第05讲 Unit1 Time to Relax 教材词句语篇重难点解析 八年级下册预习讲义 2025-2026学年八年级英语寒假作业（人教）

Unit 1 Time to Relax 教材词句语篇重难点解析 知识清单：单元基础知识归纳、速记，词汇、短语梳理，查漏补缺。 重难点讲解：语篇翻译，词、句重难点知识讲解，能力提升。 成果检测：学以致用，学测结合，全面突破，提升素养。 基础知识清单： 重 点 单 词 一、课标要求重点掌握单词： ski v. 滑雪 program v. 编写程序 n. 程序; 节目; 项目 express v. 表达; 表示 instructor n. 教练; 指导者 scared adj. 害怕的; 对……感到惊慌的 fear n. & v. 害怕; 担忧 poem n. 诗 single adj. 单个的; 单身的 return n. & v. 回来; 归还 deal n. 交易; 协议 v. 对付 manage v. 完成(困难的事); 管理 push v. 督促; 推 chat v. & n. 闲聊 outing n. 出外游玩; 远足 reduce v. 减少 stress n. 精神压力; 紧张 object n. 物品; 宾语 programmer n. 程序设计员 allow v. 使……成为可能; 允许 achievement n. 成就 coin n. 硬币 stamp n. 邮票 teenage adj. 青少年的 postcard n. 明信片 rather adv. 相当; 更准确地说 foreign adj. 外国的; 国外的 suggestion n. 建议; 提议 failure n. 失败 strict adj. 严厉的; 严格的 surprisingly adv. 出人意料地; 惊人地 stage n. 舞台; 阶段 importantly adv. 重要地 二、需了解熟悉的单词： calligraphy n. 书法 stroke n. 笔画; 击球 ink n. 墨水 ice-skate v.滑冰；溜冰 yoga n. 瑜伽 Italian adj. 意大利的; 意大利人的; 意大利语的 n. 意大利人; 意大利语 old-fashioned adj. 过时的; 守旧的 inspiration n. 鼓舞人心或启发灵感的人(或事物);灵感 单词变形 1. ski v. 滑雪→ skiing n. 滑雪运动 2. program v. 编写程序；n. 程序；节目；项目 → programmer n. 程序员 3. express v. 表达；表示 → expression n. 表达；表情 4. instructor n. 教练；指导者 → instruct v. 指导；教授 → instruction n. 指示；指导 5. scared adj. 害怕的；对…… 感到惊慌的 → scare v. 使害怕；惊吓→ scary adj. 吓人的；可怕的 6. poem n. 诗 → poet n. 诗人 7. manage v. 完成（困难的事）；管理 → management n. 管理；经营 → manager n. 经理；管理者 8. reduce v. 减少；缩小 → reduction n. 减少；降低 9. stress n. 精神压力；紧张→ stressed adj. 焦虑的；紧张 → stressful adj. 有压力的；紧张的 10. object n. 物品；宾语→object v. 反对；拒绝 → objection n. 反对；异议 → objective adj. 客观的；目标的；n. 目标 11. sense n. 感觉；感官→ sensible adj. 明智的；合理的 → sensitive adj. 敏感的；易受影响的 12. achievement n. 成就；成绩 → achieve v. 实现；获得 13. teenage adj. 青少年的 → teenager n. 青少年（13-19 岁） 14. foreign adj. 外国的；国外的 → foreigner n. 外国人 15. suggestion n. 建议；提议 → suggest v. 建议 16. failure n. 失败 → fail v. 失败 17. inspiration n. 鼓舞人心或启发灵感的人(或事物);灵感 → inspire v. 激励；鼓舞 18. surprisingly adv. 出人意料地；惊人地 → surprise v. 使惊讶；n. 惊讶 → surprising adj. 令人惊讶的 → surprised adj. 感到惊讶的 19. importantly adv. 重要地 → important adj. 重要的；重大的 → importance n. 重要性；重大 重点短语 free time空闲时间 play the flute 吹笛子 do calligraphy 练习书法 express feelings 表达感情 ice skating 滑冰 give up 放弃 scared of 害怕; 恐惧 get over 克服(困难); 解决(问题) up to正在做; 由某人决定 in return 作为回报 get into 开始做某事; 进入 give it a go 试一试某事 once in a while 偶尔地; 间或 go on an outing 出外游玩 dream of 梦想; 希望 clam down 冷静下来 at the same time 同一时间 take up a hobby 发展一个兴趣爱好 so far 到目前为止 a sense of achievement 一种成就感 in front of 在…前面 at first 首先 a good way to 一个好的方法去… in nature 在自然界里 prefer to make things 更喜欢制作东西 such an amazing experience 一次非常奇妙的经历 核心句式 1. 你在忙什么呢？ What are you up to? 2. 作为回报，我可以教你弹一首歌。 I can teach you to play a song in return. 3. 这很困难，但他总是鼓励我不要放弃。 It's diticult, but he always encourages me not to give up. 4. 我喜欢看功夫电影来放松。 I 1ove to watch kungfu movies to relax. 5. 我看到我妈妈画画，于是我决定也试试。 I saw my mother paint.I decided to give it ago. 6. 相反，这个意大利少年发现制作手机应用程序很有趣。 Instead, this Italian teenager finds it fun to make mobile phone apps. 7. 万事开头难。 The first step is always the hardest. 8. 看到人们使用这个应用，我感到非常有成就感。 It gives me such a sense of achievement to see people using the app. 9. 虽然一开始很难，但我没有放弃。 Although it was difficult at first, I didn’t give up. 10. —你空闲时间做什么？—我弹奏琵琶是为了放松。 —What do you do in your free time? —I play the flute to relax. 11. 重要的是不要忘记偶尔放松一下。 It's important not to forget to relax once in a while. 12. 她非常喜欢它，把它挂在卧室的墙上！ She liked it so much that she put it up on her bedroom wall! 13. 我很幸运有她在我的生活中。 I'm lucky to have her in my life. 14. 我应该克服对失败的恐惧，只试着从中获得乐趣。 I should get over my fear of failure and just try to have fun. Section A 词句语篇重点知识解析： 一、Section A部分语篇翻译： 语篇Section A 3a Peter: Hey Yaming! What are you up to? Yaming: Hi Peter. I'm doing calligraphy. Peter:"It's beautiful! What are you writing? Yaming: It's a poem by Li Bai. My grandmother taught me how to write it. Peter:What's this character? Yaming: It's yue. It means “moon”. Peter:It's nice! I like watching you write like that. But it looks difficult. Yaming: Well, the first step is always the hardest. When I started to do calligraphy, I spent hours practising single strokes. Peter:I know how that feels! My dad's teaching me to play the guitar. It's difficult, but he always encourages me not to give up. Yaming: Exactly. Now I do calligraphy to relax. I even like how the ink smells!Why did you choose to play the guitar? Peter:I think playing the guitar is cool. Will you teach me to write a poem? I can teach you to play a song in return. Yaming: It's a deal! 彼得：嘿，亚明！你在忙什么呢？ 亚明：嗨，彼得。我正在写书法。 彼得：真漂亮！你在写什么？ 亚明：是李白的一首诗。我奶奶教我写的。 彼得：这个字是什么？ 亚明：是 “月” 字。意思是 “月亮”。 彼得：很不错！我喜欢看你那样写字。但这看起来很难。 亚明：嗯，万事开头难嘛。我刚开始写书法的时候，花了好几个小时练习单笔划。 彼得：我懂那种感觉！我爸爸在教我弹吉他。很难，但他总是鼓励我不要放弃。亚明：确实如此。现在我写书法是为了放松。我甚至喜欢墨水的味道！你为什 么选择弹吉他？ 彼得：我觉得弹吉他很酷。你能教我写诗吗？作为回报，我可以教你弹一首歌。亚明：就这么定了！ 二、Section A部分教材词句重难点解析： 1、ski v. 滑雪 ski 作动词，意为 “滑雪”。 例：They like to ski in winter.（他们喜欢在冬天滑雪。） 【短语、搭配】go skiing 去滑雪 拓展：go swimming 去游泳 go shopping 去购物 例：We decided to go skiing in the mountains this winter vacation.（我们决定这个寒假去山上滑雪。） 2、program v. 编写程序 n. 程序; 节目; 项目 program可以作动词，意为“编写程序”。program可以还作名词，意为“(计算机领域的)程序；节目; 项目”，当表达“节目; 项目”的意思时，也可以写作programme。 例：He spends hours every day programming new software.（他每天花几个小时编写新软件。） The TV program last night was really interesting.（昨晚的电视节目非常有趣。） They are developing a new program to improve efficiency.（他们正在开发一个新项目以提高效率。） 【词性变换】programmer n. 程序设计员 3、To express feelings.为了表达情感。 （1）express v. 表达; 表示 express 作动词，意为 “表达；表示”，及物动词，后可接情感、想法、观点等作宾语，也可接双宾语。 例：She expressed her thanks to the teacher.（她向老师表达了感谢。） Words can't express my happiness.（语言无法表达我的快乐。） 【词性变换】expression n. 表达；表情；词语 【短语、搭配】express one's feelings 表达情感 express oneself 表达自己的想法 express sth. to sb. 向某人表达某事 例：Students should learn to express themselves clearly.（学生们应该学会清晰地表达自己的想法。） He expressed his concerns about the project to the manager.（他向经理表达了对这个项目的担忧。） It's important for children to learn how to express themselves clearly.（对孩子们来说，学会如何清晰地表达自己的观点很重要。） 4、Fu Xing used to be scared of water, but she started swimming to get over her fear. 付兴过去害怕水，但她开始游泳来克服她的恐惧。 （1）scared adj. 害怕的; 对……感到惊慌的 scared 作形容词，意为 “害怕的；惊慌的”，用于描述人的感受，在句中常作表语，也可作定语。 例：I am scared of big dogs.（我害怕大狗。） The scared girl is crying for her mother.（那个受惊的女孩正在哭着找妈妈。） 【词性变换】scare v. 使害怕；惊吓 n. 恐惧 scary adj. 可怕的；吓人的 【短语、搭配】be scared of (doing) sth./sb. 害怕某物 / 某人 be scared to do sth. 害怕做某事 be scared that... 担心…… 例：She is scared to go out alone at night.（她害怕晚上独自出门。） She is scared of spiders and screams every time she sees one.（她害怕蜘蛛，每次看到都会尖叫。） He is scared of flying and prefers to travel by train.（他害怕坐飞机，更喜欢乘火车旅行。） She was scared to tell her parents the truth about what happened.（她不敢告诉父母所发生事情的真相。） 【易混词辨析】scared 用于形容人的感受，scary用于描述事物的特征。 例：The little girl was scared when she saw the big dog barking at her.（小女孩看到大狗朝她狂吠时，吓得要命。) The haunted house was really scary. （那座鬼屋真的很吓人。） （2）get over 克服(困难); 解决(问题) get over 为 “动词 + 副词” 型短语，意为 “克服（困难）；解决（问题）；从（疾病、悲伤）中恢复”，及物动词短语，后接困难、问题、疾病等作宾语。 例：We must get over the difficulties together.（我们必须一起克服这些困难。） It took her a long time to get over the cold.（她花了很长时间才从感冒中恢复。） （3）fear n. & v. 害怕; 担忧 fear 作名词时，意为 “害怕；担忧”，可作不可数名词，也可指具体的 “恐惧的事”，这时是可数名词；也可作动词，意为 “害怕；担忧”，可接名词、代词或宾语从句。 例：She has a great fear of heights.（她非常恐高。） We fear that we will be late for school.（我们担心上学要迟到了。） 【短语、搭配】in fear 恐惧地；害怕地for fear of 生怕；以免 例：They ran away in fear.（他们害怕地跑开了。） He took an umbrella for fear of rain.（他带了一把伞，生怕下雨。） 5、What are you up to?  你在做什么呢? 这里的up to意为“正在做”，相当于What are you doing ?  例：—Hi, Tom! What are you up to?（嗨，汤姆！你在忙什么？） — I'm doing my homework.（我在写作业。） 【拓展】up to的其他意义： (1)“up to +人”可表示“由某人决定”。 例：It's up to you to decide where we should go for dinner tonight.（今晚我们去哪里吃晚饭由你决定。） (2)“up to + 数量”可表示“数量达到......；数量至多有......”。 例：The project is up to 50% complete.（这个项目已经完成了50%。） (3)“up to + 时间”可表示“时间直到......”。 例：He lived in that house up to 1995, when he moved to another city.（他在那所房子里一直住到1995年，那时他搬到了另一个城市。） 6. It's difficult, but he always encourages me not to give up. 那很难，但他总是鼓励我不要放弃。 （1）give up 放弃 give up 为 “动词 + 副词” 型短语，意为 “放弃；停止”，后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。接代词作宾语时，代词必须放在 give 和 up 之间。 例：Don't give up learning English.（不要放弃学习英语。） The problem is hard, but I won't give it up.（这道题很难，但我不会放弃它。） 【短语、搭配】give up doing sth. 放弃做某事 give up smoking 戒烟 例：My father decided to give up smoking last year.（我爸爸去年决定戒烟。） 【拓展】give构成的其他短语 give out 用完；耗尽 give way to 让位于；让步 give back归还；使恢复 give away分发；捐赠；泄露 7. I can teach you to play a song in return. 作为回报，我可以教你弹一首歌。 （1）return n. & v. 回来; 归还 return 作动词时，意为 “回来；返回；归还”，及物动词，表 “归还” 时相当于 give back；作名词时，意为 “回来；返回”，不可数名词。 例：He returned the book to the library yesterday.（他昨天把书还给了图书馆。） We are looking forward to his return.（我们期待着他的归来。） 【短语、搭配】return to sp. 回到某地 return sth. to sb. = return sb. sth. 把某物归还给某人 in return（for sth. ） 作为（对某事的）回报 例：She will return to Beijing next week.（她下周会回到北京。） Please return the pen to me when you finish using it.（你用完钢笔后请还给我。） I will return this book to the library tomorrow.（我明天会把这本书还回图书馆。） I gave him a gift in return for his help.（我送给他一份礼物，作为对他帮助的回报。） He helped me, and I will help him in return.（他帮了我，我会作为回报帮他。） 8、It's a deal! 成交！ （1）deal n. 交易; 协议 v.对付 deal 作名词时，意为 “交易；协议”，可数名词；作动词时，意为 “对付；处理”。 注意：deal 的过去式和过去分词均为 dealt。 例：We made a deal with the shopkeeper.（我们和店主达成了协议。） He doesn't know how to deal with the problem.（他不知道如何处理这个问题。） 【短语、搭配】make / do a deal(with sb. ) （与......）达成协议 It's a deal. 一言为定。 deal with 处理；对付 例：—Let's go for a walk after dinner.（晚饭后我们去散步吧。） —Great! It's a deal.（太好了！一言为定。） The teacher has to deal with a lot of naughty students in class.（老师在课堂上不得不应付很多调皮的学生。） 【辨析】deal with与do with deal with “处理”，侧重方式、方法，常与how连用 do with “处理”，侧重处理的对象，常与what连用 例：What did you do with the old books? （你怎么处理那些旧书的？） I don't know how to deal with this difficult problem. Can you give me some advice?（我不知道如何处理这个难题。你能给我一些建议吗？） 9、How do you usually feel when you manage to do something difficult? 当你完成一件难事 时，通常会有什么感受? （1）manage v. 完成(困难的事); 管理 manage 作动词，意为 “完成（困难的事）；设法做到”，也可以表示 “管理；经营”，后接企业、团队、事务等作宾语。 例：He managed to finish the work on time.（他设法按时完成了这项工作。） My aunt manages a small restaurant in the city.（我的姑姑在城里经营一家小餐馆。） 【词性变换】manager n. 经理；管理者management n. 管理；经营 【短语、搭配】manage to do sth. 设法做成某事 例：Although it was raining heavily, he managed to arrive at the meeting on time.（尽管雨下得很大，他还是设法按时赶到了会议现场。） 10、How did you get into painting?你是怎么开始画画的? （1）get into 开始做某事；进入 get into 为 “动词 + 介词” 型短语，可以表示 “进入” 某个场所、状态；也可以表示 “开始做某事”，尤指开始产生某种习惯或陷入某种状态。 例：We got into the car and left.（我们上了车然后离开了。） He got into the habit of reading every morning.（他养成了每天早上读书的习惯。） 【短语、搭配】 get into trouble 陷入麻烦 get into a fight 打架 例：If you don't study hard, you will get into trouble.（如果你不努力学习，你会陷入麻烦。） 11、It made me decide to try skiing.它让我决定尝试滑雪。 （1）try doing sth.试着做某事 【辨析】try doing sth 尝试做某事 try to do sth 努力做某事 例：If the key doesn't work, try turning it the other way.（如果钥匙不起作用，试着换个方向转。） The firefighters tried to put out the big fire as quickly as possible.（消防员们努力尽快扑灭大火。） 12、My parents told me not to push myself too hard.我父母告诉我不要逼我自己太狠。 （1）push v. 督促; 推 push 作动词，意为 “推；推动”，也可以表示 “督促；逼迫”的意思。 例：Please push the door to open it.（请推门来打开它。） My parents push me to study hard for the exam.（我的父母督促我为考试努力学习。） 【短语、搭配】 push sb. to do sth. 督促某人做某事 push hard 用力推 例：Don't push him too hard. He is already trying his best.（不要把他逼得太紧。他已经在尽力了。） 13、Yes, it's important not to forget to relax once in a while.对，重要的是不要忘记偶尔放松一下。 （1）once in a while 偶尔地；间或 once in a while 意为 “偶尔地；间或；时不时”，在句中作时间状语，相当于 sometimes 或 at times，常用于一般现在时。 例：I go to the cinema once in a while.（我偶尔去看电影。） He visits his grandparents once in a while.（他时不时去看望他的祖父母。） 14、chat v. & n. 闲聊 chat 作动词时，意为 “闲聊；聊天”，不及物动词，常与介词 with 或 to 搭配；作名词时，意为 “闲聊；聊天”，可数名词。 例：We like to chat with our friends after class.（我们喜欢课后和朋友聊天。） I had a long chat with my teacher yesterday.（我昨天和老师聊了很久。） 【短语、搭配】chat with sb. 和某人聊天 have a chat 闲聊online chat 在线聊天 例：They often have a chat on the phone.（他们经常在电话里闲聊。） They often chat with each other during the break.（他们经常在课间闲聊。） Section B 词句语篇重点知识解析： 一、Section B部分语篇翻译： Section A, 1b Hobbies That Are Good for You When work or school is over, what do you do to pass the time? Do you spend time on hobbies you love? Reading or listening to music can help us to calm down after a busy day. Physical hobbies, such as playing tennis or doing yoga, can help us to keep fit. And some hobbies are creative. For example,people sometimes paint pictures to remember a beautiful landscape or object, or reduce stress. Luca Bruno likes to be creative in his free time. But he doesn't make art or write stories. Instead, this Italian teenager finds it fun to make mobile phone apps. He thinks that apps can be a great way to help people. He started programming when he was ten, after he read about famous businessmen who started out as programmers. His latest app allows people around the world to find study partners for learning Italian. They can learn Italian and make friends at the same time! "It gives me such a sense of achievement to see people using the app," says Luca. "I believe I'm helping people around the world to learn Italian!" Some people prefer not to make things. They prefer to collect them! In India, Maya Badal doesn't collect coins or stamps. Instead, this teenage girl collects postcards! "I know some people think postcards are rather old-fashioned, but I think they're a good way to learn about different places," Maya says. "I think it's interesting to see the beautiful buildings and landscapes in foreign countries. " Maya's first postcard shows the Mogao Caves in Dunhuang. Her dad sent it to her when she was five, and she liked it so much that she put it up on her bedroom wall! Now there are over one hundred postcards from thirty-two countries on Maya's walls. She dreams of travelling to these places in the future! 对你有益的爱好 当工作或学校的学习结束后，你会做些什么来打发时间？你会把时间花在自己喜 爱的爱好上吗？阅读或听音乐能帮助我们在忙碌的一天后平静下来。体育类爱好，比如打网球或做瑜伽，能帮助我们保持健康。还有一些爱好是富有创造性的。例如，人们有时会画画，以此来记住美丽的风景或事物，或者缓解压力。 卢卡・布鲁诺喜欢在空闲时间进行创造性活动。但他不进行艺术创作或写故事。相反，这位意大利少年觉得制作手机应用程序很有趣。他认为应用程序可以成为帮助人们的好方式。他十岁时就开始编程了，那是在他了解到一些著名商人最初是程序员之后。他最新的应用程序能让世界各地的人找到学习意大利语的学习伙伴。他们可以同时学习意大利语和交朋友！ “看到人们使用这个应用程序，我有一种很强的成就感，” 卢卡说，“我相信我正在帮助世界各地的人学习意大利语！” 有些人更喜欢收集东西，而不是制作东西！在印度，玛雅・巴达尔不收集硬币或邮票。相反，这个十几岁的女孩收集明信片！ “我知道有些人认为明信片相当过时，但我认为它们是了解不同地方的好方式，” 玛雅说，“我觉得欣赏外国美丽的建筑和风景很有趣。” 玛雅的第一张明信片展示的是敦煌莫高窟。她五岁时，爸爸送给了她这张明信片，她非常喜欢，就把它贴在了卧室的墙上！现在，玛雅的墙上有来自 32 个国家的一百多张明信片。她梦想着未来能去这些地方旅行！ Section B, 3a What is your favourite free-time activity? Hi, everyone! I'd like to take up a new free - time activity, and I'm hoping to get some ideas. What do you do? Why do you like it? Please tell me more! I have many free-time activities, like painting, writing poems, and reading. But my favourite free - time activity is horse riding. When I was six, I visited my grandfather's farm, and he took me to ride a horse. It was such an amazing experience! Now I do it at his farm every weekend with my favourite horse, Nini. I love horse riding because I enjoy being in nature. Horse riding also helps me stay fit. But most importantly, it lets me spend time with Nini! She's my best friend. She's happy to see me whenever I visit, especially when I bring her some carrots for a snack! I'm lucky to have her in my life. 你最喜欢的业余活动是什么 大家好！我想培养一项新的业余活动，希望能得到一些想法。你们都做些什么（业余活动）？为什么喜欢它？请多跟我讲讲！ 我有很多业余活动，比如绘画、写诗和阅读。但我最喜欢的业余活动是骑马。 我六岁的时候，去了爷爷的农场，他带我去骑马。那是一次非常棒的经历！现在我每个周末都会去他的农场，和我最喜欢的马妮妮一起骑马。 我喜欢骑马，因为我喜欢置身于大自然中。骑马也有助于我保持健康。但最重要的是，它能让我和妮妮共度时光！它是我最好的朋友。每次我去看它，它都很高兴，尤其是当我给它带些胡萝卜当零食的时候！我的生活中有它，真的很幸运。 二、Section B部分教材词句重难点解析： 15、to reduce stress 减轻压力 （1）reduce v. 减少 reduce 作动词，意为 “减少；降低”，后接数量、压力、成本、污染等作宾语。 例：We should reduce the use of plastic bags.（我们应该减少塑料袋的使用。） The school reduced the homework for students.（学校减少了学生的作业量。） 【词性变换】reduction n.减少；降低 【短语、搭配】reduce stress 减少压力reduce pollution 减少污染 例：Doing exercise can help you reduce stress.（做运动可以帮你减少压力。） The driver reduced speed when he saw the red light ahead.（司机看到前方红灯时减速了。） （2）stress n. 精神压力; 紧张 stress 作名词，意为 “精神压力；紧张；压力”。 例：Too much stress is bad for our health.（太多的压力对我们的健康有害。） She feels a lot of stress before exams.（她考试前感到很大的压力。） 【短语、搭配】under stress 处于压力之下feel stress 感到压力reduce stress 减少压力 suffer from stress stress承受压力deal with stress应付压力 例：He works well even under stress.（即使在压力下，他也能很好地工作。） She is under great stress because of the upcoming exam.（因为即将到来的考试，她压力很大。） 【词性变换】stressful adj. 充满压力的；紧张的stressed adj. 感到有压力的 例：My job is very stressful.（我的工作充满了压力。） 16. On the other hand, opinions express a feeling or belief. 另一方面，观点表达的是一种感觉或看法。 （1）on the other hand另一方面 on the other hand可单独使用，也可用于在“on the one hand…, on the other hand…. ”结构中，表示“一方面……，另一方面……”。 例：On the one hand, online shopping is very convenient; on the other hand, there are also some risks such as poor product quality.（一方面，网上购物非常方便；另一方面，也存在一些风险，比如产品质量差。） 17、His latest app allows people around the world to find study partners for learning Italian. 他最新的应用程序能让世界各地的人找到学习意大利语的伙伴。 （1）allow v. 使……成为可能; 允许 allow 作动词，意为 “允许；准许；使…… 成为可能”。 例：The school doesn't allow smoking on campus.（学校不允许在校园内吸烟。） 【短语、搭配】allow sb. to do sth. （允许某人做某事） allow doing sth. （允许做某事） be allowed to do sth. 被允许做某事（被动语态） 例：My parents don't allow me to stay up late.（我的父母不允许我熬夜。） The school allows smoking in the rest room.（学校允许在休息室吸烟。） Students are allowed to wear school uniforms only.（学生们只被允许穿校服。） 18、"It gives me such a sense of achievement to see people using the app,"says Luca.“看到人们使用这款应用程序，我会有一种巨大的成就感。”卢卡说。 （1）sense n. 感觉; 感官 v. 感觉到；意识到 sense 作名词，表示 “感觉；意识”，可数或不可数名词；也可以表示 “感官”（如视觉、听觉等），常用复数形式senses。 例：I have a strange sense of danger.（我有一种奇怪的危险感。） Dogs have a strong sense of smell.（狗有敏锐的嗅觉。） 【词性变换】sensible adj.明智的 sensitive adj.敏感的 【短语、搭配】a sense of humor 幽默感 make sense 有意义；讲得通 make sense of 理解；明白 例：He is a man with a good sense of humor.（他是一个有幽默感的人。） This sentence doesn't make sense.（这个句子讲不通。） （2）achievement n. 成就 achievement 作名词，意为 “成就；成绩；功绩”，表抽象的 “成就” 时为不可数名词，表具体的 “某项成就” 时为可数名词，复数形式为achievements。 例：Winning the match is a great achievement for him.（赢得这场比赛对他来说是一项伟大的成就。） He is proud of his academic achievements.（他为自己的学术成就感到自豪。）（可数） 【词性变换】achieve v. 实现；达到；取得 例：She worked hard to achieve her dream.（她努力工作以实现自己的梦想。） 【短语、搭配】make an achievement取得一项成就 the achievement of sth.某事的实现/完成 great achievement（伟大的成就） 例：Climbing Mount Everest is a great achievement for many mountaineers.（攀登珠穆朗玛峰对许多登山者来说是一项伟大的成就。） She made a great achievement in her career at a young age.（她年纪轻轻就在事业上取得了巨大成就。） The team made an achievement by winning the championship.（这支队伍通过赢得冠军取得了成就。） 19. She dreams of travelling to these places in the future! 她梦想未来能去这些地方旅行 （1）dream of 梦想 dream of 意为 “梦想；渴望；希望”，后接名词、代词或动名词，相当于 dream about，表 “梦想做某事”。 例：He dreams of becoming a famous singer.（他梦想成为一名著名的歌手。） I dream of visiting the Great Wall one day.（我梦想有一天能参观长城。） 【短语辨析】dream of = dream about 梦想…… 例：She hopes to study abroad in the future.（她希望将来能出国留学。） 20. Any suggestions? 有什么建议吗？ （1）suggestion n. 建议; 提议 suggestion 作名词，意为 “建议；提议”，为可数名词，复数形式为suggestions，常与介词 about, on 搭配，表 “关于…… 的建议”。 例：Can you give me some suggestions on how to learn English?（你能给我一些关于如何学英语的建议吗？） His suggestion is very useful.（他的建议很有用。） 【词性变换】suggest v. 建议；提议 例：He suggests going for a walk after dinner.（他建议晚饭后去散步。） 【短语、搭配】make a suggestion “提出建议” give a suggestion 提建议 follow a suggestion 听从建议 例：Thank you for your suggestion. I'll think about it carefully.（谢谢你的建议。我会认真考虑的。） His suggestion was accepted by most of the people at the meeting.（他的建议在会议上被大多数人接受了。） The manager made a suggestion to improve the work efficiency.（经理提出了提高工作效率的建议。） Can you make a suggestion on how to solve this problem?（你能就如何解决这个问题提出建议吗？） 【辨析】suggestion 与advice suggestion 表示“建议”时，为可数名词，可直接用a、some、many等词修饰，其复数形式为suggestions advice 不可数名词，不能直接用数词或many、a few等来修饰，表示“一条建议”应用 a piece of advice 例：I always follow my father's advice when I'm in trouble.（当我遇到麻烦时，我总是听从我父亲的建议。） The doctor gave me some advice on how to keep healthy.（医生给了我一些关于如何保持健康的建议。） 21、I should get over my fear of failure and just try to have fun.我应该克服对失败的恐惧，只试着从中获得乐趣。 （1）failure n. 失败 failure 作名词，可以表示抽象的 “失败”，不可数名词，也可以表示具体的 “失败的人或事”，可数名词。 例：Failure is the mother of success.（失败是成功之母。） The party was a complete failure.（这次聚会是一次彻底的失败。） 【词性变换】fail v. 失败；未能（做到）；不及格 例：He failed in the math exam.（他数学考试不及格。） 22、I didn't want to talk to my instructor about it because he seemed very strict.我不想和我的教练说这件事，因为他看起来很严厉。 （1）strict adj. 严厉的; 严格的 strict 作形容词，意为 “严厉的；严格的”。 例：She is strict about the quality of her work; no mistakes are allowed.（她对工作质量要求严格，不允许任何错误。） 【词性变换】strictly adv. 严格地；严厉地strictness n. 严格；严厉 【短语、搭配】be strict with sb. （对某人严格） be strict in sth. （对某事严格）。 例：My teacher is very strict with us.（我的老师对我们很严格。） He is strict in his work.（他对工作很严格。） 23、However,we chatted after class one day,and I realized that he was surprisingly nice!然而，有一天下课后我们闲聊，我意识到他出人意料地友好! （1）surprisingly adv. 出人意料地；惊人地 surprisingly 作副词，意为 “出人意料地；惊人地；令人惊讶地”，可修饰形容词、副词或整个句子，修饰整个句子时放在句首，用逗号隔开。 例：Surprisingly, he passed the exam.（令人惊讶的是，他通过了考试。） The task is surprisingly easy.（这项任务出人意料地简单。） 【词性变换】surprise n. 惊讶 v. 使惊讶 surprised adj. 感到惊讶的（修饰人） surprising adj. 令人惊讶的（修饰物） 例：To my surprise, he is late again.（令我惊讶的是，他又迟到了。） 24、My greatest achievement so far is dancing in front of hundreds of people last year. 到目前为止，我最大的成就是去年在数百人面前跳舞。 （1）so far到目前为止 so far 为固定短语，意为 “到目前为止；迄今为止”，在句中作时间状语，常用于现在完成时，强调从过去开始一直持续到现在的情况。 例：So far, we have learned 20 English songs.（到目前为止，我们已经学了 20 首英文歌。）I haven't heard from him so far.（到目前为止，我还没有收到他的来信。） 【近义短语】so far = up to now 到目前为止 例：Until now, he hasn't finished his homework.（直到现在，他还没写完作业。） 一、单项选择 1．I felt ________ when I tried skiing for the first time, but I was excited too. A．scare B．scared C．scary D．scaring 2．—Would you like to go on an ________ with us this weekend? —Sure! I want to enjoy the fresh air in the mountains. A．outing B．interview C．exam D．activity 3．The first step of learning skiing is always the hardest, but you shouldn’t ________ easily. A．get over B．give up C．get into D．give away 4．—Why do you like hiking? —Because it helps me ________ my stress and enjoy nature. A．reduce B．develop C．receive D．produce 5．My teacher encourages me ________ calligraphy every day to improve my patience. A．practise B．to practise C．practising D．practised 6．The new sofa ________ too much space in our small room. A．takes up B．gives up C．gets over D．gets into 7．He usually gets poor grades in math exams, but ________, he got full marks in the last exam. A．luckily B．finally C．surprisingly D．suddenly 8．My parents are very ________ with me. They always ask me to finish my homework on time. A．scared B．friendly C．patient D．strict 9．In fact, many people have a ________ of snakes. That’s to say, they are afraid to see them. A．poem B．program C．fear D．dream 10．Don’t worry. I’m sure you can ________ the difficulties. A．get over B．get back C．get into D．get up 11．—My son often stays up playing games. I’m really worried.                              —You should stop him at once, or he will ________ a bad habit. A．turn into B．get into C．look into D．run into 12．—We learned a great ________ To My Son by Lu You. It shows his strong love for his country.     　 —I know it! It’s really a wonderful work with deep feelings. A．music B．article C．poem D．notice 13．—Let’s meet at the school gate at 7:00 tomorrow morning to go to the museum together. —OK. ________ A．That’s all right. B．Help yourself. C．Good luck! D．It’s a deal. 14．—What time shall we meet at the school gate tomorrow?                                     —________. Any time is OK for me. A．Up to you B．You wish C．Sounds great D．Never mind 15．—How can we ________ our thanks to the teacher for her great help?    —We can make a small gift for her and write a thank-you note. A．experience B．expect C．express D．explain 二、单词拼写 16．Most (important), you should tell your parents first. 17．It’s important (express) your feelings to your parents. 18．Thanks for your (suggest). It really helped me solve the problem. 19．To keep safe, we must (strict) follow the traffic rules. 20．I went (ski) with my brother last weekend. 21．The local people are friendly to these (foreign) and always help them. 22．The (achieve) of his dream made his parents very proud. 23．The teacher allows us (use) dictionaries in the exam. 24．My brother wants to be a (program) when he grows up. 25．He is scared of (ski) because he once fell down. 26．If you don’t (归还，回来) the money to her on time, she will never trust you again. 27．My uncle bought a special (硬币) for me as a birthday gift. 28．I need to buy a bottle of black (墨水) for my calligraphy class. 29．Doing some exercise every day can help (减少) pressure in life. 30．Our swimming (教练) is very kind and patient to all of us. 31．My grandma likes to practice c every morning to relax. 32．The teacher is very s with us in our studies, but we all love her. 33．He has a strong s of happiness when he stays with his family. 34．Too much s can make you feel tired and unhappy. 35．—Can you m to arrive at the station before 8 o’clock? —No problem. 三、完成句子 36．不要害怕犯错，只管自信一点，放手去试一试。 Don’t be afraid of making mistakes; just be confident and . 37．她很勇敢，但她害怕医生。 She was very brave, but she was the doctor. 38．——今天下午你愿意和我一起去滑冰吗？——我很想去。 —Would you like to with me this afternoon? —Yes, I’d love to. 39．她害怕在公众面前表达自己的想法。 She is scared her ideas in public. 40．你这个周末打算做什么？ What are you this weekend? 41．—你空闲时间做什么？ —我吹长笛放松。 —What do you do ? —I play the flute . 42．做瑜伽是一种减少压力的好方法。 Doing yoga is a good way stress. 43．我们应该绝不放弃我们的梦想。 We should never our dreams. 44．不要让自己陷入不好的学习习惯中。 Don’t let yourself bad study habits. 45．作为回报，我送给她一瓶书法墨水。 , I sent her a bottle of calligraphy . 46．她终于克服了对滑雪的恐惧。 She finally her fear of skiing. 47．他梦想成为一名优秀的书法教练。 He a good calligraphy instructor. 48．我父母不允许我吃垃圾食品，但偶尔会让我尝一尝。 My parents don’t allow me to eat junk food, but they let me taste it . 49．即使你想取得更好的成绩，也不应该把自己逼得太紧。 You shouldn’t even if you want to get better grades. 50．我们必须学会应对日常生活中的各种各样的困难。 We must learn to all kinds of difficulties in our daily life. 四、选词填空 （一）用所给短语的适当形式填空 at first, get over, in return, spend...doing..., be good for, encourage sb to do sth, be worried about, allow sb to do sth, give it a go, dream of 51． , I didn’t like running, but now it’s my daily exercise. 52．My English teacher always speak English as much as possible. 53．Eating more vegetables our health. 54．I usually one hour books every evening. 55．She helped me with my math homework, and , I bought her a cup of milk tea. 56．You should your shyness and talk with new classmates bravely. 57．My parents watch TV for half an hour after finishing homework. 58．Don’t my study. I can learn well by myself. 59．He has becoming a basketball player since he was a child. 60．This game is a little difficult, but you should    and have a try. 