专题04 词法精练：形容词与副词的魅力世界（培优讲义）（全国通用）2026年中考英语二轮复习高效培优系列

该初中英语中考复习讲义聚焦“形容词和副词”专题，覆盖中考核心考点如形容词副词用法、比较等级、词性转换及近义辨析，通过“考情精析-考点深解-解题优化”架构，设计考点梳理、方法指导、真题训练环节，帮助学生突破中文思维干扰等难点，体现复习的系统性和针对性。 亮点在于“建模与应用”教学策略，如建立分类错题本强化语境判断，通过“近义形容词语境辨析”“比较级特殊变形”专项训练培养思维品质，结合真题典例与变式巩固提升语言能力。分层练习设计确保高效复习，助力教师精准把控节奏，提升学生应考能力。

专题04 形容词和副词 目 录 第一部分 考情精析 锁定靶心 高效备考 第二部分 重难考点深解 深度溯源 扫清盲区 【考点01】形容词的用法 【考点02】副词的用法 【考点03】形容词和副词的等级 【考点04】名词所有格 【考点05】针对词汇运用和语法填空 第三部分 解题思维优化 典例精析+方法提炼+变式巩固 【题型01】语法选择/单项填空中的形容词和副词考查 【题型02】词语运用/首字母填空中的形容词和副词考查 【题型03】完形填空的形容词和副词考查 【题型04】语法填空的形容词和副词考查 核心考向聚焦 词义辨析（近义形容词、近义副词、同源形容词与副词）是考查重点，在各地中考单选、完形填空、语法填空中频繁出现，占比最高；形容词与副词的原级、比较级、最高级的用法及变形规则是核心考点；形容词与副词的句法功能（修饰对象、在句中位置）及词性转换（形容词变副词）也有涉及，但相对比重较小，多结合语法填空、书面表达间接考查。 关键能力与思维瓶颈 关键能力：掌握近义形容词（如 big/large/great、good/fine/nice）、近义副词（如 quickly/fast、very/too/so）的语境辨析方法，能结合句意判断词义差异；熟练掌握形容词与副词原级、比较级、最高级的变形规则（规则变形与不规则变形）及用法（原级as...as、比较级than、最高级the+最高级+范围）；明确形容词与副词的句法功能，能准确区分修饰对象（形容词修饰名词、副词修饰动词/形容词/句子），熟练进行词性转换（形容词变副词的规则与特殊情况）。需通过分类记忆、语境强化突破核心考点。熟练掌握形容词与副词在书面表达中的规范运用，使语言表达更准确、生动。需强化应用规则。 培优瓶颈：主要受中文思维干扰，混淆形容词与副词的修饰对象（如误用形容词修饰动词）、误用比较级与最高级的用法（如缺少than/范围词、混淆不规则变形）；同时，近义形容词/副词、比较级最高级规则记忆碎片化，特殊变形（如 good→better→best、fast→fast→fast、happy→happily）掌握不牢，在语篇综合题（完形、语法填空）中易失分；词性转换中忽略特殊变化，书面表达中存在形容词/副词运用不规范的问题。需强化语境判断、归类记忆及错题复盘，突破用法混淆点。 命题前瞻与备考策略 预测：2026年中考中，将持续以语篇为载体，灵活考查形容词与副词的词义辨析，侧重真实语境下的精准运用（如完形填空中结合上下文选择合适的形容词/副词）；原级、比较级、最高级仍将聚焦变形规则与用法搭配，减少孤立语法考查，侧重语境应用（如结合具体场景判断用原级、比较级还是最高级）；词性转换（形容词变副词）将重点结合语法填空考查，侧重规则与特殊情况的区分；书面表达中对形容词与副词的规范运用要求将有所提升，侧重通过形容词/副词增强语言表达的生动性、准确性。 策略：备考应放弃对孤立形容词/副词、语法规则的死记硬背，转向 “建模”与“应用” 。重点训练： 1. 紧扣真题，建立形容词与副词分类错题本（近义辨析、比较级最高级易错、词性转换、句法功能误用），标注易错原因，强化在语篇中判断用法的能力。 2. 熟记比较级最高级特殊变形（如 well→better→best、many→more→most）、形容词变副词特殊变化（如 true→truly、terrible→terribly），专项练习比较级最高级搭配、词性转换等高频应用题型，并与书面表达结合训练，规范形容词/副词的运用。3. 分类积累近义形容词/副词，结合例句理解词义差异，避免机械记忆。 ◇考点 01 形容词的用法 形容词用于修饰名词或代词，说明人或事物的性质、状态、属性或特征。基本用法如下： 位置 例句 作定语 放在名词前 This is an interesting book. 形容词修饰复合不定代词时,通常后置 I have something important to tell you. 作表语 放在系动词后,系动词主要有be动词、三变化（turn，get，become）、感官动词以及stay, go, seem等 This activity is meaningful. Leaves turn yellow in autumn. You look very happy. Lucy always stays positive. 作宾语补足语 常置于keep, make, leave等动词之后，说明宾语的性质、状态和特征 We should keep our classroom clean. 作状语 相当于状语从句，可位于句首、句末或句中。 He arrived home,hungry and tired. 【拓展】 （1）形容词alive, alone, afraid, awake, asleep, well（健康的）等只能作表语。如：Don't be afraid! （2）有些形容词位于定冠词the之后，泛指一类人，表示复数概念，作主语时，谓语动词用复数（如：be用are/were）。这类词有: young/old, rich/poor, healthy/ill, living/dead等。如： The wise are always listening, not speaking. 考向1 形容词词义辨析 对于语境辨析类试题,考生首先要掌握各个选项的意思，再根据语境的逻辑关系来确定正确答案。 考向2 形容词短语辨析 6 / 6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 （1）be+adj.+about be worried about对……担忧 be crazy about对……着迷 be curious about对……好奇 be excited about 对……感到兴奋 be sorry about对……感到抱歉/遗憾/难过 be sure about确信；对……有把握 （2）be+adj.+at be good at擅长…… be surprised at对……感到惊奇 be angry at对……生气（对事） be amazed at对……感到惊讶 be annoyed/mad at对……恼怒 （3）be+adj.+of be afraid of 害怕…… be full of充满…… be proud of为……感到自豪 be sure of对……有把握 be tired of对……感到厌倦 be fond of喜欢…… （4）be+adj.+from be different from与……不同 be absent from缺席…… be free from没有……，免受…… （5）be+adj.+for be famous/known/well-known for 因……而著名 be late for迟到 be thirsty for渴望…… be good for对……有好处 be ready for为……做好准备 be suitable for适合…… （6）be+adj.+in be interested in 对……感兴趣 be weak in在……方面薄弱 be rich in富于，盛产 be successful in在……方面成功 be talented in 在……方面有天赋 （7）be+adj.+with be angry with生……的气（对人） be born with天生具有 be busy with忙于 be careful with 小心 be familiar with熟悉 be strict with对……严格 be popular with受……欢迎 be patient with对……有耐心 be satisfied/pleased with 对……感到满意 be good with善于应付……的；跟……相处得好 （8）be+adj.+to be harmful to对……有害 be similar to与……相似 be close to接近 be friendly/good/nice/kind to对……友好 be polite to对……有礼貌 be thankful to对……心怀感激 be rude to对……粗鲁 ◇难点形容词辨析 典例 （2025·江苏·二模）—Through the course, most students master some ______ life skills. —Yes, my daughter makes her bed perfectly now. A．forgetful B．creative C．practical D．difficult 1．（2026·上海黄浦·一模）The shop assistant welcomed the customers with a ________ smile. A．happily B．carefully C．warmly D．friendly 2．（2026·上海普陀·一模）The plan to spend the weekend on the beach with family sounds ________. A．perfectly B．sweetly C．lovely D．wonderfully 3．（19-20九年级·全国·课后作业）—Why did Mr. Smith look ________? —Because his students asked him some ________ questions. A．embarrassed; embarrassing B．embarrassing; embarrassed C．embarrassed; embarrassed D．embarrassing; embarrassing 4．（2026·上海青浦·一模）The little boy felt ________ during the first month abroad, but soon he made new friends. A．sadly B．lonely C．angrily D．excitedly 5．（2025·天津和平·三模）Betty did badly in the exam. She was not ________ to pay attention to every detail. A．enough carefully B．carefully enough C．enough careful D．careful enough 6．（24-25九年级下·上海普陀·月考）The coach’s encouraging words helped the players feel ________ at once. A．confident B．confidently C．confidence D．confide 7．（2025·上海闵行·三模）The novel attracts the teenagers a lot and keeps them ________ for days. A．excited B．exciting C．excite D．excitement 8．（2025·天津滨海新·模拟预测）Helping others makes us very ________. A．lonely B．lazy C．proud D．harmful 9．（2026·上海静安·一模）Don’t feel ________, Jim. We are all here to support you. A．sadly B．lonely C．angrily D．unluckily 10．（2025·江苏徐州·模拟预测）I was really when I heard about it— it’s the first time I’ve known that a bird can’t fly! A．surprised B．angry C．confident D．pleased ◇考点 02 副词的用法 1.副词的基本用法 功能 位置 例句 作状语 ①多数副词放在动词之后 It's raining heavily now. ②动词若带宾语，则放在宾语之后 The girl listens to the teacher carefully. ③频度副词通常放在行为动词之前，情态动词、助动词和be动词之后 We can often see the girl read here. ④程度副词修饰形容词或副词，一般放在被修饰词前 I'm almost ready. 作表语 主要限于少数状态或位置副词、时间副词以及其他副词 When will you be back？ 作定语 一般放在被修饰的名词或代词之后 Life here is full of joy. 作补足语 可作主语补足语或宾语补足语，说明主语和宾语所处的位置、状态、性质、特征等 He is too young to leave him at home alone.（作宾语补足语） 2.常见副词的位置及分类 类型 典型词汇 用法 频度副词 always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom,hardly ever, never等 置于行为动词之前，be动词、助动词及情态动词之后，表示动作发生的频率 方式副词 quickly, happily, loudly, suddenly, luckily, badly, easily, fast等 置于不及物动词之后或及物动词之前，表示动作的行为方式 程度副词 heavily, quite, enough, almost, hardly, rather, a lot, a little, so, too, much等 置于被修饰的词前，表示动词、形容词或另一个副词的强度或程度 时间副词 now, then, today, tomorrow, yesterday, before, ago,just, soon, lately,already, ever, yet等 一般置于句尾，表示动作发生的时间，是确定句子时态的重要标志 地点副词 outside, inside, upstairs, here, there, home, near, away, in, back, off, up, anywhere等 一般置于句尾，表示动作发生的地点或位置关系 疑问副词（词组） when, where, why, how, how long, how soon, how often, how far等 置于特殊疑问句或宾语从句的句首，用于构成特殊疑问句 【注意】enough修饰形容词或副词时需后置。如：The boy is old enough to go to school.（修饰形容词） Sara speaks English well enough to communicate with a British.（修饰副词） 3.其他常考副词 anyway无论如何 abroad在国外 alone独自 also并且；也 besides此外 especially尤其；特别 finally最后；最终 however然而；不过 instead代替；反而 once一次；曾经 perhaps可能；大概 probably大概 【拓展】 （1）有些以-ly结尾的单词是形容词，如： friendly, lonely, lovely, lively, ugly等 （2）同形形容词和副词 ①词义相近的同形形容词和副词 形容词 副词 We had an early breakfast.（早的） We had breakfast early.（早地） We went by a fast train.（快的） Don't speak so fast.（快地） ②词义不同的同形形容词和副词 形容词 副词 I want a straight answer.（坦诚的） He went straight to Beijing.（直接地） I don't feel well today.（健康的） Our plans go well.（顺利地） It is as hard as a stone.（坚硬的） The test is so hard.（困难的） She studies hard.（努力地） He holds the paper hard.（用力地） （3）有些词虽然既可作形容词也可作副词，但加了-ly之后意义相差很大，如： 4.副词词义辨析 分析浙江真题，副词词义辨析主要在完形填空中考查，且主要考查的是-ly副词词义辨析，偶尔涉及频度副词词义辨析。 ◇难点副词辨析 典例 Tao Yuanming wrote about a made-up village in The Peach Blossom Land (《桃花源记》). The people there lived ________, staying away from the outside world. A．carefully B．peacefully C．successfully D．usefully 1．—How do you like the new garbage-sorting rules in our city? —They work well! Now people throw away waste much ________, and our city becomes cleaner. A．carefully B．more carefully C．careful D．more careful 2．—Your brother’s English pronunciation is ________ wonderful. —Well, he works hard at it. A．simply B．immediately C．suddenly D．probably 3．Guess what? You won’t believe ________ little children can do ________ much work in a short time. A．such, such B．so, such C．so, so D．such, so 4．I believed it would ________ work in this way because practice makes perfect. A．highly B．simply C．clearly D．certainly 5．On our road trip across the country, the scenes were _______ farmland and small villages. A．politely B．mostly C．loudly D．closely 6．—To build a civilized city, we need everyone to stick to waste sorting in daily life. —Exactly. This is ________ a small thing but a big step for a green life. A．nearly B．hardly C．simply D．exactly 7．To make the cake taste perfect, the cook adds ________ 100 grams of sugar into the bowl, no more and no less. A．exactly B．nearly C．mainly D．mostly 8．—What do you think of Mary? —She is a good girl. She always answers the phone________ when I call her. A．politely B．seriously C．simply D．hardly 9．—Cathy did ________ in yesterday’s tennis match. —How come? I remember she is good at tennis. A．mostly B．completely C．badly D．seriously 10．—A mouse mother returned from China’s space station and ________ gave birth to babies. —Wow! It’s a big step for space life science. A．suddenly B．specially C．completely D．successfully ◇考点 03 形容词和副词的比较等级 1.形容词、副词比较等级的变化规则 （1）规则变化 类别 构成方法 原级 比较级 最高级 单音节词和少数双音节词 直接加-er, -est young younger youngest 以不发音e结尾的加-r, -st large larger largest 以单个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词，先双写该辅音字母，再加-er或-est big fat hot bigger fatter hotter biggest fattest hottest 以“辅音字母加y”结尾，先变y为i,再加-er, -est happy easy healthy happier easier shier happiest easiest healthiest 多音节词和部分双音节词 在词前加more, most careful clever more careful more clever the most careful the most clever （2）不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 good/well better best bad/badly worse worst many/much more most little less least far farther/further farthest/furthest old older/elder oldest/eldest 2.形容词、副词比较等级的用法 （1）原级的用法 用法 例句 说明人或事物自身的特征、性质或状态时用原级 The flowers in the garden are beautiful. 被程度副词very， so， too， enough， quite等修饰时用原级 She's very nice when you get to know her. as+原级+as Jack is as old as Kate. Tom runs as fast as Mike. not+as/so+原级+as This room is not as/so big as that one. He doesn't walk as/so slowly as you. （2）比较级的用法 用法 例句 “比较级+than”，表示“比” My brother Bob is more hard-working than me. “the+比较级，the+比较级”，表示“越……，越……” The more fruit you eat,the healthier you will be. “比较级+and+比较级”，表示“越来越……” Our city is becoming cleaner and cleaner. “the+比较级+of the two…”，表示“两者中比较……的一个” He is the more active of the two boys. “Which/Who+is/谓语动词+比较级，A or B?”, 表示“两者相比较，哪个/谁更……？” Which is nearer to the sun, the moon or the earth? “比较级+than any other+可数名词单数” =“比较级+than the other+可数名词复数”，表示“比任何一个人/物都……”（比较级形式表最高级含义） Li Gang is taller than any other student in his class.=Li Gang is taller than the other students in his class. “A+be/谓语动词+倍数+比较级+than+B”, 表示“A几倍于B” My apples are three times more than yours. 根据语境判断比较级 This pair of shoes is too big for me, so I want to change for a smaller one. 【拓展】比较级前一般可用much, a little, a lot, even, still, far, a bit等词来修饰。如： It is much warmer than yesterday. （3）最高级的用法 “the+最高级+of/in+比较范围”，表示“……是……中最……”（三者或三者以上的） This picture is the best of all in the box. “one of the+最高级+可数名词复数+比较范围”，表示“……中最……之一” Qipao is one of the most traditional dresses in China. “the+序数词+形容词最高级+可数名词单数+比较范围”，表示“A是……中第几最……” She is the second tallest girl in our class. “Which/Who+be+the+最高级，A, B or C?”,表示“三者比较，哪个/谁最……？” Who is the tallest in your class, Tom, Kate or Bill? 否定词+比较级（+than）或can't/couldn't+比较级（否定词有not, no, never, nothing等） Nobody could do the work better than he did. 根据语境判断最高级 There are four seasons in a year. Autumn is the best one. 【注意】 （1）形容词最高级前要加the，但当形容词最高级前有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等时，不加the。 （2）副词最高级前的the可省略。 ◇难点比较级和最高级的句型 典例 Wechat is ________ of the two ways to talk with friends. A．the more popular B．more popular C．the most popular D．most popular 1．—Which of the two paintings do you prefer? —The one with mountains. It uses ________ colors that make me happier. A．brighter B．the brightest C．darker D．the darkest 2．The more you read, ________ you will be. A．the wise B．the wiser C．wiser D．the wisest 3．—How do you like the film Ne Zha 2? —It’s amazing. I have never watched a ________ one before. A．best B．worse C．worst D．better 4．Journey to the West is one of ________ novels in China. A．popular B．more popular C．most popular D．the most popular 5．Uranus (天王星) is the second ________ planet from the Sun in our solar system. A．far B．farther C．farthest D．the farthest 6．—The skirts are all very beautiful. I can’t decide which one to choose. —Oh, look at this red one. I think it’s ________. A．beautiful B．more beautiful C．less beautiful D．the most beautiful 7．As a traditional festival, the Dragon Boat Festival is becoming ________. A．more and more popular B．less and less popular C．the more popular D．more popular and more popular 8．Zhenjiang is smaller than ________ in Jiangsu, but I think it’s a comfortable city. A．any other city B．any cities C．the other city D．any city 9．As one of the biggest cities in the world, Shanghai is bigger than ________ in Africa. A．any other cities B．any other city C．any city D．any cities 10．Math seems to be ________ for me of the two subjects. A．difficult B．too difficult C．the more difficult D．the most difficult ◇考点 04 针对词汇运用和语法填空 考向1 填形容词原级 用法 示例 位于be动词、感官动词后作表语 Thomas is thin and tall. This song sounds wonderful. 位于名词前作定语 a big park 位于复合不定代词后，修饰复合不定代词 Something new 位于宾语之后作宾补，常与make， leave， keep等动词连用 The good news made everyone very happy. as+形容词原级+as The kitchen is as clean as the living room. 在句型It is+adj.+（of/for sb.） to do sth. 中 It is necessary to have a good study habit. 考向2 填副词原级 用法 例句 修饰动词、形容词或其他副词 Lily is reading carefully in her room. The play is really funny. 修饰动词短语 Our family do some cleaning in the house happily. 修饰整个句子，常位于句首 Finally， doctors and nurses arrived in time. 考向3 形容词、副词变比较等级 用法 例句 若句中有 much， even， far， than等比较级标志词时，用比较级 Peter is much stronger than he used to be. 若句末有in/of/among短语等表示范围时，用最高级 The hotel has the best rooms of the three. “比较级+and +比较级”，“the +比较级， the +比较级”等固定用法 It is believed that the harder you work， the better result you'll get. one of+ the+形容词最高级+名词复数形式+其他 Norman Bethune is one of the most famous heroes in China. 根据语境判断 Charlie is the second tallest student in the class. 考向4 形容词变名词 在以下情况下，需将形容词变为名词： 用法 示例 a/an/the/形容词性物主代词+名词 the height of the mountain 形容词+名词 many differences 动词/介词+名词 pay attention to safety 介词短语中 in danger 【拓展】初中常考“形容词变名词”的规则如下： （1）形容词+-ness ill→illness疾病 kind→kindness仁慈;好意 （2）形容词+-ty/-ity/-y safe→safety安全 electric→electricity 电力；电流 difficult→difficulty 困难 （3）形容词（以t结尾的）变t为ce different→difference差异；不同 confident→confidence自信；信心 patient→patience耐心 （4）形容词+-er/-r foreign→foreigner 外国人 strange→stranger陌生人 （5）形容词去掉-ful successful→success成功 （6）其他形式 true→truth 事实 free→freedom自由 考向5 形容词变反义词 初中常考“形容词变反义词”的规则如下： （1）im+以字母m, b, p开头的形容词 possible→impossible不可能的 （2）un+形容词 usual→unusual不寻常的 necessary→unnecessary不必要的 （3）dis+形容词 honest→dishonest不诚实的 （4）in+形容词 correct→incorrect 不正确的 考向6 形容词变副词 【拓展】形容词变副词的规律 规则 示例 以“辅音字母加-y”结尾的形容词，变y为i，再加-ly lucky→luckily happy→happily 以“辅音字母加-le”结尾的形容词，去e，再加-y terrible→terribly possible→possibly simple→simply 少数以“元音字母加-e”结尾的形容词，去e，再加-ly true→truly ◇难点形容词和副词的词性变化 典例I called Miss Lin to ask for a    ______leave because of my headache. A．