专题03 词法进阶:动词和动词短语全解(培优讲义)(全国通用)2026年中考英语二轮复习高效培优系列

2026-02-24
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创佳质英语乐园
进店逛逛

资源信息

学段 初中
学科 英语
教材版本 -
年级 九年级
章节 -
类型 教案-讲义
知识点 动词
使用场景 中考复习-二轮专题
学年 2026-2027
地区(省份) 全国
地区(市) -
地区(区县) -
文件格式 ZIP
文件大小 1.91 MB
发布时间 2026-02-24
更新时间 2026-02-24
作者 创佳质英语乐园
品牌系列 上好课·二轮讲练测
审核时间 2026-02-24
下载链接 https://m.zxxk.com/soft/56539322.html
价格 4.00储值(1储值=1元)
来源 学科网

摘要:

该初中英语中考复习讲义聚焦动词及动词短语专题,覆盖五种基本形式、分类、情态动词、动词短语等核心考点,按“考情精析-重难考点深解-解题思维优化”架构组织,通过考点梳理(如动词形式规则)、方法指导(近义辨析策略)、真题训练(语法填空等题型),帮助学生突破时态匹配、非谓语用法等难点,体现复习系统性与针对性。 亮点在于“分类建模+语境应用”策略,如将动词短语按“动词+to do/doing”分类记忆并结合例句,培养语言能力与学习能力。设计“近义动词错题本”活动,标注易错原因强化语篇判断,提升思维品质。设典例精析与变式巩固分层练习,配合限时训练,确保高效复习,助力教师把控节奏,提升学生应考能力。

内容正文:

专题03 动词和动词短语 目 录 第一部分 考情精析 锁定靶心 高效备考 第二部分 重难考点深解 深度溯源 扫清盲区 【考点01】动词的五种基本形式 【考点02】动词的分类 【考点03】情态动词 【考点04】动词短语 第三部分 解题思维优化 典例精析+方法提炼+变式巩固 【题型01】语法选择/单项填空中的动词考查 【题型02】词语运用/首字母填空中的动词考查 【题型03】完形填空的动词考查 【题型04】语法填空的动词考查。 核心考向聚焦 动词及动词短语的词义辨析(含近义动词、同源动词短语)是考查核心,在各地中考单选、完形填空、阅读理解中频繁出现,与动词形式结合考查是重点题型;非谓语动词(to do/doing/done)、情态动词辨析及动词固定搭配(主谓一致、动宾搭配)也有涉及,其中非谓语动词易错点突出,相对比重中等,单纯考查动词词性转换的题目占比极小。 关键能力与思维瓶颈 关键能力:掌握近义动词(如borrow/lend/keep、spend/take/pay/cost)及动词短语(如look for/look after/look forward to)的语境辨析方法,能结合句意判断词义差异;熟练掌握中考必考时态、被动语态的动词变形规则,精准匹配语境时态;牢记非谓语动词的核心用法(如ask sb. to do、enjoy doing)及常见例外情况;掌握情态动词(can/may/must/should等)的语气差异与语境应用;熟记动词固定搭配,能准确判断主谓一致、动宾搭配的正确性。需通过分类记忆、语境强化突破核心考点。 培优瓶颈:主要受中文思维干扰,忽略动词的时态语境匹配、非谓语动词固定用法及动词短语的不可拆分性(如短语动词被动语态不丢介词/副词);同时,近义动词、动词短语记忆碎片化,易混淆用法(如to do与doing作宾语的差异)掌握不牢,固定搭配记忆不精准,在语篇综合题(完形、语法填空)中易失分。需强化语境判断、归类记忆及错题复盘,突破用法混淆点。 命题前瞻与备考策略 预测:2026年中考中,将持续以语篇为载体,灵活考查动词及动词短语的词义辨析,侧重真实语境下的精准运用(如完形填空中结合上下文选择合适的动词/动词短语);时态、被动语态将与动词变形、语境逻辑深度结合,减少孤立语法考查,侧重应用能力;非谓语动词仍将聚焦高频固定搭配,结合简单句、复合句考查;动词短语的辨析的考查将更贴近日常交际场景,避免偏题、怪题。 策略:备考应放弃对孤立动词、短语的死记硬背,转向“分类建模”与“语境应用”。重点训练:1. 紧扣中考真题,建立动词分类错题本(近义动词辨析、时态语态易错、非谓语动词、动词短语),标注易错原因,强化在语篇中判断用法的能力;2. 对动词短语、非谓语动词固定搭配进行分类记忆(如按“动词+to do”“动词+doing”“动词+介词”分类),结合例句理解用法,避免机械记忆;3. 专项突破高频易错点(如近义动词辨析、短语动词被动语态、非谓语动词差异),结合语法填空、书面表达进行综合训练,确保在真实语境中能准确运用动词及动词短语。 ◇考点 01 动词的五种形式 动词的五种基本形式 基本形式 变化规则 示例 动词原形 词典中一般给出的形式 do, learn, run, play 第三人称单数形式 一般在动词后直接加-s run→runs, think→thinks 以ch, sh, s, o, x结尾的动词后加-es teach→teaches, wash→washes, go→goes, pass→passes, mix→mixes 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,先将y变成i,再加-es study→studies, carry→carries 不规则变化 be→is, have→has 动词的-ing形式 一般在动词后直接加-ing read→reading, cook→cooking 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,先去掉e,再加-ing live→living, write→writing 以重读闭音节结尾的动词,且末尾只有一个辅音字母,双写该辅音字母后加-ing sit→sitting, begin→beginning 少数几个以ie结尾的动词要先变ie为y,再加-ing(初中共3个) die→dying, lie→lying, tie→tying 过去式和过去分词(规则变化) 一般在动词后直接加-ed work→worked, play→played 以字母e结尾的动词,直接加-d invite→invited, promise→promised 以重读闭音节结尾的动词,且末尾只有一个辅音字母,双写该辅音字母后加-ed stop→stopped, plan→planned 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,先将y变为i,再加-ed carry→carried, study→studied 注意:动词的过去式、过去分词的不规则变化形式详见课本后“不规则动词表” ◇难点动词的过去式和过去分词的不规则变化 典例 My father looked at me and (nod) to show that he agreed with what I said. 1.The little girl ______ to school by bus every day. A.go B.goes C.went D.will go 2.We ________ a clean-up activity in our community every weekend. A.hold B.holds C.held D.have held 3.—When I got off the bus, I found a stranger ________ on the ground. —I don’t believe your words. You always tell lies to us. A.lie B.laying C.lying D.lay 4.--Jack, I'm busy doing the washing. Can you give me a hand? ---Wait a moment. I ___________the bed. A.am making B.will make C.was making D.have made 5.After losing the game, Peter’s father came to his room and ________ him some good advice. A.gives B.gave C.will give D.has given 6.He ________ on the sofa and watched TV all evening. A.lay B.lied C.laid D.lain 7.The bell for the end of class has already ________. Let’s have a break. A.ring B.rang C.rung D.ringing 8.—How many eggs has that hen __________? —Nearly one hundred. A.lay B.laid C.lied D.lain ◇考点 02 动词的分类 考向1.实义动词 动词根据其后能否接宾语可分为及物动词和不及物动词。如下表: 类别 含义 示例 例句 及物动词 及物动词本身意义不完整,需要接宾语才能使其意思完整。 love, need,ask, want, have, play Jane usually plays the piano on Saturdays. 不及物 动词 不及物动词自身意思完整,无须接宾语。 happen, come, run, work Nobody knows what will happen next. 考向2.助动词 助动词本身没有意义,不能单独作谓语,只能和实义动词一起构成谓语,表示时态、语态、语气等。 助动词 句法功能 例句 be动词(am, is,are)/(was,were) 构成现在进行时 Jimmy is playing basketball with his friends. 构成过去进行时 Li Ming was sleeping when his father came back. 构成被动语态 Parking is not allowed here. do/does/did 构成疑问句、否定句 Do you like the book your mother bought for you? 用于倒装句 Seldom does he come late. 构成否定祈使句 Don't make any noise in the library. 代替主要动词 I don't like eating noodles, but my brother does. have/has/had 构成完成时 Tom has played soccer on the playground for a long time. will/shall/ would 构成将来时 There will be more helpful robots in the future. 考向3.系动词 系动词本身有一定的词义,但不能独立作谓语,必须和表语一起构成系表结构来说明主语的身份、性质、状态。具体分类如下: 类别 示例 例句 表示状态的系动词 be My father is a teacher. 表示持续的系动词 keep, remain, lie, stay My grandparents take exercise every morning to keep healthy. 感官系动词 look, sound, feel, smell, taste The new cloth feels smooth and soft. 表示状态变化的系动词 become, get,turn, go, grow In spring, trees begin to turn green. 易|错|提|醒 实义动词词义辨析 实义动词词义辨析主要是通过上下文考查其在语境中的辨析。 解答语境辨析类试题时,首先要确定每个动词的含义,然后分析语境,找出关键词或前后存在的逻辑关系,确定答案。因此考生在平时的学习过程中,需要重点积累并掌握实义动词的词义及用法。 ◇难点实义动词辨析 典例 (25-26九年级上·江苏无锡·期末)Just then, my English teacher, Miss Chen ________ my parents and talked about my English study. A.contacted B.confirmed C.connected D.considered 1.—How soon will we ________ Universal Studios, Mr. Wu?      —In 20 minutes. A.get B.arrive C.reach D.go 2.The new basketball ________ Dave. He bought it yesterday. A.is B.is belong C.belongs D.belongs to 3.—The cake ________ delicious. Who made it? —My mom did. A.tastes B.looks C.sounds D.feels 4.The music ________ exciting. I want to listen again. A.smells B.looks C.sounds D.tastes 5.Mo Yan is a famous writer now, but he ________ a true son of the soil (土地). A.has B.gets C.remains D.may be 6.—______ he go to school by bike every day? —Yes, he does. A.Do B.Does C.Did D.Will 7.—I’ve never seen such an amazing invention! —________. It really changes the way we learn history. A.So do I B.Neither do I C.So have I D.Neither have I 8.The chairperson warned that we ________ achieve our dreams if we didn’t work hard. A.will B.won’t C.would D.wouldn’t 9.—Mum, I’ve caught a bad cold. I’m not feeling well. —Why not take this medicine, dear? It will make you ________ better. A.feel B.felt C.feeling D.to feel 10.My computer broke down just now. I’ll get it ________ this afternoon. A.repairs B.repairing C.repaired D.to repair ◇考点 03 情态动词 易|错|提|醒 (1)由Must引导的一般疑问句,肯定回答用must或have to,否定回答用needn't或don't have to。 (2)May/Might I…?表示请求时,否定回答用mustn't或can't。 (3)由Need引导的一般疑问句,肯定回答用must或have to,否定回答用needn't。 (4)由Could引导的一般疑问句,回答用can或can't,不用could。 ◇难点表推测的情态动词 典例 (25-26九年级上·云南昆明·期末)—Look! The man at the gate ________ be our English teacher. He is always standing there every morning. —It ________ be him. I saw him having breakfast in the dining hall just now. A.must; mustn’t B.must; can’t C.can’t; can’t D.can’t; mustn’t 1.