五、完形填空 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 Free time is a special gift for students. It helps us relax and grow. I like to spend my free time in many ways. On weekends, I often 61 calligraphy to practice my handwriting. It makes me calm and helps me 62 my stress. Sometimes, I go on an outing with my friends. We walk to the countryside to enjoy the 63 scenery. We talk, laugh and take photos there. It’s a wonderful way to 64 with nature. I also like to write poems to 65 my ideas about life and beauty. My friends say my poems are inspiring and they 66 me a lot. When I feel tired, I do yoga or practice kung fu. These activities keep me 67 and energetic. I know it’s important to 68 a balance between study and hobbies. We should not only study hard but also 69 time to enjoy our free time. If you are stressed, try my ways. You will 70 that relaxing is not a waste of time. It helps you study better and live a happier life. 61．A．practice B．practices C．practicing D．to practice 62．A．reduce B．reducing C．to reduce D．reduced 63．A．boring B．terrible C．beautiful D．simple 64．A．connect B．to connect C．connecting D．connected 65．A．express B．to express C．expressing D．expressed 66．A．inspire B．inspired C．inspiring D．to inspire 67．A．sick B．tired C．healthy D．angry 68．A．keep B．to keep C．keeping D．kept 69．A．spend B．to spend C．spending D．spent 70．A．find B．to find C．finding D．found 六、任务型阅读 Hobbies are an important part of a teenager’s life. A teenager can learn more about history, social science, culture and so on from hobbies. Here are some hobbies for teenagers. Collecting things Coins may be too dull for teenagers, but stamps, tickets and even T-shirts can be great things to collect. Teenagers can collect things that do not cost much. No matter what they collect, the most important thing is the information they get from the collection. Writing Writing can be a great hobby for teenagers.They can improve their language skills through it. Writing a diary can help teenagers get into their personal world. It is important for their development. They can also write stories. Building Models, birdhouses and anything else that teenagers make with their own hands can make them happy. Building things is a great hobby because it is easy to start. Most teenagers can find interesting things to build. Building things can help them improve their creativity (创造力). Music Do you dream of being a music star? Music can make teenagers confident. Sometimes teenagers can learn music in a music club and make friends with the people who have the same hobbies there. 根据短文内容，回答下列问题。 71．What’s the most important thing to teenagers in collecting things? . 72．Which skills can teenagers improve through writing? . 73．Why is building things a great hobby? . 74．Where can teenagers learn music and make friends? . 75．Do you think hobbies are important to teenagers? Why or why not? . 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 1 Time to Relax 教材词句语篇重难点解析 知识清单：单元基础知识归纳、速记，词汇、短语梳理，查漏补缺。 重难点讲解：语篇翻译，词、句重难点知识讲解，能力提升。 成果检测：学以致用，学测结合，全面突破，提升素养。 基础知识清单： 重 点 单 词 一、课标要求重点掌握单词： ski v. 滑雪 program v. 编写程序 n. 程序; 节目; 项目 express v. 表达; 表示 instructor n. 教练; 指导者 scared adj. 害怕的; 对……感到惊慌的 fear n. & v. 害怕; 担忧 poem n. 诗 single adj. 单个的; 单身的 return n. & v. 回来; 归还 deal n. 交易; 协议 v. 对付 manage v. 完成(困难的事); 管理 push v. 督促; 推 chat v. & n. 闲聊 outing n. 出外游玩; 远足 reduce v. 减少 stress n. 精神压力; 紧张 object n. 物品; 宾语 programmer n. 程序设计员 allow v. 使……成为可能; 允许 achievement n. 成就 coin n. 硬币 stamp n. 邮票 teenage adj. 青少年的 postcard n. 明信片 rather adv. 相当; 更准确地说 foreign adj. 外国的; 国外的 suggestion n. 建议; 提议 failure n. 失败 strict adj. 严厉的; 严格的 surprisingly adv. 出人意料地; 惊人地 stage n. 舞台; 阶段 importantly adv. 重要地 二、需了解熟悉的单词： calligraphy n. 书法 stroke n. 笔画; 击球 ink n. 墨水 ice-skate v.滑冰；溜冰 yoga n. 瑜伽 Italian adj. 意大利的; 意大利人的; 意大利语的 n. 意大利人; 意大利语 old-fashioned adj. 过时的; 守旧的 inspiration n. 鼓舞人心或启发灵感的人(或事物);灵感 单词变形 1. ski v. 滑雪→ skiing n. 滑雪运动 2. program v. 编写程序；n. 程序；节目；项目 → programmer n. 程序员 3. express v. 表达；表示 → expression n. 表达；表情 4. instructor n. 教练；指导者 → instruct v. 指导；教授 → instruction n. 指示；指导 5. scared adj. 害怕的；对…… 感到惊慌的 → scare v. 使害怕；惊吓→ scary adj. 吓人的；可怕的 6. poem n. 诗 → poet n. 诗人 7. manage v. 完成（困难的事）；管理 → management n. 管理；经营 → manager n. 经理；管理者 8. reduce v. 减少；缩小 → reduction n. 减少；降低 9. stress n. 精神压力；紧张→ stressed adj. 焦虑的；紧张 → stressful adj. 有压力的；紧张的 10. object n. 物品；宾语→object v. 反对；拒绝 → objection n. 反对；异议 → objective adj. 客观的；目标的；n. 目标 11. sense n. 感觉；感官→ sensible adj. 明智的；合理的 → sensitive adj. 敏感的；易受影响的 12. achievement n. 成就；成绩 → achieve v. 实现；获得 13. teenage adj. 青少年的 → teenager n. 青少年（13-19 岁） 14. foreign adj. 外国的；国外的 → foreigner n. 外国人 15. suggestion n. 建议；提议 → suggest v. 建议 16. failure n. 失败 → fail v. 失败 17. inspiration n. 鼓舞人心或启发灵感的人(或事物);灵感 → inspire v. 激励；鼓舞 18. surprisingly adv. 出人意料地；惊人地 → surprise v. 使惊讶；n. 惊讶 → surprising adj. 令人惊讶的 → surprised adj. 感到惊讶的 19. importantly adv. 重要地 → important adj. 重要的；重大的 → importance n. 重要性；重大 重点短语 free time空闲时间 play the flute 吹笛子 do calligraphy 练习书法 express feelings 表达感情 ice skating 滑冰 give up 放弃 scared of 害怕; 恐惧 get over 克服(困难); 解决(问题) up to正在做; 由某人决定 in return 作为回报 get into 开始做某事; 进入 give it a go 试一试某事 once in a while 偶尔地; 间或 go on an outing 出外游玩 dream of 梦想; 希望 clam down 冷静下来 at the same time 同一时间 take up a hobby 发展一个兴趣爱好 so far 到目前为止 a sense of achievement 一种成就感 in front of 在…前面 at first 首先 a good way to 一个好的方法去… in nature 在自然界里 prefer to make things 更喜欢制作东西 such an amazing experience 一次非常奇妙的经历 核心句式 1. 你在忙什么呢？ What are you up to? 2. 作为回报，我可以教你弹一首歌。 I can teach you to play a song in return. 3. 这很困难，但他总是鼓励我不要放弃。 It's diticult, but he always encourages me not to give up. 4. 我喜欢看功夫电影来放松。 I 1ove to watch kungfu movies to relax. 5. 我看到我妈妈画画，于是我决定也试试。 I saw my mother paint.I decided to give it ago. 6. 相反，这个意大利少年发现制作手机应用程序很有趣。 Instead, this Italian teenager finds it fun to make mobile phone apps. 7. 万事开头难。 The first step is always the hardest. 8. 看到人们使用这个应用，我感到非常有成就感。 It gives me such a sense of achievement to see people using the app. 9. 虽然一开始很难，但我没有放弃。 Although it was difficult at first, I didn’t give up. 10. —你空闲时间做什么？—我弹奏琵琶是为了放松。 —What do you do in your free time? —I play the flute to relax. 11. 重要的是不要忘记偶尔放松一下。 It's important not to forget to relax once in a while. 12. 她非常喜欢它，把它挂在卧室的墙上！ She liked it so much that she put it up on her bedroom wall! 13. 我很幸运有她在我的生活中。 I'm lucky to have her in my life. 14. 我应该克服对失败的恐惧，只试着从中获得乐趣。 I should get over my fear of failure and just try to have fun. Section A 词句语篇重点知识解析： 一、Section A部分语篇翻译： 语篇Section A 3a Peter: Hey Yaming! What are you up to? Yaming: Hi Peter. I'm doing calligraphy. Peter:"It's beautiful! What are you writing? Yaming: It's a poem by Li Bai. My grandmother taught me how to write it. Peter:What's this character? Yaming: It's yue. It means “moon”. Peter:It's nice! I like watching you write like that. But it looks difficult. Yaming: Well, the first step is always the hardest. When I started to do calligraphy, I spent hours practising single strokes. Peter:I know how that feels! My dad's teaching me to play the guitar. It's difficult, but he always encourages me not to give up. Yaming: Exactly. Now I do calligraphy to relax. I even like how the ink smells!Why did you choose to play the guitar? Peter:I think playing the guitar is cool. Will you teach me to write a poem? I can teach you to play a song in return. Yaming: It's a deal! 彼得：嘿，亚明！你在忙什么呢？ 亚明：嗨，彼得。我正在写书法。 彼得：真漂亮！你在写什么？ 亚明：是李白的一首诗。我奶奶教我写的。 彼得：这个字是什么？ 亚明：是 “月” 字。意思是 “月亮”。 彼得：很不错！我喜欢看你那样写字。但这看起来很难。 亚明：嗯，万事开头难嘛。我刚开始写书法的时候，花了好几个小时练习单笔划。 彼得：我懂那种感觉！我爸爸在教我弹吉他。很难，但他总是鼓励我不要放弃。亚明：确实如此。现在我写书法是为了放松。我甚至喜欢墨水的味道！你为什 么选择弹吉他？ 彼得：我觉得弹吉他很酷。你能教我写诗吗？作为回报，我可以教你弹一首歌。亚明：就这么定了！ 二、Section A部分教材词句重难点解析： 1、ski v. 滑雪 ski 作动词，意为 “滑雪”。 例：They like to ski in winter.（他们喜欢在冬天滑雪。） 【短语、搭配】go skiing 去滑雪 拓展：go swimming 去游泳 go shopping 去购物 例：We decided to go skiing in the mountains this winter vacation.（我们决定这个寒假去山上滑雪。） 2、program v. 编写程序 n. 程序; 节目; 项目 program可以作动词，意为“编写程序”。program可以还作名词，意为“(计算机领域的)程序；节目; 项目”，当表达“节目; 项目”的意思时，也可以写作programme。 例：He spends hours every day programming new software.（他每天花几个小时编写新软件。） The TV program last night was really interesting.（昨晚的电视节目非常有趣。） They are developing a new program to improve efficiency.（他们正在开发一个新项目以提高效率。） 【词性变换】programmer n. 程序设计员 3、To express feelings.为了表达情感。 （1）express v. 表达; 表示 express 作动词，意为 “表达；表示”，及物动词，后可接情感、想法、观点等作宾语，也可接双宾语。 例：She expressed her thanks to the teacher.（她向老师表达了感谢。） Words can't express my happiness.（语言无法表达我的快乐。） 【词性变换】expression n. 表达；表情；词语 【短语、搭配】express one's feelings 表达情感 express oneself 表达自己的想法 express sth. to sb. 向某人表达某事 例：Students should learn to express themselves clearly.（学生们应该学会清晰地表达自己的想法。） He expressed his concerns about the project to the manager.（他向经理表达了对这个项目的担忧。） It's important for children to learn how to express themselves clearly.（对孩子们来说，学会如何清晰地表达自己的观点很重要。） 4、Fu Xing used to be scared of water, but she started swimming to get over her fear. 付兴过去害怕水，但她开始游泳来克服她的恐惧。 （1）scared adj. 害怕的; 对……感到惊慌的 scared 作形容词，意为 “害怕的；惊慌的”，用于描述人的感受，在句中常作表语，也可作定语。 例：I am scared of big dogs.（我害怕大狗。） The scared girl is crying for her mother.（那个受惊的女孩正在哭着找妈妈。） 【词性变换】scare v. 使害怕；惊吓 n. 恐惧 scary adj. 可怕的；吓人的 【短语、搭配】be scared of (doing) sth./sb. 害怕某物 / 某人 be scared to do sth. 害怕做某事 be scared that... 担心…… 例：She is scared to go out alone at night.（她害怕晚上独自出门。） She is scared of spiders and screams every time she sees one.（她害怕蜘蛛，每次看到都会尖叫。） He is scared of flying and prefers to travel by train.（他害怕坐飞机，更喜欢乘火车旅行。） She was scared to tell her parents the truth about what happened.（她不敢告诉父母所发生事情的真相。） 【易混词辨析】scared 用于形容人的感受，scary用于描述事物的特征。 例：The little girl was scared when she saw the big dog barking at her.（小女孩看到大狗朝她狂吠时，吓得要命。) The haunted house was really scary. （那座鬼屋真的很吓人。） （2）get over 克服(困难); 解决(问题) get over 为 “动词 + 副词” 型短语，意为 “克服（困难）；解决（问题）；从（疾病、悲伤）中恢复”，及物动词短语，后接困难、问题、疾病等作宾语。 例：We must get over the difficulties together.（我们必须一起克服这些困难。） It took her a long time to get over the cold.（她花了很长时间才从感冒中恢复。） （3）fear n. & v. 害怕; 担忧 fear 作名词时，意为 “害怕；担忧”，可作不可数名词，也可指具体的 “恐惧的事”，这时是可数名词；也可作动词，意为 “害怕；担忧”，可接名词、代词或宾语从句。 例：She has a great fear of heights.（她非常恐高。） We fear that we will be late for school.（我们担心上学要迟到了。） 【短语、搭配】in fear 恐惧地；害怕地for fear of 生怕；以免 例：They ran away in fear.（他们害怕地跑开了。） He took an umbrella for fear of rain.（他带了一把伞，生怕下雨。） 5、What are you up to?  你在做什么呢? 这里的up to意为“正在做”，相当于What are you doing ?  例：—Hi, Tom! What are you up to?（嗨，汤姆！你在忙什么？） — I'm doing my homework.（我在写作业。） 【拓展】up to的其他意义： (1)“up to +人”可表示“由某人决定”。 例：It's up to you to decide where we should go for dinner tonight.（今晚我们去哪里吃晚饭由你决定。） (2)“up to + 数量”可表示“数量达到......；数量至多有......”。 例：The project is up to 50% complete.（这个项目已经完成了50%。） (3)“up to + 时间”可表示“时间直到......”。 例：He lived in that house up to 1995, when he moved to another city.（他在那所房子里一直住到1995年，那时他搬到了另一个城市。） 6. It's difficult, but he always encourages me not to give up. 那很难，但他总是鼓励我不要放弃。 （1）give up 放弃 give up 为 “动词 + 副词” 型短语，意为 “放弃；停止”，后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。接代词作宾语时，代词必须放在 give 和 up 之间。 例：Don't give up learning English.（不要放弃学习英语。） The problem is hard, but I won't give it up.（这道题很难，但我不会放弃它。） 【短语、搭配】give up doing sth. 放弃做某事 give up smoking 戒烟 例：My father decided to give up smoking last year.（我爸爸去年决定戒烟。） 【拓展】give构成的其他短语 give out 用完；耗尽 give way to 让位于；让步 give back归还；使恢复 give away分发；捐赠；泄露 7. I can teach you to play a song in return. 作为回报，我可以教你弹一首歌。 （1）return n. & v. 回来; 归还 return 作动词时，意为 “回来；返回；归还”，及物动词，表 “归还” 时相当于 give back；作名词时，意为 “回来；返回”，不可数名词。 例：He returned the book to the library yesterday.（他昨天把书还给了图书馆。） We are looking forward to his return.（我们期待着他的归来。） 【短语、搭配】return to sp. 回到某地 return sth. to sb. = return sb. sth. 把某物归还给某人 in return（for sth. ） 作为（对某事的）回报 例：She will return to Beijing next week.（她下周会回到北京。） Please return the pen to me when you finish using it.（你用完钢笔后请还给我。） I will return this book to the library tomorrow.（我明天会把这本书还回图书馆。） I gave him a gift in return for his help.（我送给他一份礼物，作为对他帮助的回报。） He helped me, and I will help him in return.（他帮了我，我会作为回报帮他。） 8、It's a deal! 成交！ （1）deal n. 交易; 协议 v.对付 deal 作名词时，意为 “交易；协议”，可数名词；作动词时，意为 “对付；处理”。 注意：deal 的过去式和过去分词均为 dealt。 例：We made a deal with the shopkeeper.（我们和店主达成了协议。） He doesn't know how to deal with the problem.（他不知道如何处理这个问题。） 【短语、搭配】make / do a deal(with sb. ) （与......）达成协议 It's a deal. 一言为定。 deal with 处理；对付 例：—Let's go for a walk after dinner.（晚饭后我们去散步吧。） —Great! It's a deal.（太好了！一言为定。） The teacher has to deal with a lot of naughty students in class.（老师在课堂上不得不应付很多调皮的学生。） 【辨析】deal with与do with deal with “处理”，侧重方式、方法，常与how连用 do with “处理”，侧重处理的对象，常与what连用 例：What did you do with the old books? （你怎么处理那些旧书的？） I don't know how to deal with this difficult problem. Can you give me some advice?（我不知道如何处理这个难题。你能给我一些建议吗？） 9、How do you usually feel when you manage to do something difficult? 当你完成一件难事 时，通常会有什么感受? （1）manage v. 完成(困难的事); 管理 manage 作动词，意为 “完成（困难的事）；设法做到”，也可以表示 “管理；经营”，后接企业、团队、事务等作宾语。 例：He managed to finish the work on time.（他设法按时完成了这项工作。） My aunt manages a small restaurant in the city.（我的姑姑在城里经营一家小餐馆。） 【词性变换】manager n. 经理；管理者management n. 管理；经营 【短语、搭配】manage to do sth. 设法做成某事 例：Although it was raining heavily, he managed to arrive at the meeting on time.（尽管雨下得很大，他还是设法按时赶到了会议现场。） 10、How did you get into painting?你是怎么开始画画的? （1）get into 开始做某事；进入 get into 为 “动词 + 介词” 型短语，可以表示 “进入” 某个场所、状态；也可以表示 “开始做某事”，尤指开始产生某种习惯或陷入某种状态。 例：We got into the car and left.（我们上了车然后离开了。） He got into the habit of reading every morning.（他养成了每天早上读书的习惯。） 【短语、搭配】 get into trouble 陷入麻烦 get into a fight 打架 例：If you don't study hard, you will get into trouble.（如果你不努力学习，你会陷入麻烦。） 11、It made me decide to try skiing.它让我决定尝试滑雪。 （1）try doing sth.试着做某事 【辨析】try doing sth 尝试做某事 try to do sth 努力做某事 例：If the key doesn't work, try turning it the other way.（如果钥匙不起作用，试着换个方向转。） The firefighters tried to put out the big fire as quickly as possible.（消防员们努力尽快扑灭大火。） 12、My parents told me not to push myself too hard.我父母告诉我不要逼我自己太狠。 （1）push v. 督促; 推 push 作动词，意为 “推；推动”，也可以表示 “督促；逼迫”的意思。 例：Please push the door to open it.（请推门来打开它。） My parents push me to study hard for the exam.（我的父母督促我为考试努力学习。） 【短语、搭配】 push sb. to do sth. 督促某人做某事 push hard 用力推 例：Don't push him too hard. He is already trying his best.（不要把他逼得太紧。他已经在尽力了。） 13、Yes, it's important not to forget to relax once in a while.对，重要的是不要忘记偶尔放松一下。 （1）once in a while 偶尔地；间或 once in a while 意为 “偶尔地；间或；时不时”，在句中作时间状语，相当于 sometimes 或 at times，常用于一般现在时。 例：I go to the cinema once in a while.（我偶尔去看电影。） He visits his grandparents once in a while.（他时不时去看望他的祖父母。） 14、chat v. & n. 闲聊 chat 作动词时，意为 “闲聊；聊天”，不及物动词，常与介词 with 或 to 搭配；作名词时，意为 “闲聊；聊天”，可数名词。 例：We like to chat with our friends after class.（我们喜欢课后和朋友聊天。） I had a long chat with my teacher yesterday.（我昨天和老师聊了很久。） 【短语、搭配】chat with sb. 和某人聊天 have a chat 闲聊online chat 在线聊天 例：They often have a chat on the phone.（他们经常在电话里闲聊。） They often chat with each other during the break.（他们经常在课间闲聊。） Section B 词句语篇重点知识解析： 一、Section B部分语篇翻译： Section A, 1b Hobbies That Are Good for You When work or school is over, what do you do to pass the time? Do you spend time on hobbies you love? Reading or listening to music can help us to calm down after a busy day. Physical hobbies, such as playing tennis or doing yoga, can help us to keep fit. And some hobbies are creative. For example,people sometimes paint pictures to remember a beautiful landscape or object, or reduce stress. Luca Bruno likes to be creative in his free time. But he doesn't make art or write stories. Instead, this Italian teenager finds it fun to make mobile phone apps. He thinks that apps can be a great way to help people. He started programming when he was ten, after he read about famous businessmen who started out as programmers. His latest app allows people around the world to find study partners for learning Italian. They can learn Italian and make friends at the same time! "It gives me such a sense of achievement to see people using the app," says Luca. "I believe I'm helping people around the world to learn Italian!" Some people prefer not to make things. They prefer to collect them! In India, Maya Badal doesn't collect coins or stamps. Instead, this teenage girl collects postcards! "I know some people think postcards are rather old-fashioned, but I think they're a good way to learn about different places," Maya says. "I think it's interesting to see the beautiful buildings and landscapes in foreign countries. " Maya's first postcard shows the Mogao Caves in Dunhuang. Her dad sent it to her when she was five, and she liked it so much that she put it up on her bedroom wall! Now there are over one hundred postcards from thirty-two countries on Maya's walls. She dreams of travelling to these places in the future! 对你有益的爱好 当工作或学校的学习结束后，你会做些什么来打发时间？你会把时间花在自己喜 爱的爱好上吗？阅读或听音乐能帮助我们在忙碌的一天后平静下来。体育类爱好，比如打网球或做瑜伽，能帮助我们保持健康。还有一些爱好是富有创造性的。例如，人们有时会画画，以此来记住美丽的风景或事物，或者缓解压力。 卢卡・布鲁诺喜欢在空闲时间进行创造性活动。但他不进行艺术创作或写故事。相反，这位意大利少年觉得制作手机应用程序很有趣。他认为应用程序可以成为帮助人们的好方式。他十岁时就开始编程了，那是在他了解到一些著名商人最初是程序员之后。他最新的应用程序能让世界各地的人找到学习意大利语的学习伙伴。他们可以同时学习意大利语和交朋友！ “看到人们使用这个应用程序，我有一种很强的成就感，” 卢卡说，“我相信我正在帮助世界各地的人学习意大利语！” 有些人更喜欢收集东西，而不是制作东西！在印度，玛雅・巴达尔不收集硬币或邮票。相反，这个十几岁的女孩收集明信片！ “我知道有些人认为明信片相当过时，但我认为它们是了解不同地方的好方式，” 玛雅说，“我觉得欣赏外国美丽的建筑和风景很有趣。” 玛雅的第一张明信片展示的是敦煌莫高窟。她五岁时，爸爸送给了她这张明信片，她非常喜欢，就把它贴在了卧室的墙上！现在，玛雅的墙上有来自 32 个国家的一百多张明信片。她梦想着未来能去这些地方旅行！ Section B, 3a What is your favourite free-time activity? Hi, everyone! I'd like to take up a new free - time activity, and I'm hoping to get some ideas. What do you do? Why do you like it? Please tell me more! I have many free-time activities, like painting, writing poems, and reading. But my favourite free - time activity is horse riding. When I was six, I visited my grandfather's farm, and he took me to ride a horse. It was such an amazing experience! Now I do it at his farm every weekend with my favourite horse, Nini. I love horse riding because I enjoy being in nature. Horse riding also helps me stay fit. But most importantly, it lets me spend time with Nini! She's my best friend. She's happy to see me whenever I visit, especially when I bring her some carrots for a snack! I'm lucky to have her in my life. 你最喜欢的业余活动是什么 大家好！我想培养一项新的业余活动，希望能得到一些想法。你们都做些什么（业余活动）？为什么喜欢它？请多跟我讲讲！ 我有很多业余活动，比如绘画、写诗和阅读。但我最喜欢的业余活动是骑马。 我六岁的时候，去了爷爷的农场，他带我去骑马。那是一次非常棒的经历！现在我每个周末都会去他的农场，和我最喜欢的马妮妮一起骑马。 我喜欢骑马，因为我喜欢置身于大自然中。骑马也有助于我保持健康。但最重要的是，它能让我和妮妮共度时光！它是我最好的朋友。每次我去看它，它都很高兴，尤其是当我给它带些胡萝卜当零食的时候！我的生活中有它，真的很幸运。 