because of a terrible (头痛). 26．The little girl feels (tire) because she didn’t sleep well last night. 27．How (patience) the teachers in our school are! 28．The (bright) of the sun hurt my eyes. 29．Her (ill) has kept her in bed for a week. We hope she’ll get better soon. 30．Can you give me a clear (describe) of your lost bike? 31．He had several (injury) in the car accident, but luckily they were not serious. 32．Be (care) when you cross the street! Look both ways first. 33．My mother (press) my head gently when I have a headache. 34．Don’t be (care) in the exam! You’d better check your answers carefully. 35．They enjoyed (they) at the park yesterday. 三、完成句子 36．医生给了马克一些药，并建议他注意饮食。 The doctor gave Mark some medicine and him his food. 37．他咳嗽得很厉害，需要去看医生。 He badly and needs to go to a . 38．医生让我做个检查，看看我是否得了流感。 The doctor asked me a test to check if I have the flu. 39．请进来坐下吧。会议马上开始。 Please come in and . The meeting will start soon. 40．医生说他需要先量体温。 The doctor said he needed to first. 41．我们必须阻止人们砍伐树木。 We must people cutting down trees. 42．过马路时一定要小心，看好来往车辆。 You must when crossing the road, and watch out for the traffic. 43．不要用脏手碰伤口，这会防止感染。 Don’t touch the wound with dirty hands, it can . 44．这个地区的很多人饱受空气污染之苦。 Many people in this area air pollution. 45．我弟弟发烧了，我妈妈要带他去医院。 My little brother , and my mother will take him to the hospital. 46．琳琳嗓子疼，所以她不能像以前那样大声唱歌了。 Linlin , so she can’t sing as loudly as before. 47．杰克逊去看牙医了，因为他有一颗牙齿坏了。 Jackson because one of his teeth was broken. 48．我决定从现在开始更加努力地学习。 I decide to study harder . 49．你应该每天锻炼来保持健康。 You should every day to . 50．多亏了急救知识，他救了那个男孩的命。 Thanks to knowledge, he saved the boy’s life. 四、选词填空 （一）用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，每词仅用一次。               describe       cough        runny       clear        ache 51．Linda had a bad back because she sat in the chair all day. 52．I still have a(n) memory of my first day at middle school. 53．Our teacher told Tom to cover his mouth when he in class. 54．With the help of your , I can imagine what she looks like. 55．Jenny put on a mask because the cold wind outside made her nose . （二）从方框中选择恰当的单词，并用其适当形式填空（每词限用一次）。 harmful, careful, pain, luck, safety, avoid, check, bleed, describe, patient, clear 56．Be when you use a knife, or you may cut yourself. 57．Staying up late is to your health, so you should go to bed early. 58．I have a terrible in my head after the long car ride. 59． , the ambulance arrived quickly and took the injured man to the hospital. 60．We should dangerous activities to keep ourselves safe. 61．The nurse my eyes and said they were healthy. 62．The deep cut on his leg is still , so we need to apply pressure. 63． is the most important thing when we are doing any kind of activity. 64．Can you the symptoms of your illness to the doctor? 65．The doctor is very with every sick person in the clinic. 五、完形填空 What should we do if one of our classmates suddenly falls ill or gets hurt? Here are some steps you 66 follow. But always remember to 67 medical care after first aid if the wound (伤口) is serious. Broken bones: Take away the clothes from the wound. Use an ice pack. 68 the hurt part while waiting for the doctor to arrive. Animal bites (咬伤): Wash the bite area with soap and 69 . Pack the wound with a clean cloth if it is bleeding. If the bleeding has stopped, cover the area 70 a bandage and take the person to the 71 . Make sure you remember what kind of animal it is so that the doctor can find the right way to treat him or her right away. Fainting (昏厥): Have him or her 72 with feet lifted a little. Make sure he or she can 73 and let fresh air in. Clean the person’s face with a cool cloth. Nosebleeds: Have the person put 74 his or her head a little. Don’t have the head back because this may cause heavy breathing or coughing. Press the lower part of the nose for at least 10 75 . 66．A．has to B．shall C．will D．should 67．A．look like B．look up C．look at D．look for 68．A．Hit B．Cut C．Move D．Don’t move 69．A．tea B．water C．coffee D．juice 70．A．on B．into C．with D．in 71．A．home B．hospital C．school D．zoo 72．A．sit B．lie C．stand D．sleep 73．A．speak B．talk C．cough D．breathe 74．A．on B．down C．up D．into 75．A．days B．hours C．minutes D．years 六、任务型阅读 阅读下面短文,根据短文内容回答问题或翻译画线部分 Have you ever heard of AED? AED means Automated External Defibrillator (自动体外除颤器). When someone’s heart suddenly stops beating-an AED can restart it. This small medical machine is truly a life-saver. Using an AED isn’t as hard as many people think! It includes just a few steps. First, turn on the AED．It will give both voice and visual (视觉的) instructions. Next, put the sticky pads on the person’s chest. Make sure to place them where the AED shows. These pads allow the AED to check whether the heart is working well. Then, move the pads away and don't touch the person until the AED gives another instruction. If the AED says “shock advised”, make sure no one is touching the person, and then press the shock button. If not, follow the AED’s instructions for CP (chest compression) before the doctors arrive. Actually, you can find an AED in many public places. In schools, you can usually find it near the gym or the school office. In shopping malls, check the information desks. At airports, look for it on the walls. It is usually marked with a heart symbol, making it easy to be found. AEDs are important. Every second counts when a sudden heart stop happens. With an AED, we can help save lives even before the doctors arrive. More and more places are getting AEDs, and more people are learning how to use them. So we can be ready to help if someone around us has a heart problem. 76．When do people need to use an AED? 77．How many steps do people need to use an AED to save a person? 78．Why are AEDs important? 79．What do you think of the invention of AEDs? Why? 80．将短文中画线句子翻译成中文。 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $