第02讲形容词和副词的比较级、最高级以及名词的数复习讲义- 2025-2026学年人教版八年级上学期英语寒假作业

2026-02-25
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形容词和副词的比较级、最高级以及名词的数 · 思维导图:梳理脉络、整合知识、强化记忆。 · 知识讲解:抓住重点、细致讲解、全面掌握。 · 成果检测:学测结合,全面突破,提升素养。 · 形容词和副词的比较级、最高级 1、比较级和最高级的概念: 对两者或多者之间进行某些方面的比较时,常用到形容词和副词的比较级和最高级形式,比较级表达“A比B更......”的意义,最高级表达“(在某范围内)最… …”的意义 。 2、比较级和最高级的构成: (1)规则变化 ①单音节和部分双音节词:加 -er和 -est: 构成方法 原级 比较级 最高级 一般情况下,在词尾加-er, -est tall taller tallest 以不发音e结尾的词,在词尾加-r, -st brave braver bravest 重读闭音节词尾只有一个辅音字母时,先双写该辅音字母,然后在词尾加-er, -est。 thin thinner thinnest 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词,先把y改为i,然后在词尾加-er, -est。 happy happier happiest ②多音节词和大部分双音节词:前加 more和 most 构成方法 原级 比较级 最高级 词前加more构成比较级,词前加most构成最高级。 carefully popular beautiful quickly more carefully more popular more beautiful more quickly most carefully most popular most beautiful more quickly (2)不规则变化 常见不规则的例子: 原级 比较级 最高级 good/well better best bad / ill / badly worse worst many/much more most little less least far farther / further farthest / furthest old older / elder oldest / eldest 3、比较级的使用 (1)对两者进行比较: “A + be 动词 / 实义动词 + 比较级 + than + B” 。 · I am taller than my brother.(我比我哥哥高。) · This car runs faster than that one.(这辆车比那辆跑得快。) (2)表达“越来越……”意思: “比较级 + and + 比较级”,多音节和部分双音节词用“more and more+原级”。 · The weather is getting hotter and hotter.(天气变得越来越热。) · The story became more and more exciting.(故事变得越来越精彩。) (3)表达“越……越……” :“the+比较级...,the+比较级...” · The older I get, the happier I am.(我年纪越大,就越快乐。) · The more you practice, the better you will become.(你练习得越多,就会变得越好。) · The more books you read, the more knowledge you will acquire.(你读的书越多,获取的知识就越多。) 4、 最高级的使用 (1)表示三者或以上“最......”:“A + be /实义动词 + 形容词/副词最高级 + 比较范围”,比较范围常用“in + 集体/地点”或“of + 个体群体”表示。最高级的前面一般要加定冠词the。 · He is the tallest student in his class.(他是班里最高的学生。) · This is the most interesting book of the three.(这是三本书中最有趣的一本。) 【注意】在下面这些情况下可以不加the: ①前有形容词性物主代词时: · This is my best friend.(这是我最好的朋友。) ②在副词最高级中,the可加,也可省略: · Who runs (the) fastest?(谁跑得最快?) (2)表达“最…… 之一”意义:“one of the +形容词最高级+可数名词复数”。 · Hangzhou is one of the most beautiful cities in China.(杭州是中国最美的城市之一。) (3)表达 “第二、第三…… ” 意义:“the + 序数词 + 最高级”。 · The Yangtze River is the third longest river in the world.(长江是世界第三长的河流。) 5、比较级和最高级的修饰 (1)比较级常见的修饰词有: much(显著)、far(远超)、a little(轻微)、a bit(些许)等。 · This book is much more expensive than that one.(这本书比那本贵得多。) · You should be a little more careful next time.(下次你应该更小心一点。) (2)最高级常见的修饰词有:by far(显著)、almost(几乎)、nearly(接近)等。 · This is by far the best book I’ve read.(这是我读过的最好的书。) 【拓展】(1)as ... as句型的用法 as ... as句型可以用来表示两者在某一方面相同或者一方不如另一方。 ①“as +形容词或副词原形+ as”表示两者在某一方面相同时。 · Tom is as tall as Jim.(汤姆和吉姆一样高。) ②“not as / so +形容词或副词原形+ as”表示一方在某一方面不及另一方。 · This book isn’t as interesting as that one.(这本书不如那本有趣。) (2)倍数表达:①“A is twice/three times ... as 原级 as B.”(A是B的两倍/三倍…) ②“A is twice/three times ... 比较级 than B.”(A比B大两倍/三倍…) · This room is three times as large as that one.(这个房间是那个房间的三倍大。) · This room is twice larger than that one.(这个房间比那个房间大两倍。) 名词的数 1、可数名词和不可数名词。 (1)通常来说,专有名词一般都当做单数,个体名词一般都可数。 (2)集体名词中表示类别的集体名词一般不可数;表示某一个群体的集合的集体名词,一般是当复数可数名词;当某些集体名词表示不同成员的集合,把集体当作一个整体时,用作单数可数名词;若考虑构成这些集体的各个成员时,看作复数可数名词。 · clothing衣服,furniture家具,produce 产品,这些表示类别的集体名词一般不可数。 · people人,police警察 是复数可数名词。 · family表示家庭这个集体是单数可数名词,表示家庭成员是复数可数名词。 His family are waiting for him.他的家人正在等他。(把family看成家庭成员) my family is very poor. 我的家是很穷的。(把family看成一个整体) (3)物质名词和抽象名词一般是当作不可数使用。 【注意】①注意一词多意,要根据单词表示的具体意思判断是否可数 chicken 鸡肉 (物质名称,不可数)a chicken 一只鸡(个体名词,可数) glass 玻璃(物质名称,不可数)a glass 一个玻璃杯(个体名词,可数) ②注意一些抽象名词,表达抽象含义不可数,表示具有某种性质的人或事物就可数。 success 成功(不可数) → success 成功的人或事(可数) surprise惊奇(不可数) → surprise令人惊奇的事(可数) ③有些名词,形式上是复数形式,但意义上是单数,当做单数使用。 maths 数学 politics 政治 physics 物理学(学科名词) news消息 ④有些表示两个或多个部分组成一个整体的名词只以复数形式出现,一般不用单数形式。trousers 裤子 shoes 鞋 glasses眼镜 scissors剪刀 My trousers are dirty. I need to wash them.我的裤子脏了。我需要洗它们。 2. 