two-days B．two day’s C．two-day 1．（25-26九年级上·江苏无锡·期末）I was always worried about my English study and got even (mad) before exams. 2．（25-26九年级上·江苏无锡·期末）Many people find the film (value), especially students like me. 3．（25-26九年级上·江苏无锡·期末）The (late) study shows that they are eating away our time, minute by minute. 4．（25-26九年级上·江苏泰州·期末）The government made it a rule that the (wealth) you are, the more income taxes (税) you may have to pay. 5．（25-26九年级上·江苏扬州·期末）The manager is much with his workers in the work now. (strict) 6．（25-26九年级上·江苏无锡·期末）Facing a (heavy) guarded secret, they make efforts to save the city. 7．（25-26九年级上·江苏无锡·期末）Judy and Nick find an (known) danger hidden in Zootopia. 8．（25-26九年级上·江苏淮安·期中）Do you know anything about the Chinese (tradition) festival, the Spring Festival? 9．（25-26九年级上·江苏扬州·期中）The noise from the factories made everyone stay the whole night. (wake) 10．（25-26九年级上·江苏无锡·月考）He is the (wealthy) person I have ever known, but he wears simple clothes. ◇题型 01 单项填空中的形容词和副词考查 典｜例｜精｜析 典例1（2025·天津南开·二模）—I forget new words quickly. What should I do? —Don’t worry. It’s ________ to forget new words. A．difficult B．perfect C．helpful D．natural 变｜式｜巩｜固 变式1 （2025·天津河北·二模）In order to build trust, we should tell the truth and be ________ with others. A．honest B．angry C．strange D．magical 变式2 （2025·天津河东·一模）All the ________ things need air and water. Without them, nothing can stay ________. A．living; living B．living; alive C．alive; alive D．alive; living ◇题型 02 词语运用/用所给词的适当形式填空中的形容词和副词考查 典｜例｜精｜析 典例2（2019·江苏南京·二模）—Suzy used to take second place in exams. (luck), she came top in this exam. —Good things come to those who work hard. 变｜式｜巩｜固 变式1 （25-26九年级上·江苏无锡·期末）Now I know I can improve it (successful) if I have a strong mind. 变式2 （25-26九年级上·江苏无锡·月考）With the development of trade, this small country has become much _____________(wealth) than it was ten years ago. ◇题型 03 完形填空的形容词和副词考查 典｜例｜精｜析 典例3（2025·江苏盐城·中考真题）It was a cold, rainy Monday morning. By the time I got to the 1 , my shoes were full of water, and I was tired and unhappy. When I walked in, I 2 something on my desk. It was a small paper box, carefully folded, with my name written on top. I 3 but no one seemed to notice me. I slowly 4 the box. Inside were a chocolate bar and a note: “Hope today gets 5 !” At first, I thought the teacher had left it. But she looked just as 6 as I was. I asked the students sitting near me, but they all said 7 . I watched my classmates’ faces, hoping that someone would smile or give me a 8 . But no one said a word. At lunch, I sat with my friend Maya. “ 9 gave me this,” I said, showing her the note. She read it and smiled, “Looks like you have a 10 friend.” “Maybe,” I smiled. Out of the window, the rain was still falling, 11 somehow it didn’t feel so heavy. The next day, I 12 three small paper boxes with candies inside. I quietly placed them on three desks 13 class began. I didn’t write my name on them. I just wanted someone else to 14 like I did. I never found out who gave me that 15 , but I still remember it. It taught me that even a small act of kindness can make a big difference—especially on a rainy day. 1．A．hall B．office C．library D．classroom 2．A．saw B．put C．left D．threw 3．A．ran away B．went out C．pushed in D．looked around 4．A．hid B．opened C．cleaned D．lifted 5．A．safer B．busier C．better D．longer 6．A．scared B．stressed C．satisfied D．surprised 7．A．yes B．no C．hello D．goodbye 8．A．sign B．lesson C．chance D．promise 9．A．Somebody B．Anybody C．Everybody D．Nobody 10．A．brave B．curious C．secret D．famous 11．A．and B．but C．or D．so 12．A．sold B．made C．received D．borrowed 13．A．once B．until C．before D．after 14．A．work B．dress C．smile D．relax 15．A．gift B．book C．lunch D．umbrella ◇题型 04 语法填空中的形容词和副词考查 典｜例｜精｜析 典例4（2024·江苏宿迁·中考真题） Su Shi, known as Su Dongpo, was a famous Chinese writer, poet and painter. When he was young, he read a lot of books and wrote many good articles. People thought 1 (high) of him. Because of this, he became very proud and wrote a couplet (对联) for 2 (him). Knowing all the words in the world; Reading all the books on the earth. A wise old man saw this couplet and thought, “It is necessary for Su Shi 3 (learn) how to be modest.” So, one day, he came to Su Shi’s house with a book. The old man showed Su Shi the book and explained, “So far, I 4 (read) the book several times, but there are still some difficult words that I can’t understand. I have asked many people, but none of them could understand their 5 (meaning). I have heard that you are a person of rich knowledge, so I come to ask you.” Full of confidence, Su Shi took the book from the old 6 (man) hand, but when he opened it, he became very 7 (surprise) because there were many words he didn’t know. At that moment, Su Shi realized that there were many more things that he had to learn. Actually, the old man knew every word in this book. He just wanted to make Su Shi know the importance of 8 (be) modest. Su Shi was embarrassed (尴尬的) and said, “Now I know why you came. I shouldn’t have been so arrogant (自大的).” The old man smiled and 9 (leave). Then Su Shi quickly took his brush and ink, and added some words to the couplet: Working hard to know all the words in the world; Being determined to read all the books on the earth. From then on, he worked even 10 (hard) than before. Finally, Su Shi made great achievements in many fields, especially in literature. $专题04 形容词和副词 目 录 第一部分 考情精析 锁定靶心 高效备考 第二部分 重难考点深解 深度溯源 扫清盲区 【考点01】形容词的用法 【考点02】副词的用法 【考点03】形容词和副词的等级 【考点04】名词所有格 【考点05】针对词汇运用和语法填空 第三部分 解题思维优化 典例精析+方法提炼+变式巩固 【题型01】语法选择/单项填空中的形容词和副词考查 【题型02】词语运用/首字母填空中的形容词和副词考查 【题型03】完形填空的形容词和副词考查 【题型04】语法填空的形容词和副词考查 核心考向聚焦 词义辨析（近义形容词、近义副词、同源形容词与副词）是考查重点，在各地中考单选、完形填空、语法填空中频繁出现，占比最高；形容词与副词的原级、比较级、最高级的用法及变形规则是核心考点；形容词与副词的句法功能（修饰对象、在句中位置）及词性转换（形容词变副词）也有涉及，但相对比重较小，多结合语法填空、书面表达间接考查。 关键能力与思维瓶颈 关键能力：掌握近义形容词（如 big/large/great、good/fine/nice）、近义副词（如 quickly/fast、very/too/so）的语境辨析方法，能结合句意判断词义差异；熟练掌握形容词与副词原级、比较级、最高级的变形规则（规则变形与不规则变形）及用法（原级as...as、比较级than、最高级the+最高级+范围）；明确形容词与副词的句法功能，能准确区分修饰对象（形容词修饰名词、副词修饰动词/形容词/句子），熟练进行词性转换（形容词变副词的规则与特殊情况）。需通过分类记忆、语境强化突破核心考点。熟练掌握形容词与副词在书面表达中的规范运用，使语言表达更准确、生动。需强化应用规则。 培优瓶颈：主要受中文思维干扰，混淆形容词与副词的修饰对象（如误用形容词修饰动词）、误用比较级与最高级的用法（如缺少than/范围词、混淆不规则变形）；同时，近义形容词/副词、比较级最高级规则记忆碎片化，特殊变形（如 good→better→best、fast→fast→fast、happy→happily）掌握不牢，在语篇综合题（完形、语法填空）中易失分；词性转换中忽略特殊变化，书面表达中存在形容词/副词运用不规范的问题。需强化语境判断、归类记忆及错题复盘，突破用法混淆点。 命题前瞻与备考策略 预测：2026年中考中，将持续以语篇为载体，灵活考查形容词与副词的词义辨析，侧重真实语境下的精准运用（如完形填空中结合上下文选择合适的形容词/副词）；原级、比较级、最高级仍将聚焦变形规则与用法搭配，减少孤立语法考查，侧重语境应用（如结合具体场景判断用原级、比较级还是最高级）；词性转换（形容词变副词）将重点结合语法填空考查，侧重规则与特殊情况的区分；书面表达中对形容词与副词的规范运用要求将有所提升，侧重通过形容词/副词增强语言表达的生动性、准确性。 策略：备考应放弃对孤立形容词/副词、语法规则的死记硬背，转向 “建模”与“应用” 。重点训练： 1. 紧扣真题，建立形容词与副词分类错题本（近义辨析、比较级最高级易错、词性转换、句法功能误用），标注易错原因，强化在语篇中判断用法的能力。 2. 熟记比较级最高级特殊变形（如 well→better→best、many→more→most）、形容词变副词特殊变化（如 true→truly、terrible→terribly），专项练习比较级最高级搭配、词性转换等高频应用题型，并与书面表达结合训练，规范形容词/副词的运用。3. 分类积累近义形容词/副词，结合例句理解词义差异，避免机械记忆。 ◇考点 01 形容词的用法 形容词用于修饰名词或代词，说明人或事物的性质、状态、属性或特征。基本用法如下： 位置 例句 作定语 放在名词前 This is an interesting book. 形容词修饰复合不定代词时,通常后置 I have something important to tell you. 作表语 放在系动词后,系动词主要有be动词、三变化（turn，get，become）、感官动词以及stay, go, seem等 This activity is meaningful. Leaves turn yellow in autumn. You look very happy. Lucy always stays positive. 作宾语补足语 常置于keep, make, leave等动词之后，说明宾语的性质、状态和特征 We should keep our classroom clean. 作状语 相当于状语从句，可位于句首、句末或句中。 He arrived home,hungry and tired. 