(2026九年级·江苏南京·期末)—______ I go out with my friends tonight? —Yes, you can. A.Must B.Need C.Can D.Should 2.(25-26九年级上·四川遂宁·月考)—________ you please play tennis with me? —Sorry, I ________. A.Could; can’t B.Could; couldn’t C.Can; don’t D.Could; could 3.(2026·上海宝山·一模)— Henry, where are we going to have our science project discussion? — I have no idea. Ask our monitor. He ________ know. A.may B.can C.need D.had better 4.(25-26九年级上·云南·月考)—Look! There are so many people at the gate of Kunming Daguan Park. —They ________ be waiting for the Flower Show, but I’m not sure. A.can’t B.might C.must D.couldn’t 5.(25-26九年级上·上海浦东新·期末)You _______ smoke in a public place. It’s against the rules. A.needn’t B.mustn’t C.can’t D.shouldn’t 6.(24-25九年级上·天津滨海新·期中)Hurry up. We ________ get out of the mountain before dark. It’s too dangerous here at night. A.should B.would C.may D.can 7.(25-26九年级上·云南曲靖·期末)— Must I finish my homework now? — No, you ________. You can do it tomorrow. A.mustn’t B.needn’t C.shouldn’t D.can’t 8.(25-26九年级上·甘肃酒泉·月考)My sister says she ________ at home by herself. So I have to stay with her today. A.dare not stay B.doesn’t dare stay C.dare not to stay D.doesn’t dare staying 9.(25-26八年级上·江苏南京·期末)You _________ return the book to the library by Friday, or you _________ pay a fine. A.must; have to B.can; must C.may; will D.should; might 10.(25-26九年级上·上海宝山·期中)You had better ________ too many questions at one time. A.not ask B.don't ask C.not to ask D.not asking ◇考点 04 动词短语 考向1.同一介词/副词型 for短语 ask for 请求care for关心;关怀 leave for动身去 cheer for为……加油 pay for为……付钱 prepare for为……做准备 search for搜寻;寻找 send for派人去请 stand for代表;象征 wait for等待 thanks for因……而感谢 up短语 add up加起来;合计 bring up提出;养育;培养 cheer up使振奋clean up清理;打扫 use up用完;用尽 call up打电话 dress up穿上盛装;装扮 eat up吃光 end up最终成为;最后处于 fix up修理;修补 stay up熬夜 tidy up整理;收拾 grow up成长;长大 hurry up赶快 out短语 blow out 吹灭 break out(战争、火灾等)突然发生;爆发 point out指出 bring out使显现;使变得明显carry out 执行;贯彻 find out查明;发现 down短语 break down停止运转;出故障calm down平静下来 slow down放慢速度 die down变弱;逐渐消失 fall down倒塌;跌倒 knock down拆除;撞倒;击倒 lie down躺下pull down拆掉;拆毁 look down俯视;轻视 sit down坐下 shut down关闭;停业 write down写下;记下 away 短语 blow away驱散;吹走get away离开;逃脱 pass away去世 fly away飞走 run away逃跑 throw away扔掉 about短语 argue about争论bring about引起;造成 care about关心;在意 hear about听说 hang about闲逛talk about谈论think about考虑 worry about担心 at短语 aim at瞄准;旨在 laugh at嘲笑 arrive at到达(小地方)knock at敲 point at 指向…… smile at冲……微笑 shout at对……大喊stare...at凝视;盯着看 off短语 run off流失;逃跑drop off入睡;下降 fall off减少;跌落leave off停止;中断 shut off关闭;切断pay off偿清(欠款等)ring off挂断电话send off发送;邮寄 set off动身;启程show off炫耀give off(散)发出;放出(气味、热、光等) on短语 agree on就……达成共识 call on号召;拜访 depend on依靠;依赖feed on以……为食 focus on集中于hold on别挂电话;坚持keep on继续前行pass on传递 try on试穿 work on从事于;忙于 With 短语 agree with同意begin with以……开始 compare with与……相比 connect with与……相连 catch up with追上;赶上 fall in love with爱上(某人或某物) deal with解决;处理 go with伴随 play with和……一起玩 part with放弃;交出(难舍之物) stay/keep in touch with与……保持联系 share with与……分享talk with和……交谈 in短语 break in 强行闯入;打断 bring in引入 check in报到;登记 fill in填写 result in导致;引起hand in上交take in吸收;收入believe in信任;信赖 考向2.同一动词型 come短语 come on 加油;快点儿 come out 出现;出版 come over顺便来访 come along 出现;进展 come up with 提出;想出 come back回来 come up出现;升起 come down落下;崩塌 come in进来 come across(偶然)遇见 come true(希望、梦想等)实现 cut短语 cut down削减;砍倒 cut up切碎 cut in插嘴 cut into侵犯;打断 cut out删去;停止 cut off切断;中断 Keep短语 keep on继续下去 keep out留在外面 keep away from远离 keep off使……不接近 keep up with 跟上 keep in touch with和……保持联系 look短语 look at看 look after 照顾;照料 look into调查 look out当心;留神 look up查阅;查找 look for寻找;盼望 look around环顾look over查看;检查 look through浏览 look back回顾look up to尊敬;钦佩 look forward to盼望 look out for留心;注意察看look like看起来像 put短语 put up举起;搭建;张贴 put down写下;放下 put back把……放回原处 put into注入;投入 put away放put on穿上;上演;增加put out熄灭 put off推迟 put through接通(电话) turn短语 turn over翻身;(使)翻转turn out结果是;证明是turn on打开(电灯等) turn off关闭(电灯等) turn away把……拒之门外turn up开大;调高 turn down调低,关小;拒绝turn in上交;归还 turn to求助于turn around(使)转身 get短语 get up起床get on上车(船、飞机等)get off下车(船、飞机等)get down下来 get into进入;陷入 get to到达 get back回来 go短语 go on继续 go away走开;离开;消失 go ahead 进行;前进 go along继续前进;沿着……走go by(时间)流逝go over复习;仔细检查 go off 爆炸;(警报等)响起go down下降 go up上升;增长 go out 熄灭;出去(娱乐)go through通过 go back返回 give短语 give up放弃give in屈服;让步give away捐赠;泄露give out散发;分发 give over停止;交出 give back归还;恢复 take短语 take up占用;开始从事 take down写下;记下take away带走;拿走 take over接收;接管 take out拿出;除去;扣除 take care of照顾 take place举行;发生 take pride in以……为傲take part in参加 take after(在外貌、性格等方面)与(父母等)相像 take the place of 代替 易|错|提|醒 混合型 混合辨析,即选项通常设置为“不同动词+不同介词/副词”,需要考生熟记动词短语。 ◇难点混合动词短语辨析 典例(25-26九年级上·安徽阜阳·期末)As long as all the team members ________, we will achieve success in the end. A.stick to B.pull together C.drop by D.leave out 1.(25-26九年级上·云南昭通·期末)Don’t forget to ________ the rubbish after you go for a picnic in the forest. A.take down B.take off C.take up D.take away 2.(25-26九年级上·江苏无锡·期末)My English fell behind at the beginning of this term, so I decided to ________ to do more English exercises every night. A.stay calm B.stay up C.stay silent D.stay out 3.(25-26九年级上·江苏南通·期末)—I’m thinking of joining the school volunteer club. —That’s a great idea! But remember, it might _______ some of your weekend time. A.make up B.put up C.set up D.take up 4.(25-26九年级上·江苏无锡·期末)And I usually find that listeners ________ to get bored easily at the end of the report. A.break out B.work out C.turn out D.stay out 5.(25-26九年级上·云南昆明·期末)________ trying new things helps Tina to be creative. A.Putting off B.Worrying about C.Ending up D.Sticking to 6.(25-26九年级上·江苏泰州·期末)—Do you think household skills should be taught at schools? —Certainly! By learning basic life skills, children can learn how to ________ themselves and live independently (独立地). A.take notice of B.pay attention to C.take pride in D.take care of 7.(25-26九年级上·安徽合肥·期末)—Time’s up, Eric. Stop writing and ________ your paper. —Wait a minute, please. I forgot to write down my name. A.fill out B.hand in C.go over D.take on 8.(25-26九年级上·江苏扬州·期末)A big fire ________ in the mountain area last week. Many firefighters went there to put it out. A.broke down B.broke out C.broke into D.broke up 9.(25-26九年级上·安徽合肥·期末)—Many old people always miss the traditions of ________ fireworks on Spring Festival Eve. —I couldn’t agree more. But that will cause much air pollution. A.setting out B.setting off C.putting away D.giving up 10.(25-26九年级上·江苏南通·期末)Zu Chongzhi is the first person in history to ________ that the value of π is between 3.1415926 and 3.1415927. A.turn out B.hand out C.work out D.carry out ◇题型 01 单项填空中的动词考查 典|例|精|析 典例1(2025·江苏无锡·中考真题)And I ________ you should try the colour therapy. Colours have amazing power. A.support B.suggest C.imagine D.introduce 方|法|提|炼 1.抓核心词义差异,规避词义混淆陷阱:动词和动词短语的选择题,核心考查语境下的词义匹配,首先区分选项间的核心语义差异(如近义动词borrow/lend/keep,分别表“借入”“借出”“保留”;动词短语look for/look after/look up,分别表“寻找”“照顾”“查阅”)。若选项词义与题干语境完全不符(如题干表“照顾”,选项出现look for),直接排除;对于语义相近的选项,重点记忆其用法差异(如borrow接from,lend接to),结合题干搭配进一步筛选。 2.匹配时态/语态特征,避免形式错误:题干中通常隐含时态、语态标志(如时间状语yesterday对应一般过去时,already对应现在完成时,by sb对应被动语态),解题时先根据标志词确定动词所需的时态、语态形式(如情态动词后需用动词原形,被动语态需用be+done)。若选项动词形式与题干时态/语态要求不符(如题干为一般过去时,选项出现原形或现在分词),直接排除;特殊情况(如不规则动词过去式/过去分词)需单独记忆,避免因形式记错误选。 3.紧扣固定搭配与语境逻辑,验证选项合理性:若剩余选项难以区分,优先结合动词/动词短语的固定搭配判断(如enjoy后接doing,ask sb后接to do,look forward to后接doing),不符合固定搭配的选项直接排除;若搭配均符合要求,再结合题干语义逻辑验证(如题干表“花费时间做某事”,主语为人时选spend,主语为物/it时选take),确保选项既符合搭配,又贴合上下文语境,避免“语法正确但语义不通”的错误。 变|式|巩|固 变式1 (2025·江苏镇江·中考真题)It is a rule that passengers ________ smoke in the high-speed railway. A.wouldn’t B.needn’t C.mustn’t D.couldn’t 变式2 (2025·江苏南通·中考真题)—Millie, can you ________ the cranes for us? —OK. They are tall and have long legs and a long neck. A.count B.describe C.raise D.protect ◇题型 02 词语运用/首字母填空中的动词考查 典|例|精|析 典例2(24-25九年级上·山东泰安·期末)Everyone should play a part in r things like books and paper to protect the environment. 方|法|提|练 步骤1:根据首字母+语境,锁定核心动词 先结合题干首字母提示,排除非动词选项(如首字母g,可初步联想get、go、give等动词,排除good、girl等名词/形容词);再根据题干语义、前后搭配,锁定唯一符合语境的动词。 例:• He often g______ up at 6:30 a.m.(首字母g,结合“up”,锁定动词get,意为“起床”)• My mother often c______ dinner for us.(首字母c,结合“dinner”,锁定动词cook,意为“做饭”) 步骤2:判断动词形式(时态/语态/非谓语) 确定核心动词后,根据题干标志词、句子结构,判断动词需用的正确形式,这是解题关键,也是中考高频失分点。 • 时态判断规则:根据时间标志词锁定时态,对应动词变形 1. 一般现在时:标志词(often、usually、every day等),主语是三单时,动词变三单(加s/es);主语非三单,用动词原形 例:He often g______ up early.(often是一般现在时标志,主语He是三单,填gets)• They often p______ football after school.(主语They非三单,填play) 2. 一般过去时:标志词(yesterday、last week、just now等),动词用过去式(规则+不规则) 例:She f______ her homework yesterday evening.(yesterday evening是过去时标志,fill的过去式填filled) 3. 现在完成时:标志词(already、yet、since、for+时间段等),动词用has/have+过去分词 例:I have f______ my homework already.(already是现在完成时标志,填finished) • 语态判断规则:主语是动作承受者时,用被动语态(be+过去分词) 例:The letter was s______ yesterday.(主语The letter是“被寄出”,被动语态,填sent) • 非谓语判断规则:动词前有情态动词(can、must等)用原形;有介词、enjoy/finish等词后用doing;有ask/tell等词后用to do 例:1. You must f______ your homework first.(must后用原形,填finish)2. He enjoys p______ football.(enjoy后用doing,填playing)3. My teacher asks me to r______ the text.(ask sb to do,填read) 步骤3:验证逻辑+核对拼写,规避易错点 将确定的动词及正确形式填入题干,验证语义是否通顺、搭配是否合理(如动词与介词、宾语的搭配);同时核对拼写,重点检查不规则动词变形(如write→wrote→written、go→went→gone)、三单变化(如do→does、carry→carries),避免因拼写错误失分。 例:• He g______ to school yesterday.(结合语境锁定go,yesterday用过去式,填went,验证语义“他昨天去上学了”通顺,拼写正确) 中考高频考点总结 1. 时态高频:一般现在时三单(动词加s/es)、一般过去时(不规则过去式)、现在完成时(has/have+过去分词),重点记时间标志词与动词变形的对应关系。 2. 非谓语高频:情态动词后用动词原形、enjoy/finish/practice后用doing、ask/tell/want后用to do,固定搭配需熟记。 3. 拼写高频:不规则动词变形(如get→gets→got→gotten、see→sees→saw→seen),避免混淆原形、过去式、过去分词。 4. 语态高频:简单被动语态(一般现在时/过去时be+done),结合主语是否为动作承受者判断。 变|式|巩|固 变式1 (24-25九年级上·四川达州·期末)He s his mouth, and refused to say anything more. 变式2 (25-26九年级上·吉林松原·期末)Could you r what you said just now? I didn’t hear you clearly. ◇题型 03 完形填空的动词考查 典|例|精|析 典例3(2025·江苏淮安·中考真题)请认真阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。 For a long time, I was sure Dad didn’t love me. Mum always wore a warm smile, but Dad always seemed 1 . He was busy with his work every day. When at home, he just read newspapers, 2 talking to me. Lots of unhappy memories about Dad stayed in my mind. There was one thing I remembered very 3 . It was my first school science show. I was so 4 to join! I spent several weeks making a model ship. The night 5 the show, when I was adding the last details, one part of the ship broke by accident. I ran to Dad with tears in my eyes. “Dad, please help me! 6 it, please!” I cried. He just took a look and said, “You should be more 7 . Fix it yourself.” Then he went back to his newspaper. After being refused, I couldn’t express how 8 I felt inside. I thought he didn’t care about my feelings at all. I had to spend the whole 9 fixing the model alone. The next day at the show, my model wasn’t perfect and I didn’t 10 a prize. For years, I was angry with Dad. 11 when I grew up, I still remembered that heartbroken moment. I didn’t understand Dad until a similar experience happened to my son. Several years ago, while my son was making a model plane, he broke one of the wings. And I decided to fix it for 12 . Suddenly, Dad’s words came into my mind: “Fix it yourself.” At that moment, I started to understand. Dad just wanted me to 13 some basic skills which would be useful in the future. I gave the model plane back to my son and smiled, “Have a 14 ! You can fix it by yourself.” Dad didn’t say nice words to me, but he had his own way to teach me a lesson—I should 15 myself. It was one of the most important qualities that made me a better person. 1.A.lazy B.cold C.happy D.friendly 2.A.always B.usually C.often D.seldom 3.A.widely B.clearly C.quickly D.closely 4.A.excited B.calm C.angry D.strange 5.A.to B.till C.before D.after 6.A.Fix B.Sell C.Clean D.Find 7.A.helpful B.honest C.careful D.polite 8.A.endless B.helpless C.careless D.meaningless 9.A.night B.day C.week D.month 10.A.buy B.win C.make D.need 11.A.Just B.Once C.Only D.Even 12.A.you B.her C.him D.them 13.A.share B.change C.develop D.introduce 14.A.try B.rest C.visit D.taste 15.A.take on B.turn on C.carry on D.depend on ◇题型 04 语法填空中的动词考查 典|例|精|析 典例4(2025·四川遂宁·中考真题)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。 The Yellow River runs from the mountains 1 the sea. It gave birth to one of 2 oldest and most famous cultures in the world—the Yellow River culture. In the hearts of 3 (China) people, the Yellow River is the mother river. It is expected to play a more important role in our country’s 4 (develop). The river got its name Huanghe in Chinese 5 its water is yellow, as it took lots of yellow sand to the water when it ran through the Loess Plateau (黄土高原). The river starts from Qinghai Province in northwestern China. It runs through a lot of places before 6 (run) into the Bohai sea. The 5,464-kilometre-long river 7 (feed) about 12% of China’s population and provides water for about 15% of fields and more than 60 8 (city). So far, our country 9 (make) great efforts in the environmental protection of river. Each year over 400 million tons of sand is prevented from being washed into it. Our mother river has become much 10 (clear) than before. 6 / 6 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $ 专题03 动词和动词短语 目 录 第一部分 考情精析 锁定靶心 高效备考 第二部分 重难考点深解 深度溯源 扫清盲区 【考点01】动词的五种基本形式 【考点02】动词的分类 【考点03】情态动词 【考点04】动词短语 第三部分 解题思维优化 典例精析+方法提炼+变式巩固 【题型01】语法选择/单项填空中的动词考查 【题型02】词语运用/首字母填空中的动词考查 【题型03】完形填空的动词考查 【题型04】语法填空的动词考查。 核心考向聚焦 动词及动词短语的词义辨析(含近义动词、同源动词短语)是考查核心,在各地中考单选、完形填空、阅读理解中频繁出现,与动词形式结合考查是重点题型;非谓语动词(to do/doing/done)、情态动词辨析及动词固定搭配(主谓一致、动宾搭配)也有涉及,其中非谓语动词易错点突出,相对比重中等,单纯考查动词词性转换的题目占比极小。 关键能力与思维瓶颈 关键能力:掌握近义动词(如borrow/lend/keep、spend/take/pay/cost)及动词短语(如look for/look after/look forward to)的语境辨析方法,能结合句意判断词义差异;熟练掌握中考必考时态、被动语态的动词变形规则,精准匹配语境时态;牢记非谓语动词的核心用法(如ask sb. to do、enjoy doing)及常见例外情况;掌握情态动词(can/may/must/should等)的语气差异与语境应用;熟记动词固定搭配,能准确判断主谓一致、动宾搭配的正确性。需通过分类记忆、语境强化突破核心考点。 培优瓶颈:主要受中文思维干扰,忽略动词的时态语境匹配、非谓语动词固定用法及动词短语的不可拆分性(如短语动词被动语态不丢介词/副词);同时,近义动词、动词短语记忆碎片化,易混淆用法(如to do与doing作宾语的差异)掌握不牢,固定搭配记忆不精准,在语篇综合题(完形、语法填空)中易失分。需强化语境判断、归类记忆及错题复盘,突破用法混淆点。 命题前瞻与备考策略 预测:2026年中考中,将持续以语篇为载体,灵活考查动词及动词短语的词义辨析,侧重真实语境下的精准运用(如完形填空中结合上下文选择合适的动词/动词短语);时态、被动语态将与动词变形、语境逻辑深度结合,减少孤立语法考查,侧重应用能力;非谓语动词仍将聚焦高频固定搭配,结合简单句、复合句考查;动词短语的辨析的考查将更贴近日常交际场景,避免偏题、怪题。 