可数名词单数形式变复数形式的方法 单数名词构成 复数变化构成规则 例词 一般的名词 词尾直接加-s  cup杯子  hat帽子 cups hats 以s,sh,ch,x结尾的词 在词尾加-es class班级 bus公共汽车 box盒子 watch手表  classes buses boxes watches ①以“辅音字母+y”结尾 ②元音字母+ y 结尾 ①先将y改为i再加-es ②在后面直接加-s boy男孩 army军队 story故事 factory工厂 baby婴儿 boys armies  stories  factories babies 以f 或fe 结尾的名词 要将f或fe改为v再加-es(也有一些特殊的) leaf树叶 thief小偷 knife小刀 lleaves 树叶 thieves 小偷 knives 小刀 【注意】①还有些特殊的,要单独记忆: photo → photos照片 potato → potatoes土豆 hero → heroes 英雄 goose → geese鹅 tooth → teeth 牙齿, man → men男人 woman → women女人 child → children孩子 foot → feet 脚 ox → oxen 公牛 mouse → mice 老鼠 person → people 人 单复数同形:sheep 绵羊 deer 鹿 Chinese中国人 ②合成名词,通常只将其主体词变为复数形式 girl student → girl students 女学生 pencil-box → pencil-boxes铅笔盒 son-in-law → sons-in-law 女婿, 【点拨】由man和woman构成的合成名词,全都变成复数. man doctor → men doctors 男医生 woman teacher → women teachers 女教师 4、修饰可数和不可数名词数量的词: (1)常见的修饰可数名词数量的有:冠词a/an,基数词,a few(几个),few(几乎没有), several(数个),some(一些),a number of(许多),many(许多),a lot of / lots of(大量),a great number of(大量),too many(太多) (2)常见的修饰不可数名词数量的有:some / any(一些),much / a little(多/少),a lot of / plenty of(大量) (3)“数词 + 计量单位词 + of + 名词”结构的用法: 该结构可以修饰可数名词,也可以修饰不可数名词,如 a cup of tea(一杯茶) two bottles of water(两瓶水) a box of chocolates(一盒巧克力) two kilos of apples(两公斤苹果) 【注意】(1)该结构做主语时,谓语动词的单复数由“数词 + 计量单位词”这个整体决定,而不是 of后面的名词。 This bottle of wine is expensive.(这瓶酒很贵。)“一瓶”是单数。 Two bottles of wine are on the table.(两瓶酒在桌上。)“两瓶”是复数。 A group of students is waiting.(一群学生在等。) 强调整体“一组”时,动词用单数。 A group of students are discussing.(一群学生在讨论。) 强调个体成员时,动词可用复数。 (2)该结构中,数词大于1时,计量单位词要用复数形式。 one bottle of milk (一瓶牛奶) three bottles of milk (三瓶牛奶) a pair of socks (一双袜子) two pairs of socks (两双袜子) 一、单项选择 1. This book is ________ interesting ________ that one. A.as; as B.so; as C.more; as D.too; to 2.I live in Guangzhou. Winter in my city is ________ as it is in Shanghai. A.not as cold B.not cold C.not as colder D.as colder 3.—The price of petrol (汽油) is not ________ that of last year. —Exactly! And some people plan to buy new energy cars instead. A.as good as B.as expensive as C.as high as D.as low as 4.—Which of the two paintings do you prefer? —The one with mountains. It uses ________ colors that make me happier. A.brighter B.the brightest C.darker D.the darkest 5.I should spend more time learning English so that I can make ________ mistakes and get ________ grades. A.fewer, better B.less, better C.less, worse D.fewer, worse 6.This kind of reusable straw (可重复使用吸管) is ________ than the plastic one. It’s safer for the environment. A.useful B.more useful C.most useful D.the most useful 7.The air in the mountain village is ________ than that in the city because there are more trees. A.fresh B.freshest C.fresher D.the freshest 8.Jim is one of ________ students in my class. He always thinks of new ways to do things. A.creative B.more creative C.most creative D.the most creative 9.My best friend Tina is ________ in our class, who always makes us laugh. A.funnier B.the funniest C.more annoyed 10.—Have you ever visited the Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge? —Yes. It’s one of _______ wonders in Nanjing and many people from all over the world come to see it. A.great B.greater C.greatest D.the greatest 11.Dolphins are one of the ________ animals in the sea; they can even understand some human gestures. A.more clever B.cleverest C.cleverer D.clever 12.—What do you know about Qomolangma? —Well, it is ________ mountain in the world. A.high B.higher C.highest D.the highest 13.Wei Fang is young, but she plays ping-pong ________ her mother. A.as good as B.as well as C.as better as 14.He drives much ________ than he did half a year ago. A.more careful B.carefully C.more carefully D.careful 15.—Our team did well in the school sports meeting. —Yes, you ran ________ of all. A.fast B.faster C.most fast D.the fastest 16.In the morning, we have four ________. And after the second ________ we take eye exercises (做眼保健操). A.classes; class B.classes; classes C.class; classes D.class; class 17.The ________ of most trees will fall down in autumn. A.leaf B.leafs C.leaves 18.There isn’t ________ in the kitchen and Simon needs to buy some. A.some tomatoes B.any pancakes C.any bread D.some mutton 19.I took many ________ and ________ during my trip to the Eiffel Tower in Paris. They are wonderful memories. A.videoes; photos B.videos; photoes C.video; photos D.videos; photos 20.