【拓展】 （1）形容词alive, alone, afraid, awake, asleep, well（健康的）等只能作表语。如：Don't be afraid! （2）有些形容词位于定冠词the之后，泛指一类人，表示复数概念，作主语时，谓语动词用复数（如：be用are/were）。这类词有: young/old, rich/poor, healthy/ill, living/dead等。如： The wise are always listening, not speaking. 考向1 形容词词义辨析 对于语境辨析类试题,考生首先要掌握各个选项的意思，再根据语境的逻辑关系来确定正确答案。 考向2 形容词短语辨析 6 / 6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 （1）be+adj.+about be worried about对……担忧 be crazy about对……着迷 be curious about对……好奇 be excited about 对……感到兴奋 be sorry about对……感到抱歉/遗憾/难过 be sure about确信；对……有把握 （2）be+adj.+at be good at擅长…… be surprised at对……感到惊奇 be angry at对……生气（对事） be amazed at对……感到惊讶 be annoyed/mad at对……恼怒 （3）be+adj.+of be afraid of 害怕…… be full of充满…… be proud of为……感到自豪 be sure of对……有把握 be tired of对……感到厌倦 be fond of喜欢…… （4）be+adj.+from be different from与……不同 be absent from缺席…… be free from没有……，免受…… （5）be+adj.+for be famous/known/well-known for 因……而著名 be late for迟到 be thirsty for渴望…… be good for对……有好处 be ready for为……做好准备 be suitable for适合…… （6）be+adj.+in be interested in 对……感兴趣 be weak in在……方面薄弱 be rich in富于，盛产 be successful in在……方面成功 be talented in 在……方面有天赋 （7）be+adj.+with be angry with生……的气（对人） be born with天生具有 be busy with忙于 be careful with 小心 be familiar with熟悉 be strict with对……严格 be popular with受……欢迎 be patient with对……有耐心 be satisfied/pleased with 对……感到满意 be good with善于应付……的；跟……相处得好 （8）be+adj.+to be harmful to对……有害 be similar to与……相似 be close to接近 be friendly/good/nice/kind to对……友好 be polite to对……有礼貌 be thankful to对……心怀感激 be rude to对……粗鲁 ◇难点形容词辨析 典例 （2025·江苏·二模）—Through the course, most students master some ______ life skills. —Yes, my daughter makes her bed perfectly now. A．forgetful B．creative C．practical D．difficult 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——通过这门课程，大多数学生掌握了一些实用的生活技能。——是的，我女儿现在把床整理得很好。 考查形容词辨析。forgetful健忘的；creative有创造力的；practical实际的，实用的；difficult困难的。根据“my daughter makes her bed perfectly now”可知，整理床铺属于一种实用的生活技能。故选C。 1．（2026·上海黄浦·一模）The shop assistant welcomed the customers with a ________ smile. A．happily B．carefully C．warmly D．friendly 【答案】D 【详解】句意：店员用友好的微笑迎接顾客。 考查形容词作定语。happily高兴地；carefully仔细地；warmly热情地；friendly友好的。空格前有不定冠词“a”，后接名词“smile”，此处需用形容词修饰名词。friendly是形容词，意为“友好的”，符合语法和句意。故选D。 2．（2026·上海普陀·一模）The plan to spend the weekend on the beach with family sounds ________. A．perfectly B．sweetly C．lovely D．wonderfully 【答案】C 【详解】句意：与家人在海滩度过周末的计划听起来很美好。 考查词汇辨析。perfectly完美地，副词；sweetly甜美地，副词；lovely可爱的，形容词；wonderfully精彩地，副词。sound (听起来) 是系动词，后面应接形容词作表语。故选C。 3．（19-20九年级·全国·课后作业）—Why did Mr. Smith look ________? —Because his students asked him some ________ questions. A．embarrassed; embarrassing B．embarrassing; embarrassed C．embarrassed; embarrassed D．embarrassing; embarrassing 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——为什么史密斯先生看起来很尴尬？——因为他的学生问了他一些令人尴尬的问题。 考查形容词辨析。embarrassed感到尴尬的，用来修饰人；embarrassing令人尴尬的，用来修饰物。第一空修饰“Mr. Smith”，用embarrassed；第二空修饰“questions”，用embarrassing。故选A。 4．（2026·上海青浦·一模）The little boy felt ________ during the first month abroad, but soon he made new friends. A．sadly B．lonely C．angrily D．excitedly 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这个小男孩在国外第一个月感到孤独，但很快他就交了新朋友。 考查形容词作表语。sadly悲伤地；lonely孤独的；angrily生气地；excitedly兴奋地。根据“The little boy felt...during the first month abroad, but soon he made new friends.”可知，空格前为系动词felt（feel的过去式），其后应接形容词作表语，lonely符合“起初小男孩感到孤独”的语境。故选B。 5．（2025·天津和平·三模）Betty did badly in the exam. She was not ________ to pay attention to every detail. A．enough carefully B．carefully enough C．enough careful D．careful enough 【答案】D 【详解】句意：Betty考试考得不好。她不够细心，没有注意到每一个细节。 考查形容词和enough的用法。carefully仔细地；careful仔细的；enough足够。根据“She was no”可知，在“was not”后，需用形容词作表语，描述主语Betty的状态，“enough”修饰形容词时，必须放在形容词之后，故选D。 6．（24-25九年级下·上海普陀·月考）The coach’s encouraging words helped the players feel ________ at once. A．confident B．confidently C．confidence D．confide 【答案】A 【详解】句意：教练鼓励的话语立刻让球员们感到自信。 考查系表结构。confident自信的，形容词；confidently副词；confidence名词；confide动词。根据“feel”可知，此处应用形容词作表语。故选A。 7．（2025·上海闵行·三模）The novel attracts the teenagers a lot and keeps them ________ for days. A．excited B．exciting C．excite D．excitement 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这部小说吸引了很多青少年，让他们兴奋了好几天。 考查词义辨析和形容词作宾语补足语。excited形容词，兴奋的；exciting形容词，令人兴奋的；excite动词，使兴奋；excitement名词，兴奋。keep sb+adj“使某人……”，此处修饰人，用形容词excited作宾语补足语。故选A。 8．（2025·天津滨海新·模拟预测）Helping others makes us very ________. A．lonely B．lazy C．proud D．harmful 【答案】C 【详解】句意：帮助他人让我们感到非常自豪。 考查形容词辨析。lonely孤独的；lazy懒惰的；proud自豪的；harmful有害的。根据“Helping others”可知，此处表示“帮助他人让我们自豪”，用proud符合语境。故选C。 9．（2026·上海静安·一模）Don’t feel ________, Jim. We are all here to support you. A．sadly B．lonely C．angrily D．unluckily 【答案】B 【详解】句意：别感到孤独，吉姆。我们都在这里支持你。 考查形容词辨析。sadly悲伤地，副词；lonely孤独的，形容词；angrily生气地，副词；unluckily不幸地，副词。连系动词“feel”后应接形容词作表语。根据后句“We are all here to support you.”可知，说话人在安慰对方不要有“孤独”感。故选B。 10．（2025·江苏徐州·模拟预测）I was really when I heard about it— it’s the first time I’ve known that a bird can’t fly! A．surprised B．angry C．confident D．pleased 【答案】A 【详解】句意：当我听说这件事的时候，我真的很惊讶——这是我第一次知道原来还有鸟不会飞！ 考查形容词辨析。surprised惊讶的；angry生气的；confident自信的；pleased高兴的。根据破折号后“it’s the first time I’ve known that a bird can’t fly”可知，这件事是自己首次得知的新鲜事，因此内心的感受是惊讶。故选A。 ◇考点 02 副词的用法 1.副词的基本用法 功能 位置 例句 作状语 ①多数副词放在动词之后 It's raining heavily now. ②动词若带宾语，则放在宾语之后 The girl listens to the teacher carefully. ③频度副词通常放在行为动词之前，情态动词、助动词和be动词之后 We can often see the girl read here. ④程度副词修饰形容词或副词，一般放在被修饰词前 I'm almost ready. 作表语 主要限于少数状态或位置副词、时间副词以及其他副词 When will you be back？ 作定语 一般放在被修饰的名词或代词之后 Life here is full of joy. 作补足语 可作主语补足语或宾语补足语，说明主语和宾语所处的位置、状态、性质、特征等 He is too young to leave him at home alone.（作宾语补足语） 2.常见副词的位置及分类 类型 典型词汇 用法 频度副词 always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom,hardly ever, never等 置于行为动词之前，be动词、助动词及情态动词之后，表示动作发生的频率 方式副词 quickly, happily, loudly, suddenly, luckily, badly, easily, fast等 置于不及物动词之后或及物动词之前，表示动作的行为方式 程度副词 heavily, quite, enough, almost, hardly, rather, a lot, a little, so, too, much等 置于被修饰的词前，表示动词、形容词或另一个副词的强度或程度 时间副词 now, then, today, tomorrow, yesterday, before, ago,just, soon, lately,already, ever, yet等 一般置于句尾，表示动作发生的时间，是确定句子时态的重要标志 地点副词 outside, inside, upstairs, here, there, home, near, away, in, back, off, up, anywhere等 一般置于句尾，表示动作发生的地点或位置关系 疑问副词（词组） when, where, why, how, how long, how soon, how often, how far等 置于特殊疑问句或宾语从句的句首，用于构成特殊疑问句 【注意】enough修饰形容词或副词时需后置。如：The boy is old enough to go to school.（修饰形容词） Sara speaks English well enough to communicate with a British.（修饰副词） 3.其他常考副词 anyway无论如何 abroad在国外 alone独自 also并且；也 besides此外 especially尤其；特别 finally最后；最终 however然而；不过 instead代替；反而 once一次；曾经 perhaps可能；大概 probably大概 【拓展】 （1）有些以-ly结尾的单词是形容词，如： friendly, lonely, lovely, lively, ugly等 （2）同形形容词和副词 ①词义相近的同形形容词和副词 形容词 副词 We had an early breakfast.（早的） We had breakfast early.（早地） We went by a fast train.（快的） Don't speak so fast.（快地） ②词义不同的同形形容词和副词 形容词 副词 I want a straight answer.（坦诚的） He went straight to Beijing.（直接地） I don't feel well today.（健康的） Our plans go well.（顺利地） It is as hard as a stone.（坚硬的） The test is so hard.（困难的） She studies hard.（努力地） He holds the paper hard.（用力地） （3）有些词虽然既可作形容词也可作副词，但加了-ly之后意义相差很大，如： 4.副词词义辨析 分析浙江真题，副词词义辨析主要在完形填空中考查，且主要考查的是-ly副词词义辨析，偶尔涉及频度副词词义辨析。 ◇难点副词辨析 典例 Tao Yuanming wrote about a made-up village in The Peach Blossom Land (《桃花源记》). The people there lived ________, staying away from the outside world. A．carefully B．peacefully C．successfully D．usefully 【答案】B 【详解】句意：陶渊明在《桃花源记》中描写了一个虚构的村落，那里的人们远离外界，过着平静的生活。 考查副词辨析。carefully仔细地；peacefully平静地；successfully成功地；usefully有用地。根据“staying away from the outside world”可知，此处指人们过着平静的生活，要用副词peacefully修饰动词lived，故选B。 1．