策略:备考应放弃对孤立动词、短语的死记硬背,转向“分类建模”与“语境应用”。重点训练:1. 紧扣中考真题,建立动词分类错题本(近义动词辨析、时态语态易错、非谓语动词、动词短语),标注易错原因,强化在语篇中判断用法的能力;2. 对动词短语、非谓语动词固定搭配进行分类记忆(如按“动词+to do”“动词+doing”“动词+介词”分类),结合例句理解用法,避免机械记忆;3. 专项突破高频易错点(如近义动词辨析、短语动词被动语态、非谓语动词差异),结合语法填空、书面表达进行综合训练,确保在真实语境中能准确运用动词及动词短语。 ◇考点 01 动词的五种形式 动词的五种基本形式 基本形式 变化规则 示例 动词原形 词典中一般给出的形式 do, learn, run, play 第三人称单数形式 一般在动词后直接加-s run→runs, think→thinks 以ch, sh, s, o, x结尾的动词后加-es teach→teaches, wash→washes, go→goes, pass→passes, mix→mixes 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,先将y变成i,再加-es study→studies, carry→carries 不规则变化 be→is, have→has 动词的-ing形式 一般在动词后直接加-ing read→reading, cook→cooking 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,先去掉e,再加-ing live→living, write→writing 以重读闭音节结尾的动词,且末尾只有一个辅音字母,双写该辅音字母后加-ing sit→sitting, begin→beginning 少数几个以ie结尾的动词要先变ie为y,再加-ing(初中共3个) die→dying, lie→lying, tie→tying 过去式和过去分词(规则变化) 一般在动词后直接加-ed work→worked, play→played 以字母e结尾的动词,直接加-d invite→invited, promise→promised 以重读闭音节结尾的动词,且末尾只有一个辅音字母,双写该辅音字母后加-ed stop→stopped, plan→planned 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,先将y变为i,再加-ed carry→carried, study→studied 注意:动词的过去式、过去分词的不规则变化形式详见课本后“不规则动词表” ◇难点动词的过去式和过去分词的不规则变化 典例 My father looked at me and (nod) to show that he agreed with what I said. 【答案】nodded 【详解】句意:父亲看着我,点点头,表示同意我说的话。根据空格前“My father looked at me”可知,该句时态为一般过去时,结合所给词,此处应填入动词nod的过去式nodded,作谓语。故填nodded。 1.The little girl ______ to school by bus every day. A.go B.goes C.went D.will go 【答案】B 【详解】句意:这个小女孩每天乘公共汽车去上学。 考查主谓一致和动词时态。根据时间状语“every day”可知,句子描述的是日常习惯,应使用一般现在时。主语“The little girl”是第三人称单数,谓语动词需用第三人称单数形式。故选B。 2.We ________ a clean-up activity in our community every weekend. A.hold B.holds C.held D.have held 【答案】A 【详解】句意:我们每个周末都在我们的社区举行一次清洁活动。 考查一般现在时。hold举行,动词原形;holds举行,第三人称单数;held举行,一般过去时;have held已经举行,现在完成时。根据时间状语“every weekend”,可知是经常性、习惯性的动作,应用一般现在时。主语“We”是第一人称复数,谓语动词应用原形“hold”。故选A。 3.—When I got off the bus, I found a stranger ________ on the ground. —I don’t believe your words. You always tell lies to us. A.lie B.laying C.lying D.lay 【答案】C 【详解】句意:——当我下公交车的时候,我发现一个陌生人躺在地上。——我不相信你说的话。你总是对我们说谎。 考查非谓语动词。根据“I found a stranger…on the ground”可知,此处指发现一个陌生人正躺在地上,此处应用现在分词作宾语补足语,lie作动词,意思是平躺,现在分词形式为lying。故选C。 4.--Jack, I'm busy doing the washing. Can you give me a hand? ---Wait a moment. I ___________the bed. A.am making B.will make C.was making D.have made 【答案】A 【详解】句意:——杰克,我正忙着洗衣服。你能帮我一下吗?——等一下。我正在铺床。 考查动词时态,am making现在进行时;will make一般将来时;was making过去进行时;have made现在完成时。这是一个情境对话,表示的是现在正在做的事情,应该用现在进行时(am/is/are+v.ing),故选A。 5.After losing the game, Peter’s father came to his room and ________ him some good advice. A.gives B.gave C.will give D.has given 【答案】B 【详解】句意:输掉比赛后,彼得的父亲来到他的房间,给了他一些好建议。 考查动词时态。根据“After losing the game”和“came to his room and”可知,动作发生在过去,且“came”为过去式,因此这里应该用过去式“gave”与“came”并列。故选B。 6.He ________ on the sofa and watched TV all evening. A.lay B.lied C.laid D.lain 【答案】A 【详解】句意:他整个晚上都躺在沙发上看电视。 考查动词辨析和时态。lie躺,其过去式为lay,过去分词为lain;lie说谎,其过去式为lied,过去分词为lied;lay放置,其过去式为laid,过去分词为laid。根据“on the sofa”可知是躺在沙发上,根据“watched TV”可知,此处使用动词lie的过去式lay。故选A。 7.The bell for the end of class has already ________. Let’s have a break. A.ring B.rang C.rung D.ringing 【答案】C 【详解】句意:下课铃已经响了。我们休息一下吧。 考查现在完成时。ring响,动词原形;rang响,动词过去式;rung响,过去分词;ringing响,现在分词。现在完成时的结构是“have/has+过去分词”。故选C。 8.—How many eggs has that hen __________? —Nearly one hundred. A.lay B.laid C.lied D.lain 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——那只母鸡已经下了多少个鸡蛋?——接近100个。 考查动词辨析。lay下蛋,产卵的动词原形/躺的过去式;laid下蛋,产卵的过去式和过去分词;lied说谎的过去式或过去分词;lain躺的过去分词。根据“has”可知用完成时态“has/have done sth”,动词应该用过去分词形式done,且此处表示“下蛋”,laid是lay的过去分词形式。故选B。 ◇考点 02 动词的分类 考向1.实义动词 动词根据其后能否接宾语可分为及物动词和不及物动词。如下表: 类别 含义 示例 例句 及物动词 及物动词本身意义不完整,需要接宾语才能使其意思完整。 love, need,ask, want, have, play Jane usually plays the piano on Saturdays. 不及物 动词 不及物动词自身意思完整,无须接宾语。 happen, come, run, work Nobody knows what will happen next. 考向2.助动词 助动词本身没有意义,不能单独作谓语,只能和实义动词一起构成谓语,表示时态、语态、语气等。 助动词 句法功能 例句 be动词(am, is,are)/(was,were) 构成现在进行时 Jimmy is playing basketball with his friends. 构成过去进行时 Li Ming was sleeping when his father came back. 构成被动语态 Parking is not allowed here. do/does/did 构成疑问句、否定句 Do you like the book your mother bought for you? 用于倒装句 Seldom does he come late. 构成否定祈使句 Don't make any noise in the library. 代替主要动词 I don't like eating noodles, but my brother does. have/has/had 构成完成时 Tom has played soccer on the playground for a long time. will/shall/ would 构成将来时 There will be more helpful robots in the future. 考向3.系动词 系动词本身有一定的词义,但不能独立作谓语,必须和表语一起构成系表结构来说明主语的身份、性质、状态。具体分类如下: 类别 示例 例句 表示状态的系动词 be My father is a teacher. 表示持续的系动词 keep, remain, lie, stay My grandparents take exercise every morning to keep healthy. 感官系动词 look, sound, feel, smell, taste The new cloth feels smooth and soft. 表示状态变化的系动词 become, get,turn, go, grow In spring, trees begin to turn green. 易|错|提|醒 实义动词词义辨析 实义动词词义辨析主要是通过上下文考查其在语境中的辨析。 解答语境辨析类试题时,首先要确定每个动词的含义,然后分析语境,找出关键词或前后存在的逻辑关系,确定答案。因此考生在平时的学习过程中,需要重点积累并掌握实义动词的词义及用法。 ◇难点实义动词辨析 典例 (25-26九年级上·江苏无锡·期末)Just then, my English teacher, Miss Chen ________ my parents and talked about my English study. A.contacted B.confirmed C.connected D.considered 【答案】A 【详解】句意:就在那时,我的英语老师陈老师联系了我的父母,并谈论了我的英语学习。 考查动词辨析。contacted联系;confirmed确认;connected连接;considered考虑。根据“talked about my English study”可知,老师与父母谈论学习,应是先“联系”父母。故选A。 1.—How soon will we ________ Universal Studios, Mr. Wu?      —In 20 minutes. A.get B.arrive C.reach D.go 【答案】C 【详解】句意:——吴先生,我们多久能到环球影城?——20分钟后。 考查动词辨析。get得到;arrive到达;reach到达;go去。根据“Universal Studios”是地点名词,在句中作宾语可知,此处应用reach,其他项为不及物动词,不能直接接宾语。故选C。 2.The new basketball ________ Dave. He bought it yesterday. A.is B.is belong C.belongs D.belongs to 【答案】D 【详解】句意:新篮球是戴夫的。他昨天买的。 考查动词辨析。is是;is belong用法错误;belongs属于;belongs to属于。belong不能直接接宾语,必须与介词搭配。故选D。 3.—The cake ________ delicious. Who made it? —My mom did. A.tastes B.looks C.sounds D.feels 【答案】A 【详解】句意:——这个蛋糕尝起来很美味。谁做的?——我妈妈做的。 考查动词辨析。tastes尝起来;looks看起来;sounds听起来;feels摸起来。根据“The cake...delicious.”可知,此处在描述蛋糕的“美味”,应表示“尝起来美味”。故选A。 4.The music ________ exciting. I want to listen again. A.smells B.looks C.sounds D.tastes 【答案】C 【详解】句意:这首音乐听起来很激动人心。我想再听一遍。 考查动词辨析。smells闻起来;looks看起来;sounds听起来;tastes尝起来。根据“The music”和“exciting”可知,音乐应是通过听觉感知的,因此用“sounds”表示“听起来”。故选C。 5.Mo Yan is a famous writer now, but he ________ a true son of the soil (土地). A.has B.gets C.remains D.may be 【答案】C 【详解】句意:莫言现在是一位著名作家,但他仍然是地地道道的农民。 考查动词辨析。has有;gets得到;remains依然是、保持;may be可能是。根据“but”表转折的逻辑,前半句说莫言是著名作家,后半句应表达他“依然是”地地道道的农民,remains符合语境。故选C。 6.—______ he go to school by bike every day? —Yes, he does. A.Do B.Does C.Did D.Will 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——他每天骑自行车上学吗?——是的,他骑车。 考查一般疑问句。题干中“he”为第三人称单数,“every day”表示经常性动作,需用一般现在时,疑问句需用助动词Does。故选B。 7.—I’ve never seen such an amazing invention! —________. It really changes the way we learn history. A.So do I B.Neither do I C.So have I D.Neither have I 【答案】D 【详解】句意:——我从没见过这么神奇的发明!——我也没见过。它真的改变了我们学习历史的方式。 考查倒装句用法。“So+助动词+主语”表示“某人也如此(用于肯定句)”;“Neither+助动词+主语”表示“某人也不(用于否定句)”。原句“I’ve never seen...”是现在完成时的否定句,助动词用have,因此用“Neither have I”,故选D。 8.The chairperson warned that we ________ achieve our dreams if we didn’t work hard. A.will B.won’t C.would D.wouldn’t 【答案】D 【详解】句意:主席警告说,如果我们不努力工作,我们就不会实现梦想。 考查时态。根据句子可知,“we...achieve our dreams”是一个宾语从句,“if we didn’t work hard”是由if引导的条件句,表示假设。主句的动词是过去式warned,因此宾语从句的时态需与主句保持一致,使用过去时,排除A、B;另外,“不努力”会导致“无法实现梦想”,因此结果部分需用否定形式,排除C。故选D。 9.—Mum, I’ve caught a bad cold. I’m not feeling well. —Why not take this medicine, dear? It will make you ________ better. A.feel B.felt C.feeling D.to feel 【答案】A 【详解】句意:——妈妈,我得了重感冒,感觉不舒服。——亲爱的,为什么不吃这个药呢?它会让你感觉好一些。 考查使役动词make的用法。feel感觉(动词原形);felt感觉(过去式/过去分词);feeling感觉(现在分词);to feel感觉(动词不定式)。使役动词make后接省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语,即“make sb. do sth.”结构,表示“使某人做某事”。因此,此处应填动词原形feel。故选A。 10.My computer broke down just now. I’ll get it ________ this afternoon. A.repairs B.repairing C.repaired D.to repair 【答案】C 【详解】句意:我的电脑刚才坏了。今天下午我要把它修好。 考查非谓语动词。使役动词“get”表示“使,让”,代词“it”指代前文中的“computer电脑”,作宾语,它与宾补“repair修理”构成被动关系,get sth. done表示“让某事物被做”,因此repair用过去分词形式repaired。故选C。 ◇考点 03 情态动词 易|错|提|醒 (1)由Must引导的一般疑问句,肯定回答用must或have to,否定回答用needn't或don't have to。 (2)May/Might I…?表示请求时,否定回答用mustn't或can't。 (3)由Need引导的一般疑问句,肯定回答用must或have to,否定回答用needn't。 (4)由Could引导的一般疑问句,回答用can或can't,不用could。 ◇难点表推测的情态动词 典例 (25-26九年级上·云南昆明·期末)—Look! The man at the gate ________ be our English teacher. He is always standing there every morning. —It ________ be him. I saw him having breakfast in the dining hall just now. A.must; mustn’t B.must; can’t C.can’t; can’t D.can’t; mustn’t 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——看!门口的那个人一定是我们的英语老师。他每天早上总是站在那里。——不可能是他。我刚才看见他在餐厅吃早餐。 考查情态动词辨析。must一定,表示肯定推测;mustn’t禁止,不表示推测;can’t不可能,表示否定推测。第一个空,根据“He is always standing there every morning.”可知,此处表示肯定推测,所以用must;第二个空,根据“I saw him having breakfast in the dining hall just now.”可知,此处表示否定推测,所以用can’t。故选B。 1.(2026九年级·江苏南京·期末)—______ I go out with my friends tonight? —Yes, you can. A.Must B.Need C.Can D.Should 【答案】C 【详解】句意:——今晚我可以和我的朋友们出去吗?——是的,你可以。 考查情态动词。Must必须;Need需要;Can可以;Should应该。根据“Yes, you can.”可知,问句是在请求许可,应用“Can”提问。故选C。 2.(25-26九年级上·四川遂宁·月考)—________ you please play tennis with me? —Sorry, I ________. A.Could; can’t B.Could; couldn’t C.Can; don’t D.Could; could 【答案】A 【详解】句意:——你能和我一起打网球吗?——对不起,我不能。 考查情态动词。could能够;can能够。第一空根据“you please play tennis with me?”可知,表示委婉请求,用could更好;根据“Sorry”可知,表示的是否定的意思,could用于疑问句表示委婉语气,在肯定或否定回答时用can、can’t。故选A。 3.(2026·上海宝山·一模)— Henry, where are we going to have our science project discussion? — I have no idea. Ask our monitor. He ________ know. A.may B.can C.need D.had better 【答案】A 【详解】句意:——亨利,我们要去哪里进行科学项目讨论?——我不知道。问问班长。他可能知道。 考查情态动词辨析。may可能;can能;need需要;had better最好。根据“I have no idea.”可知,说话者不确定,所以推测班长“可能”知道,表示可能性用may。故选A。 4.(25-26九年级上·云南·月考)—Look! There are so many people at the gate of Kunming Daguan Park. —They ________ be waiting for the Flower Show, but I’m not sure. A.can’t B.might C.must D.couldn’t 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——看!昆明大观公园门口有这么多人。——他们可能是在等待花展,但我不确定。 考查情态动词。can’t不可能;might可能;must一定;couldn’t不可能。根据答语中“but I’m not sure(但我不确定)”可知,说话者语气不确定,表示可能性较小的推测,应使用might。故选B。 5.(25-26九年级上·上海浦东新·期末)You _______ smoke in a public place. It’s against the rules. A.needn’t B.mustn’t C.can’t D.shouldn’t 【答案】B 【详解】句意:你不准在公共场所吸烟,这是违反规定的。 考查情态动词辨析。needn’t不必;mustn’t禁止;can’t不能;shouldn’t不应该。根据“It’s against the rules(这是违反规定的)”可知,在公共场所吸烟是被明确禁止的行为,因此用mustn’t。故选B。 6.(24-25九年级上·天津滨海新·期中)Hurry up. We ________ get out of the mountain before dark. It’s too dangerous here at night. A.should B.would C.may D.can 【答案】A 【详解】句意:快点。我们应该在天黑前离开这座山。晚上这里太危险了。 考查情态动词辨析。should应该;would将会;may可能;can能够。根据“It’s too dangerous here at night.”可知,此处是基于危险情况给出的建议,强调“应该”做某事,故选A。 7.(25-26九年级上·云南曲靖·期末)— Must I finish my homework now? — No, you ________. You can do it tomorrow. A.mustn’t B.needn’t C.shouldn’t D.can’t 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——我必须现在完成作业吗?——不,你不必。你可以明天做。 考查情态动词辨析。mustn’t 禁止;needn’t 不必;shouldn’t 不应该;can’t 不能。问句用“Must I…?”询问是否必须做某事,否定回答用“No, you needn’t.”表示“不必”。故选B。 8.(25-26九年级上·甘肃酒泉·月考)My sister says she ________ at home by herself. So I have to stay with her today. A.dare not stay B.doesn’t dare stay C.dare not to stay D.doesn’t dare staying 【答案】A 【详解】句意:我妹妹说她不敢一个人待在家里。所以我今天得陪着她。 考查dare的用法。doesn’t dare stay错误表达,dare作为实义动词时,接不定式;dare not to stay错误表达,dare作为情态动词时,后接动词原形;doesn’t dare staying错误表达,dare作为实义动词时,接不定式。该句考查dare not do sth“不敢做某事”,是固定短语。故选A。 9.(25-26八年级上·江苏南京·期末)You _________ return the book to the library by Friday, or you _________ pay a fine. A.must; have to B.can; must C.may; will D.should; might 【答案】A 【详解】句意:你必须在星期五之前把书归还给图书馆,否则你将不得不支付罚款。 考查情态动词辨析。must必须,强调主观上的必要性;have to不得不,强调客观上的必要性;can能,可以;may可以,可能;will将会;should应该;might可能。根据“return the book to the library by Friday”可知,这里表示图书馆的规定:周五前还书是“必须”(主观必要性)履行的义务,否则后果是“必须”(客观结果)支付罚款。故选A。 10.(25-26九年级上·上海宝山·期中)You had better ________ too many questions at one time. A.not ask B.don't ask C.not to ask D.not asking 【答案】A 【详解】句意:你最好不要一次问太多问题。 考查had better的用法。had better意为“最好”,后接动词原形,其否定形式为“had better not do sth.”,即在动词原形前加not。故选A。 ◇考点 04 动词短语 考向1.同一介词/副词型 for短语 ask for 请求care for关心;关怀 leave for动身去 cheer for为……加油 pay for为……付钱 prepare for为……做准备 search for搜寻;寻找 send for派人去请 stand for代表;象征 wait for等待 thanks for因……而感谢 up短语 add up加起来;合计 bring up提出;养育;培养 cheer up使振奋clean up清理;打扫 use up用完;用尽 call up打电话 dress up穿上盛装;装扮 eat up吃光 end up最终成为;最后处于 fix up修理;修补 stay up熬夜 tidy up整理;收拾 grow up成长;长大 hurry up赶快 out短语 blow out 吹灭 break out(战争、火灾等)突然发生;爆发 point out指出 bring out使显现;使变得明显carry out 执行;贯彻 find out查明;发现 down短语 break down停止运转;出故障calm down平静下来 slow down放慢速度 die down变弱;逐渐消失 fall down倒塌;跌倒 knock down拆除;撞倒;击倒 lie down躺下pull down拆掉;拆毁 look down俯视;轻视 sit down坐下 shut down关闭;停业 write down写下;记下 away 短语 blow away驱散;吹走get away离开;逃脱 pass away去世 fly away飞走 run away逃跑 throw away扔掉 about短语 argue about争论bring about引起;造成 care about关心;在意 hear about听说 hang about闲逛talk about谈论think about考虑 worry about担心 at短语 aim at瞄准;旨在 laugh at嘲笑 arrive at到达(小地方)knock at敲 point at 指向…… smile at冲……微笑 shout at对……大喊stare...at凝视;盯着看 off短语 run off流失;逃跑drop off入睡;下降 fall off减少;跌落leave off停止;中断 shut off关闭;切断pay off偿清(欠款等)ring off挂断电话send off发送;邮寄 set off动身;启程show off炫耀give off(散)发出;放出(气味、热、光等) on短语 agree on就……达成共识 call on号召;拜访 depend on依靠;依赖feed on以……为食 focus on集中于hold on别挂电话;坚持keep on继续前行pass on传递 try on试穿 work on从事于;忙于 With 短语 agree with同意begin with以……开始 compare with与……相比 connect with与……相连 catch up with追上;赶上 fall in love with爱上(某人或某物) deal with解决;处理 go with伴随 play with和……一起玩 part with放弃;交出(难舍之物) stay/keep in touch with与……保持联系 share with与……分享talk with和……交谈 in短语 break in 强行闯入;打断 bring in引入 check in报到;登记 fill in填写 result in导致;引起hand in上交take in吸收;收入believe in信任;信赖 考向2.