—What can I do for you, Mr. Zhang? —I want ________ porridge, please. A.a piece of B.a kilo of C.a bag of D.a bowl of 21.—Maria, have a look at what’s in the fridge. —Only two ________ and three ________. A.tomatoes, bread B.tomatoes, pieces of bread C.tomato, pieces of bread 22.Can you give me ________ on how to learn English well? A.some advice B.an advice C.some advices D.much advices 23.My family ________ a big one. A.is B.are C.was D.were 24.My family usually ________ TV in the evening. A.watch B.watches C.watching D.to watch 25.Mr Wang is a teacher with lots of ________ and he has many teaching ________ in different places. A.experience; experience B.experiences; experiences C.experience; experiences 二、完成句子 26.John is 170 cm. Lucas is 175 cm. (用 not as… as合并成一句) . 27.Lily is not as outgoing as Lucy. (改为同义句) Lily is outgoing Lucy. 28.我现在和我爸爸一样高。 I’m my father now. 29.天气变得越来越暖和了。 The weather and . 30.你越努力学习,取得的进步就越大。 you work, progress you. 31.我感觉越来越紧张。 I felt nervous. 32.托尼和我昨天打乒乓球了。他打得比我好得多。 Tony and I played table tennis yesterday. He did than me. 33.The scenery here is more beautiful than that there.(改为最高级) The scenery here is the of all. 34.长江是世界上最伟大的自然奇观之一。 The Changjiang River is one of the in the world. 35.他是我们班最努力的学生之一。   He is students in our class. 三、单词拼写。 36.Workers use chainsaws, , and other tools to shape the wood. (knife) 37.The problems are difficult to solve. Please give me some (advice). 38.People forget unimportant information in order to better remember important (detail). 39.Alan took of his friends when they were playing with children at the orphanage (孤儿院). (photo) 40.The two (policewoman) helped the lost child find her parents at the train station yesterday. 41.The yard looks beautiful with (leaf) covering the ground. 42.There are five (people) in my family. They are my grandparents, parents and me. 43.He was as (shock) as anyone when the accident happened. 44.Tommy does better in dancing than his sister, but he is not as (good) at painting as her. 45.My sister is (young) than me. 46.If you take good care of yourself, you’ll get much (good) soon. 47.His health took a turn for the (bad). 48.They should try to spend (little) on entertainment to save money. 49.This is the (big) school in our town. 50.This is one of the (beautiful) birds I have ever seen. 51.Many scientists believe that the elephant is one of the (big) animals on land. 52.Call for help as (quick) as you can if there’s an emergency. 53.The more we read English books, the (fast) we can improve our reading skills. 54.Whose family was (well) prepared for the typhoon? 55.Among all the natural disasters, floods hit this small town (serious) last year. 四、选词填空。 56.We believe that life in the future will be (good, better) than it is now. 57.His feet are (big/bigger) than mine. 58.The girl is as (beautiful/beautifully) as her mother. 59.I think the library is the (quietest/quiet) place in our school. 60.He works hard from day to night, but he gets the (most/least) money. 61.Alan runs very (fast faster), but his brother John runs much (fast faster) than him. 试卷第1页,共3页 试卷第1页,共3页 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $ 形容词和副词的比较级、最高级以及名词的数 · 思维导图:梳理脉络、整合知识、强化记忆。 · 知识讲解:抓住重点、细致讲解、全面掌握。 · 成果检测:学测结合,全面突破,提升素养。 · 形容词和副词的比较级、最高级 1、比较级和最高级的概念: 对两者或多者之间进行某些方面的比较时,常用到形容词和副词的比较级和最高级形式,比较级表达“A比B更......”的意义,最高级表达“(在某范围内)最… …”的意义 。 2、比较级和最高级的构成: (1)规则变化 ①单音节和部分双音节词:加 -er和 -est: 构成方法 原级 比较级 最高级 一般情况下,在词尾加-er, -est tall taller tallest 以不发音e结尾的词,在词尾加-r, -st brave braver bravest 重读闭音节词尾只有一个辅音字母时,先双写该辅音字母,然后在词尾加-er, -est。 thin thinner thinnest 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词,先把y改为i,然后在词尾加-er, -est。 happy happier happiest ②多音节词和大部分双音节词:前加 more和 most 构成方法 原级 比较级 最高级 词前加more构成比较级,词前加most构成最高级。 