—How do you like the new garbage-sorting rules in our city? —They work well! Now people throw away waste much ________, and our city becomes cleaner. A．carefully B．more carefully C．careful D．more careful 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你觉得我们城市的新垃圾分类规定怎么样？——它们效果很好！现在人们扔垃圾更仔细了，我们的城市变得更干净了。 考查副词比较级。carefully仔细地，副词原级；more carefully更仔细地，副词比较级；careful仔细的，形容词原级；more careful更仔细的，形容词比较级。根据“Now people throw away waste much..., and our city becomes cleaner.”以及选项可知，应用副词比较级形式more carefully，作状语，修饰动词词组“throw away”，暗指与过去相比。故选B。 2．—Your brother’s English pronunciation is ________ wonderful. —Well, he works hard at it. A．simply B．immediately C．suddenly D．probably 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你弟弟的英语发音简直太棒了。——嗯，他学习很努力。 考查副词辨析。simply简直，完全；immediately立刻；suddenly突然；probably可能。根据“wonderful”和“he works hard at it”可知，此处强调程度，表示“简直太棒了”。故选A。 3．Guess what? You won’t believe ________ little children can do ________ much work in a short time. A．such, such B．so, such C．so, so D．such, so 【答案】D 【详解】句意：你猜怎么着？你不会相信这么小的孩子能在这么短的时间内做这么多的工作。 考查副词和形容词辨析。such是形容词，修饰名词，意思是“如此的、这样的”，后面一般跟名词；so是副词，修饰形容词或副词，意思是“如此地、那么地”。第一个空修饰名词children，应用such；第二个空much表示“多”的时候，前面通常用so来修饰，表示“如此多”或“那么多”。在这个句子中，“so much work”表示“这么多工作”。。故选D。 4．I believed it would ________ work in this way because practice makes perfect. A．highly B．simply C．clearly D．certainly 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我相信它肯定会以这种方式起作用，因为熟能生巧。 考查副词辨析。highly高度地；simply简单地；clearly清楚地；certainly肯定地。根据practice makes perfect“熟能生巧”可知，说话者对此很有信心，因此应选择表示“肯定”含义的副词。故选D。 5．On our road trip across the country, the scenes were _______ farmland and small villages. A．politely B．mostly C．loudly D．closely 【答案】B 【详解】句意：在我们横跨全国的公路旅行中，沿途景色大多是农田和小村庄。 考查副词辨析。politely礼貌地；mostly主要地，大部分；loudly大声地；closely紧密地。根据“the scenes were”可知，此处是说沿途景色以农田和村庄为主。故选B。 6．—To build a civilized city, we need everyone to stick to waste sorting in daily life. —Exactly. This is ________ a small thing but a big step for a green life. A．nearly B．hardly C．simply D．exactly 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——为了建设文明城市，我们需要每个人在日常生活中坚持垃圾分类。——确实如此。这仅仅是一件小事，但却是绿色生活的一大步。 考查副词辨析。nearly几乎；hardly几乎不；simply仅仅；exactly确切地。根据“This is…a small thing but a big step”可知，此处表达“这仅仅是一件小事，但却是一大步”，simply“仅仅”符合题意。故选C。 7．To make the cake taste perfect, the cook adds ________ 100 grams of sugar into the bowl, no more and no less. A．exactly B．nearly C．mainly D．mostly 【答案】A 【详解】句意：为了让蛋糕尝起来完美，厨师往碗里恰好加了100克糖，不多不少。 考查副词辨析。exactly恰好地；nearly几乎；mainly主要地；mostly大部分地。根据后半句“no more and no less”表示“不多不少”可知，糖的分量是精确的，因此应选“恰好地”。故选A。 8．—What do you think of Mary? —She is a good girl. She always answers the phone________ when I call her. A．politely B．seriously C．simply D．hardly 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你觉得玛丽怎么样？——她是个好女孩。当我给她打电话时，她总是礼貌地接电话。 考查副词辨析。politely 礼貌地；seriously 严肃地；simply 简单地；hardly 几乎不。根据前句“She is a good girl”可知，玛丽是个好女孩，因此接电话时态度应该是“礼貌地”。故选A。 9．—Cathy did ________ in yesterday’s tennis match. —How come? I remember she is good at tennis. A．mostly B．completely C．badly D．seriously 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——凯西在昨天的网球比赛中表现得很糟糕。——怎么会呢？我记得她擅长网球。 考查副词辨析。mostly主要地；completely完全地；badly糟糕地；seriously严重地。根据答语“How come? I remember she is good at tennis.”可知，答话人感到意外，因此前半句应表示凯西表现不佳。故选C。 10．—A mouse mother returned from China’s space station and ________ gave birth to babies. —Wow! It’s a big step for space life science. A．suddenly B．specially C．completely D．successfully 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——一只母鼠从中国空间站返回，并成功生下了幼崽。——哇！这是太空生命科学的一大步。 考查副词辨析。suddenly突然地；specially特别地；completely完全地；successfully成功地。根据答句“It’s a big step for space life science.”可知，母鼠返回后“成功”产仔具有科研意义，强调任务达成。故选D。 ◇考点 03 形容词和副词的比较等级 1.形容词、副词比较等级的变化规则 （1）规则变化 类别 构成方法 原级 比较级 最高级 单音节词和少数双音节词 直接加-er, -est young younger youngest 以不发音e结尾的加-r, -st large larger largest 以单个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词，先双写该辅音字母，再加-er或-est big fat hot bigger fatter hotter biggest fattest hottest 以“辅音字母加y”结尾，先变y为i,再加-er, -est happy easy healthy happier easier shier happiest easiest healthiest 多音节词和部分双音节词 在词前加more, most careful clever more careful more clever the most careful the most clever （2）不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 good/well better best bad/badly worse worst many/much more most little less least far farther/further farthest/furthest old older/elder oldest/eldest 2.形容词、副词比较等级的用法 （1）原级的用法 用法 例句 说明人或事物自身的特征、性质或状态时用原级 The flowers in the garden are beautiful. 被程度副词very， so， too， enough， quite等修饰时用原级 She's very nice when you get to know her. as+原级+as Jack is as old as Kate. Tom runs as fast as Mike. not+as/so+原级+as This room is not as/so big as that one. He doesn't walk as/so slowly as you. （2）比较级的用法 用法 例句 “比较级+than”，表示“比” My brother Bob is more hard-working than me. “the+比较级，the+比较级”，表示“越……，越……” The more fruit you eat,the healthier you will be. “比较级+and+比较级”，表示“越来越……” Our city is becoming cleaner and cleaner. “the+比较级+of the two…”，表示“两者中比较……的一个” He is the more active of the two boys. “Which/Who+is/谓语动词+比较级，A or B?”, 表示“两者相比较，哪个/谁更……？” Which is nearer to the sun, the moon or the earth? “比较级+than any other+可数名词单数” =“比较级+than the other+可数名词复数”，表示“比任何一个人/物都……”（比较级形式表最高级含义） Li Gang is taller than any other student in his class.=Li Gang is taller than the other students in his class. “A+be/谓语动词+倍数+比较级+than+B”, 表示“A几倍于B” My apples are three times more than yours. 根据语境判断比较级 This pair of shoes is too big for me, so I want to change for a smaller one. 【拓展】比较级前一般可用much, a little, a lot, even, still, far, a bit等词来修饰。如： It is much warmer than yesterday. （3）最高级的用法 “the+最高级+of/in+比较范围”，表示“……是……中最……”（三者或三者以上的） This picture is the best of all in the box. “one of the+最高级+可数名词复数+比较范围”，表示“……中最……之一” Qipao is one of the most traditional dresses in China. “the+序数词+形容词最高级+可数名词单数+比较范围”，表示“A是……中第几最……” She is the second tallest girl in our class. “Which/Who+be+the+最高级，A, B or C?”,表示“三者比较，哪个/谁最……？” Who is the tallest in your class, Tom, Kate or Bill? 否定词+比较级（+than）或can't/couldn't+比较级（否定词有not, no, never, nothing等） Nobody could do the work better than he did. 根据语境判断最高级 There are four seasons in a year. Autumn is the best one. 【注意】 （1）形容词最高级前要加the，但当形容词最高级前有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等时，不加the。 （2）副词最高级前的the可省略。 ◇难点比较级和最高级的句型 典例 Wechat is ________ of the two ways to talk with friends. A．the more popular B．more popular C．the most popular D．most popular 【答案】A 【详解】句意：微信是两种与朋友聊天的方式中比较流行的一种。 考查比较级。根据“of the two ways”可知此处特指两个方式中比较流行的一种，故此处用比较级，且应加定冠词表特指。故选A。 1．—Which of the two paintings do you prefer? —The one with mountains. It uses ________ colors that make me happier. A．brighter B．the brightest C．darker D．the darkest 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——这两幅画你更喜欢哪一幅？——有山的那一幅。它用了更明亮的颜色，让我更开心。 考查形容词比较级的用法和形容词辨析。brighter更明亮的，比较级；the brightest最明亮的，最高级；darker更暗的，比较级；the darkest最暗的，最高级。根据“make me happier”可知，让“我”更开心，说明颜色应该是明亮的，且此处是两幅画之间的比较，需用比较级。故选A。 2．The more you read, ________ you will be. A．the wise B．the wiser C．wiser D．the wisest 【答案】B 【详解】句意：你读得越多，你就会越聪明。 考查“the+比较级，the+比较级”固定句型，表示“越……，越……”。the wise定冠词+原级；the wiser定冠词+比较级；wiser比较级，无定冠词；the wisest定冠词+最高级。根据句意和固定句型结构，前后两部分均需用“the+比较级”形式，故选B。 3．—How do you like the film Ne Zha 2? —It’s amazing. I have never watched a ________ one before. A．best B．worse C．worst D．better 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你觉得电影《哪吒2》怎么样？——太棒了。我以前从未看过比这更好的一部。 考查形容词比较级。best最好的（最高级）；worse更差的（比较级）；worst最差的（最高级）；better更好的（比较级）。根据前句“It’s amazing.”可知电影很好，且“I have never watched a... one before.”隐含“这是我看过的最好的一部”之意，常用“a+比较级+one”结构表达“比以往看过的都更好”，故用比较级better。