二、Section B部分教材词句重难点解析： 15、to reduce stress 减轻压力 （1）reduce v. 减少 reduce 作动词，意为 “减少；降低”，后接数量、压力、成本、污染等作宾语。 例：We should reduce the use of plastic bags.（我们应该减少塑料袋的使用。） The school reduced the homework for students.（学校减少了学生的作业量。） 【词性变换】reduction n.减少；降低 【短语、搭配】reduce stress 减少压力reduce pollution 减少污染 例：Doing exercise can help you reduce stress.（做运动可以帮你减少压力。） The driver reduced speed when he saw the red light ahead.（司机看到前方红灯时减速了。） （2）stress n. 精神压力; 紧张 stress 作名词，意为 “精神压力；紧张；压力”。 例：Too much stress is bad for our health.（太多的压力对我们的健康有害。） She feels a lot of stress before exams.（她考试前感到很大的压力。） 【短语、搭配】under stress 处于压力之下feel stress 感到压力reduce stress 减少压力 suffer from stress stress承受压力deal with stress应付压力 例：He works well even under stress.（即使在压力下，他也能很好地工作。） She is under great stress because of the upcoming exam.（因为即将到来的考试，她压力很大。） 【词性变换】stressful adj. 充满压力的；紧张的stressed adj. 感到有压力的 例：My job is very stressful.（我的工作充满了压力。） 16. On the other hand, opinions express a feeling or belief. 另一方面，观点表达的是一种感觉或看法。 （1）on the other hand另一方面 on the other hand可单独使用，也可用于在“on the one hand…, on the other hand…. ”结构中，表示“一方面……，另一方面……”。 例：On the one hand, online shopping is very convenient; on the other hand, there are also some risks such as poor product quality.（一方面，网上购物非常方便；另一方面，也存在一些风险，比如产品质量差。） 17、His latest app allows people around the world to find study partners for learning Italian. 他最新的应用程序能让世界各地的人找到学习意大利语的伙伴。 （1）allow v. 使……成为可能; 允许 allow 作动词，意为 “允许；准许；使…… 成为可能”。 例：The school doesn't allow smoking on campus.（学校不允许在校园内吸烟。） 【短语、搭配】allow sb. to do sth. （允许某人做某事） allow doing sth. （允许做某事） be allowed to do sth. 被允许做某事（被动语态） 例：My parents don't allow me to stay up late.（我的父母不允许我熬夜。） The school allows smoking in the rest room.（学校允许在休息室吸烟。） Students are allowed to wear school uniforms only.（学生们只被允许穿校服。） 18、"It gives me such a sense of achievement to see people using the app,"says Luca.“看到人们使用这款应用程序，我会有一种巨大的成就感。”卢卡说。 （1）sense n. 感觉; 感官 v. 感觉到；意识到 sense 作名词，表示 “感觉；意识”，可数或不可数名词；也可以表示 “感官”（如视觉、听觉等），常用复数形式senses。 例：I have a strange sense of danger.（我有一种奇怪的危险感。） Dogs have a strong sense of smell.（狗有敏锐的嗅觉。） 【词性变换】sensible adj.明智的 sensitive adj.敏感的 【短语、搭配】a sense of humor 幽默感 make sense 有意义；讲得通 make sense of 理解；明白 例：He is a man with a good sense of humor.（他是一个有幽默感的人。） This sentence doesn't make sense.（这个句子讲不通。） （2）achievement n. 成就 achievement 作名词，意为 “成就；成绩；功绩”，表抽象的 “成就” 时为不可数名词，表具体的 “某项成就” 时为可数名词，复数形式为achievements。 例：Winning the match is a great achievement for him.（赢得这场比赛对他来说是一项伟大的成就。） He is proud of his academic achievements.（他为自己的学术成就感到自豪。）（可数） 【词性变换】achieve v. 实现；达到；取得 例：She worked hard to achieve her dream.（她努力工作以实现自己的梦想。） 【短语、搭配】make an achievement取得一项成就 the achievement of sth.某事的实现/完成 great achievement（伟大的成就） 例：Climbing Mount Everest is a great achievement for many mountaineers.（攀登珠穆朗玛峰对许多登山者来说是一项伟大的成就。） She made a great achievement in her career at a young age.（她年纪轻轻就在事业上取得了巨大成就。） The team made an achievement by winning the championship.（这支队伍通过赢得冠军取得了成就。） 19. She dreams of travelling to these places in the future! 她梦想未来能去这些地方旅行 （1）dream of 梦想 dream of 意为 “梦想；渴望；希望”，后接名词、代词或动名词，相当于 dream about，表 “梦想做某事”。 例：He dreams of becoming a famous singer.（他梦想成为一名著名的歌手。） I dream of visiting the Great Wall one day.（我梦想有一天能参观长城。） 【短语辨析】dream of = dream about 梦想…… 例：She hopes to study abroad in the future.（她希望将来能出国留学。） 20. Any suggestions? 有什么建议吗？ （1）suggestion n. 建议; 提议 suggestion 作名词，意为 “建议；提议”，为可数名词，复数形式为suggestions，常与介词 about, on 搭配，表 “关于…… 的建议”。 例：Can you give me some suggestions on how to learn English?（你能给我一些关于如何学英语的建议吗？） His suggestion is very useful.（他的建议很有用。） 【词性变换】suggest v. 建议；提议 例：He suggests going for a walk after dinner.（他建议晚饭后去散步。） 【短语、搭配】make a suggestion “提出建议” give a suggestion 提建议 follow a suggestion 听从建议 例：Thank you for your suggestion. I'll think about it carefully.（谢谢你的建议。我会认真考虑的。） His suggestion was accepted by most of the people at the meeting.（他的建议在会议上被大多数人接受了。） The manager made a suggestion to improve the work efficiency.（经理提出了提高工作效率的建议。） Can you make a suggestion on how to solve this problem?（你能就如何解决这个问题提出建议吗？） 【辨析】suggestion 与advice suggestion 表示“建议”时，为可数名词，可直接用a、some、many等词修饰，其复数形式为suggestions advice 不可数名词，不能直接用数词或many、a few等来修饰，表示“一条建议”应用 a piece of advice 例：I always follow my father's advice when I'm in trouble.（当我遇到麻烦时，我总是听从我父亲的建议。） The doctor gave me some advice on how to keep healthy.（医生给了我一些关于如何保持健康的建议。） 21、I should get over my fear of failure and just try to have fun.我应该克服对失败的恐惧，只试着从中获得乐趣。 （1）failure n. 失败 failure 作名词，可以表示抽象的 “失败”，不可数名词，也可以表示具体的 “失败的人或事”，可数名词。 例：Failure is the mother of success.（失败是成功之母。） The party was a complete failure.（这次聚会是一次彻底的失败。） 【词性变换】fail v. 失败；未能（做到）；不及格 例：He failed in the math exam.（他数学考试不及格。） 22、I didn't want to talk to my instructor about it because he seemed very strict.我不想和我的教练说这件事，因为他看起来很严厉。 （1）strict adj. 严厉的; 严格的 strict 作形容词，意为 “严厉的；严格的”。 例：She is strict about the quality of her work; no mistakes are allowed.（她对工作质量要求严格，不允许任何错误。） 【词性变换】strictly adv. 严格地；严厉地strictness n. 严格；严厉 【短语、搭配】be strict with sb. （对某人严格） be strict in sth. （对某事严格）。 例：My teacher is very strict with us.（我的老师对我们很严格。） He is strict in his work.（他对工作很严格。） 23、However,we chatted after class one day,and I realized that he was surprisingly nice!然而，有一天下课后我们闲聊，我意识到他出人意料地友好! （1）surprisingly adv. 出人意料地；惊人地 surprisingly 作副词，意为 “出人意料地；惊人地；令人惊讶地”，可修饰形容词、副词或整个句子，修饰整个句子时放在句首，用逗号隔开。 例：Surprisingly, he passed the exam.（令人惊讶的是，他通过了考试。） The task is surprisingly easy.（这项任务出人意料地简单。） 【词性变换】surprise n. 惊讶 v. 使惊讶 surprised adj. 感到惊讶的（修饰人） surprising adj. 令人惊讶的（修饰物） 例：To my surprise, he is late again.（令我惊讶的是，他又迟到了。） 24、My greatest achievement so far is dancing in front of hundreds of people last year. 到目前为止，我最大的成就是去年在数百人面前跳舞。 （1）so far到目前为止 so far 为固定短语，意为 “到目前为止；迄今为止”，在句中作时间状语，常用于现在完成时，强调从过去开始一直持续到现在的情况。 例：So far, we have learned 20 English songs.（到目前为止，我们已经学了 20 首英文歌。）I haven't heard from him so far.（到目前为止，我还没有收到他的来信。） 【近义短语】so far = up to now 到目前为止 例：Until now, he hasn't finished his homework.（直到现在，他还没写完作业。） 一、单项选择 1．I felt ________ when I tried skiing for the first time, but I was excited too. A．scare B．scared C．scary D．scaring 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我第一次尝试滑雪时感到很害怕，但我也很兴奋。 考查形容词。scare害怕，动词或名词；scared感到害怕的，修饰人；scary令人害怕的，修饰物；scaring令人害怕的，修饰物。根据“when I tried skiing for the first time,”可知，此处表示第一次滑雪感到害怕，且主语为人。故选B。 2．—Would you like to go on an ________ with us this weekend? —Sure! I want to enjoy the fresh air in the mountains. A．outing B．interview C．exam D．activity 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——这个周末你想和我们一起去远足吗？——当然！我想享受山里的新鲜空气。 考查名词辨析。outing远足，郊游；interview面试；exam考试；activity活动。根据“enjoy the fresh air in the mountains”可知，是去山里“远足”，outing符合语境。故选A。 3．The first step of learning skiing is always the hardest, but you shouldn’t ________ easily. A．get over B．give up C．get into D．give away 【答案】B 【详解】句意：学习滑雪的第一步总是最难的，但你不应该轻易放弃。 考查动词短语。get over克服；give up放弃；get into进入；give away赠送。根据前句“The first step...is always the hardest”可知，第一步最难，后句中的but表转折，因此后句应表示“但是你不应该轻易放弃”。故选B。 4．—Why do you like hiking? —Because it helps me ________ my stress and enjoy nature. A．reduce B．develop C．receive D．produce 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你为什么喜欢徒步？——因为它帮助我减轻压力并享受大自然。 考查动词辨析。reduce减少；develop发展；receive接收；produce生产。根据“my stress”（我的压力）和“enjoy nature”（享受大自然）可知，徒步可以帮助“减轻”压力，reduce符合语境。故选A。 5．My teacher encourages me ________ calligraphy every day to improve my patience. A．practise B．to practise C．practising D．practised 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我的老师鼓励我每天练习书法来提高我的耐心。 考查动词搭配。practise练习，动词原形；to practise练习，动词不定式；practising练习，动名词/现在分词；practised练习，过去式/过去分词。动词“encourage”的常用搭配为“encourage sb. to do sth.”，意为“鼓励某人做某事”，因此空格处应填入动词不定式“to practise”。故选B。 6．The new sofa ________ too much space in our small room. A．takes up B．gives up C．gets over D．gets into 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这张新沙发在我们的小房间里占用了太多空间。 考查动词短语。takes up占用；gives up放弃；gets over克服；gets into进入。根据“The new sofa...too much space in our small room.”可知，沙发在房间里应是“占用”空间，故选A。 7．He usually gets poor grades in math exams, but ________, he got full marks in the last exam. A．luckily B．finally C．surprisingly D．suddenly 【答案】C 【详解】句意：他通常在数学考试中成绩很差，但令人惊讶的是，他在上次考试中得了满分。 考查副词辨析。luckily幸运地；finally最终；surprisingly令人惊讶地；suddenly突然地。根据“He usually gets poor grades in math exams, but...he got full marks in the last exam.”可知，通常成绩差与上次得了满分对比，这种结果是出人意料的，此处强调意外性，surprisingly符合语境。故选C。 8．My parents are very ________ with me. They always ask me to finish my homework on time. A．scared B．friendly C．patient D．strict 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我的父母对我要求很严格。他们总是要求我按时完成作业。 考查形容词辨析。scared害怕的；friendly友好的；patient有耐心的；strict严格的。根据“ask me to finish my homework on time”可知，父母要求我按时完成作业，因此父母在学业上对我要求是“严格的”，strict符合语境。故选D。 9．In fact, many people have a ________ of snakes. That’s to say, they are afraid to see them. A．poem B．program C．fear D．dream 【答案】C 【详解】句意：事实上，很多人对蛇有恐惧。也就是说，他们害怕看到蛇。   考查名词辨析。poem诗歌；program节目；fear恐惧；dream梦想。根据“That’s to say, they are afraid to see them.”