carefully popular beautiful quickly more carefully more popular more beautiful more quickly most carefully most popular most beautiful more quickly (2)不规则变化 常见不规则的例子: 原级 比较级 最高级 good/well better best bad / ill / badly worse worst many/much more most little less least far farther / further farthest / furthest old older / elder oldest / eldest 3、比较级的使用 (1)对两者进行比较: “A + be 动词 / 实义动词 + 比较级 + than + B” 。 · I am taller than my brother.(我比我哥哥高。) · This car runs faster than that one.(这辆车比那辆跑得快。) (2)表达“越来越……”意思: “比较级 + and + 比较级”,多音节和部分双音节词用“more and more+原级”。 · The weather is getting hotter and hotter.(天气变得越来越热。) · The story became more and more exciting.(故事变得越来越精彩。) (3)表达“越……越……” :“the+比较级...,the+比较级...” · The older I get, the happier I am.(我年纪越大,就越快乐。) · The more you practice, the better you will become.(你练习得越多,就会变得越好。) · The more books you read, the more knowledge you will acquire.(你读的书越多,获取的知识就越多。) 4、 最高级的使用 (1)表示三者或以上“最......”:“A + be /实义动词 + 形容词/副词最高级 + 比较范围”,比较范围常用“in + 集体/地点”或“of + 个体群体”表示。最高级的前面一般要加定冠词the。 · He is the tallest student in his class.(他是班里最高的学生。) · This is the most interesting book of the three.(这是三本书中最有趣的一本。) 【注意】在下面这些情况下可以不加the: ①前有形容词性物主代词时: · This is my best friend.(这是我最好的朋友。) ②在副词最高级中,the可加,也可省略: · Who runs (the) fastest?(谁跑得最快?) (2)表达“最…… 之一”意义:“one of the +形容词最高级+可数名词复数”。 · Hangzhou is one of the most beautiful cities in China.(杭州是中国最美的城市之一。) (3)表达 “第二、第三…… ” 意义:“the + 序数词 + 最高级”。 · The Yangtze River is the third longest river in the world.(长江是世界第三长的河流。) 5、比较级和最高级的修饰 (1)比较级常见的修饰词有: much(显著)、far(远超)、a little(轻微)、a bit(些许)等。 · This book is much more expensive than that one.(这本书比那本贵得多。) · You should be a little more careful next time.(下次你应该更小心一点。) (2)最高级常见的修饰词有:by far(显著)、almost(几乎)、nearly(接近)等。 · This is by far the best book I’ve read.(这是我读过的最好的书。) 【拓展】(1)as ... as句型的用法 as ... as句型可以用来表示两者在某一方面相同或者一方不如另一方。 ①“as +形容词或副词原形+ as”表示两者在某一方面相同时。 · Tom is as tall as Jim.(汤姆和吉姆一样高。) ②“not as / so +形容词或副词原形+ as”表示一方在某一方面不及另一方。 · This book isn’t as interesting as that one.(这本书不如那本有趣。) (2)倍数表达:①“A is twice/three times ... as 原级 as B.”(A是B的两倍/三倍…) ②“A is twice/three times ... 比较级 than B.”(A比B大两倍/三倍…) · This room is three times as large as that one.(这个房间是那个房间的三倍大。) · This room is twice larger than that one.(这个房间比那个房间大两倍。) 名词的数 1、可数名词和不可数名词。 (1)通常来说,专有名词一般都当做单数,个体名词一般都可数。 (2)集体名词中表示类别的集体名词一般不可数;表示某一个群体的集合的集体名词,一般是当复数可数名词;当某些集体名词表示不同成员的集合,把集体当作一个整体时,用作单数可数名词;若考虑构成这些集体的各个成员时,看作复数可数名词。 · clothing衣服,furniture家具,produce 产品,这些表示类别的集体名词一般不可数。 · people人,police警察 是复数可数名词。 · family表示家庭这个集体是单数可数名词,表示家庭成员是复数可数名词。 His family are waiting for him.他的家人正在等他。(把family看成家庭成员) my family is very poor. 我的家是很穷的。(把family看成一个整体) (3)物质名词和抽象名词一般是当作不可数使用。 【注意】①注意一词多意,要根据单词表示的具体意思判断是否可数 chicken 鸡肉 (物质名称,不可数)a chicken 一只鸡(个体名词,可数) glass 玻璃(物质名称,不可数)a glass 一个玻璃杯(个体名词,可数) ②注意一些抽象名词,表达抽象含义不可数,表示具有某种性质的人或事物就可数。 success 成功(不可数) → success 成功的人或事(可数) surprise惊奇(不可数) → surprise令人惊奇的事(可数) ③有些名词,形式上是复数形式,但意义上是单数,当做单数使用。 maths 数学 politics 政治 physics 物理学(学科名词) news消息 ④有些表示两个或多个部分组成一个整体的名词只以复数形式出现,一般不用单数形式。trousers 裤子 shoes 鞋 glasses眼镜 scissors剪刀 My trousers are dirty. I need to wash them.我的裤子脏了。我需要洗它们。 2. 可数名词单数形式变复数形式的方法 单数名词构成 复数变化构成规则 例词 一般的名词 词尾直接加-s  cup杯子  hat帽子 cups hats 以s,sh,ch,x结尾的词 在词尾加-es class班级 bus公共汽车 box盒子 watch手表  classes buses boxes watches ①以“辅音字母+y”结尾 ②元音字母+ y 结尾 ①先将y改为i再加-es ②在后面直接加-s boy男孩 army军队 story故事 factory工厂 baby婴儿 boys armies  stories  factories babies 以f 或fe 结尾的名词 要将f或fe改为v再加-es(也有一些特殊的) leaf树叶 thief小偷 knife小刀 lleaves 树叶 thieves 小偷 knives 小刀 【注意】①还有些特殊的,要单独记忆: photo → photos照片 potato → potatoes土豆 hero → heroes 英雄 goose → geese鹅 tooth → teeth 牙齿, man → men男人 woman → women女人 child → children孩子 foot → feet 脚 ox → oxen 公牛 mouse → mice 老鼠 person → people 人 单复数同形:sheep 绵羊 deer 鹿 Chinese中国人 ②合成名词,通常只将其主体词变为复数形式 girl student → girl students 女学生 pencil-box → pencil-boxes铅笔盒 son-in-law → sons-in-law 女婿, 【点拨】由man和woman构成的合成名词,全都变成复数. man doctor → men doctors 男医生 woman teacher → women teachers 女教师 4、修饰可数和不可数名词数量的词: (1)常见的修饰可数名词数量的有:冠词a/an,基数词,a few(几个),few(几乎没有), several(数个),some(一些),a number of(许多),many(许多),a lot of / lots of(大量),a great number of(大量),too many(太多) (2)常见的修饰不可数名词数量的有:some / any(一些),much / a little(多/少),a lot of / plenty of(大量) (3)“数词 + 计量单位词 + of + 名词”结构的用法: 该结构可以修饰可数名词,也可以修饰不可数名词,如 a cup of tea(一杯茶) two bottles of water(两瓶水) a box of chocolates(一盒巧克力) two kilos of apples(两公斤苹果) 【注意】(1)该结构做主语时,谓语动词的单复数由“数词 + 计量单位词”这个整体决定,而不是 of后面的名词。 