同一动词型 come短语 come on 加油;快点儿 come out 出现;出版 come over顺便来访 come along 出现;进展 come up with 提出;想出 come back回来 come up出现;升起 come down落下;崩塌 come in进来 come across(偶然)遇见 come true(希望、梦想等)实现 cut短语 cut down削减;砍倒 cut up切碎 cut in插嘴 cut into侵犯;打断 cut out删去;停止 cut off切断;中断 Keep短语 keep on继续下去 keep out留在外面 keep away from远离 keep off使……不接近 keep up with 跟上 keep in touch with和……保持联系 look短语 look at看 look after 照顾;照料 look into调查 look out当心;留神 look up查阅;查找 look for寻找;盼望 look around环顾look over查看;检查 look through浏览 look back回顾look up to尊敬;钦佩 look forward to盼望 look out for留心;注意察看look like看起来像 put短语 put up举起;搭建;张贴 put down写下;放下 put back把……放回原处 put into注入;投入 put away放put on穿上;上演;增加put out熄灭 put off推迟 put through接通(电话) turn短语 turn over翻身;(使)翻转turn out结果是;证明是turn on打开(电灯等) turn off关闭(电灯等) turn away把……拒之门外turn up开大;调高 turn down调低,关小;拒绝turn in上交;归还 turn to求助于turn around(使)转身 get短语 get up起床get on上车(船、飞机等)get off下车(船、飞机等)get down下来 get into进入;陷入 get to到达 get back回来 go短语 go on继续 go away走开;离开;消失 go ahead 进行;前进 go along继续前进;沿着……走go by(时间)流逝go over复习;仔细检查 go off 爆炸;(警报等)响起go down下降 go up上升;增长 go out 熄灭;出去(娱乐)go through通过 go back返回 give短语 give up放弃give in屈服;让步give away捐赠;泄露give out散发;分发 give over停止;交出 give back归还;恢复 take短语 take up占用;开始从事 take down写下;记下take away带走;拿走 take over接收;接管 take out拿出;除去;扣除 take care of照顾 take place举行;发生 take pride in以……为傲take part in参加 take after(在外貌、性格等方面)与(父母等)相像 take the place of 代替 易|错|提|醒 混合型 混合辨析,即选项通常设置为“不同动词+不同介词/副词”,需要考生熟记动词短语。 ◇难点混合动词短语辨析 典例(25-26九年级上·安徽阜阳·期末)As long as all the team members ________, we will achieve success in the end. A.stick to B.pull together C.drop by D.leave out 【答案】B 【详解】句意:只要所有团队成员齐心协力,我们最终会取得成功。 考查动词短语。stick to坚持;pull together齐心协力;drop by顺便拜访;leave out省略。根据“we will achieve success in the end”可知,成功的前提是团队成员“齐心协力”,pull together符合语境。故选B。 1.(25-26九年级上·云南昭通·期末)Don’t forget to ________ the rubbish after you go for a picnic in the forest. A.take down B.take off C.take up D.take away 【答案】D 【详解】句意:在森林里野餐后,别忘了把垃圾带走。 考查动词短语辨析。take down记下;take off脱下,起飞;take up占据,开始从事;take away带走。根据“the rubbish after you go for a picnic”可知,野餐后应把垃圾“带走”,避免污染环境。故选D。 2.(25-26九年级上·江苏无锡·期末)My English fell behind at the beginning of this term, so I decided to ________ to do more English exercises every night. A.stay calm B.stay up C.stay silent D.stay out 【答案】B 【详解】句意:这学期初我的英语成绩落后了,所以我决定每晚熬夜做更多的英语练习。 考查动词短语。stay calm保持冷静;stay up熬夜;stay silent保持沉默;stay out待在外面。根据“to do more English exercises every night”可知,为了做更多练习,需要“熬夜”。故选B。 3.(25-26九年级上·江苏南通·期末)—I’m thinking of joining the school volunteer club. —That’s a great idea! But remember, it might _______ some of your weekend time. A.make up B.put up C.set up D.take up 【答案】D 【详解】句意:——我在考虑加入学校志愿者俱乐部。——好主意!但要记住,它可能会占用你的一些周末时间。 考查动词短语辨析。make up编造;put up张贴;set up建立;take up占用(时间,空间)。根据“some of your weekend time”可知,这里指“占用”周末时间。故选D。 4.(25-26九年级上·江苏无锡·期末)And I usually find that listeners ________ to get bored easily at the end of the report. A.break out B.work out C.turn out D.stay out 【答案】C 【详解】句意:而且我通常发现,听众在报告结尾时往往很容易变得无聊。 考查动词短语辨析。break out爆发;work out解决,算出;turn out结果是,证明是;stay out待在户外,不回家。根据句意,此处表示“听众结果很容易感到无聊”,强调最终呈现的状态或结果,应用turn out。故选C。 5.(25-26九年级上·云南昆明·期末)________ trying new things helps Tina to be creative. A.Putting off B.Worrying about C.Ending up D.Sticking to 【答案】D 【详解】句意:坚持尝试新事物帮助蒂娜变得有创造力。 考查动词短语。Putting off推迟;Worrying about担心;Ending up以……结束;Sticking to坚持。根据“trying new things helps Tina to be creative.”可知,只有“坚持”尝试新事物才能帮助蒂娜变得有创造力,其他选项均不符合逻辑。故选D。 6.(25-26九年级上·江苏泰州·期末)—Do you think household skills should be taught at schools? —Certainly! By learning basic life skills, children can learn how to ________ themselves and live independently (独立地). A.take notice of B.pay attention to C.take pride in D.take care of 【答案】D 【详解】句意:——你认为家务技能应该在学校教授吗?——当然!通过学习基本生活技能,孩子们可以学会如何照顾自己并独立生活。 考查动词短语辨析。take notice of注意到;pay attention to注意;take pride in以……为傲;take care of照顾,照料。根据宾语“themselves”和目的“live independently”可知,此处指“照顾”自己。take care of“照顾”,符合此逻辑。故选D。 7.(25-26九年级上·安徽合肥·期末)—Time’s up, Eric. Stop writing and ________ your paper. —Wait a minute, please. I forgot to write down my name. A.fill out B.hand in C.go over D.take on 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——时间到了,埃里克。停止书写,上交你的试卷。——请稍等。我忘记写我的名字了。 考查动词短语辨析。fill out填写;hand in上交;go over复习;take on承担,呈现。根据“Time’s up, Eric. Stop writing”可知,时间到了,应该是要上交试卷,所以“hand in”符合语境。故选B。 8.(25-26九年级上·江苏扬州·期末)A big fire ________ in the mountain area last week. Many firefighters went there to put it out. A.broke down B.broke out C.broke into D.broke up 【答案】B 【详解】句意:上周山区发生了一场大火。许多消防员去那里灭火。 考查动词短语辨析。broke down (机器等) 出故障;broke out (火灾、战争等) 爆发;broke into 强行闯入;broke up (关系) 破裂、解散。根据“A big fire...in the mountain area last week”可知,这里描述的是火灾的发生,broke out符合语境,说明火灾在山区爆发。故选B。 9.(25-26九年级上·安徽合肥·期末)—Many old people always miss the traditions of ________ fireworks on Spring Festival Eve. —I couldn’t agree more. But that will cause much air pollution. A.setting out B.setting off C.putting away D.giving up 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——许多老人总是怀念除夕夜放烟花的传统。——我非常同意。但那会造成空气污染。 考查动词短语辨析。setting out出发;setting off使爆炸,放(烟花等);putting away收起来;giving up放弃。根据“the traditions of…fireworks on Spring Festival Eve”可知,这里指放烟花的传统,应使用set off fireworks(放烟花)这一固定搭配。故选B。 10.(25-26九年级上·江苏南通·期末)Zu Chongzhi is the first person in history to ________ that the value of π is between 3.1415926 and 3.1415927. A.turn out B.hand out C.work out D.carry out 【答案】C 【详解】句意:祖冲之是历史上第一个算出圆周率的值在3.1415926和3.1415927之间的人。 考查动词短语辨析。turn out结果是;hand out分发;work out算出;carry out执行。根据语境可知,此处是在描述祖冲之算出圆周率值这一事件,所以应该用work out。故选C。 ◇题型 01 单项填空中的动词考查 典|例|精|析 典例1(2025·江苏无锡·中考真题)And I ________ you should try the colour therapy. Colours have amazing power. A.support B.suggest C.imagine D.introduce 【答案】B 【详解】句意:我建议你应该试试色彩疗法。颜色有惊人的力量。 考查动词辨析。support支持;suggest建议;imagine想象;introduce介绍。根据“you should try the colour therapy”可知,建议试试色彩疗法,此处为提出建议。故选B。 方|法|提|炼 1.抓核心词义差异,规避词义混淆陷阱:动词和动词短语的选择题,核心考查语境下的词义匹配,首先区分选项间的核心语义差异(如近义动词borrow/lend/keep,分别表“借入”“借出”“保留”;动词短语look for/look after/look up,分别表“寻找”“照顾”“查阅”)。若选项词义与题干语境完全不符(如题干表“照顾”,选项出现look for),直接排除;对于语义相近的选项,重点记忆其用法差异(如borrow接from,lend接to),结合题干搭配进一步筛选。 2.匹配时态/语态特征,避免形式错误:题干中通常隐含时态、语态标志(如时间状语yesterday对应一般过去时,already对应现在完成时,by sb对应被动语态),解题时先根据标志词确定动词所需的时态、语态形式(如情态动词后需用动词原形,被动语态需用be+done)。若选项动词形式与题干时态/语态要求不符(如题干为一般过去时,选项出现原形或现在分词),直接排除;特殊情况(如不规则动词过去式/过去分词)需单独记忆,避免因形式记错误选。 3.紧扣固定搭配与语境逻辑,验证选项合理性:若剩余选项难以区分,优先结合动词/动词短语的固定搭配判断(如enjoy后接doing,ask sb后接to do,look forward to后接doing),不符合固定搭配的选项直接排除;若搭配均符合要求,再结合题干语义逻辑验证(如题干表“花费时间做某事”,主语为人时选spend,主语为物/it时选take),确保选项既符合搭配,又贴合上下文语境,避免“语法正确但语义不通”的错误。 变|式|巩|固 变式1 (2025·江苏镇江·中考真题)It is a rule that passengers ________ smoke in the high-speed railway. A.wouldn’t B.needn’t C.mustn’t D.couldn’t 【答案】C 【详解】句意:乘客禁止在高铁上吸烟是一条规定。 考查情态动词。wouldn’t不会;needn’t不必;mustn’t禁止;couldn’t不能。根据“It is a rule that…”(这是一项规定)可知,此处强调强制性的禁止,故选C。 变式2 (2025·江苏南通·中考真题)—Millie, can you ________ the cranes for us? —OK. They are tall and have long legs and a long neck. A.count B.describe C.raise D.protect 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——米莉,你能为我们描述一下鹤吗?——好的。它们很高,腿很长,脖子很长。 考查动词辨析。count数数;describe描述;raise提升;protect保护。根据“They are tall and have long legs and a long neck.”可知此处是在描述鹤的外形特征。故选B。 ◇题型 02 词语运用/首字母填空中的动词考查 典|例|精|析 典例2(24-25九年级上·山东泰安·期末)Everyone should play a part in r things like books and paper to protect the environment. 【答案】recycling/ecycling 【详解】句意:每个人都应该参与回收像书本和纸张这样的物品来保护环境。根据首字母提示以及“play a part in…things like books and paper”可知,此处指回收利用废旧物品,“回收利用”英文为recycle;play a part in意为“参与”,是固定搭配,介词in后接动名词形式。故填recycling。 方|法|提|练 步骤1:根据首字母+语境,锁定核心动词 先结合题干首字母提示,排除非动词选项(如首字母g,可初步联想get、go、give等动词,排除good、girl等名词/形容词);再根据题干语义、前后搭配,锁定唯一符合语境的动词。 例:• He often g______ up at 6:30 a.m.(首字母g,结合“up”,锁定动词get,意为“起床”)• My mother often c______ dinner for us.(首字母c,结合“dinner”,锁定动词cook,意为“做饭”) 步骤2:判断动词形式(时态/语态/非谓语) 确定核心动词后,根据题干标志词、句子结构,判断动词需用的正确形式,这是解题关键,也是中考高频失分点。 • 时态判断规则:根据时间标志词锁定时态,对应动词变形 1. 一般现在时:标志词(often、usually、every day等),主语是三单时,动词变三单(加s/es);主语非三单,用动词原形 例:He often g______ up early.(often是一般现在时标志,主语He是三单,填gets)• They often p______ football after school.(主语They非三单,填play) 2. 一般过去时:标志词(yesterday、last week、just now等),动词用过去式(规则+不规则) 例:She f______ her homework yesterday evening.(yesterday evening是过去时标志,fill的过去式填filled) 3. 现在完成时:标志词(already、yet、since、for+时间段等),动词用has/have+过去分词 例:I have f______ my homework already.(already是现在完成时标志,填finished) • 语态判断规则:主语是动作承受者时,用被动语态(be+过去分词) 例:The letter was s______ yesterday.(主语The letter是“被寄出”,被动语态,填sent) • 非谓语判断规则:动词前有情态动词(can、must等)用原形;有介词、enjoy/finish等词后用doing;有ask/tell等词后用to do 例:1. You must f______ your homework first.(must后用原形,填finish)2. He enjoys p______ football.(enjoy后用doing,填playing)3. My teacher asks me to r______ the text.(ask sb to do,填read) 步骤3:验证逻辑+核对拼写,规避易错点 将确定的动词及正确形式填入题干,验证语义是否通顺、搭配是否合理(如动词与介词、宾语的搭配);同时核对拼写,重点检查不规则动词变形(如write→wrote→written、go→went→gone)、三单变化(如do→does、carry→carries),避免因拼写错误失分。 例:• He g______ to school yesterday.(结合语境锁定go,yesterday用过去式,填went,验证语义“他昨天去上学了”通顺,拼写正确) 中考高频考点总结 1. 时态高频:一般现在时三单(动词加s/es)、一般过去时(不规则过去式)、现在完成时(has/have+过去分词),重点记时间标志词与动词变形的对应关系。 2. 非谓语高频:情态动词后用动词原形、enjoy/finish/practice后用doing、ask/tell/want后用to do,固定搭配需熟记。 3. 拼写高频:不规则动词变形(如get→gets→got→gotten、see→sees→saw→seen),避免混淆原形、过去式、过去分词。 4. 语态高频:简单被动语态(一般现在时/过去时be+done),结合主语是否为动作承受者判断。 变|式|巩|固 变式1 (24-25九年级上·四川达州·期末)He s his mouth, and refused to say anything more. 【答案】shut/hut 【详解】句意:他闭上了嘴,拒绝再说任何话。根据句意和首字母提示可知,shut“关闭,合上”,为动词,由“and refused…”可知,shut应用过去式与refused并列,shut的过去式是shut。故填shut。 变式2 (25-26九年级上·吉林松原·期末)Could you r what you said just now? I didn’t hear you clearly. 【答案】(r)epeat 【详解】句意:你能重复一下刚才说的话吗?我没听清楚。根据“I didn’t hear you clearly.”可知没有听清楚,所以要求再重复一遍,repeat“重复”,情态动词后加动词原形。故填(r)epeat。 ◇题型 03 完形填空的动词考查 典|例|精|析 典例3(2025·江苏淮安·中考真题)请认真阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。 For a long time, I was sure Dad didn’t love me. Mum always wore a warm smile, but Dad always seemed 1 . He was busy with his work every day. When at home, he just read newspapers, 2 talking to me. Lots of unhappy memories about Dad stayed in my mind. There was one thing I remembered very 3 . It was my first school science show. I was so 4 to join! I spent several weeks making a model ship. The night 5 the show, when I was adding the last details, one part of the ship broke by accident. I ran to Dad with tears in my eyes. “Dad, please help me! 6 it, please!” I cried. He just took a look and said, “You should be more 7 . Fix it yourself.” Then he went back to his newspaper. After being refused, I couldn’t express how 8 I felt inside. I thought he didn’t care about my feelings at all. I had to spend the whole 9 fixing the model alone. The next day at the show, my model wasn’t perfect and I didn’t 10 a prize. For years, I was angry with Dad. 11 when I grew up, I still remembered that heartbroken moment. I didn’t understand Dad until a similar experience happened to my son. Several years ago, while my son was making a model plane, he broke one of the wings. And I decided to fix it for 12 . Suddenly, Dad’s words came into my mind: “Fix it yourself.” At that moment, I started to understand. Dad just wanted me to 13 some basic skills which would be useful in the future. I gave the model plane back to my son and smiled, “Have a 14 ! You can fix it by yourself.” Dad didn’t say nice words to me, but he had his own way to teach me a lesson—I should 15 myself. It was one of the most important qualities that made me a better person. 1.A.lazy B.cold C.happy D.friendly 2.A.always B.usually C.often D.seldom 3.A.widely B.clearly C.quickly D.closely 4.A.excited B.calm C.angry D.strange 5.A.to B.till C.before D.after 6.A.Fix B.Sell C.Clean D.Find 7.A.helpful B.honest C.careful D.polite 8.A.endless B.helpless C.careless D.meaningless 9.A.night B.day C.week D.month 10.A.buy B.win C.make D.need 11.A.Just B.Once C.Only D.Even 12.A.you B.her C.him D.them 13.A.share B.change C.develop D.introduce 14.A.try B.rest C.visit D.taste 15.A.take on B.turn on C.carry on D.depend on 【答案】 1.B 2.D 3.B 4.A 5.C 6.A 7.C 8.B 9.A 10.B 11.D 12.C 13.C 14.A 15.D 【解析】本文讲述作者因爸爸看似冷漠的教育方式产生误解,多年后通过相似经历才理解爸爸培养其独立能力的良苦用心。 1.句意:妈妈总是面带温暖笑容,但爸爸似乎很冷漠。 lazy懒惰的;cold冷漠的;happy开心的;friendly友好的。根据“Mum always wore a warm smile, but Dad always seemed...”可知,前后分句意思转折,即:父亲态度冷淡。故选B。 2.句意:他在家时只是看报纸,很少和我说话。 always总是;usually通常;often经常;seldom很少。根据“he just read newspapers”可知,只是看报纸,应是很少和作者说话。故选D。 3.句意:有一件事我记得非常清楚。 widely广泛地;clearly清晰地;quickly快速地;closely密切地。根据下文“It was my first school science show.”可知,此处表示记忆深刻。故选B。 4.句意:我很兴奋能加入! excited兴奋的;calm平静的;angry生气的;strange奇怪的。根据“I spent several weeks making a model ship.”可知,作者花了几周时间制作模型,说明参加科学展览是令人激动的事。故选A。 5.句意:展览前一晚,当我正在添加最后细节时,船的一部分意外断裂。 to到;till直到;before在……之前;after在……之后。根据下文“The next day at the show...”可知,此处指展览前夜。故选C。 6.句意:请修好它! Fix修理;Sell卖;Clean清洁;Find发现。根据“one part of the ship broke by accident”可知,船模坏了需要修理。故选A。 7.句意:你应该更仔细。 helpful有帮助的;honest诚实的;careful仔细的;polite礼貌的。根据“You should be more...”可知,父亲教导作者做事要细心。故选C。 8.句意:被拒绝后,我无法表达内心的无助。 endless无尽的;helpless无助的;careless粗心的;meaningless无意义的。根据“After being refused”可知,被拒绝,应是会感到无助。故选B。 9.句意:我不得不一个人花费一整夜的时间修理模型。 night夜晚;day白天;week周;month月。根据“The night… the show”可知,此处指夜晚。故选A。 10.句意:第二天在展览上,我的模型并不完美,我没有获奖。 buy买;win赢得;make制作;need需要。根据“my model wasn’t perfect and I didn’t...a prize”可知,没有赢得奖品。故选B。 11.句意:即使我长大了,我仍然记得那个心碎的时刻。 Just仅仅;Once曾经;Only只有;Even甚至,即使。根据“For years, I was angry with Dad…when I grew up, I still remembered that heartbroken moment.”可知,此处表示让步关系,即使这么长时间过去了,作者仍然记得那个时刻。故选D。 12.句意:我决定为他修理它。 you你;her她;him他;them他们。此处指代儿子,用him。故选C。 13.句意:爸爸只是想让我培养一些未来有用的基本技能。 share分享;change改变;develop发展,培养;introduce介绍。根据“...some basic skills which would be useful in the future”可知,此处指培养有用的技能。故选C。 14.句意:试试看! try尝试;rest休息;visit参观;taste品尝。根据“You can fix it by yourself.”可知,此处鼓励对方自己尝试。故选A。 15.句意:我应该依靠自己。 take on承担;turn on打开;carry on继续;depend on依靠。根据“Fix it yourself.”可知,此处强调独立性。故选D。 方|法|提|练 一、 解题核心逻辑 1. 语境优先,定位动词的“动作呼应” • 核心原则:动词的选择90%以上都能在上下文找到动作线索(动作先后、逻辑关系、情感匹配),避免孤立判断。 • 操作方法: 1. 向前找:空格前的主语(人/物)、情态动词(can/must)、时间标志词(yesterday/every day),提示动词的时态、语态和形式。 2. 向后找:空格后的宾语(名词/代词)、介词(to/with/for)、副词,提示动词的固定搭配和词义匹配(如look后接for表“寻找”,接after表“照顾”)。 3. 全段找:关注动词的“原词复现”“同义替换”或“动作连贯”,这是中考动词完形最核心的考点(如前文用go,后文呼应用went,保持动作一致)。 • 示例:本文第2空 He ____ to the farm yesterday,后文紧接着出现 He arrived there at 9 a.m.,“到达”提示前文动作是“前往”,结合yesterday,此处应填 went,这就是典型的“动作呼应”。 2. 语法辅助,判断动词的“形式正确” • 时态判断: ◦ 若前面/上下文有 every day, often, usually 等标志词,动词用一般现在时,主语三单需变三单形式(如 goes, does)。 ◦ 若有 yesterday, last week, just now 等标志词,动词用一般过去时(如 went, cooked)。 ◦ 若有 already, yet, since 等标志词,动词用现在完成时(has/have + 过去分词,如 has finished)。 • 语态/非谓语判断: ◦ 主语是动作承受者时,用被动语态(be + 过去分词,如 was done)。 ◦ 动词前有情态动词(can, must)用原形;介词后、enjoy/finish后用doing;ask/tell后用to do。 3. 搭配验证,确保动词的“合理使用” • 固定搭配:积累常见的动词短语(如 look forward to doing, take care of, ask sb. to do)、动宾搭配(如 cook dinner, finish homework, take a bus)。 • 逻辑搭配:确保所选动词符合情节逻辑和动作连贯,如 “go to the farm”“cook dinner” 符合“农场派对”的场景,“cry”“smile” 符合人物情感变化。 二、 实战解题步骤 1. 通读全文,标记动词线索 快速浏览全文,圈出所有出现的动词(如 go, cook, prepare, forget, arrive, help)和时间标志词(every day, yesterday, tomorrow),建立“动词动作链”,明确故事的动作先后和时态基调,为后续解题做准备。 2. 逐空分析,锁定语境依据 对每个空格,先看前后文是否有动词复现、动作呼应或时态提示。例如: ◦ 第1空 She ____ a cake for the party every year:结合语境“每年为派对做蛋糕”,every day 提示一般现在时,主语 She 是三单,常用 cook 或 make,故填 cooks/makes。 ◦ 第2空 He ____ to the farm yesterday:后文出现 arrived(到达),提示前文动作是“前往”,yesterday 提示一般过去时,故填 went。 ◦ 第3空 They enjoy ____ games after dinner:结合固定搭配 enjoy doing sth.,故填 playing。 3. 语法检查,确认动词形式 填完答案后,回头检查动词的形式是否正确: ◦ 时态是否匹配:时间标志词与动词时态是否一致(如 yesterday 对应过去式,some 不影响动词时态,需结合语境判断)。 ◦ 形式是否正确:三单、过去式、过去分词、doing/to do 形式是否无误(如 go→went,play→playing,ask→to ask)。 ◦ 语态是否合理:主语是动作执行者还是承受者,被动语态形式是否正确(如 was done)。 4. 代入验证,通读全文流畅性 将所有答案填入空格,完整读一遍,确保: ◦ 动词与前后名词、介词、副词的搭配自然(如 cook dinner 正确,不能说 cook a dinner)。 ◦ 动词的动作链连贯,时态统一,符合故事的情节发展和人物情感。 ◦ 没有语法错误(如三单遗漏、非谓语形式错误)。 三、 高频考点总结 动词复现 关注上下文出现的原词或近义词,结合时态判断形式。 第2空 went 与后文 arrive 动作呼应,结合 yesterday 确定过去式。 时态/语态/非谓语 根据时间标志词、主语属性、固定搭配判断动词形式。 every day 对应一般现在时三单(cooks);enjoy 后接 doing(playing)。 固定搭配 积累常见动词短语、动宾搭配,直接匹配选择。 look forward to doing,ask sb. to do,take care of。 语境推理 根据故事情节、动作先后、人物情感,选择符合逻辑的动词。 went(前往)符合“去农场参加派对”的情节,help(帮助)符合人物友好的情感。 ◇题型 04 语法填空中的动词考查 典|例|精|析 典例4(2025·四川遂宁·中考真题)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。 The Yellow River runs from the mountains 1 the sea. It gave birth to one of 2 oldest and most famous cultures in the world—the Yellow River culture. In the hearts of 3 (China) people, the Yellow River is the mother river. It is expected to play a more important role in our country’s 4 (develop). The river got its name Huanghe in Chinese 5 its water is yellow, as it took lots of yellow sand to the water when it ran through the Loess Plateau (黄土高原). The river starts from Qinghai Province in northwestern China. It runs through a lot of places before 6 (run) into the Bohai sea. The 5,464-kilometre-long river 7 (feed) about 12% of China’s population and provides water for about 15% of fields and more than 60 8 (city). So far, our country 9 (make) great efforts in the environmental protection of river. Each year over 400 million tons of sand is prevented from being washed into it. Our mother river has become much 10 (clear) than before. 【答案】 1.to 2.the 3.Chinese 4.development 5.because 6.running 7.feeds 8.cities 9.has made 10.clearer 【解析】本文主要讲述了黄河从高山流向大海,孕育了世界上最古老、最著名的文化之一——黄河文化。 1.句意:黄河从山上流到海里。根据“The Yellow River runs from the mountains...the sea.”可知,此处是from...to...短语,意为“从……到……”。故填to。 2.句意:它孕育了世界上最古老、最著名的文化之一——黄河文化。此处是“one of+the+最高级+名词复数”结构,故填the。 3.句意:在中国人的心中,黄河是母亲河。此处作定语修饰people,故填Chinese。 4.句意:它有望在我国的发展中发挥更重要的作用。此处在动词短语后作宾语,用名词development“发展”,故填development。 5.句意:这条河在中国被称为黄河,因为它的水是黄色的,因为它在流经黄土高原时带了很多黄沙。“its water is yellow”是“The river got its name Huanghe in Chinese”的原因,用because引导原因状语从句,故填because。 6.句意:它流经很多地方,然后流入渤海。before是介词,其后用动名词作宾语,故填running。 7.句意:这条长5464公里的河流养活了中国约12%的人口,为约15%的农田和60多个城市提供水源。此处与“provides”并列,动词用三单形式,故填feeds。 8.句意:这条长5464公里的河流养活了中国约12%的人口,为约15%的农田和60多个城市提供水源。“more than 60”修饰可数名词复数,故填cities。 9.句意:到目前为止,我国在河流的环境保护方面做出了很大的努力。根据“So far”可知,此处应使用现在完成时,主语是“our country”,助动词用has。故填has made。 10.句意:我们的母亲河变得比以前清澈多了。根据“than before”可知,此处应使用形容词比较级作表语,故填clearer。 方|法|提|练 步骤1:判断空格属性+锁定核心动词 先判断空格是否需要填动词(结合句子成分:缺谓语、非谓语时,优先考虑动词);再结合题干语境、前后搭配,锁定核心动词(语法填空分两类:① 给提示词:括号内给出动词原形/分词,直接围绕提示词判断形式;② 无提示词:结合句意、句子结构,确定需填的动词)。 例:• 给提示词:He often ______ (get) up at 6:30 a.m.(结合“up”和语境,锁定提示词get,意为“起床”)• 无提示词:My mother often ______ dinner for us.(结合“dinner”,锁定动词cook,意为“做饭”)• 给提示词:She ______ (finish) her homework just now.(锁定提示词finish,结合语境表“完成”) 步骤2:判断动词形式(时态/语态/非谓语/主谓一致) 确定核心动词(或提示词)后,根据题干时间标志词、句子结构、主语属性,判断动词需用的正确形式,这是语法填空动词类的解题关键,也是中考高频失分点(语法填空重点考查“形式变形”,而非动词辨析)。 • 时态判断规则:根据时间标志词锁定时态,对应动词变形(给提示词则变形,无提示词则填对应时态的动词) 1. 一般现在时:标志词(often、usually、every day、always等),主语是三单时,动词变三单(加s/es);主语非三单,用动词原形 例:给提示词:He often ______ (get) up early.(often是一般现在时标志,主语He是三单,填gets)• 无提示词:They often ______ (play) football after school.(主语They非三单,填play) 2. 一般过去时:标志词(yesterday、last week、just now、ago等),动词用过去式(规则+不规则) 例:给提示词:She ______ (finish) her homework yesterday evening.(yesterday evening是过去时标志,finish的过去式填finished)• 无提示词:He ______ (go) to school yesterday.(填went) 3. 现在完成时:标志词(already、yet、since、for+时间段、so far等),动词用has/have+过去分词 例:给提示词:I have ______ (finish) my homework already.(already是现在完成时标志,填finished)• 无提示词:They ______ (be) in Beijing for 3 years.(填have been) • 语态判断规则:主语是动作承受者时,用被动语态(be+过去分词);给提示词则变过去分词,无提示词则填be+对应过去分词 例:给提示词:The letter was ______ (send) yesterday.(主语The letter是“被寄出”,被动语态,填sent) • 无提示词:The books ______ (take) to the classroom just now.(填were taken) • 非谓语判断规则:动词前有情态动词(can、must、may等)用原形;介词后、enjoy/finish/practice/mind等词后用doing;ask/tell/want/advise等词后用to do;使役动词(make/let/have)、感官动词(see/hear/watch)后接sb. + 动原(被动需加to) 例:1. 给提示词:You must ______ (finish) your homework first.(must后用原形,填finish) 2.给提示词:He enjoys ______ (play) football.(enjoy后用doing,填playing) 3. 给提示词:My teacher asks me to ______ (read) the text.(ask sb to do,填read) 4. 无提示词:Let him ______ (go) now.(let后用动原,填go) • 主谓一致补充:当主语是单数(第三人称、单数名词、不可数名词),谓语动词需用三单形式;并列谓语时态需保持一致 例:给提示词:My father and mother ______ (go) to work every day.(并列主语非三单,填go)• 给提示词:The news ______ (be) very exciting.(news是不可数名词,填is) 步骤3:验证逻辑+核对拼写,规避易错点 将确定的动词及正确形式填入空格,验证语义是否通顺、句子成分是否完整(谓语是否缺失、非谓语是否符合结构)、搭配是否合理(如动词与介词、宾语的搭配);同时核对拼写,重点检查:① 不规则动词变形(如write→wrote→written、go→went→gone);② 三单变化(如do→does、carry→carries、fix→fixes);③ 分词变形(如lie→lying、die→dying);④ 被动语态中be动词的时态、单复数匹配,避免因形式、拼写错误失分。 例:• 给提示词:He ______ (go) to school yesterday.(结合语境和yesterday,提示词go变过去式,填went,验证语义“他昨天去上学了”通顺,句子成分完整,拼写正确)• 给提示词:The work must be ______ (finish) today.(被动语态,finish变过去分词finished,验证搭配合理,拼写正确) 中考高频考点总结 1. 时态高频:一般现在时三单(动词加s/es)、一般过去时(不规则过去式)、现在完成时(has/have+过去分词),重点记时间标志词与动词变形的对应关系,兼顾并列谓语时态一致。 2. 非谓语高频:情态动词后用动词原形、enjoy/finish/practice/mind后用doing、ask/tell/want后用to do、使役/感官动词后接动原(被动加to),固定搭配需熟记,无需额外辨析词义,重点抓形式。 3. 拼写高频:不规则动词变形(如get→gets→got→gotten、see→sees→saw→seen、lie→lying/lied)、三单特殊变化(如do→does、have→has)、分词特殊变形,避免混淆原形、过去式、过去分词、现在分词。 4. 语态高频:简单被动语态(一般现在时/过去时be+done),结合主语是否为动作承受者判断,重点注意be动词的时态、单复数与主语匹配。 5. 语法填空专属高频:提示词类(给动词原形,重点变三单、过去式、分词)、无提示词类(需结合句子成分,填对应时态/语态的动词),主谓一致(单数主语配三单谓语)。 6 / 6 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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专题03 词法进阶:动词和动词短语全解(培优讲义)(全国通用)2026年中考英语二轮复习高效培优系列
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专题03 词法进阶:动词和动词短语全解(培优讲义)(全国通用)2026年中考英语二轮复习高效培优系列
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专题03 词法进阶:动词和动词短语全解(培优讲义)(全国通用)2026年中考英语二轮复习高效培优系列
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