（也就是说，他们害怕看到蛇）可知，此处应表示“对蛇有恐惧”，have a fear of是固定搭配，意为“对……感到害怕”。故选C。 10．Don’t worry. I’m sure you can ________ the difficulties. A．get over B．get back C．get into D．get up 【答案】A 【详解】句意：别担心，我相信你能克服这些困难。 考查动词短语。get over克服、恢复；get back返回、取回；get into进入、陷入；get up起床、起身。根据“I’m sure you can...the difficulties.”可知，此处表示“克服困难”，应使用get over。故选A。 11．—My son often stays up playing games. I’m really worried.                              —You should stop him at once, or he will ________ a bad habit. A．turn into B．get into C．look into D．run into 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我儿子经常熬夜玩游戏，我真的很担心。——你应该立刻阻止他，否则他会养成一个坏习惯。 考查动词短语辨析。turn into变成；get into养成，陷入；look into调查；run into偶然遇见，撞上。根据语境，此处表示“养成坏习惯”，应用get into a bad habit。故选B。 12．—We learned a great ________ To My Son by Lu You. It shows his strong love for his country.     　 —I know it! It’s really a wonderful work with deep feelings. A．music B．article C．poem D．notice 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我们学习了一首陆游的《示儿》。它表达了他对国家的强烈热爱。——我知道！它确实是一首充满深情的佳作。 考查名词辨析。music音乐；article文章；poem诗歌；notice通知。根据“To My Son by Lu You”及“a wonderful work with deep feelings”可知，这是陆游的一首著名爱国诗，因此应选“诗歌”。故选C。 13．—Let’s meet at the school gate at 7:00 tomorrow morning to go to the museum together. —OK. ________ A．That’s all right. B．Help yourself. C．Good luck! D．It’s a deal. 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——让我们明天早上7:00在校门口见面，一起去博物馆。——好的。一言为定。 考查情景交际。That’s all right没关系，不客气；Help yourself请自便；Good luck祝你好运；It’s a deal一言为定，成交。根据“Let’s meet at the school gate at 7:00 tomorrow morning to go to the museum together.”可知，上句提出了一个关于见面安排的建议，答语“OK”后应接表示赞同约定的表达，It’s a deal.意为“一言为定”，符合语境。故选D。 14．—What time shall we meet at the school gate tomorrow?                                     —________. Any time is OK for me. A．Up to you B．You wish C．Sounds great D．Never mind 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——明天我们几点在校门口见面？——由你决定。我任何时间都可以。 考查情境交际用语。Up to you由你决定；You wish你想得美；Sounds great听起来很棒；Never mind没关系。根据答语“Any time is OK for me.”可知，答话人表示任何时间都可以，因此把决定权交给对方，故选A。 15．—How can we ________ our thanks to the teacher for her great help?    —We can make a small gift for her and write a thank-you note. A．experience B．expect C．express D．explain 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我们怎样向老师表达对她巨大帮助的感谢呢？——我们可以给她做一份小礼物并写一张感谢卡。 考查动词辨析。experience经历；expect期待；express表达；explain解释。根据“our thanks”以及“We can make a small gift for her and write a thank-you note.”可知，此处表示“表达感谢”，应用express。故选C。 二、单词拼写 16．Most (important), you should tell your parents first. 【答案】importantly 【详解】句意：最重要的是，你应该先告诉你的父母。根据句子结构和语境可知，此处需要用副词来修饰整个句子,important是形容词，其对应的副词形式要在其后面加ly。故填importantly。 17．It’s important (express) your feelings to your parents. 【答案】to express 【详解】句意：向父母表达你的感受是很重要的。“It’s + 形容词 + to do sth.”是固定句型，意为“做某事是……的”，其中“it”作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式。因此需要在“express”前加“to”。故填to express。 18．Thanks for your (suggest). It really helped me solve the problem. 【答案】suggestion 【详解】句意：谢谢你的建议。它确实帮助我解决了问题。此处表示你的“建议”，名词作宾语；suggest“建议”，为动词，其名词形式是suggestion。故填suggestion。 19．To keep safe, we must (strict) follow the traffic rules. 【答案】strictly 【详解】句意：为了保持安全，我们必须严格遵守交通规则。strict“严格的”，此处修饰动词follow，应使用副词形式strictly。故填strictly。 20．I went (ski) with my brother last weekend. 【答案】skiing 【详解】句意：我上周末和哥哥一起去滑雪了。ski“滑雪”，为动词，此处与went构成固定搭配“go doing”，表示“去做某事 (尤指某种活动或运动)”，因此应用其动名词形式skiing。故填skiing。 21．The local people are friendly to these (foreign) and always help them. 【答案】foreigners 【详解】句意：当地人对这些外国人很友好，总是帮助他们。根据“The local people are friendly to these...”可知，空处需填入名词。foreign“外国的”，形容词；foreigner“外国人”，名词，these后接可数名词复数形式。故填foreigners。 22．The (achieve) of his dream made his parents very proud. 【答案】achievement 【详解】句意：他的梦想实现了，这让他的父母非常自豪。提示词achieve表示“成就，实现”。根据“... of his dream”可知，此处指一个梦想的实现，空格处应是单数名词，应用achieve的名词形式achievement。故填achievement。 23．The teacher allows us (use) dictionaries in the exam. 【答案】to use 【详解】句意：老师允许我们在考试中使用字典。allow sb to do sth“允许某人做某事”，固定用法，动词要用不定式，use不定式为to use。故填to use。 24．My brother wants to be a (program) when he grows up. 【答案】programmer 【详解】句意：我哥哥长大后想成为一名程序员。program“程序”，根据“My brother wants to be a…”可知，此处指的是“程序员”，英语是programmer，空格前有不定冠词a修饰，名词用单数形式。故填programmer。 25．He is scared of (ski) because he once fell down. 【答案】skiing 【详解】句意：他害怕滑雪，因为他曾经摔倒过。ski“滑雪”，be scared of doing sth“害怕做某事”，固定用法，动词要用动名词，ski动名词为skiing。故填skiing。 26．If you don’t (归还，回来) the money to her on time, she will never trust you again. 【答案】return 【详解】句意：如果你不按时把钱还给她，她就再也不会信任你了。根据中文提示，return“归还”符合题意，don’t接动词原形。故填return。 27．My uncle bought a special (硬币) for me as a birthday gift. 【答案】coin 【详解】句意：我的叔叔为我买了一枚特别的硬币作为生日礼物。根据中文提示，coin“硬币”符合题意，a后接可数名词单数，故填coin。 28．I need to buy a bottle of black (墨水) for my calligraphy class. 【答案】ink 【详解】句意：我需要为我的书法课买一瓶黑墨水。ink“墨水”，是不可数名词；a bottle of black ink意为“一瓶黑墨水”。故填ink。 29．Doing some exercise every day can help (减少) pressure in life. 【答案】reduce 【详解】句意：每天做一些运动可以帮助减少生活中的压力。reduce“减少”，help do sth.“帮助做某事”，是常见的help句型，此处可以用动词原形。故填reduce。 30．Our swimming (教练) is very kind and patient to all of us. 【答案】instructor 【详解】句意：我们的游泳教练对我们所有人都非常和蔼且耐心。instructor“教练”，根据“is”可知，此处用名词单数形式。故填instructor。 31．My grandma likes to practice c every morning to relax. 【答案】calligraphy/alligraphy 【详解】句意：我奶奶喜欢每天早上练习书法来放松。根据“My grandma likes to practice ... every morning to relax”及首字母提示可知，奶奶喜欢练习书法来放松，此处需填calligraphy“书法”。practice calligraphy是常用表达，意为“练习书法”。故填calligraphy。 32．The teacher is very s with us in our studies, but we all love her. 【答案】strict/trict 【详解】句意：这位老师在学习上对我们很严格，但我们都很爱她。根据“The teacher is very…with us in our studies, but we all love her.”可知，but表示转折，结合首字母可知，老师对我们很严格，strict“严格的”，形容词作表语。故填strict。 33．He has a strong s of happiness when he stays with his family. 【答案】sense/ense 【详解】句意：当他和家人在一起时，他有一种强烈的幸福感。根据“of happiness when he stays with his family”可知，指和家人在一起时有幸福感。a sense of happiness“幸福感”；sense“感觉”，名词。故填sense。 34．Too much s can make you feel tired and unhappy. 【答案】stress/tress 【详解】句意：太多的压力会让你感到疲惫和不开心。根据“Too much…can make you feel tired and unhappy.”以及首字母提示可知，此处表示太多的压力会让你感到疲惫和不开心，stress“压力”为不可数名词。故填stress。 35．—Can you m to arrive at the station before 8 o’clock? —No problem. 【答案】manage/anage 【详解】句意：——你能设法在8点之前到达车站吗？ ——没问题。根据“Can you…to arrive at the station”可知，此处应填动词；结合首字母提示，manage“设法”，动词；manage to do sth.设法做成某事，符合语境，情态动词Can后接动词原形。故填manage。 三、完成句子 36．不要害怕犯错，只管自信一点，放手去试一试。 Don’t be afraid of making mistakes; just be confident and . 【答案】 give it a go 【详解】根据句意可知，此处表达“放手去试一试”，英文中常用短语“give it a go”来表示这一意思，其中“give”是动词，“it”是代词作宾语，“a”是不定冠词修饰名词“go” ，“go”在这里是名词，意为“尝试”，因本句为祈使句，需动词原形。故填give；it；a；go。 37．她很勇敢，但她害怕医生。 She was very brave, but she was the doctor. 【答案】 scared of 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺“害怕”。be scared of“害怕”，故填scared；of。 38．——今天下午你愿意和我一起去滑冰吗？——我很想去。 —Would you like to with me this afternoon? —Yes, I’d love to. 【答案】 go ice skating 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，填空处为“去滑冰”，go ice skating“去滑冰”，句子“Would you like to…”后接动词原形。故填go；ice；skating。 39．她害怕在公众面前表达自己的想法。 She is scared her ideas in public. 【答案】 to express 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，填空处是“表达”，express“表达”，be scared to do sth.“害怕做某事”，是固定搭配。故填to；express。 40．你这个周末打算做什么？ What are you this weekend? 【答案】 up to 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“打算做”，“What are you up to?”意思是 “你有什么计划？” / “你打算做什么？”句中已有be动词are，后接up to即可。故填up；to。 41．—你空闲时间做什么？ —我吹长笛放松。 —What do you do ? —I play the flute . 【答案】 in your free time to relax 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“在空闲时间”和“放松”。“在空闲时间”用固定短语in your free time，“放松”用relax，此处用动词不定式to relax表目的。故填in；your；free；time；to；relax。 42．做瑜伽是一种减少压力的好方法。 Doing yoga is a good way stress. 【答案】 to reduce 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，句中缺少“减少压力”的表达。结构为“a good way to do sth.”意为“做……的好方法”，动词reduce意为“减少”，与stress连用，放在动词不定式之后，用动词原形。符合语境。故填to；reduce。 43．我们应该绝不放弃我们的梦想。 We should never our dreams. 【答案】 give up 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“放弃”。give up“放弃”，动词短语，should后跟动词原形。故填give；up。 44．不要让自己陷入不好的学习习惯中。 Don’t let yourself bad study habits. 【答案】 get into 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，设空处缺“陷入”，get into陷入，let sb. do sth.让某人做某事。故填get；into。 45．作为回报，我送给她一瓶书法墨水。 , I sent her a bottle of calligraphy . 【答案】 In return ink 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“作为回报”和“墨水”。in return“作为回报”，固定短语，in放句首首字母大写；ink“墨水”，不可数名词。故填In；return；ink。 46．她终于克服了对滑雪的恐惧。 She finally her fear of skiing. 【答案】 got over 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，句中缺少“克服”的表达。短语get over意为“克服（困难、恐惧等）”，与her fear of skiing连用，符合语境。句意强调动作完成，用过去式got over。故填got；over。 47．他梦想成为一名优秀的书法教练。 He a good calligraphy instructor. 【答案】 dreams of being 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“梦想成为”。dream of doing sth.“梦想做某事”；be“成为”。根据句意可知，句子是一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词用三单形式。故填dreams；of；being。 48．我父母不允许我吃垃圾食品，但偶尔会让我尝一尝。 My parents don’t allow me to eat junk food, but they let me taste it . 【答案】 once in a while 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，应填副词短语once in a while“偶尔”，作状语。