This bottle of wine is expensive.(这瓶酒很贵。)“一瓶”是单数。 Two bottles of wine are on the table.(两瓶酒在桌上。)“两瓶”是复数。 A group of students is waiting.(一群学生在等。) 强调整体“一组”时,动词用单数。 A group of students are discussing.(一群学生在讨论。) 强调个体成员时,动词可用复数。 (2)该结构中,数词大于1时,计量单位词要用复数形式。 one bottle of milk (一瓶牛奶) three bottles of milk (三瓶牛奶) a pair of socks (一双袜子) two pairs of socks (两双袜子) 一、单项选择 1. This book is ________ interesting ________ that one. A.as; as B.so; as C.more; as D.too; to 【答案】A 【详解】句意:这本书和那本书一样有趣。 考查比较结构辨析。as...as和……一样;so...as和……一样,用于否定句;more...as搭配错误,应为more...than比……更……;too...to太……而不能。根据“This book is...interesting...that one.”可知,这本书和那本书“一样”有趣,且句子为肯定句,所以使用as...as结构。故选A。 2.I live in Guangzhou. Winter in my city is ________ as it is in Shanghai. A.not as cold B.not cold C.not as colder D.as colder 【答案】A 【详解】句意:我住在广州。我所在城市的冬天不如上海那么冷。 考查as…as比较结构的否定形式。本句要表达“广州冬天不如上海冷”,应使用“not as+形容词原级+as”结构,C选项as…as之间是形容词原级。故选A。 3.—The price of petrol (汽油) is not ________ that of last year. —Exactly! And some people plan to buy new energy cars instead. A.as good as B.as expensive as C.as high as D.as low as 【答案】D 【详解】句意:——汽油的价格没有去年那么低。——确实!而且一些人计划转而购买新能源车。 考查形容词原级比较的否定形式。as good as和……一样好;as expensive as和……一样贵;as high as和……一样高;as low as和……一样低。根据后半句“some people plan to buy new energy cars instead”可知,汽油价格并不“低”,才促使人们考虑其他选择。且“not as…as”表示“不如……”。故选D。 4.—Which of the two paintings do you prefer? —The one with mountains. It uses ________ colors that make me happier. A.brighter B.the brightest C.darker D.the darkest 【答案】A 【详解】句意:——这两幅画你更喜欢哪一幅?——有山的那一幅。它用了更明亮的颜色,让我更开心。 考查形容词比较级的用法和形容词辨析。brighter更明亮的,比较级;the brightest最明亮的,最高级;darker更暗的,比较级;the darkest最暗的,最高级。根据“make me happier”可知,让“我”更开心,说明颜色应该是明亮的,且此处是两幅画之间的比较,需用比较级。故选A。 5.I should spend more time learning English so that I can make ________ mistakes and get ________ grades. A.fewer, better B.less, better C.less, worse D.fewer, worse 【答案】A 【详解】句意:我应该花更多时间学习英语,这样我就能犯更少的错误,取得更好的成绩。 考查形容词比较级辨析。fewer更少的,修饰可数名词复数;less,更少的,修饰不可数名词;better,更好的;worse更差的,better和worse都可修饰可数或不可数名词。第一空后“mistakes”为可数名词复数,应使用fewer;第二空根据“花更多时间学习英语”的积极目的,应取得“更好的”成绩,用better。故选A。 6.This kind of reusable straw (可重复使用吸管) is ________ than the plastic one. It’s safer for the environment. A.useful B.more useful C.most useful D.the most useful 【答案】B 【详解】句意:这种可重复使用的吸管比塑料吸管更有用。它对环境更安全。 考查形容词比较级。useful有用的;more useful更有用的;most useful最有用的;the most useful最有用的。根据句中“than”可知,此处为两者比较,应用比较级形式,useful的比较级为more useful。故选B。 7.The air in the mountain village is ________ than that in the city because there are more trees. A.fresh B.freshest C.fresher D.the freshest 【答案】C 【详解】句意:山村的空气比城市的空气更清新,因为有更多的树木。 考查形容词比较级。fresh新鲜的,原级;freshest最新鲜的,最高级;fresher更新鲜的,比较级;the freshest最新鲜的,最高级,带定冠词。根据题意可知,句中出现了表示比较的连词“than”,因此应使用比较级形式。故选C。 8.Jim is one of ________ students in my class. He always thinks of new ways to do things. A.creative B.more creative C.most creative D.the most creative 【答案】D 【详解】句意:吉姆是我班上最有创造力的学生之一。他总是想出新的方法做事情。 考查形容词最高级。creative有创造力的;more creative更有创造力的;most creative最有创造力的;the most creative最有创造力的(带定冠词)。根据“one of…students”可知,此处是“one of the +最高级+名词复数”结构,表示“最……的之一”,最高级前需加定冠词the。故选D。 9.My best friend Tina is ________ in our class, who always makes us laugh. A.funnier B.the funniest C.more annoyed 【答案】B 【详解】句意:我最好的朋友Tina是我们班上最有趣的人,她总是让我们大笑。 考查形容词最高级。根据“in our class”可知,此处是在班级范围内比较,应用最高级形式,且形容词最高级前通常加定冠词the。故选B。 10.—Have you ever visited the Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge? —Yes. It’s one of _______ wonders in Nanjing and many people from all over the world come to see it. A.great B.greater C.greatest D.the greatest 【答案】D 【详解】句意:——你参观过南京长江大桥吗?——是的。它是南京最伟大的奇迹之一,许多来自世界各地的人来参观它。 考查形容词最高级。one of+the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数,表示“最……的之一”。great的最高级为greatest,且需加定冠词the。故选D。 11.Dolphins are one of the ________ animals in the sea; they can even understand some human gestures. A.more clever B.cleverest C.cleverer D.clever 【答案】B 【详解】句意:海豚是海里最聪明的动物之一;它们甚至能理解一些人类的手势。 考查形容词最高级。more clever更聪明的,比较级;cleverest最聪明的,最高级;cleverer更聪明的,比较级;clever聪明的,原级。根据“one of the...animals in the sea”可知,这里是“one of the+形容词最高级+复数名词”表示“最……之一”,cleverest符合语境。故选B。 12.—What do you know about Qomolangma? —Well, it is ________ mountain in the world. A.high B.higher C.highest D.the highest 【答案】D 【详解】句意:——关于珠穆朗玛峰,你都了解些什么呢?——嗯,它是世界上最高的山。 考查形容词最高级。high高的;higher更高的;highest最高的。根据“in the world”可知,此处表示“世界上最高的山”,需用最高级形式,且最高级前通常加定冠词the。故选D。 13.Wei Fang is young, but she plays ping-pong ________ her mother. A.as good as B.as well as C.as better as 【答案】B 【详解】句意:魏芳虽然年轻,但她乒乓球打得和她妈妈一样好。 考查短语辨析。as good as和……一样好,good是形容词;as well as和……一样好,well是副词;as better as表述有误,as...as中间应用形容词或副词的原级。根据“plays ping-pong”可知,此处应用副词修饰动词,表示“乒乓球打得和她妈妈一样好”,所以用as well as。故选B。 14.He drives much ________ than he did half a year ago. A.more careful B.carefully C.more carefully D.careful 【答案】C 【详解】句意:他开车比半年前小心得多。 考查副词比较级。more careful更小心的,形容词比较级;carefully小心地,副词原级;more carefully更小心地,副词比较级;careful小心的,形容词原级。根据题意可知,句中“drives”是动词,需用副词修饰,且由“than”可知是比较级,因此应选副词比较级“more carefully”。故选C。 15.—Our team did well in the school sports meeting. —Yes, you ran ________ of all. A.fast B.faster C.most fast D.the fastest 【答案】D 【详解】句意:——我们队在校运动会上表现很好。——是的,你们跑得最快。 考查副词最高级。fast快;faster更快;most fast错误表达;the fastest最快。根据答句中“of all”可知,比较范围是“所有人中”,需用最高级形式,且fast的最高级为the fastest。故选D。 16.In the morning, we have four ________. And after the second ________ we take eye exercises (做眼保健操). A.classes; class B.classes; classes C.class; classes D.class; class 【答案】A 【详解】句意:上午,我们有四节课。第二节课后我们做眼保健操。 考查名词单复数。classes课,复数;class课,单数。第一空前有four修饰,因此用复数形式classes;第二空前有the second,表示第二,后接单数名词,因此用class。故选A。 17.The ________ of most trees will fall down in autumn. A.leaf B.leafs C.leaves 【答案】C 【详解】句意:大多数树的叶子在秋天会落下。 考查名词复数。leaf叶子,单数形式;leafs错误形式;leaves叶子,复数形式。根据主语“most trees”和谓语“will fall down”可知,此处指“叶子”这一集合概念,应用复数形式leaves。故选C。 18.There isn’t ________ in the kitchen and Simon needs to buy some. A.some tomatoes B.any pancakes C.any bread D.some mutton 【答案】C 【详解】句意:厨房里没有面包了,西蒙需要买一些。 考查不定代词与名词的搭配。some tomatoes一些西红柿;any pancakes一些煎饼;any bread一些面包;some mutton一些羊肉。题干“There isn’t ”为否定句,通常用any而不用some,排除AD选项;根据“isn’t”可知,此处应用单数名词或不可数名词,any bread符合,故选C。 19.I took many ________ and ________ during my trip to the Eiffel Tower in Paris. They are wonderful memories. A.videoes; photos B.videos; photoes C.video; photos D.videos; photos 【答案】D 【详解】句意:我在巴黎埃菲尔铁塔旅行时拍了很多视频和照片。它们是美好的回忆。 考查名词复数形式。“many”修饰复数名词,排除选项C;“video”是元音字母加o结尾,其复数形式在词尾加-s,为videos,排除A;“photo”是“photograph”的缩写,以o结尾的缩写词,其复数形式通常直接加-s,即photos,排除B。故选D。 20.—What can I do for you, Mr. Zhang? —I want ________ porridge, please. A.a piece of B.a kilo of C.a bag of D.a bowl of 【答案】D 【详解】句意:——张先生,我能为您做点什么?——请给我来一碗粥。 考查量词辨析。a piece of一片/张/块;a kilo of一公斤;a bag of一袋;a bowl of一碗。根据“porridge”可知,粥通常盛在碗里,应用量词bowl修饰。故选D。 21.—Maria, have a look at what’s in the fridge. —Only two ________ and three ________. A.tomatoes, bread B.tomatoes, pieces of bread C.tomato, pieces of bread 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——玛丽亚,看看冰箱里有什么。——只有两个西红柿和三片面包。 考查名词。 tomatoes西红柿,复数;bread面包,不可数名词;pieces of bread片/块面包,表示数量; tomato西红柿,单数。第一空,tomato“西红柿”,可数名词,前有two修饰,用复数形式tomatoes;第二空,bread“面包”,是不可数名词,不能直接用数词修饰,可以用量词修饰,piece“片”,是可数名词,其前有three修饰,用复数形式pieces,three pieces of bread表示“三片面包”。故选B。 22.Can you give me ________ on how to learn English well? A.some advice B.an advice C.some advices D.much advices 【答案】A 【详解】句意:你能给我一些关于如何学好英语的建议吗? 考查名词的用法。advice“建议”,为不可数名词,没有复数形式,其前也不能用不定冠词a/an修饰,所以排除B、C、D选项;some“一些”,修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词,符合题意。故选A。 23.My family ________ a big one. A.is B.are C.was D.were 【答案】A 【详解】句意:我的家庭是一个大家庭。 考查主谓一致。主语“My family”在此句中指“家庭”这一整体概念,视为单数,且句子为一般现在时,因此谓语动词需用单数形式。故选A。 24.My family usually ________ TV in the evening. A.watch B.watches C.watching D.to watch 【答案】A 【详解】句意:我的家人通常在晚上看电视。 考查集体名词主谓一致。watch观看,动词原形;watches观看,第三人称单数;watching观看,现在分词;to watch观看不定式。根据“My family usually…TV”可知,在该句中family表示家人,“family”是集体名词,当表示“家人”时,视为复数;根据“usually”可知,句子为一般现在时,所以谓语动词用原形,排除选项B;选项C和D为非谓语动词形式,不能单独作谓语,故排除。故选A。 25.Mr Wang is a teacher with lots of ________ and he has many teaching ________ in different places. A.experience; experience B.experiences; experiences C.experience; experiences 【答案】C 【详解】句意:王先生是一位有丰富经验的老师,他在不同的地方有很多教学经历。 考查名词辨析。experience经验,不可数名词;experiences经历,可数名词。根据“Mr Wang is a teacher with lots of…and he has many teaching…in different places.”可知,第一个空表示经验丰富,应用不可数名词作宾语;第二个空表示有很多教学经历,应用可数名词的复数形式作宾语。故选C。 二、完成句子 26.John is 170 cm. Lucas is 175 cm. (用 not as… as合并成一句) . 【答案】John is not as tall as Lucas 【详解】句意:约翰身高170厘米,卢卡斯身高175厘米。用“not as...as”合并时,结构是“主语 + be not as + 形容词 + as + 比较对象”,此处比较身高,形容词用“tall”。故填John is not as tall as Lucas。 27.Lily is not as outgoing as Lucy. (改为同义句) Lily is outgoing Lucy. 【答案】 less than 【详解】句意:Lily不像Lucy那样外向。原句是一个比较句,使用“not as…as”结构,强调Lily在“外向”程度上低于Lucy,“not as…as”可以同义改写为“less…than”,表示“不如……”。故填less;than。 28.我现在和我爸爸一样高。 I’m my father now. 【答案】 as tall as 【详解】根据中英文对照可知,此处缺少“和……一样高”的表达。英语中表示“和……一样……”的常用结构为“as + 形容词原级 + as”,“高的”用形容词原级tall。故填as;tall;as。 29.天气变得越来越暖和了。 The weather and . 【答案】 becomes warmer warmer 【详解】根据汉语提示可知,表达“越来越暖和”,结构是“比较级 + and + 比较级”,“暖和”的比较级是warmer;句子主语“The weather”是第三人称单数,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式becomes。故填becomes;warmer;warmer。 30.你越努力学习,取得的进步就越大。 you work, progress you. 【答案】 The harder the greater 【详解】句意:你越努力学习,取得的进步就越大。这是“the+比较级…, the+比较级…”的固定句型,表示“越……,就越……”。“努力”的比较级是harder,“大”的比较级是greater,因此依次填入The, harder, the, greater。故填The;harder;the;greater。 31.我感觉越来越紧张。 I felt nervous. 【答案】 more and more 【详解】根据中英文对照可知,此处缺少“越来越……”。“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……”。nervous是多音节形容词,其比较级是在前面加more,所以“越来越紧张”应表达为“more and more nervous”。故填more;and;more。 32.托尼和我昨天打乒乓球了。他打得比我好得多。 Tony and I played table tennis yesterday. He did than me. 【答案】 much better 【详解】根据中英文对照可知,此处缺“好得多”,应用比较级,英文表达为much better。故填much better。 33.The scenery here is more beautiful than that there.(改为最高级) The scenery here is the of all. 【答案】 most beautiful 【详解】句意:这里的风景比那里的更漂亮。要改为最高级,需要使用“the+most+形容词原级+of all” 的结构,表示“在所有当中最……”。形容词“beautiful”是多音节词,其最高级形式为“the most beautiful”。故填most beautiful。 34.长江是世界上最伟大的自然奇观之一。 The Changjiang River is one of the in the world. 【答案】 greatest natural wonders 【详解】根据中英文对照可知,此处缺少“最伟大的自然奇观之一”。greatest natural wonders“最伟大的自然奇观”,是名词短语,构成“one of the + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数”结构。故填greatest;natural;wonders。 35.他是我们班最努力的学生之一。   He is students in our class. 【答案】 one of the most hard-working 【详解】根据中英文对照可知,one of the + 形容词最高级 + 复数名词“最……的……之一”,固定搭配;hard-working“努力的”,形容词,其最高级为the most hard-working。故填one;of;the;most;hard-working。 三、单词拼写。 36.Workers use chainsaws, , and other tools to shape the wood. (knife) 【答案】knives 【详解】句意:工人们使用链锯、刀和其他工具来塑造木材。根据“Workers use chainsaws, ..., and other tools to shape the wood.”以及所给单词可知,应填knife的复数形式knives,与chainsaws和other tools并列,作动词use的宾语。故填knives。 37.The problems are difficult to solve. Please give me some (advice). 【答案】advice 【详解】句意:这些问题很难解决。请给我一些建议。空格前“some”修饰不可数名词或可数名词的复数,而advice是不可数名词,意为“建议”,不需要进行形式变化。故填advice。 38.People forget unimportant information in order to better remember important (detail). 【答案】details 【详解】句意:人们忘记不重要的信息是为了更好地记住重要的细节。所给单词detail意为“细节”,可数名词,根据语境可知,此处表泛指,不止一处细节,故应用detail的复数形式。故填details。 39.Alan took of his friends when they were playing with children at the orphanage (孤儿院). (photo) 【答案】photos 【详解】句意:艾伦为他的朋友们在孤儿院和孩子们玩耍时拍了照片。根据“took...of his friends ”以及所给单词可知,应填photo的形式photos,表示为他的朋友们拍照片。take photos of“为……拍照片”。故填photos。 40.The two (policewoman) helped the lost child find her parents at the train station yesterday. 【答案】policewomen 【详解】句意:昨天,两位女警察在火车站帮助那个迷路的孩子找到了她的父母。two修饰复数名词,policewoman的复数形式是policewomen。故填policewomen。 41.The yard looks beautiful with (leaf) covering the ground. 【答案】leaves 【详解】句意:院子里树叶覆盖着地面,看起来很漂亮。根据“covering the ground”可知,此处表示很多树叶覆盖地面,leaf是可数名词,应用复数形式leaves。故填leaves。 42.There are five (people) in my family. They are my grandparents, parents and me. 【答案】people 【详解】句意:我家有五口人。他们是我的祖父母,父母和我。people“人”,集合名词,本身就具有复数含义,此处用原形即可。故填people。 43.He was as (shock) as anyone when the accident happened. 【答案】shocked 【详解】句意:事故发生时,他和其他人一样感到震惊。as + 形容词原级 + as“和…… 一样……” , shock震惊,动词 、名词,修饰人用shocked,表示 “感到震惊的” 。故填shocked。 44.Tommy does better in dancing than his sister, but he is not as (good) at painting as her. 【答案】good 【详解】句意:汤米在跳舞方面比他姐姐做得好,但是他在绘画方面不如她好。分析句子“he is not as…at painting as her.”,结合所给词可知,此处考查:not as+形容词原级+as…“……不如……”,所以此处应填入good,意为“好的”,指的是汤米在绘画方面不如她姐姐好。故填good。 45.My sister is (young) than me. 【答案】younger 【详解】句意:我的妹妹比我小。根据“than”可知需用形容词比较级,“young”的比较级形式是“younger”,意为“更小的”。故填younger。 46.If you take good care of yourself, you’ll get much (good) soon. 【答案】better 【详解】句意:如果你好好照顾自己,你很快就会好得多。根据“much”可知,此处需用形容词比较级。good“好”,比较级形式为better。故填better。 47.His health took a turn for the (bad). 【答案】worse 【详解】句意:他的健康状况恶化了。“take a turn for the worse”是一个固定短语,表示“恶化”或“变糟”,“worse”是形容词“bad”的比较级形式,表示“更糟的情况”。故填worse。 48.They should try to spend (little) on entertainment to save money. 【答案】less 【详解】句意:他们应该尽量减少在娱乐方面的开支以节省钱。根据“spend”和“on entertainment to save money”可知,此处指减少在娱乐方面的开支,应用little的比较级less,表示“更少的”。故填less。 49.This is the (big) school in our town. 【答案】biggest 【详解】句意:这是我们镇上最大的学校。根据“This is the...school in our town.”可知,范围是镇上,有多所学校,又因为前面有定冠词the,此处应用形容词的最高级。故填biggest。 50.This is one of the (beautiful) birds I have ever seen. 【答案】most beautiful 【详解】句意:这是我见过的最漂亮的鸟之一。结合语境可知,本句考查固定结构 “one of the + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数”,beautiful 的最高级为 most beautiful,故填 most beautiful。 51.Many scientists believe that the elephant is one of the (big) animals on land. 【答案】biggest 【详解】句意:许多科学家认为,大象是陆地上最大的动物之一。根据句子结构可知,固定结构“one of the+形容词最高级+复数名词”,表示“最……之一”。因此,需要将形容词big变为其最高级形式biggest。故填biggest。 52.Call for help as (quick) as you can if there’s an emergency. 【答案】quickly 【详解】句意:如果遇到紧急情况,请尽快呼救。quick“快的”,根据“Call for help as...as you can”可知,此处是as...as中间用形容词或副词的原级,且用副词修饰动词call,因此用quick的副词形式quickly。故填quickly。 53.The more we read English books, the (fast) we can improve our reading skills. 【答案】faster 【详解】句意:我们读的英语书越多,就能越快地提升阅读技能。“the+比较级,the+比较级”是固定结构,表示“越……,越……”,fast的比较级是faster。故填faster。 54.Whose family was (well) prepared for the typhoon? 【答案】best 【详解】句意:谁家为台风做了最充分的准备?be well prepared for“为……做好充分准备”;根据“Whose family”可知,此处是在多个家庭中进行比较,需用最高级形式。well“充分地”,副词,其最高级形式为best。故填best。 55.Among all the natural disasters, floods hit this small town (serious) last year. 【答案】most seriously/the most seriously 【详解】句意:在所有自然灾害中,去年洪水最严重地袭击了这个小镇。serious“严重的”,形容词;修饰动词hit要用副词seriously,且among all表示在多个中比较,用最高级the most seriously,副词最高级前的the可以省略,也可以保留,故填most seriously/the most seriously。 四、选词填空。 56.We believe that life in the future will be (good, better) than it is now. 【答案】better 【详解】句意:我们相信未来的生活将会比现在更好。good“好的”,形容词原级;better“更好的”,形容词比较级。根据“than”可知,此处应填形容词比较级。故填better。 57.His feet are (big/bigger) than mine. 【答案】bigger 【详解】句意:他的脚比我的大。根据“than”可知,此处是两者的比较,应用比较级bigger“更大的”。故填bigger。 58.The girl is as (beautiful/beautifully) as her mother. 【答案】beautiful 【详解】句意:这个女孩和她妈妈一样漂亮。根据“The girl is”可知,此处描述女孩子的特点,应该使用形容词,做表语,beautiful“漂亮的”符合语境,as…as中间用形容词原级。故填beautiful。 59.I think the library is the (quietest/quiet) place in our school. 【答案】quietest 【详解】句意:我认为图书馆是我们学校最安静的地方。根据空格前的“the”可知,最高级前要用the,因此空格应填quietest。故填quietest。 60.He works hard from day to night, but he gets the (most/least) money. 【答案】least 【详解】句意:他日夜辛勤工作,但得到的钱却最少。根据“but”一词可知,前后意思转折,虽然工作很辛苦,但得到的钱最少。least“最少的”,修饰名词money。故填least。 61.Alan runs very (fast faster), but his brother John runs much (fast faster) than him. 【答案】 fast faster 【详解】句意:艾伦跑得很快,但他的兄弟约翰跑得比他快得多。第一空very修饰副词原级,应用fast;第二空根据“than”可知,应用比较级faster。故填fast;faster。 试卷第1页,共3页 试卷第1页,共3页 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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第02讲形容词和副词的比较级、最高级以及名词的数复习讲义- 2025-2026学年人教版八年级上学期英语寒假作业
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第02讲形容词和副词的比较级、最高级以及名词的数复习讲义- 2025-2026学年人教版八年级上学期英语寒假作业
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第02讲形容词和副词的比较级、最高级以及名词的数复习讲义- 2025-2026学年人教版八年级上学期英语寒假作业
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