故选D。 4．Journey to the West is one of ________ novels in China. A．popular B．more popular C．most popular D．the most popular 【答案】D 【详解】句意：《西游记》是中国最受欢迎的小说之一。 考查形容词最高级。popular受欢迎的；more popular更受欢迎的；most popular最受欢迎的(无冠词)；the most popular最受欢迎的(带冠词)。根据“one of+the+形容词最高级+名词复数”的固定结构可知，此处需使用“the most popular”。故选D。 5．Uranus (天王星) is the second ________ planet from the Sun in our solar system. A．far B．farther C．farthest D．the farthest 【答案】C 【详解】句意：天王星是太阳系中离太阳第二远的行星。 考查形容词最高级。far远的；farther更远的；farthest最远的；the farthest最远的，定冠词+最高级。根据“the second…planet from the Sun in our solar system”可知，此处是三者及以上比较，用最高级，且最高级前有序数词修饰时，不加定冠词the。故选C。 6．—The skirts are all very beautiful. I can’t decide which one to choose. —Oh, look at this red one. I think it’s ________. A．beautiful B．more beautiful C．less beautiful D．the most beautiful 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——这些裙子都很漂亮，我无法决定选哪一个。——哦，看这个红色的，我认为它是最漂亮的。 考查形容词最高级用法。根据“The skirts are all very beautiful.”可知此处是认为红色裙子是所有裙子中最漂亮的，故用最高级。故选D。 7．As a traditional festival, the Dragon Boat Festival is becoming ________. A．more and more popular B．less and less popular C．the more popular D．more popular and more popular 【答案】A 【详解】句意：端午节作为一个传统节日，正变得越来越受欢迎。 考查比较级。 more and more popular越来越受欢迎；less and less popular越来越不受欢迎；the more popular更受欢迎的，强调两者之间；more popular and more popular错误表达。根据“As a traditional festival, the Dragon Boat Festival is becoming...”可知，端午节正变得越来越受欢迎，应用more and more popular。故选A。 8．Zhenjiang is smaller than ________ in Jiangsu, but I think it’s a comfortable city. A．any other city B．any cities C．the other city D．any city 【答案】A 【详解】句意：镇江比江苏其他任何城市都小，但我认为它是一个舒服的城市。 考查不定代词。any other city任何其他城市，表示同一范围内的其他任何一个城市；any cities任何城市，一般用于不同范围的比较；the other city两者中的另一个城市；any city任何一座城市，没有把自身排除在外。根据常识可知，镇江是江苏省的一部分，此处比较应是排除了自身，故应用“any other+名词单数”的形式，表示“任何一个除了已经提到的事物之外的其他事物或人”。故选A。 9．As one of the biggest cities in the world, Shanghai is bigger than ________ in Africa. A．any other cities B．any other city C．any city D．any cities 【答案】C 【详解】句意：作为世界上最大的城市之一，上海比非洲的任何城市都大。 考查比较级用法。由于上海不属于非洲，比较时无需使用“other”排除自身，直接使用“any city”表示“任何城市”即可。A项和B项中的“other”表示排除自身，但上海不在非洲，故错误；D项“any cities”语法上不标准，通常用单数“any city”。故选C。 10．Math seems to be ________ for me of the two subjects. A．difficult B．too difficult C．the more difficult D．the most difficult 【答案】C 【详解】句意：在这两门科目中，数学似乎对我来说更难。 考查比较级。根据“of the two subjects.”可知，二者之间的比较，应用比较级，此处应用the more difficult。故选C。 ◇考点 04 针对词汇运用和语法填空 考向1 填形容词原级 用法 示例 位于be动词、感官动词后作表语 Thomas is thin and tall. This song sounds wonderful. 位于名词前作定语 a big park 位于复合不定代词后，修饰复合不定代词 Something new 位于宾语之后作宾补，常与make， leave， keep等动词连用 The good news made everyone very happy. as+形容词原级+as The kitchen is as clean as the living room. 在句型It is+adj.+（of/for sb.） to do sth. 中 It is necessary to have a good study habit. 考向2 填副词原级 用法 例句 修饰动词、形容词或其他副词 Lily is reading carefully in her room. The play is really funny. 修饰动词短语 Our family do some cleaning in the house happily. 修饰整个句子，常位于句首 Finally， doctors and nurses arrived in time. 考向3 形容词、副词变比较等级 用法 例句 若句中有 much， even， far， than等比较级标志词时，用比较级 Peter is much stronger than he used to be. 若句末有in/of/among短语等表示范围时，用最高级 The hotel has the best rooms of the three. “比较级+and +比较级”，“the +比较级， the +比较级”等固定用法 It is believed that the harder you work， the better result you'll get. one of+ the+形容词最高级+名词复数形式+其他 Norman Bethune is one of the most famous heroes in China. 根据语境判断 Charlie is the second tallest student in the class. 考向4 形容词变名词 在以下情况下，需将形容词变为名词： 用法 示例 a/an/the/形容词性物主代词+名词 the height of the mountain 形容词+名词 many differences 动词/介词+名词 pay attention to safety 介词短语中 in danger 【拓展】初中常考“形容词变名词”的规则如下： （1）形容词+-ness ill→illness疾病 kind→kindness仁慈;好意 （2）形容词+-ty/-ity/-y safe→safety安全 electric→electricity 电力；电流 difficult→difficulty 困难 （3）形容词（以t结尾的）变t为ce different→difference差异；不同 confident→confidence自信；信心 patient→patience耐心 （4）形容词+-er/-r foreign→foreigner 外国人 strange→stranger陌生人 （5）形容词去掉-ful successful→success成功 （6）其他形式 true→truth 事实 free→freedom自由 考向5 形容词变反义词 初中常考“形容词变反义词”的规则如下： （1）im+以字母m, b, p开头的形容词 possible→impossible不可能的 （2）un+形容词 usual→unusual不寻常的 necessary→unnecessary不必要的 （3）dis+形容词 honest→dishonest不诚实的 （4）in+形容词 correct→incorrect 不正确的 考向6 形容词变副词 【拓展】形容词变副词的规律 规则 示例 以“辅音字母加-y”结尾的形容词，变y为i，再加-ly lucky→luckily happy→happily 以“辅音字母加-le”结尾的形容词，去e，再加-y terrible→terribly possible→possibly simple→simply 少数以“元音字母加-e”结尾的形容词，去e，再加-ly true→truly ◇难点形容词和副词的词性变化 典例I called Miss Lin to ask for a    ______leave because of my headache. A．two-days B．two day’s C．two-day 【答案】C 【解析】句意：因为头痛，我打电话给林小姐请了两天假。two-day leave是两天的假，作定语，用连词符，用单数，排除A；two-day 是形容词性的合成词，two day's 是名词所有格，a two-day 修饰leave，不能用名词所有格 a two day's 限定leave。故选C。 1．（25-26九年级上·江苏无锡·期末）I was always worried about my English study and got even (mad) before exams. 【答案】madder 【详解】句意：我以前总是担心我的英语学习，在考试前变得更加生气/疯狂。mad“生气的，发疯的，疯狂的”，形容词，even是程度副词，修饰比较级，表示“甚至更……”，因此需要用mad的比较级形式madder。故填madder。 2．（25-26九年级上·江苏无锡·期末）Many people find the film (value), especially students like me. 【答案】valuable 【详解】句意：许多人觉得这部电影很有价值，尤其像我这样的学生。value“价值”，名词，此处应用形容词作宾语补足语，表示电影具有某种特性；其形容词形式为valuable“有价值的”。故填valuable。 3．（25-26九年级上·江苏无锡·期末）The (late) study shows that they are eating away our time, minute by minute. 【答案】latest 【详解】句意：最新的研究表明它们正在一分一秒地消耗我们的时间。根据“The ... shows that they are eating away our time, minute by minute.”及所给单词“late”可知，此处表示“最新的”，应用late的最高级latest，latest意为“最新的”，故填latest。 4．（25-26九年级上·江苏泰州·期末）The government made it a rule that the (wealth) you are, the more income taxes (税) you may have to pay. 【答案】wealthier 【详解】句意：政府规定，你越富有，可能需要缴纳的所得税就越多。根据“The government made it a rule that the...you are, the more income taxes (税) you may have to pay.”可知，此句为“the+比较级，the+比较级”结构，表示“越……，就越……”，wealth“财富”，名词，此处用形容词作表语，wealthy“富有的”，比较级为wealthier。故填wealthier。 5．（25-26九年级上·江苏扬州·期末）The manager is much with his workers in the work now. (strict) 【答案】stricter 【详解】句意：现在，经理在工作中对员工的要求严格得多。strict表示“严格的”，形容词，much用来修饰形容词比较级，strict的比较级是stricter。故填stricter。 6．（25-26九年级上·江苏无锡·期末）Facing a (heavy) guarded secret, they make efforts to save the city. 【答案】heavily 【详解】句意：面对一个守卫森严的秘密，他们努力拯救这座城市。根据“Facing a…guarded secret, they make efforts to save the city.”可知，这里需要一个副词修饰过去分词guarded，heavy是形容词“沉重的、大量的”，其副词形式heavily符合语境，说明秘密被守卫的程度，即“守卫森严”。故填heavily。 7．（25-26九年级上·江苏无锡·期末）Judy and Nick find an (known) danger hidden in Zootopia. 【答案】unknown 【详解】句意：朱迪和尼克在疯狂动物城发现了一个隐藏的未知危险。known“已知的”，根据“hidden in Zootopia”的语境，此处需用其反义词表示 “未知的”，且unknown以元音音素开头，匹配不定冠词an的使用规则。故填unknown。 8．（25-26九年级上·江苏淮安·期中）Do you know anything about the Chinese (tradition) festival, the Spring Festival? 【答案】traditional 【详解】句意：你了解中国传统节日——春节吗？tradition“传统”，是名词。根据句子结构可知，此处修饰名词festival，应用形容词形式traditional“传统的”，作定语。故填traditional。 9．（25-26九年级上·江苏扬州·期中）The noise from the factories made everyone stay the whole night. (wake) 【答案】awake 【详解】句意：工厂的噪音让所有人都彻夜难眠。根据“made everyone stay...the whole night”以及所给单词可知，应填wake的形容词形式awake“醒着的”，作表语。故填awake。 10．（25-26九年级上·江苏无锡·月考）He is the (wealthy) person I have ever known, but he wears simple clothes. 【答案】wealthiest 【详解】句意：他是我认识的最富有的人，但他却衣着朴素。根据“the”和“I have ever known”可知，此处有范围限定，限定于我所认识的人；所以需用形容词的最高级形式，在句中作定语。wealthy的最高级是wealthiest。故填wealthiest。 ◇题型 01 单项填空中的形容词和副词考查 典｜例｜精｜析 典例1（2025·天津南开·二模）—I forget new words quickly. What should I do? —Don’t worry. It’s ________ to forget new words. A．difficult B．perfect C．helpful D．natural 【答案】D 【详解】句意：—— 我很快就忘记新单词。我该怎么办？—— 别担心。忘记新单词是很自然的。 考查形容词辨析。difficult困难的；perfect完美的；helpful有帮助的；natural自然的。根据“Don’t worry.”可知忘记新单词是正常的情况，不必担心。故选D。 方｜法｜提｜炼 1.明确修饰对象规则，规避修饰陷阱：形容词修饰名词/代词（放名词前或系动词后），副词修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子，这是核心区别。若选项中形容词误用修饰动词（如 “run quick”）、副词误用修饰名词（如 “a quickly boy”），直接排除；仅特殊情况（如 good/well，good 是形容词修饰名词，well 作形容词仅指“身体好”，作副词修饰动词）需单独记忆，避免混淆。 2.区分原级、比较级、最高级用法，避免等级混淆：当选项同时出现形容词/副词的原级（如 “tall”“fast”）、比较级（如 “taller”“faster”）、最高级（如 “tallest”“fastest”）时，根据题干标志词判断：无标志词用原级，有 “than”“much” 等用比较级，有 “the”“in/of+范围” 等用最高级。若题干有 “than” 却出现原级/最高级选项，或有范围词却出现原级/比较级选项，直接排除。 3.结合语境逻辑，验证词义与语气合理性：若剩余选项难区分，结合题干语义、情感语气判断：如 “good”（品质好，泛指）与 “fine”（身体好、天气好、语气委婉），“quickly”（动作敏捷）与 “fast”（速度快），根据语境侧重选择。如题干表“身体状况”，排除 “good” 选 “fine”；题干表“跑步速度”，排除 “quickly” 选 “fast”，确保选项既符合语法规则，又贴合上下文语境。 变｜式｜巩｜固 变式1 （2025·天津河北·二模）In order to build trust, we should tell the truth and be ________ with others. A．honest B．angry C．strange D．magical 【答案】A 【详解】句意：为了建立信任，我们应该说真话，并且对他人要诚实。 考查形容词辨析。honest诚实的；angry生气的；strange奇怪的；magical有魔力的。根据“In order to build trust”可知，信任需要表现出诚实。故选A。 变式2 （2025·天津河东·一模）All the ________ things need air and water. Without them, nothing can stay ________. A．living; living B．living; alive C．alive; alive D．alive; living 【答案】B 【详解】句意：所有活着的东西都需要空气和水。没有它们，没有东西能存活。 考查形容词辨析。living活着的，作定语，修饰名词；alive活着的，表语形容词。第一空修饰名词“things”，所以填living；第二空作stay的表语，所以填alive，故选B。 ◇题型 02 词语运用/用所给词的适当形式填空中的形容词和副词考查 典｜例｜精｜析 典例2（2019·江苏南京·二模）—Suzy used to take second place in exams. (luck), she came top in this exam. —Good things come to those who work hard. 【答案】Luckily 【详解】句意：——苏西过去考试得第二名。幸运的是，她这次考试得了第一名。——好东西总是属于那些努力工作的人。根据提示可知：此处需用提示词luck的副词形式，修饰整个句子；luck的副词形式是luckily，句中首字母需大写。故填Luckily。 方｜法｜提｜练 步骤1：判断所给词词性及题干需求 所给词多为形容词（如good、happy）或副词（如fast、quickly），先明确题干空格处需填形容词还是副词，核心判断依据：修饰名词/代词→填形容词；修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子→填副词；系动词（be、feel、look等）后→填形容词。 例：• 所给词good，空格后是名词boy→填形容词good（a good boy）；• 所给词quick，空格前是动词run→填副词quickly（run quickly）；• 所给词happy，空格前是系动词feel→填形容词happy（feel happy）。 步骤2：判断词形变化形式（原级/比较级/最高级/词性转换） 确定需填形容词或副词后，结合题干标志词、语境，判断具体变形形式，这是解题关键，也是中考高频失分点。 • 词性转换规则（形容词↔副词）： 1. 一般情况：形容词后加ly（如quick→quickly、slow→slowly） 例：所给词slow，空格修饰动词walk→填slowly（walk slowly）；所给词clear，空格修饰形容词easy→填clearly（clearly easy）。 2. 特殊情况：以y结尾的形容词，变y为i加ly（如happy→happily、busy→busily）；以le结尾的形容词，去e加ly（如simple→simply、terrible→terribly）；不规则变化（如good→well、late→late/lately） 例：所给词happy，空格修饰动词sing→填happily（sing happily）；所给词good，空格修饰动词play→填well（play well）。 • 等级变化规则（原级/比较级/最高级）： 1. 无标志词（无than、无范围）：用原级（所给词不变形，或按需求转换词性后用原级） 例：所给词fast，题干无标志词，空格修饰动词run→填fast（run fast）；所给词beautiful，空格修饰名词flower→填beautiful（a beautiful flower）。 2. 有比较级标志词（than、much、a little等）：用比较级（规则变形/不规则变形） 例：所给词tall，空格后有than→填taller（taller than me）；所给词good，空格前有much→填better（much better）。 3. 有最高级标志词（the、in/of+范围）：用最高级（规则变形/不规则变形，前面加the） 例：所给词tall，空格前有the，后有in our class→填the tallest（the tallest in our class）；所给词well，空格前有the，后有of all→填the best（the best of all）。 步骤3：验证逻辑合理性 将变形后的词填入空格，验证语义是否通顺、修饰关系是否正确，确保符合语法规则和语境逻辑：形容词需准确修饰名词/代词，副词需准确修饰动词、形容词等，等级变化需匹配标志词，避免词性误用、等级误用。 例：• 所给词quick，题干为“He runs ______（quick）.”→变形为quickly，填入后“ He runs quickly.” 语义通顺，修饰关系正确；• 所给词good，题干为“This book is ______（good）than that one.”→变形为better，填入后语义通顺，匹配than标志词。 中考高频考点总结 形容词变副词 一般情况加ly（quick→quickly）；y结尾变i加ly（happy→happily）；不规则变化（good→well） run quickly、sing happily、play well 比较级变化 有than、much等标志词，规则变形（tall→taller）；不规则变形（good→better、many→more） taller than、much better 最高级变化 有the、in/of+范围标志词，规则变形（tall→the tallest）；不规则变形（good→the best） the tallest in our class、the best of all 词性误用规避 系动词后用形容词，动词/形容词后用副词；避免“run quick”“a quickly boy”类错误 feel happy、walk slowly、a good boy 变｜式｜巩｜固 变式1 （25-26九年级上·江苏无锡·期末）Now I know I can improve it (successful) if I have a strong mind. 【答案】successfully 【详解】句意：现在我知道，只要我有坚定的意志，就能成功地改进它。此处需用副词修饰动词improve，successful的副词形式是successfully“成功地”。故填successfully。 变式2 （25-26九年级上·江苏无锡·月考）With the development of trade, this small country has become much _____________(wealth) than it was ten years ago. 【答案】wealthier 【详解】句意：随着贸易的发展，这个小国比十年前富裕多了。根据“become much...than”可知，此处应用形容词比较级；wealth“财富”是名词，其形容词是wealthy“富有的”，所以比较级为wealthier。故填wealthier。 ◇题型 03 完形填空的形容词和副词考查 典｜例｜精｜析 典例3（2025·江苏盐城·中考真题）It was a cold, rainy Monday morning. By the time I got to the 1 , my shoes were full of water, and I was tired and unhappy. When I walked in, I 2 something on my desk. It was a small paper box, carefully folded, with my name written on top. I 3 but no one seemed to notice me. I slowly 4 the box. Inside were a chocolate bar and a note: “Hope today gets 5 !” At first, I thought the teacher had left it. But she looked just as 6 as I was. I asked the students sitting near me, but they all said 7 . I watched my classmates’ faces, hoping that someone would smile or give me a 8 . But no one said a word. At lunch, I sat with my friend Maya. “ 9 gave me this,” I said, showing her the note. She read it and smiled, “Looks like you have a 10 friend.” “Maybe,” I smiled. Out of the window, the rain was still falling, 11 somehow it didn’t feel so heavy. The next day, I 12 three small paper boxes with candies inside. I quietly placed them on three desks 13 class began. I didn’t write my name on them. I just wanted someone else to 14 like I did. I never found out who gave me that 15 , but I still remember it. It taught me that even a small act of kindness can make a big difference—especially on a rainy day. 1．A．hall B．office C．library D．classroom 2．A．saw B．put C．left D．threw 3．A．ran away B．went out C．pushed in D．looked around 4．A．hid B．opened C．cleaned D．lifted 5．A．safer B．busier C．better D．longer 6．A．scared B．stressed C．satisfied D．surprised 7．A．yes B．no C．hello D．goodbye 8．A．sign B．lesson C．chance D．promise 9．A．Somebody B．Anybody C．Everybody D．Nobody 10．A．brave B．curious C．secret D．famous 11．A．and B．but C．or D．so 12．A．sold B．made C．received D．borrowed 13．A．once B．until C．before D．after 14．A．work B．dress C．smile D．relax 15．A．gift B．book C．lunch D．umbrella 【答案】 1．D 2．A 3．D 4．B 5．C 6．D 7．B 8．A 9．A 10．C 11．B 12．B 13．C 14．C 15．A 【解析】本文是一个关于善意传递的温暖故事。故事通过这个简单的互动展现了善意传递的力量和人与人之间的温暖连接。 1．句意：当我到达教室时，我的鞋子里全是水，我又累又不开心。 hall大厅；office办公室；library图书馆；classroom教室。根据下文“When I walked in, I...something on my desk.”可知，此处指到达教室。故选D。 2．句意：当我走进去时，我看到我桌子上有什么东西。 saw看见；put放；left离开；threw扔。根据“something on my desk”可知，此处指看到桌子上有东西。故选A。 3．句意：我环顾四周，但似乎没人注意到我。 ran away逃跑；went out出去；pushed in推进去；looked around环顾四周。根据“but no one seemed to notice me”可知，此处指环顾四周，看有没有人注意到自己。故选D。 4．句意：我慢慢地打开了盒子。 hid隐藏；opened打开；cleaned打扫；lifted举起。根据“Inside were a chocolate bar and a note”可知，此处指打开盒子。故选B。 5．句意：希望今天会变得更好！ safer更安全的；busier更忙的；better更好的；longer更长的。根据“Inside were a chocolate bar and a note”可知，送了礼物应是希望今天会变得更好。故选C。 6．句意：但她看起来和我一样惊讶。 scared害怕的；stressed紧张的；satisfied满意的；surprised惊讶的。根据上文“At first, I thought the teacher had left it.”可知，作者一开始以为是老师放的，但老师看起来和作者一样惊讶。故选D。 7．句意：我问坐在我附近的学生，但他们都说不。 yes是；no不；hello你好；goodbye再见。根据“But”可知，前后句意出现转折，所以应是学生们都说不是自己放的。故选B。 8．句意：我看着同学们的脸，希望有人能微笑或给我一个示意的动作。 sign示意的动作；lesson课程；chance机会；promise承诺。根据“hoping that someone would smile”可知，此处指希望有人能给自己一个微笑或者示意的动作。故选A。 9．句意：“有人给了我这个，”我说着，把纸条给她看。 Somebody有人；Anybody任何人；Everybody每个人；Nobody没有人。根据上文描述可知，作者不知道是谁放的，所以此处指有人给了自己这个。故选A。 10．句意：她看了之后笑了：“看来你有一个神秘的朋友。” brave勇敢的；curious好奇的；secret神秘的；famous著名的。根据上文描述可知，作者不知道是谁放的，所以此处指神秘的朋友。故选C。 11．句意：窗外，雨还在下，但不知怎么的，它并没有让人感觉那么猛烈。 and和；but但是；or或者；so所以。根据前后句意可知，此处存在转折关系，所以用but连接。故选B。 12．句意：第二天，我做了三个里面装着糖果的小纸盒。 sold卖；made制作；received收到；borrowed借。根据下文“I didn’t write my name on them.”可知，此处指做了三个小纸盒。故选B。 13．句意：上课前，我悄悄地把它们放在了三张桌子上。 once一旦；until直到……为止；before在……之前；after在……之后。根据“I quietly placed them on three desks...class began.”可知，此处指上课前把纸盒放在了桌子上。故选C。 14．句意：我只是想让别人像我一样微笑。 work工作；dress穿衣服；smile微笑；relax放松。与前文主角的情绪变化形成呼应，收到礼物应是感到开心。故选C。 15．句意：我从来不知道是谁给了我那个礼物，但我仍然记得它。 gift礼物；book书；lunch午饭；umbrella雨伞。根据“It was a small paper box, carefully folded, with my name written on top.”可知，此处指那个装着巧克力和纸条的纸盒是作者收到的礼物。故选A。 方｜法｜提｜练 一、 解题核心逻辑 1. 语境优先，定位形容词/副词的“前后呼应” • 核心原则：形容词和副词的选择90%以上都能在上下文找到直接线索（情感、程度、场景提示）。 • 操作方法： 1. 向前找：空格前的系动词（be、feel、look）、动词（run、speak）、名词（boy、day），会提示需填形容词还是副词（系动词/名词后用形容词，动词后用副词）。 2. 向后找：空格后的标志词（than、much、a little）、范围词（in our class、of all），会提示形容词/副词的等级（原级、比较级、最高级）。 3. 全段找：关注形容词/副词的“原词复现”“同义替换”或“情感呼应”，这是中考形容词/副词完形最常见的考点。 • 示例：本文第2空 She felt ______，后文紧接着出现 she smiled and hugged her mom，“微笑、拥抱”直接提示此处应填 happy，这就是典型的“情感呼应”。 2. 语法辅助，判断形容词/副词的“词性与等级” • 词性判断： ◦ 若空格后是名词、空格前是系动词（be、feel、look、sound），需填形容词，如 a happy boy、feel sad。 ◦ 若空格前是动词、形容词，或空格修饰整个句子，需填副词，如 run quickly、very slowly。 • 等级判断： ◦ 当出现 than、much、a little 等标志词时，需用比较级，如 happier than、much faster。 ◦ 当出现 the、in/of+范围（in our school、of all）等标志词时，需用最高级，如 the happiest、the fastest in our class。 3. 搭配验证，确保形容词/副词的“合理使用” • 固定搭配：积累常见的形容词/副词短语，如 be good at（擅长）、run fast（跑得快）、feel sorry for（为……感到遗憾）、speak clearly（说得清楚）。 • 逻辑搭配：确保所选形容词/副词符合生活逻辑和情感变化，如 happy、smile 搭配符合“开心”的场景，sad、cry 搭配符合“难过”的场景，quickly 符合“赶时间”的场景。 二、 实战解题步骤 1. 通读全文，标记形容词/副词线索 快速浏览全文，圈出所有出现的形容词、副词（如 happy、sad、quickly、slowly）和相关标志词（than、in our class、feel、run），建立“形容词/副词情感与等级库”，明确故事的情感基调（开心/难过、快速/缓慢）和等级提示，为后续解题做准备。 2. 逐空分析，锁定语境依据 对每个空格，先看前后文是否有形容词/副词复现、情感呼应或等级提示。例如： ◦ 第1空 The weather is ______ today，结合语境“天气”，空格前是系动词 is，需填形容词，常用 sunny、rainy、fine，故填 fine。 ◦ 第2空 She felt ______，后文出现 she smiled and hugged her mom，提示“开心”的情感，需填形容词，故填 happy。 ◦ 第3空 He runs ______ than his brother，空格前是动词 runs，且有 than 标志词，需填副词比较级，故填 faster。 3. 语法检查，确认词性与等级 填完答案后，回头检查形容词/副词的形式是否正确： ◦ 词性是否匹配：系动词/名词后是否用了形容词，动词/形容词后是否用了副词（如避免“feel happily”“run quick”的错误）。 ◦ 等级是否正确：有 than 需用比较级，有 the+范围需用最高级，不规则变形（good→better→best、well→better→best）是否无误。 4. 代入验证，通读全文流畅性 将所有答案填入空格，完整读一遍，确保： ◦ 形容词/副词与前后系动词、动词、名词的搭配自然（如 feel happy 正确，run quickly 正确）。 ◦ 整个故事的情感变化连贯，形容词/副词的等级符合语境（如“两者对比”用比较级，“三者及以上对比”用最高级）。 ◦ 没有语法错误（如词性误用、等级搭配错误）。 三、 高频考点总结 形容词/副词复现 关注上下文出现的原词或近义词，结合词性判断形式。 第2空 happy 与后文 smile 情感呼应，确定填形容词 happy。 词性辨析 根据修饰对象、句子成分，判断用形容词还是副词。 系动词 is 后用形容词 fine；动词 run 后用副词 quickly。 等级变化 根据 than、in/of+范围等标志词，判断用原级、比较级或最高级。 than 对应比较级 faster；the+in our class 对应最高级 the happiest。 固定搭配 积累常见形容词/副词短语，直接匹配选择。 be good at、run fast、speak clearly，避免搭配错误。 ◇题型 04 语法填空中的形容词和副词考查 典｜例｜精｜析 典例4（2024·江苏宿迁·中考真题） Su Shi, known as Su Dongpo, was a famous Chinese writer, poet and painter. When he was young, he read a lot of books and wrote many good articles. People thought 1 (high) of him. Because of this, he became very proud and wrote a couplet (对联) for 2 (him). Knowing all the words in the world; Reading all the books on the earth. A wise old man saw this couplet and thought, “It is necessary for Su Shi 3 (learn) how to be modest.” So, one day, he came to Su Shi’s house with a book. The old man showed Su Shi the book and explained, “So far, I 4 (read) the book several times, but there are still some difficult words that I can’t understand. I have asked many people, but none of them could understand their 5 (meaning). I have heard that you are a person of rich knowledge, so I come to ask you.” Full of confidence, Su Shi took the book from the old 6 (man) hand, but when he opened it, he became very 7 (surprise) because there were many words he didn’t know. At that moment, Su Shi realized that there were many more things that he had to learn. Actually, the old man knew every word in this book. He just wanted to make Su Shi know the importance of 8 (be) modest. Su Shi was embarrassed (尴尬的) and said, “Now I know why you came. I shouldn’t have been so arrogant (自大的).” The old man smiled and 9 (leave). Then Su Shi quickly took his brush and ink, and added some words to the couplet: Working hard to know all the words in the world; Being determined to read all the books on the earth. From then on, he worked even 10 (hard) than before. Finally, Su Shi made great achievements in many fields, especially in literature. 【答案】 1．highly 2．himself 3．to learn 4．have read 5．meanings 6．man’s 7．surprised 8．being 9．left 10．harder 【解析】本文主要讲述了苏轼“发奋识遍天下字，立志读尽人间书”对联背后的故事。 1．句意：人们对他的评价很高。think highly of“高度评价”，用副词修饰动词，故填highly。 2．句意：因此，他很得意，给自己写了一副对联。根据“he became very proud and wrote a couplet (对联) for...”可知，他给自己写了一副对联，himself“他自己”符合语境，故填himself。 3．句意：一位智者看到这副对联，就想：“苏轼有必要学会谦虚。”此处是“It is+adj+for sb to do sth”句型，使用动词不定式作真正的主语，故填to learn。 4．句意：到目前为止，这本书我已经读了好几遍，但仍有一些难懂的词我不懂。根据“So far”可知，此处应使用现在完成时，故填have read。 5．句意：我问过很多人，但没有一个人能理解它们的意思。此处在动词后作宾语，用名词形式，meaning“意思”，their修饰可数名词复数。故填meanings。 6．句意：苏轼满怀信心地从老人手中接过书，但当他打开它时，他变得非常惊讶，因为里面有很多他不认识的词。此处作定语修饰“hand”，用名词所有格形式man’s，故填man’s。 7．句意：苏轼满怀信心地从老人手中接过书，但当他打开它时，他变得非常惊讶，因为里面有很多他不认识的词。根据“he became very...”可知，此处在句中作表语，修饰人，用surprised“惊讶的”，故填surprised。 8．句意：他只是想让苏轼知道谦虚的重要性。of是介词，其后用动名词作宾语，故填being。 9．句意：老人微笑着离开了。根据“The old man smiled and...”可知，是一般过去时，动词用过去式，故填left。 10．句意：从那时起，他比以前更努力了。根据“than before”可知，应使用副词比较级，故填harder。 方｜法｜提｜练 步骤1：根据提示词/语境，锁定核心形容词/副词 先结合题干提示（语法填空分两类：① 给提示词：括号内给出形容词/副词原形/变形；② 首字母提示：结合首字母），排除非形容词/副词选项（如首字母h，可初步联想happy、hard等形容词/副词，排除hat、he等名词/代词）；再根据题干语义、前后搭配（修饰对象、句子成分），锁定唯一符合语境的形容词或副词。 例：• 给提示词：He feels ______ (happy) today.（结合系动词feel，锁定形容词happy，意为“开心的”）• 首字母提示：She sings h______ every day.（首字母h，结合动词sings，锁定副词happily，意为“开心地”）• 给提示词：This book is ______ (good) than that one.（结合than，锁定形容词good，侧重“好的”，需变形） 步骤2：判断形容词/副词形式（词性转换/等级变化） 确定核心形容词/副词（或提示词）后，根据题干标志词、句子结构、修饰对象，判断需用的正确形式，这是语法填空形容词/副词类的解题关键，也是中考高频失分点（重点考查“形式变形”，而非词义辨析）。 • 词性转换规则：根据修饰对象判断，需转换为形容词或副词，对应变形 1. 形容词变副词（最高频）：修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或句子时，用副词 ① 一般情况：形容词后加ly（如quick→quickly、slow→slowly） 例：给提示词：He runs ______ (quick) every morning.（quick修饰动词runs，变副词quickly，填quickly）• 首字母提示：She speaks c______.（结合speak，首字母c，锁定clear，变副词clearly，填clearly） ② 特殊情况：以y结尾的形容词，变y为i加ly（happy→happily、busy→busily）；以le结尾的形容词，去e加ly（simple→simply、terrible→terribly）；不规则变化（good→well、late→late/lately） 例：给提示词：She sings ______ (happy) every day.（happy变副词happily，填happily）• 给提示词：He did ______ (good) in the exam.（good变副词well，填well） 2. 副词变形容词（较少考）：修饰名词、作系动词表语时，用形容词 例：给提示词：He looks ______ (sadly).（sadly修饰系动词looks，变形容词sad，填sad）• 首字母提示：The weather is f______ today.（结合系动词is，首字母f，锁定副词fine（可作形容词），填fine） • 等级变化规则：根据标志词锁定原级、比较级、最高级，对应变形 1. 原级：无标志词（无than、无范围），用形容词/副词原形（或按需求转换词性后用原级） 例：给提示词：This is a ______ (beautiful) flower.（无标志词，修饰名词flower，用形容词原形beautiful，填beautiful）• 给提示词：He runs ______ (fast).（无标志词，修饰动词runs，用副词原形fast，填fast） 2. 比较级：标志词（than、much、a little、even等），用比较级（规则变形/不规则变形） 例：给提示词：This book is ______ (interesting) than that one.（than是比较级标志，interesting的比较级填more interesting）• 给提示词：She runs ______ (fast) than her sister.（than是比较级标志，fast的比较级填faster） 3. 最高级：标志词（the、in/of+范围、one of the+形容词最高级等），用最高级（规则变形/不规则变形，前面加the） 例：给提示词：This is the ______ (good) book in our library.（the+in our library是最高级标志，good的最高级填best）• 给提示词：He runs the ______ (fast) of all.（the+of all是最高级标志，fast的最高级填fastest） 步骤3：验证逻辑+核对拼写，规避易错点 将确定的形容词/副词及正确形式填入空格，验证语义是否通顺、修饰关系是否合理（如形容词修饰名词/系动词、副词修饰动词/形容词）；同时核对拼写，重点检查：① 词性转换特殊变形（如happy→happily、true→truly、good→well）；② 比较级/最高级特殊变形（如good→better→best、many→more→most、little→less→least）；③ 等级搭配是否正确（如than对应比较级、范围词对应最高级），避免因形式、拼写错误失分。 例：• 给提示词：She sings ______ (happy) every day.（结合语境锁定happy，修饰动词sings变副词happily，填happily，验证语义“她每天开心地唱歌”通顺，拼写正确）• 给提示词：This is the ______ (good) gift I have ever got.（结合the+语境，good变最高级best，填best，验证语义通顺，拼写正确） 中考高频考点总结 1. 词性转换高频：形容词变副词（一般加ly、y变i加ly、不规则good→well），重点记特殊变形，结合修饰对象判断是否需要转换。 2. 等级变化高频：比较级（than、much修饰）、最高级（the+范围），重点记不规则变形（good→better→best、fast→fast→fast），避免等级与标志词不匹配。 3. 拼写高频：词性转换特殊拼写（如terrible→terribly、simple→simply）、比较级最高级特殊变形，避免混淆原形、比较级、最高级及形容词与副词形式。 4. 修饰搭配高频：形容词修饰名词/系动词、副词修饰动词/形容词，规避“feel happily”“run quick”类词性误用错误，结合句子成分判断词性。 $