故填once；in；a；while。 49．即使你想取得更好的成绩，也不应该把自己逼得太紧。 You shouldn’t even if you want to get better grades. 【答案】 push yourself too hard 【详解】根据中英文提示可知，此处表达“把自己逼得太紧”使用push yourself too hard；情态动词shouldn’t后接动词原形，push为动词原形。故填push；yourself；too；hard。 50．我们必须学会应对日常生活中的各种各样的困难。 We must learn to all kinds of difficulties in our daily life. 【答案】 deal with 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“应对”，其对应的英文短语为deal with。根据“learn to…”可知，此处是learn to do sth.结构，意为“学会做某事”，to后接动词原形。故填deal；with。 四、选词填空 （一）用所给短语的适当形式填空 at first, get over, in return, spend...doing..., be good for, encourage sb to do sth, be worried about, allow sb to do sth, give it a go, dream of 51． , I didn’t like running, but now it’s my daily exercise. 52．My English teacher always speak English as much as possible. 53．Eating more vegetables our health. 54．I usually one hour books every evening. 55．She helped me with my math homework, and , I bought her a cup of milk tea. 56．You should your shyness and talk with new classmates bravely. 57．My parents watch TV for half an hour after finishing homework. 58．Don’t my study. I can learn well by myself. 59．He has becoming a basketball player since he was a child. 60．This game is a little difficult, but you should    and have a try. 【答案】51．At first 52．encourages me to 53．is good for 54．spend reading 55．in return 56．get over 57．allow me to 58．be worried about 59．dreamed of 60．give it a go 【解析】51．句意：起初，我并不喜欢跑步，但现在它已成为我的日常锻炼方式。根据“..., I didn’t like running, but now it’s my daily exercise.”以及备选词组可知，此处是指起初。at first“起初、当初”，作状语，句首首字母大写。故填At first。 52．句意：我的英语老师总是鼓励我尽可能多地讲英语。根据“My English teacher always...speak English as much as possible.”以及备选词组可知，此处是指鼓励我尽可能多地讲英语。encourage sb to do sth“鼓励某人做某事”；根据“always”可知，时态为一般现在时，主语My English teacher是第三人称单数，所以动词用第三人称单数形式；me“我”，在此处作宾语。故填encourages；me；to。 53．句意：多吃蔬菜对我们的身体健康有益。根据“Eating more vegetables...our health.”以及备选词组可知，此处是指对我们的身体健康有益。be good for“对……有益”；描述客观事实用一般现在时，主语Eating more vegetables是动名词短语，谓语动词应用单数，所以be动词用is。故填is；good；for。 54．句意：我通常每天晚上花一个小时看书。根据“I usually...one hour...books every evening.”以及备选词组可知，此处是指花一个小时看书。spend...doing...“花费……做某事”，根据“usually”可知，时态为一般现在时，主语是I，所以谓语动词spend用原形；read books“看书”，此处应用read的动名词reading。故填spend；reading。 55．句意：她帮我做数学作业，作为回报，我给她买了一杯奶茶。根据“She helped me with my math homework, and..., I bought her a cup of milk tea.”以及备选词组可知，给她买奶茶是对她帮我做数学作业的回报。in return“作为回报”，作状语。故填in return。 56．句意：你应该克服害羞，勇敢地和新同学交谈。根据“You should...your shyness and talk with new classmates bravely.”以及备选词组可知，此处是指克服害羞。get over“克服”；情态动词should后接动词原形。故填get over。 57．句意：我父母允许我在完成作业后看半个小时的电视。根据“My parents...watch TV for half an hour after finishing homework.”以及备选词组可知，此处是指允许我在完成作业后看半个小时的电视。allow sb to do sth“允许某人做某事”；陈述事实用一般现在时，主语My parents是复数，所以谓语动词allow用原形；me“我”，作宾语。故填allow；me；to。 58．句意：别担心我的学习。我能自学得很好。根据“Don’t...my study. I can learn well by myself.”以及备选词组可知，此处是指别担心我的学习。be worried about“担心”，Don’t后接动词原形。故填be；worried；about。 59．句意：他从小就梦想成为一名篮球运动员。根据“He has...becoming a basketball player since he was a child.”以及备选词组可知，此处是指梦想成为一名篮球运动员。dream of doing sth“梦想做某事”；dream应用过去分词形式dreamed，和前面的has一起构成现在完成时。故填dreamed；of。 60．句意：这个游戏有点难，但你应该试一试，尝试一下。根据“This game is a little difficult, but you should...and have a try.”以及备选词组可知，此处是指试一试。give it a go“试一试”；情态动词should后接动词原形。故填give；it；a；go。 五、完形填空 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 Free time is a special gift for students. It helps us relax and grow. I like to spend my free time in many ways. On weekends, I often 61 calligraphy to practice my handwriting. It makes me calm and helps me 62 my stress. Sometimes, I go on an outing with my friends. We walk to the countryside to enjoy the 63 scenery. We talk, laugh and take photos there. It’s a wonderful way to 64 with nature. I also like to write poems to 65 my ideas about life and beauty. My friends say my poems are inspiring and they 66 me a lot. When I feel tired, I do yoga or practice kung fu. These activities keep me 67 and energetic. I know it’s important to 68 a balance between study and hobbies. We should not only study hard but also 69 time to enjoy our free time. If you are stressed, try my ways. You will 70 that relaxing is not a waste of time. It helps you study better and live a happier life. 61．A．practice B．practices C．practicing D．to practice 62．A．reduce B．reducing C．to reduce D．reduced 63．A．boring B．terrible C．beautiful D．simple 64．A．connect B．to connect C．connecting D．connected 65．A．express B．to express C．expressing D．expressed 66．A．inspire B．inspired C．inspiring D．to inspire 67．A．sick B．tired C．healthy D．angry 68．A．keep B．to keep C．keeping D．kept 69．A．spend B．to spend C．spending D．spent 70．A．find B．to find C．finding D．found 【答案】61．A 62．A 63．C 64．A 65．A 66．A 67．C 68．A 69．A 70．A 【导语】本文讲述了作者利用课余时间通过练习书法、户外出游、写诗、做瑜伽等多种方式放松身心、平衡学习与爱好，还分享了这些方法对缓解压力、提升生活幸福感的益处。 61．句意：周末，我经常练习书法来练习我的书写。 practice练习，动词原形；practices动词三单形式；practicing动名词或现在分词；to practice动词不定式。根据“often”可知，此处用一般现在时态，主语“I”是第一人称，谓语动词用原形practice。故选A。 62．句意：它让我平静，也帮我减轻压力。 reduce减轻，动词原形；reducing动名词或现在分词；to reduce动词不定式；reduced过去式或过去分词。help sb. (to) do sth.是固定搭配，意为“帮某人做某事”，to可省略，后接动词原形reduce。故选A。 63．句意：我们步行去乡下欣赏美丽的风景。 boring无聊的；terrible糟糕的；beautiful美丽的；simple简单的。根据“enjoy the ... scenery”可知，此处表示“欣赏美丽的风景”。故选C。 64．句意：这是与大自然建立联系的绝佳方式。 connect连接，动词原形；to connect动词不定式；connecting动名词或现在分词；connected过去式或过去分词。a way to do sth.是固定结构，意为“做某事的方式”，不定式符号to后跟动词原形。故选A。 65．句意：我也喜欢写诗来表达我对生活和美的看法。 express表达，动词原形；to express动词不定式；expressing动名词或现在分词；expressed过去式或过去分词。write poems to do sth.表目的，不定式符号to后跟动词原形，作目的状语。故选A。 66．句意：我的朋友们说我的诗很鼓舞人心，而且它们对我很有启发。 inspire启发，动词原形；inspired过去式或过去分词；inspiring动名词或现在分词；to inspire动词不定式。根据“my poems are...”可知，此处用一般现在时态，主语“they”是复数，谓语动词用原形inspire。故选A。 67．句意：这些活动让我保持健康和活力。 sick生病的；tired疲惫的；healthy健康的；angry生气的。根据“These activities”和“and energetic”可知，and连接并列形容词应表示积极的方面，healthy“健康的”符合语境。故选C。 68．句意：我知道在学习和爱好之间保持平衡很重要。 keep保持，动词原形；to keep动词不定式；keeping动名词或现在分词；kept过去式或过去分词。“it’s important to do sth.”是固定句型，意为“做某事是……的”，“it”作形式主语，不定式to keep作真正主语。故选A。 69．句意：我们不仅要努力学习，还要花时间享受空闲时光。 spend花费，动词原形；to spend动词不定式；spending动名词或现在分词；spent过去式或过去分词。根据“should”可知，情态动词后接动词原形。故选A。 70．句意：你会发现放松并不是浪费时间。 find发现，动词原形；to find动词不定式；finding动名词或现在分词；found过去式或过去分词。根据“will”可知，此处用动词原形，构成一般将来时。故选A。 六、任务型阅读 Hobbies are an important part of a teenager’s life. A teenager can learn more about history, social science, culture and so on from hobbies. Here are some hobbies for teenagers. Collecting things Coins may be too dull for teenagers, but stamps, tickets and even T-shirts can be great things to collect. Teenagers can collect things that do not cost much. No matter what they collect, the most important thing is the information they get from the collection. Writing Writing can be a great hobby for teenagers.They can improve their language skills through it. Writing a diary can help teenagers get into their personal world. It is important for their development. They can also write stories. Building Models, birdhouses and anything else that teenagers make with their own hands can make them happy. Building things is a great hobby because it is easy to start. Most teenagers can find interesting things to build. Building things can help them improve their creativity (创造力). Music Do you dream of being a music star? Music can make teenagers confident. Sometimes teenagers can learn music in a music club and make friends with the people who have the same hobbies there. 根据短文内容，回答下列问题。 71．What’s the most important thing to teenagers in collecting things? . 72．Which skills can teenagers improve through writing? . 73．Why is building things a great hobby? . 74．Where can teenagers learn music and make friends? . 75．Do you think hobbies are important to teenagers? Why or why not? . 【答案】71．The information they get from the collection. 72．Their language skills. 73．Because it is easy to start and it can help them improve their creativity. 74．In a music club. 75．Yes, I think so. Because hobbies can help teenagers learn more knowledge, improve their skills and make them confident. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了爱好对青少年的重要性，并列举了收集物品、写作、手工制作、音乐四种适合青少年的爱好，分别说明其益处。 71．根据文章第二段“No matter what they collect, the most important thing is the information they get from the collection.”可知，青少年收集物品时最重要的是从收集中获得的信息。故填The information they get from the collection. 72．根据文章第三段“They can improve their language skills through it.”可知，写作能帮助青少年提升语言技能。故填Their language skills. 73．根据文章第四段“Building things is a great hobby because it is easy to start.”和“Building things can help them improve their creativity.”可知，手工制作易上手且能提升创造力。故填Because it is easy to start and it can help them improve their creativity. 74．根据文章第五段“Sometimes teenagers can learn music in a music club and make friends with the people who have the same hobbies there.”可知，青少年可在音乐俱乐部学习音乐并交友。故填In a music club. 75．本题为开放性问题，答案不唯一，结合自身观点作答即可，例如爱好能让青少年学习知识、提升技能、增强自信。故填Yes, I think so. Because hobbies can help teenagers learn more knowledge, improve their skills and make them confident. 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $