内容正文:
专题01 介词与数词
介词
目 录
第一部分 考情精析 锁定靶心 高效备考
第二部分 重难考点深解 深度溯源 扫清盲区
【考点01】介词的基本用法
【考点02】介词短语及固定用法
第三部分 解题思维优化 典例精析+方法提炼+变式巩固
【题型01】语法选择/单项填空中的介词考查
【题型02】完形填空中的介词考查
【题型03】语法填空的介词考查
核心考向聚焦
介词词义辨析(尤其近义介词)及固定搭配是考查重点,在各地中考中频繁出现。介词与时态、句式的结合应用、介词短语的辨析及用法也有涉及,但相对比重较小。
关键能力与思维瓶颈
关键能力:掌握常用介词(in/on/at/for/with/by等)表时间、地点、方式、原因等的核心规则,以及近义介词(如between/among、across/through)的语境辨析方法,能在语境中准确选择合适的介词。需通过场景分类记忆突破。熟练掌握介词与动词、名词、形容词的高频固定搭配(如look for、be interested in),清晰区分易混介词短语的含义及用法(如in front of与in the front of)。需强化搭配应用训练。
培优瓶颈:主要受中文思维干扰,中文无对应介词体系,易出现介词漏用、误用或搭配错误;同时,介词规则记忆碎片化,近义介词的语境区分不清晰,固定搭配记忆不牢固,在语篇综合题中易失分。需强化语境判断与固定搭配归类记忆。
命题前瞻与备考策略
预测:2026年中考中,在语篇(完形填空、语法填空、短文改错)中灵活考查介词词义辨析、固定搭配及语境应用。将更注重真实情境(如日常交流、短文叙述、活动介绍)下的介词选择,结合时态、句式的综合考查概率上升。侧重在时间、地点、方式等具体语境中,考查近义介词的辨析及固定搭配的准确运用(如by bus与on foot)。
策略:备考应放弃对孤立介词规则的死记硬背,转向 “搭配归类”与“语境应用” 。重点训练: 1. 紧扣真题,建立介词分类错题本(近义介词辨析、固定搭配易错点、语境误用案例),强化在完形填空和短文语境中判断介词用法的能力。 2. 熟记介词高频固定搭配(如take care of、in a hurry),专项练习语篇类介词题型,并与短文填空、语境写作结合训练,提升综合应用能力。
◇考点 01 介词的基本用法
考向1 时间介词
介词
用法
示例
on
①用在具体的某一天前或特定某一天的上午/下午/晚上前
on June 1st on a cold winter morning
②用在星期、节日前
on Saturday on Children's Day
in
①用在某个世纪、年份、月份、季节或泛指的上午、下午或晚上前
in the 21st century in the 1980s in 2022 in July in spring
in the morning/afternoon/evening
②“in+一段时间”表示在一段时间之后,用于将来时
in a few days
at
①用在具体的时刻或正午、黎明、黄昏、午夜前
at 8:00atnoonatmidnight
②用于年龄前
at the age of 15
during
在……期间
during the summer holiday
after
①用于将来时,表示“……之后”,后接时间点
The room will be empty after seven o'clock.
②用于过去时,表示“……之后”,后接以过去为起点的时间段
Uncle Tom graduated from his college after 3 years.
before
在……之前
She must finish all the work before ten o'clock.
since
后接表示过去的时间点,或表示过去时间点的时间状语从句,常用于现在完成时
Mr. Li has taught math in this school since2003.
for
后接时间段,表示动作的延续,主句常用现在完成时或一般过去时
We haven't seen each other for years.
until/till
“到……时;直到……为止”,表示动作持续到某一时间结束
They must practice playing the piano until/till 10 o'clock.
The boys didn't go to bed until 12 o'clock last night.
by
by+时间点,表示“不迟于……(not later than)”,常用于过去完成时
They had seen four English films by the end of last week.
考向2 方位介词
1.on, in, at与to
介词
含义及用法
示例
on
表示“在……(的表面)上”(即:)
on the desk on the wall
表示A地位于B地的外部且接壤
(即:)
Hunan Province lies onthe west of Jiangxi Province. (湖南省同江西省接壤)
in
表示“在(大地方)”、“在……内部”或“在……范围之内”(即:)
in China in the north in the box
表示A地属于B地(即:)
Taiwan lies in the southeast of China.(台湾是中国的一部分)
at
表示“在(小地方)”或“在……附近,旁边”(即:)
at the door at the airport
at the station at Park Street
to
表示“到……”
This road leads to London.
表示“在……范围之外”,即A、B两地不接壤(即:)
Japan lies to the east of China. (日本在中国的范围之外,且和中国不接壤)
2.over, under, above与below
介词
含义及用法
例句
over
表示“在……正上方”,两者不接触
We can build a bridge over the river.
under
表示“在……正下方”,两者不接触
My cat is lying under the chair.
above
表示“在……上方”,两者不接触,不一定垂直
The plane is flying above the clouds.
below
表示“在……下方”,两者不接触,不一定垂直
The coat reaches below the knees.
3.其他常见方位介词
介词
含义
例句
around
绕着
She put some flowers around her bed.
四处,在……周围
I went out and had a walk around.
along
顺着;沿着……
They walked back along the riverside.
outside
在……外面
The car was still outside the building.
inside
在……里面
There was a telephone inside the office.
behind
在……后面
Li Lei is behind the door.
beside
在……旁边
Come and sit beside me.
into
到……里面,进入
Come into the house.
near
在……附近
My home is near the school.
opposite
与……相对;在……对面
Their house is almost opposite ours.
考向3 方式介词
介词
用法
示例
by
by+表示交通工具的单数名词,且名词前不加任何修饰词
by plane by bus by subway
“by+名词/动名词”表示凭借某种工具或手段
by hand by selling flowers
in
in+封闭的交通工具,且名词前有限定词
Alan goes to work in his sister's car.
in+某种材料/语言/声音等
in English
on
on+开放型或大型交通工具,且名词前有限定词;固定搭配除外,如:on foot
My father goes to work on a bus every morning.
表示通过网络、电话、收音机、电视等
They talked on the phone and made a deal.
with
表示“用;以;借助于”,其后常接具体的工具
I wrote the letter with a pen.
考向4 其他介词
介词
含义及用法
例句
about
关于(某人或某事)
At the museum, I learned a lot about robots.
大约;此处当副词讲,后接数词
There are about six books in my bag.
across
在……对面
There is a big park across from the supermarket.
在……各处;遍及
across the world
against
反对,违反;倚,靠
No shouting, please!It's against the rules.
与……比赛
I am in our school team and we are going to play against another school next week.
as
作为;以……身份
She works as a teacher.
像,如同,跟……一样
He speaks English as an Englishman.
except
除了……之外(没有),不包括后面所提到的人或物
Everyone is very happy except Tina.
for
因为,由于
Thank you for helping me.
为了(表目的)
They went out for a walk.
给(对象、用途等)
I'm writing a poem for Grandma.
赞成(常与系动词be连用)
I think you'll be for my opinion.
from
来自;源于;出自(表示来源)
This gift is from my friend.
从……(到……)(表示幅度或范围)
The store is openfrom8 a.m. to 10 p.m.
使免遭;使免受(表示防止)
He tried to keep himself from falling.
like
相似,类似,像
She was like a princess in a fairy tale.
例如,比如
Jane likes many sports,like running and swimming.
像……一样
Let me talk to you like a teacher.
under
低于,少于,在……以下(表示数量、年龄等)
Children under 5 can travel at half price.
through
通过;以,凭借;贯穿;自始至终
You can only achieve success through hard work.
with
和……在一起,和,同
She came to school with her classmates.
有,具有
There is a girl with a red hat under the tree.
随着,由于
With the development of society, people pay more attention to their health.
without
没有,缺乏
He found the place without any difficulty.
不和……在一起;无……相伴
Don't go without your parents!
不(做某事),无
He left without saying anything.
besides
除……之外,还有……
Besides Beijing, I have been to Shanghai.
among
在……之间(三者及三者以上)
The woman who is standing among the students is Lily's mother.
between
在……之间(两者);常用词组:between…and…
I will be back between five and six.
towards
朝;向;对着
She stood up and walked towards him.
◇难点方位介词in/on/ to
典例 China lies ________ the west of Japan and ________ the east of Asia.
A.in; to B.to; in C.on; to
【答案】B
【详解】句意:中国位于日本的西面,在亚洲的东部。
考查方位介词的辨析。on表示接壤;in表示在该范围之中;to表示两地之间有一定的距离。日本和中国隔海相望,第一空应用介词to;中国属于亚洲,第二空用介词in。故选B。
1.The key ________ success is to choose a right goal, plan your path and then get started.
A.about B.to C.of D.by
【答案】B
【详解】句意:成功的关键是选择一个正确的目标,规划你的道路,然后开始。
考查介词辨析。about关于;to对于;of属于;by通过。固定搭配“the key to...”表示“……的关键”,to 在这里表示“对于……来说”。故选B。
2.My father usually goes to work ______ bike, but he went to work ______ foot today because his bike was broken.
A.by; on B.on; by C.by; by D.on; on
【答案】A
【详解】句意:我父亲通常骑自行车去上班,但今天他步行去上班,因为他的自行车坏了。
考查介词短语的固定搭配。英语中,表示交通方式时,“骑自行车”用“by bike”,“步行”用“on foot”。根据句意,前半句“usually goes to work…bike”需填“by”表示骑自行车;后半句“went to work…foot”需填“on”表示步行。故选A。
3.The road ________ success is not that easy, but we can make it ________ working hard.
A.to; past B.of; for C.to; by D.of; by
【答案】C
【详解】句意:通往成功的道路并不容易,但我们可以通过努力来实现它。
考查介词的用法。to到;past经过;of属于……的;for为了;by通过。“the road to...”是固定搭配,表示“通往……的道路”,此处“the road to success”即“通往成功的道路”,所以第一个空应填“to”;“by+doing”表示“通过某种方式”,“by working hard”意思是“通过努力工作”,表示实现目标的方式,所以第二个空应填“by”。故选C。
4.—Do you know the teacher ________ a pair of glasses?
—Yes, he is Miss Wu.
A.has B.have C.with D.in
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——你认识那位戴眼镜的老师吗? ——是的,她是吴老师。
考查介词用法。have有,动词原形;has有,动词第三人称单数形式;with有……的;in穿着,其后通常跟服装或衣服的颜色。根据“the teacher...a pair of glasses”可知,指“戴着眼镜的”,with a pair of glasses作后置定语修饰the teacher。故选C。
5.—Hey, Jim, what’s wrong?
—I had a fight ________ my best friend. We haven’t talked to each other for a few weeks.
A.with B.for C.between D.about
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——嘿,吉姆,发生什么事了?——我和我最好的朋友打了一架。我们已经好几周不和彼此说话了。
考查介词的用法。和......打架have a fight with...,故选A。
6.Even in winter, the temperature in Guangzhou is always ________ zero, so people never feel cold all year round.
A.above B.below C.over D.under
【答案】A
【详解】句意:即使在冬天,广州的温度也总是在零度以上,人们一年到头从不觉得冷。
考查介词辨析。above在……之上;below在……之下;over在……正上方/超过;under 在……正下方。根据“so people never feel cold all year round”可知,广州冬天不冷,因此温度应高于零度。表示温度高于某个数值时,常用above。故选A。
7.—Your shirt looks nice, is it made ________ silk?
—Yes, and it’s made ________ hand.
A.from; by B.of; by C.from; for D.of; from
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——你的衬衫看起来很漂亮,是丝绸做的吗?——是的,而且是手工制作的。
考查介词辨析。be made of由……制成(能看出原材料或强调材料本身);be made from由……制成(原材料发生较大变化);be made by由某人制作;by hand手工制作。第一空丝绸衬衫强调材质,用made of;第二空为固定短语by hand。故选B。
◇考点 02 介词短语及固定搭配
考向1 介词与动词的搭配
(1)与into搭配:
turn…into… 将……变成…… get into 进入;陷入 fall into 落入;陷入
look into 调查;观察 run into 撞上;偶然碰见 come into 进来
(2)与around搭配:
move around 四处走动;走来走去 look around 环顾四周 turn around 转身
(3)与from搭配:
hear from收到……的来信 come from来自…… die from死于……
protect…from… 保护……免受…… learn from向……学习;从……中吸取教训
(4)与with搭配:
mix…with… 把……与……混合 agree with同意 practice with 和……一起练习
talk with 和……交谈 argue with 和……争吵
(5)其他
go across穿过;横过 wait for等待 dream of梦想 belong to属于 look forward to期待;盼望
考向2 介词与形容词/v.-ed的搭配
(1)be+adj./v.-ed+about
be worried about对……担忧 be crazy about 对……着迷 be sure about确信;对……有把握
(2)be+adj./v.-ed+at
be good at擅长…… be surprised at对……感到惊奇 be angry at对……生气(对事)
(3)be+adj./v.-ed+of
be scared of 害怕…… be full of充满…… be proud of为……感到自豪
(4)be+adj./v.-ed+from
be different from与……不同 be absent from缺席…… be separated from与……分开
(5)be+adj.+for
be famous/known for 因……而著名 be thirsty for渴望 be good for对……有好处
(6)be+adj.+in
be interested in 对……感兴趣 be weak in在……方面薄弱 be rich in富于,盛产
(7)be+adj.+with
be filled with 充满…… be angry with生……的气(对人) be busy with忙于
(8)be+adj.+to
be harmful to对……有害 be similar to与……相似 be friendly/kind to对……友好
更多初中常见的“形容词/v.-ed+介词”短语详见本书“形容词短语辨析”。
考向3 介词与名词的搭配
(1)at短语:
at home 在家里 at work 在工作中
at night在晚上 at present 目前;现在
at the same time同时 at the moment 在此刻
at breakfast早餐时
(2)in短语:
in a hurry 匆忙 in order to 以便,为了
in agreement达成一致 in need 处于危难中
in person 亲自 in return作为回报
in hospital住院 in the end最后
in order井井有条,按顺序 in time及时
in fact事实上 in danger处于危险中
in one's way挡住某人的路 in some way(s)在某种程度上
in the beginning开始;起初;在开始的时候
(3)on短语:
on fire 着火 on the way在路上
on Sunday 在星期天 on business出差
on duty 值日 on foot步行
on time准时 on holiday在休假
on the other hand 另一方面 on sale在出售;减价出售
on one's way to… 在某人去……的路上
(4)by短语:
by the way顺便说一下 by accident偶然地
by hand手工 by the time到……的时候
by mistake错误地
考向4 其他常见介词相关搭配
after a while 过了一会儿
after all毕竟 after breakfast早饭后
according to根据 as usual像往常一样
be away from远离 because of因为
out of breath上气不接下气 out of control失控
such as 例如 to one's surprise令某人吃惊的是
with the help of sb. 在某人的帮助下
◇难点介词的固定搭配
典例 (25-26九年级上·天津河西·期末)Nowadays, those things which are made ________ become more and more popular among young people.
A.in hand B.with hand C.on hand D.by hand
【答案】D
【详解】句意:如今,那些手工制作的东西在年轻人中越来越受欢迎。
考查介词短语。in hand在手头;with hand用手;on hand在手边;by hand手工制作。根据“those things which are made...”可知,此处强调“手工制作”的物品受欢迎,用by hand。故选D。
1.I’m sorry. This letter is for you, but I opened it ______.
A.by hand B.by mistake C.in trouble D.in danger
【答案】B
【详解】句意:对不起。这封信是给你的,但我误拆了它。
考查介词短语辨析。by hand手工;by mistake错误地;in trouble处于困境;in danger处于危险中。根据“I’m sorry”和“but I opened it”可知,此处表示因“误拆”而道歉。故选B。
2.Last Sunday, I took part in a charity show at our school and raised money to help the children ________.
A.in doubt B.in need C.in public D.in silence
【答案】B
【详解】句意:上周日,我参加了我们学校的一场慈善演出,筹集资金来帮助那些有需要的孩子们。
考查介词短语辨析。in doubt怀疑地,拿不准;in need在困难中,需要帮助;in public公开地,当众;in silence沉默地,无声地。根据语境可知,此处表达的是筹集资金帮助那些“有需要的”孩子们,in need符合语境。故选B。
3.The teacher is standing ______ the classroom.
A.in front of B.in the front of C.before D.after
【答案】B
【详解】句意:老师正站在教室的前面。
考查介词短语。in front of在……外部的前面;in the front of在……内部的前面;before在……之前;after在……之后。根据“The teacher is standing…the classroom.”可知,老师站在教室内部的前部。故选B。
4.—Mike can’t go to the party with us because he has to look after his sick mother.
—_________, we won’t wait for him any longer.
A.In that case B.After all C.For example D.Above all
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——迈克不能和我们一起去参加聚会,因为他得照顾生病的母亲。——既然那样的话,我们就不再等他了。
考查介词短语辨析。In that case既然那样;After all毕竟;For example例如;Above all首先。根据“Mike can’t go to the party with us because he has to look after his sick mother.”可知,迈克不能参加聚会,所以此处表示既然那样的话,就不再等他了,所以应该用In that case。故选A。
5.—I’m sorry I can’t pick you up at the railway station ________ because of my bad cold.
—Not at all. I’ll take a taxi.
A.in person B.in public C.in general D.in silence
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——很抱歉,由于重感冒,我不能亲自到火车站去接你。——没关系,我会打车。
考查介词短语辨析。in person亲自;in public公开地;in general通常;in silence安静地。根据“because of my bad cold”可知,因为有重感冒,所依不能“亲自”去接人。故选A。
◇题型 01 单项填空中的介词考查
典|例|精|析
典例1The twins are similar ________ appearance but different ________ personality.
A.to; with B.in; to C.to; from D.with; in
【答案】C
【详解】句意:这对双胞胎外貌相似,但性格不同。
考查介词。短语be similar to与……相似,所以第一个空用to;短语be different from与……不同,所以第二个空用from。故选C。
方|法|提|炼
1.明确介词固定搭配规则,规避搭配陷阱:介词的选择多依赖固定动介、名介搭配,多数介词搭配有固定对应关系(如 “look at”“arrive in”),即使语义相近,也不能随意替换(如 “be good at” 擅长,非 “be good in”;“look forward to” 期待,非 “look forward for”)。若选项中的介词与空格前动词、名词无固定搭配(如 “arrive for Beijing”),直接排除;仅少数介词有同义搭配(如 “by bus”=“on a bus”),需单独记忆。
2.区分介词语义功能,避免功能混淆:当选项同时出现不同功能的介词(如 “in”“on”“at”)时,根据修饰对象判断:表时间用 in/on/at(如 “in 2026”“on Monday”“at 8:00”),表地点用 in/at/on(如 “in China”“at the station”“on the desk”),表对象用 to/for/with(如 “give a book to me”“buy a gift for her”)。若题干强调 “时间属性”,排除表地点、对象的介词选项(如题干 “____ the morning”,排除 at、to)。
3.结合语境逻辑,验证介词合理性:若剩余选项难区分,结合题干语义、场景判断:如 “arrive ____ China”(中国是大地点,表范围)与 “arrive ____ the bus stop”(车站是小地点,表具体位置),根据地点规模的语境差异,分别确定用介词 in 和 at;再如 “be made ____ wood”(能看出原材料)与 “be made ____ wheat”(看不出原材料),结合语义逻辑,确定对应介词 of 和 from。
变|式|巩|固
变式1People with pale skin look good ________ yellow and pink.
A.on B.in C.under D.between
【答案】B
【详解】句意:皮肤白的人穿黄色和粉红色很好看。
考查介词辨析。on在……上面;in在……里面,in + 颜色 / 衣服“穿……衣服”;under在……下面;between在……中间。根据句意可知,穿黄色和粉红色的衣服好看。故选B。
【点睛】易错点分析:此题易选A。区别以下2个短语:某人穿某衣好看:sb. looks nice in 颜色 / 衣服;某衣服穿在某人身上好看: 颜色 / 衣服 looks nice on sb.。
变式2 ________ the morning of September 19th, many visitors arrived ________ the train station for a tour.
A.On; at B.On; to C.In; in D.In; at
【答案】A
【详解】句意:在9月19日上午,许多游客到达火车站准备旅行。
考查介词辨析。on在具体的某一天/特定日期的某段时间(如早上、下午);in接年/月/季节;at在具体的某时刻;to到。根据“the morning of September 19th”可知,第一空指具体日期“9月19日上午”,应用on;根据“many visitors arrived…the train station for a tour.”可知,第二空指到达火车站(小地点),应用arrive at。故选A。
◇题型 02 完形填空中的介词考查
典|例|精|析
典例2As we all know, Fan Zhongyan’s Memorial to Yueyang Tower (岳阳楼记) is very famous. In it, he wrote, “Be the first to bear the country’s hardship (艰辛), and the last to 1 its comfort.” This saying has been passed down to this day.
Fan Zhongyan’s early life was very 2 . His father died when he was only two years old. Fan Zhongyan and his mother became 3 . His mother got married again, but they still could not improve their lives.
Young Fan Zhongyan loved school, but the family was so poor that they could not even 4 the writing brushes and paper. In order to practice writing, he had to write in sand 5 sticks.
When he was a little older, Fan Zhongyan had the 6 to study in a temple. He did not have too much food, but he survived. A small pot of porridge dried up. Then he 7 it into four pieces, two for breakfast and two for supper (晚餐). 8 he was always hungry, he carried on studying.
Fan Zhongyan set himself learning goals every day. If he did not complete the 9 for the day, he would stay up late. When he was too tired to keep his eyes open, he would wash his face with cold water and then 10 studying.
After years of studying, Fan Zhongyan became a very learned person.
1.A.enjoy B.admire C.support D.refuse
2.A.exciting B.real C.boring D.hard
3.A.active B.careful C.homeless D.famous
4.A.bring B.afford C.produce D.choose
5.A.on B.with C.at D.for
6.A.effort B.report C.chance D.victory
7.A.repaired B.polluted C.judged D.divided
8.A.Because B.Though C.Since D.Unless
9.A.task B.skill C.rule D.advice
10.A.care for B.give up C.keep on D.put off
【答案】
1.A 2.D 3.C 4.B 5.B 6.C 7.D 8.B 9.A 10.C
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了北宋文学家范仲淹早年的艰苦求学经历:幼年丧父、家贫买不起纸笔、在寺庙断齑画粥苦读、每日严格完成学习任务,最终成为学识渊博的人。
1.句意:先天下之忧而忧,后天下之乐而乐。
enjoy享受;admire钦佩;support支持;refuse拒绝。根据“the last to...its comfort”可知,此处与“first to bear the country’s hardship”对应,意为“最后才享受安乐”,应用“enjoy”。故选A。
2.句意:范仲淹的早年生活非常艰难。
exciting令人兴奋的;real真实的;boring无聊的;hard艰难的。根据“His father died when he was only two years old. ”“but they still could not improve their lives”可知,父亲去世、生活没有改善,说明生活“艰难”。故选D。
3.句意:范仲淹和他的母亲变得无家可归。
active活跃的;careful仔细的;homeless无家可归的;famous著名的。根据下文“His mother got married again, but they still could not improve their lives”可知,范仲淹的母亲改嫁前,他们生活困顿,可能“无家可归”。故选C。
4.句意:家里穷得甚至连毛笔和纸都买不起。
bring带来;afford负担得起;produce生产;choose选择。根据“the family was so poor”可知,他们“买不起”纸笔。故选B。
5.句意:为了练习写字,他不得不用树枝在沙子上写。
on在……上;with用;at在;for为了。根据“write in sand...sticks”可知,是用树枝写字,应用“with”。故选B。
6.句意:当他稍微长大一点时,范仲淹有了在寺庙里学习的机会。
effort努力;report报告;chance机会;victory胜利。根据“to study in a temple”可知,是得到了学习的“机会”。故选C。
7.句意:一小锅粥干了,然后他把它分成四块。
repaired修理;polluted污染;judged判断;divided分开。根据“into four pieces”可知,是“分成”四块。故选D。
8.句意:尽管他总是很饿,但他坚持学习。
Because因为;Though尽管;Since自从;Unless除非。根据“he was always hungry, he carried on studying.”可知,前后句为让步关系,应用“Though”引导让步状语从句。故选B。
9.句意:如果他没有完成当天的任务,他就会熬夜。
task任务;skill技能;rule规则;advice建议。根据“learning goals”和“complete the...for the day”可知,是完成当天的学习“任务”。故选A。
10.句意:当他累得睁不开眼睛时,他会用冷水洗脸,然后继续学习。
care for照顾;give up放弃;keep on继续;put off推迟。根据“studying”和“then...studying”可知,是洗脸后“继续”学习。故选C。
方|法|提|练
步骤1:判断介词的功能
根据空格前后的名词/代词/动词,判断介词需体现的核心功能(时间、地点、对象/目的),不同功能对应固定范围的介词,无需盲目选择。
例:• 表时间 → in/on/at(in 2026、on Sunday、at 8:00)• 表地点 → in/at/on(in Beijing、at the shop、on the desk)• 表对象 → to/for(give a pen to me、make a card for her)
步骤2:判断是否需要固定搭配
当空格前是动词、名词(如look、good、time、way)时,优先考虑介词的固定搭配,多数动词、名词需搭配特定介词,不可随意替换。
• 搭配规则:
1. 动介搭配:动词后接固定介词,体现特定含义
例:擅长 → be good at;期待 → look forward to;到达(大地点)→ arrive in
2. 名介搭配:名词后接固定介词,补充语义
例:在早上 → in the morning;乘公交 → by bus;关于 → a book about English
步骤3:验证逻辑合理性
“介词+名词/代词/动名词”的结构,本质是补充说明前面的动词、名词或后面的名词,需确保介词的功能、搭配与题干语义一致,无逻辑矛盾。
例:• arrive in Shanghai → 介词in表地点(大地点),搭配arrive,语义为“到达上海”,通顺。• be good at swimming → 介词at是固定搭配,后接动名词swimming,语义为“擅长游泳”,通顺。
中考高频考点总结
动介搭配+高频介词 at/be good at、look at;to/look forward to、give sth. to sb.;in/arrive in、in the morning
地点介词 大地点用in(in China)、小地点用at(at the station)、表面用on(on the desk)
时间介词 年/月/季节用in、具体日期/星期用on、具体时刻用at
◇题型 03 语法填空的介词考查
典|例|精|析
典例3
Do you know about traditional Chinese painting? It has 1 long, rich history and is well known throughout the world.
Traditional Chinese painting is one of the 2 (old) art traditions in the world. Painting in the traditional style is known 3 “guó huá” in Chinese, meaning ‘national’ or ‘native painting’. Traditional painting uses almost the same skills as Chinese calligraphy (书法). Beginners often start by 4 (try) simple lines first and moving with a brush dipped in black ink or coloured paints.
There are three main subjects of Chinese painting. From the Six Dynasties (222-589) to the Tang Dynasty (618-907), great 5 (artist) like Gu Kaizhi and Wu Daozi slowly built the basic rules for figure (人物) painting. Landscape (风景) painting began to be popular during the Sui Dynasty (581-618) and Tang Dynasty. This happened because 6 the work of Wang Wei. Then, in the Five Dynasties period (907-960), different styles of landscape painting started—these styles were different because they 7 (come) from different places. Around the 9th century, flower-and-bird painting was not only part of decorative art but also became a new type of painting on 8 (it) own. Nowadays, modern painters often mix several colors on one brush or mix their colors with black ink. As a result, they can get more natural and richly varied colors.
Traditional Chinese painting 9 (be) not that difficult to draw. It allows you to show your imagination 10 (free). Would you like to have a try?
【答案】
1.a 2.oldest 3.as 4.trying 5.artists 6.of 7.came 8.its 9.is 10.freely
【解析】本文介绍了中国传统绘画,包括其历史、特点、主要绘画主题以及现代绘画的发展,鼓励读者尝试中国传统绘画。
1.句意:它有着悠久而丰富的历史,闻名于世。根据“long, rich history”可知,此处表示泛指一段悠久而丰富的历史,且long以辅音音素开头,因此用不定冠词“a”修饰。故填a。
2.句意:中国传统绘画是世界上最古老的艺术传统之一。根据“one of the...art traditions in the world”可知,此处为“one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数”结构,表示“最……之一”,因此用“old”的最高级“oldest”。故填oldest。
3.句意:传统风格的绘画在中文中被称为“国画”,意思是“民族的”或“本土的绘画”。根据“is known...‘guó huá’ in Chinese”可知,此处表示被称为“国画”,因此用介词“as”表示“作为”。故填as。
4.句意:初学者通常从尝试简单的线条开始,用蘸有黑墨水或彩色颜料的画笔移动。根据“by”可知,此处为“by doing sth.”结构,表示“通过做某事”,因此用“try”的动名词形式“trying”。故填trying。
5.句意:从六朝(222-589)到唐朝(618-907),像顾恺之和吴道子这样的伟大艺术家逐渐建立了人物画的基本规则。根据“great...like Gu Kaizhi and Wu Daozi”可知,此处表示像顾恺之和吴道子这样的伟大艺术家,因此用“artist”的复数形式“artists”。故填artists。
6.句意:这是因为王维的作品。根据“because...the work of Wang Wei”可知,此处表示因为王维的作品,因此用介词“of”构成“because of”表示“因为、由于”。故填of。
7.句意:然后,在五代时期(907-960),出现了不同风格的风景画——这些风格之所以不同,是因为它们来自不同的地方。根据“in the Five Dynasties period (907-960)”可知,此处描述的是过去发生的事情,因此用一般过去时,“come”的过去式是“came”。故填came。
8.句意:大约在9世纪,花鸟画不仅成为装饰艺术的一部分,而且成为一种独立的新型绘画。根据“on...own”可知,此处为“on one’s own”结构,表示“独立地”,因此用“it”的形容词性物主代词“its”。故填its。
9.句意:中国传统绘画画起来并不难。根据“Traditional Chinese painting...not that difficult to draw.”可知,此处描述的是客观事实,因此用一般现在时,主语“Traditional Chinese painting”为第三人称单数,因此be动词用“is”。故填is。
10.句意:它可以让你自由地表达你的想象力。根据“show your imagination”可知,此处表示自由地表达你的想象力,因此用“free”的副词形式“freely”修饰动词“show”。故填freely。
方|法|提|练
一、 解题核心逻辑
1. 语境优先,定位介词的“前后呼应”
核心原则:介词的选择90%以上都能在上下文找到直接线索(动词、名词、语义场景)。
操作方法:
1. 向前找:空格前的动词(look、arrive、be)、名词(time、place、way)会提示固定搭配的介词,锁定可选范围。
2. 向后找:空格后的时间、地点、人物、事物名词,会解释介词的语义功能(表时间、地点、对象等),缩小选择范围。
3. 全段找:关注介词搭配的“原词复现”或“同义结构”,这是中考完形填空最常见的考点。
示例:本文第5空 look ____ the map,后文紧接着出现“to find the way to the park”,直接提示此处表“查看”,应填at,这就是典型的“语境呼应”。
2. 语法辅助,判断介词的“功能与搭配”
功能判断:
表时间:若后面是年/月/季节/泛指早中晚,用in(如in 2026、in summer);是具体日期/星期,用on(如on Monday);是具体时刻,用at(如at 7:30)。
表地点:若后面是大地点(国家、城市),用in(如in China);是小地点(车站、门口),用at(如at the bus stop);是物体表面,用on(如on the desk)。
结构判断:
介词后面必须接名词、代词或动名词(doing),不能接动词原形;若空格后是动词原形,直接排除介词选项。
3. 搭配验证,确保介词的“合理使用”
固定搭配:积累常见的介词短语,如 look at(查看)、be good at(擅长)、in the morning(在早上)、by bike(乘自行车)、listen to(听)、arrive in(到达大地点)。
逻辑搭配:确保所选介词符合生活逻辑和语义逻辑,如 arrive in Shanghai(上海是大地点,不用at)、on Sunday(具体星期,不用in),搭配符合介词基本用法场景。
二、 实战解题步骤
1. 通读全文,标记介词线索
快速浏览全文,圈出所有出现的动词、名词(如 look、arrive、morning、Beijing、bus、map),建立“搭配线索库”,为后续定位介词搭配做准备。
2. 逐空分析,锁定语境依据
对每个空格,先看前后文是否有介词搭配线索或语义提示。例如:
第1空 We will meet ____ 9 o'clock tomorrow:结合语境,“9 o'clock”是具体时刻,常用介词at修饰,故填at。
第2空 She is good ____ playing the piano:空格前是固定搭配be good,后文是动名词playing,提示此处填at,符合固定搭配规则。
3. 语法检查,确认功能/结构正确
填完答案后,回头检查介词的使用是否正确:
介词的功能是否匹配(表时间/地点/对象,与后文名词属性一致),如“in the park”(表地点,匹配park)。
介词后是否接名词、代词或动名词,无接动词原形的错误(如good at playing,非good at play)。
4. 代入验证,通读全文流畅性
将所有答案填入空格,完整读一遍,确保:
介词与前后动词、名词的搭配自然,无固定搭配错误(如listen to music,非listen music)。
整个文段的语义连贯,介词的功能(时间/地点/对象)符合上下文场景。
三、 高频考点总结
介词搭配复现 关注上下文出现的介词固定搭配或同义结构,直接选择。 第2空 be good at 与前文出现的 be good at 搭配复现。
时间/地点介词 根据后文名词属性(时间/地点类型)判断介词。 in+年/月、on+星期、at+时刻;in+大地点、at+小地点。
固定搭配 积累常见动介、名介搭配,直接对应选择。 look at、by bus、in the morning(中考高频搭配)。
语境推理 根据上下文语义场景,判断介词功能(时间/地点/对象)。 结合“找地图”场景,确定look后填at。
数词
目 录
第一部分 考情精析 锁定靶心 高效备考
第二部分 重难考点深解 深度溯源 扫清盲区
【考点01】基数词
【考点02】序数词
【考点03】数词的用法
第三部分 解题思维优化 典例精析+方法提炼+变式巩固
【题型01】语法选择/单项填空中的数词考查
【题型02】完形填空的数词考查
【题型03】语法填空的数词考查
核心考向聚焦
基数词与序数词的转换及实际应用是考查重点,在各地中考中频繁出现。数词与名词、介词的搭配、概数与确数的区分及分数、倍数的表达也有涉及,但相对比重较小。
关键能力与思维瓶颈
关键能力:掌握基数词、序数词(尤其不规则拼写)的核心规则、两者之间的准确转换,以及分数、倍数、日期、编号的标准表达方法,能在语境中精准运用数词。需通过分类记忆突破。熟练区分概数与确数(如three hundred与hundreds of、two thousand与thousands of),掌握数词与名词、介词的常用搭配,清晰掌握数词在统计、描述中的应用规则。需强化应用规则。
培优瓶颈:主要受中文思维干扰,忽略数词拼写规则(尤其序数词不规则变化)及概数与确数的用法差异;同时,数词规则记忆碎片化,分数、倍数的表达掌握不牢,在语篇综合题中易失分。需强化语境判断与归类记忆。
命题前瞻与备考策略
预测:2026年中考中,在语篇中灵活考查基数词与序数词的转换、分数及倍数表达。将更注重真实情境下的应用。数词侧重在日期表达、编号(如Page 5)、分数及统计图表描述等真实语境中,考查基数词与序数词的准确转换与应用,结合名词搭配的考查概率上升。
策略:备考应放弃对孤立数词规则的死记硬背,转向 “规则归类”与“应用强化” 。重点训练: 1. 紧扣真题,建立数词分类错题本(序数词不规则拼写、概数与确数区分、分数倍数表达错误),强化在完形填空和语境中判断数词用法的能力。 2. 熟记数词特殊拼写(如twelfth、thirtieth),专项练习日期、编号、分数等高频应用题型,并与图表描述类写作结合训练,提升综合应用能力。
◇考点 01 基数词
1. 表示数目的多少的词叫基数词。
2. 基数词的构成。
数字
变化规律
基数词
1~12
没有变化规律,需特殊记忆
one、two、three、four、five、 six、seven、eight、nine、ten、eleven、twelve
13~19
这些词以teen结尾
thirteen、fourteen、fifteen、 sixteen、 seventeen、eighteen、nineteen
20~90 (其中整十的数字)
这些词以ty结尾
twenty、thirty、forty、fifty、 sixty、seventy、eighty、ninety
其他两位数
十位与个位之间用英文连字符“-”
twenty-two、thirty-one
100~900 (其中整百的数字)
1~9的数字+ hundred
one hundred、two hundred
其他三位数
1~9的数+ hundred+and+ 几十几
one hundred and ninety-nine、
one hundred and one、
three hundred and twenty-five
整千的数字
1~9的数字+ thousand
one thousand、two thousand
注意:hundred、 thousand等前面有具体数字修饰时,后面不能加-s。表示约数时,词尾要加-s, 并与
of连用。如: hundreds of数以百计的。
◇难点hundred与hundreds of区别
典例 About ________ people took part in the sports meeting last week.
A.five hundred B.five hundreds C.five hundred of D.hundreds
【答案】A
【详解】句意:大约有五百人参加了上周的运动会。
考查数词用法。five hundred五百;five hundreds错误表达(hundred后不加 s);five hundred of “……中的五百个(人);hundreds数百(常与 of 连用)。hundred前有具体数字时,用单数形式,且不与 of 连用。故选A。
1.—How many students are there in your class?
—________. Forty boys and thirty-five girls.
A.Seventy-five B.Seventy-fifth C.The seventy-five D.The seventy-fifth
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——你们班有多少名学生?—— 七十五名。四十名男生,三十五名女生。
考查数词。Seventy-five七十五,基数词;Seventy-fifth第七十五,序数词;The seventy-five(表述错误,基数词表示数量时无需加定冠词 the);The seventy-fifth第七十五,序数词。根据“How many students”可知,此处询问学生的数量,需用基数词直接回答即可。故选A。
2.Four and seven is ________.
A.ten B.eleven C.twelve D.thirteen
【答案】B
【详解】句意:四加七等于十一。
考查数词和数字运算。ten十;eleven十一;twelve十二;thirteen十三。根据“Four and seven is”可知,四加七等于十一,故选B。
3.There are 30 students in the art club. One third are boys. So, the club has ________ girls.
A.10 B.20 C.30 D.40
【答案】B
【详解】句意:艺术俱乐部有30名学生。三分之一是男孩。所以,这个俱乐部有20个女孩。
考查数词。根据“There are 30 students in the art club. One third are boys.”可知,艺术俱乐部有30名学生,三分之一是男孩,剩余20人是女孩,故选B。
4.There are ________ solar terms (节气) in a year.
A.twenty-four B.twentieth-four C.the twenty-four D.the twentieth-fourth
【答案】A
【详解】句意:一年有二十四个节气。
考查基数词的表达。twenty-four二十四,基数词,表达正确;twentieth-four表达错误,序数词只变个位数;the twenty-four二十四,the一般在序数词前;the twentieth-fourth第二十四个,表达错误,只需要个位数变序数词。根据“There are...solar terms (节气) in a year.”可知,这里说一年有二十四个节气,用基数词。故选A。
5.There are ________ students in our class, twenty girls and twenty-five boys.
A.forty B.forty-five C.fifty D.fifty-five
【答案】B
【详解】句意:我们班有45个学生,20个女生,25个男生。
考查数词。forty40;forty-five45;fifty50;fifty-five55。根据“twenty girls and twenty-five boys”可知,一共45个学生,故选B。
◇考点 02 序数词
1. 表示事物的先后顺序的词称为序数词。
2. 序数词的构成。
构成方法
示例
一般情况在基数词后加-th 构成相应的序数词
four—fourth, thirteen—thirteenth
整十数的序数词的构成是将基数词词尾的y变为ie,再加-th
twenty—twentieth, forty—fortieth
两位及两位以上的基数词变为序数词时,仅将个位数变成序数词
twenty-one—twenty-first,
one hundred and fifty-three—one hundred and fifty-third
特殊情况特殊记
one—first, two—second, three—third, five—fifth, eight—eighth, nine—ninth, twelve—twelfth
注意:基数词变序数词的规则:一、二、三特殊记 (first、second、 third), th 从四起 (序数词尾都有th), 八去t, 九去 e (eighth, ninth), f来把ve替(fifth), ty变为tie ( 整 十 的数词),然后再加th (twentieth), 想要变为几十几,只变个位就可以。
3. 序数词的用法。
(1) 序数词在使用时一般在前面加上定冠词the,但当序数词前有物主代词等修饰时,不再加定冠词。
如: The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. 黄河是中国的第二长河。
Today is her ninth birthday. 今天是她九岁的生日。
(2) 序数词前可以加上不定冠词a或an,用来表示“再一;又一”。如:
I can have a third try. 我可以再试一次。(表示这将是第三次尝试)
◇难点序数词前面用a/an
典例 —Although I have failed three times, I will have a ________ try.
—Failure is the mother of success. I will be with you all the way.
A.fourth B.third C.second
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——尽管我已经失败了三次了,但是我将再试一次。——失败是成功之母。我会一直陪着你。
考查序数词用法。fourth第四;third第三;second第二。根据“Although I have failed three times”可知已经失败了三次,因此是第四次尝试,“不定冠词a +序数词”,意为“再一次,又一次”。故选A。
1.I live on the ________ floor of the building.
A.twenty B.twentieth C.twentyth D.twenty first
【答案】B
【详解】句意:我住在这栋楼的第二十层。
考查序数词用法。twenty二十,基数词;twentieth第二十,序数词;twentyth错误拼写;twenty first第二十一,书写不规范。表示楼层顺序时应用序数词,且“第二十”的正确拼写是twentieth。故选B。
2.My brother is ________ years old. Today is his ________ birthday.
A.twelve; twelve B.twelve; twelfth C.twelfth; twelve D.twelfth; twelfth
【答案】B
【详解】句意:我哥哥十二岁了。今天是他第十二个生日。
考查数词用法。twelve十二;twelfth第十二。根据“My brother is…years old. Today is his…birthday.”可知,第一空表示年龄,用基数词;第二空表示“第几个生日”,用序数词。故选B。
3.How time flies! Nearly three years has passed since we met each other for the ________ time.
A.one B.first C.a D.an
【答案】B
【详解】句意:时间过得真快啊!自从我们第一次见面,差不多三年已经过去了。
考查数词用法。one一,基数词;first第一,序数词;a一个,不定冠词;an一个,不定冠词。“for the+序数词+time”是固定搭配,意为“第……次”,此处表示“第一次”,应用first。故选B。
4.It is well-known that February is the ________ month of the year.
A.first B.second C.sixth D.seventh
【答案】B
【详解】句意:众所周知,二月是一年中的第二个月。
考查序数词。first第一;second第二;sixth第六;seventh第七。根据常识,二月是一年中的第二个月。故选B。
5.Tomorrow is my mother’s _________ birthday. I want to buy a special gift for her.
A.fourty B.the fortieth C.fortieth D.forty
【答案】C
【详解】句意:明天是我母亲的第四十个生日。我想给她买一个特别的礼物。
考查序数词的用法。fourty错误表达;the fortieth第四十;fortieth第四十;forty四十。根据“Tomorrow is my mother’s...birthday.”可知,空处指“第四十个生日”,需用序数词表示“第四十”,且前面有所有格“my mother’s”,无需冠词。故选C。
◇考点 03 数词的用法
1. 表示编号。在表示有编号的事物时,可用基数词,也可用序数词,但表现形式不同。如:
Room 577/Room No. 577 第577号房间
the No. 16 Middle School 第十六中学
Book Four/the Fourth Book 第四册书
two nine zero two three two nine one 电话号码29023291
one three eight Zhongshan Road 中山路138号
2. 表示时刻。
(1) 表示整点, 用“钟点数 + o’clock”来表示 (o’clock常省略)。如:
five(o’clock)五点 (5:00)
(2) 表示半点, 用“钟点数 + thirty”或“half + past + 钟点数”表示。如:
six thirty/half past six 六点半(6:30)
(3) 表示几点几分,用“钟点数+分钟数”表示。半小时内,也可以用“分钟数+past+钟点数”表示。超过半小时,也可以用“60- 分钟数 + to + 下一个钟点数”表示。如:
eight seven/seven past eight 八点过七分 (8:07)
seven fifty/ten to eight 八点差十分 (7:50)
3. 表示分数。分子用基数词,分母用序数词。当分子大于 1 时,分母用复数。如:
three fourths/three quarters 3/4 one third/ a third l/3
1¹/ ₂hours一个半小时(读作: one and a half hours)
2³/₄metres 二又四分之三米(读作: two and three-fourths metres)
◇难点:分数表达法
典例 In our class ________ of the students ________ girls.
A.third fifths, is B.third fifth, are C.three fifth, is D.three fifths, are
【答案】D
【详解】句意:在我们班里,五分之三的学生是女生。
考查分数表达及主谓一致。分数表达规则:分子用基数词,分母用序数词,分子大于1时,分母加-s。因此“五分之三”应为three fifths。主语“of the students”中心词是复数名词students,谓语动词用复数are。故选D。
1.—How do you say “1: 57” in English?
—It is ________.
A.three past two B.three past one C.three to one D.three to two
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——“1:57”用英语怎么说?——差三分到两点。
考查时间的表达。three past two两点过三分;three past one一点过三分;three to one差三分到一点;three to two差三分到两点。根据所学可知,1:57可表示为差三分到两点,故选D。
2.Tom is in Grade ________ and Class ________.
A.Nine; Five B.Ninth; Fifth C.Nine; Fifth D.Ninth; Five
【答案】A
【详解】句意:汤姆在九年级五班。
考查基数词与序数词的用法。Nine九;Five五;Ninth第九;Fifth第五。在英语中,表示“几年级几班”时,用“Grade+基数词”和“Class+基数词”来表示,是固定表达,即“Grade Nine”和“Class Five”,两个空都需用基数词。故选A。
3.The building was built _______.
A.at 1960 B.in the 1960 C.in the 1960s D.at the 1960
【答案】C
【详解】句意:这座建筑建于20世纪60年代。
考查时间表达。at 1960表达错误,年份前用介词in;in the 1960错误表达,在某年,不加冠词the;in the 1960s二十世纪六十年代;at the 1960错误表达,年份前用介词in,且不加冠词。分析选项可知,C选项表述正确。故选C。
4.It’s hard to imagine this lady has already been in her ________.
A.fifty B.fiftieth C.fifties D.fifteen
【答案】C
【详解】句意:很难想象这位女士已经五十多岁了。
考查年龄表达法。fifty五十;fiftieth第五十;fifties五十多岁;fifteen十五。根据语境可知,此处表示“在五十多岁”这一年龄段,英语中常用“in one’s+整十基数词复数形式”表示“在某人几十多岁时”。故选C。
5.________ of the land is covered with water on the earth.
A.Three fourth B.Three fourths C.Third four D.Third fourths
【答案】B
【详解】句意:地球表面的陆地被水覆盖了四分之三。
考查分数表达法。英语中分数表达规则为:分子用基数词,分母用序数词;分子大于1时,分母加-s。因此正确表达应为“Three fourths”。故选B。
◇题型 01 单项填空中的数词考查
典|例|精|析
典例1Linda will be ________. Her parents are going to have a special party for her ________ birthday at the weekend.
A.twenty; the twentieth B.twenty; twentieth
C.twentieth; twentieth D.twentieth; twenty
【答案】B
【详解】句意:琳达将要二十岁了。她的父母打算在周末为她的二十岁生日举办一个特别的派对。
考查基数词和序数词的用法。twenty二十;twentieth第二十。表示“年龄”用基数词,所以第一空用“twenty”;表示“第……个生日”用序数词,“twentieth”是“twenty”的序数词形式,且前面有“her”修饰,不用加“the”。故选B。
方|法|提|炼
1.明确数词基本用法规则,规避形式陷阱:数词分为基数词(表数量)和序数词(表顺序),两者形式有固定区别,基数词直接用原形(如 “one”“five”“thirty”),序数词需变形(如 “first”“fifth”“thirtieth”),即使表数量大于1,序数词仍用单数形式(如 “the second book”,非 “the two books”)。若选项中序数词未变形(如 “five lesson” 表顺序)、基数词误用变形形式(如 “oneth”),直接排除;仅特殊情况(如 “twenty-first”“thirty-second” 等几十几的序数词,只变个位)需单独记忆。
2.区分基数词与序数词的功能,避免功能混淆:当选项同时出现基数词(如 “three”)和其对应序数词(如 “third”)时,根据题干语义判断:表“数量多少”用基数词(“three pens” 三支钢笔),表“顺序、等级、第几”用序数词(“the third pen” 第三支钢笔)。若题干强调 “顺序属性”(如出现 “the”“lesson”“floor” 等提示词),排除基数词选项。
3.结合语境逻辑,验证数词合理性:若剩余选项难区分,结合题干语义、提示词(如 “of”“more than”“less than”)判断:如 “____ of the students are boys”(表部分比例)与 “____ students are boys”(表具体数量),前者需用分数/百分数数词(如 “Two thirds”),后者需用基数词(如 “Twenty”);再如 “He lives on the ____ floor”,结合“楼层”表顺序的语境,确定用序数词 “fifth”,而非基数词 “five”。
变|式|巩|固
变式1—Hi, Andy! There are ________ floors in this building.
—Which floor do you live on? I live on the ________ floor.
A.thirty; twenty-second B.thirty; twenty-two C.thirtieth; twenty-two
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——嗨,安迪!这栋楼有三十层楼。——你住在哪一层?我住在第二十二层。
考查基数词和序数词的用法。thirty三十;twenty-second第二十二;twenty-two二十二;thirtieth第三十。第一空表示楼层数量,需用基数词thirty;第二空表示顺序,且前有定冠词the,需用序数词twenty-second。故选A。
变式2 —Peter, how old is your father this year?
—________. And we just had a party for his ________ birthday last weekend.
A.Fortieth; the fortieth B.Forty; fortieth
C.Forty; forty D.Forty; the fortieth
【答案】B
【详解】句意:—— 彼得,你爸爸今年多大了?—— 四十岁。上周末我们刚为他的四十岁生日举办了派对。
考查数词。Forty 四十,基数词,表数量;fortieth第四十,序数词,表顺序;the fortieth第四十,the+序数词。第一空回答年龄,用基数词Forty;第二空修饰“birthday”,表示“第四十个生日”,用序数词fortieth,且其前有形容词性物主代词“his”,无需加定冠词the。故选B。
◇题型 02 词语运用/根据所给词的适当形式填空中的数词考查
典|例|精|析
典例2My grandpa is in his but still very strong and healthy. (seventy)
【答案】seventies
【详解】句意:我的爷爷七十多岁了,但仍然非常强壮健康。in one’s+整十数的复数形式表示“在某人几十多岁时”,seventy的复数形式为seventies,故填seventies。
变|式|巩|固
变式1 students will take part in the final of the memory competition. (twelfth)
【答案】Twelve
【详解】句意:将有12名学生参加记忆比赛的决赛。此处应用基数词修饰名词students,表示数量。twelfth的基数词是twelve“十二”。故填Twelve。
变式2 All the relatives and friends came to the party to celebrate my sister’s (twenty) birthday.
【答案】twentieth
【详解】句意:所有的亲戚朋友都来参加聚会庆祝我妹妹的二十岁生日。根据“sister’s ... birthday”可知,表示“几岁生日”时,应用序数词。“twenty”对应的序数词为“twentieth”。故填twentieth。
◇题型 04 语法填空中的名词考查
典|例|精|析
典例4 According to a report in Nature in January 2026, 1 small group of very smart dogs has amazed researchers. These dogs can learn the names of new objects just by 2 (listen) to people talk—and this is something only young children usually do.
3 most dogs, who only understand simple orders like “sit” or “stay”, these gifted dogs can remember hundreds of toy names. Researchers tested ten such dogs. After they watched their owners chat with friends about new toys, seven 4 (ten) of the dogs could find the correct ones. This showed they could learn names just by listening 5 (quiet). Even more surprisingly, most of them still knew the toys even when they 6 (hide) in closed boxes that you couldn’t see through.
But how do they do it? 7 (science) don’t fully know yet. What they do know is that these dogs give us a special chance 8 (understand) how animals—not humans—can pick up language-like skills. And this discovery is important because it shows that animal thinking is much 9 (difficult) to understand than people thought before. In fact, dogs may understand words not just by training, 10 by paying close attention to human conversations—just like children do.
【答案】
1.a 2.listening 3.Unlike 4.tenths 5.quietly 6.were hidden 7.Scientists 8.to understand 9.more difficult 10.but
【解析】
本文主要讲述了一群非常聪明的狗让研究人员感到惊讶,这些狗可以通过听人们说话来学习新物体的名字,并且介绍了相关实验以及该发现的重要意义。
1.句意:根据2026年1月《自然》杂志的一篇报道,一小群非常聪明的狗让研究人员感到惊讶。根据“small group of very smart dogs”可知,此处表示一小群狗,“a small group of”表示“一小群”,故填a。
2.句意:这些狗只需听人们说话就能学会新物体的名字——这是通常只有小孩子才能做到的事情。根据“by”可知,此处用“by doing sth.”表示“通过做某事”,因此用“listen”的动名词形式“listening”。故填listening。
3.句意:与大多数只能理解“坐下”或“留下”等简单命令的狗不同,这些有天赋的狗能记住数百个玩具的名字。根据“most dogs, who only understand simple orders like ‘sit’ or ‘stay’, these gifted dogs can remember hundreds of toy names.”可知,前后句为转折关系,因此用介词“Unlike”表示“与……不同”,句首首字母大写。故填Unlike。
4.句意:在他们观察主人与朋友谈论新玩具后,十分之七的狗能够找到正确的玩具。根据“seven...of the dogs”可知,此处表示十分之七的狗,“十分之七”用“seven tenths”表示。故填tenths。
5.句意:这表明它们可以通过安静地倾听来学习名字。根据“listening”可知,此处用副词修饰动词,因此用“quiet”的副词形式“quietly”表示“安静地”。故填quietly。
6.句意:更令人惊讶的是,即使把它们藏在看不见的密闭盒子里,它们中的大多数仍然认识这些玩具。根据“Even more surprisingly, most of them still knew the toys even when they...in closed boxes that you couldn’t see through.”可知,此处描述的是过去发生的事情,且主语“they”与“hide”之间是被动关系,因此用一般过去时的被动语态“were hidden”。故填were hidden。
7.句意:科学家们还不完全清楚。根据“don’t fully know yet”可知,此处缺少主语,且谓语动词“don’t”为原形,因此主语为复数,“science”的复数形式为“scientists”,表示“科学家们”,句首首字母大写。故填Scientists。
8.句意:他们所知道的是,这些狗给了我们一个特殊的机会来了解动物——而不是人类——如何掌握类似语言的技能。根据“give us a special chance...how animals—not humans—can pick up language-like skills.”可知,此处表示特殊的机会来做某事,因此用“chance to do sth.”表示“做某事的机会”,用“understand”的动词不定式形式“to understand”。故填to understand。
9.句意:这一发现很重要,因为它表明动物思维比人们以前认为的更难理解。根据“much”和“than”可知,此处用形容词的比较级形式,“difficult”的比较级为“more difficult”。故填more difficult。
10.句意:事实上,狗可能不仅通过训练来理解单词,而且通过密切关注人类对话来理解单词——就像孩子一样。根据“not just by training...by paying close attention to human conversations”可知,此处表示“不仅……而且……”,用“not just...but...”表示。故填but。
方|法|提|练
步骤1:判断数词的功能
根据题干语义和提示词(如the、floor、lesson、数量词等),判断数词需体现的功能(表数量用基数词,表顺序用序数词),明确数词的选择范围。
例:表数量(3个苹果)→ 3 apples(3是基数词,表具体数量)• 表顺序(第三个苹果)→ the third apple(third是序数词,表第几)
步骤2:判断数词的正确形式
确定数词功能后,根据数词类型(基数词/序数词),判断其正确形式,序数词需按规则变形,基数词直接用原形
变形规则:
1. 基数词:无论数量大小,均用原形(1-10:one、two…ten;几十:twenty、thirty;几十几:twenty-one、thirty-five)
例:5本书 → 5 books;23个学生 → 23 students;100元 → 100 yuan
2. 序数词:需变形,核心规则的基础变形+特殊变形结合
例:第一 → first;第五 → fifth;第十 → tenth;第二十一 → twenty-first;第三十 → thirtieth
步骤3:验证逻辑合理性
“数词+名词”(表数量)或“the+序数词+名词”(表顺序)的结构,本质是用数词修饰名词,需确保数词的功能、形式与题干语义一致,无逻辑矛盾。
例: He has 5 pens → 5是基数词,表数量,修饰pens,语义为“他有5支钢笔”,通顺。• She is in the 3rd grade → 3rd是序数词,表顺序,前面加the,修饰grade,语义为“她在三年级”,通顺。
中考高频考点总结
基数词表数量 数词用原形,后接可数名词复数(数量≥2) 5 books(5是基数词,book用复数);20 days(20是基数词,day用复数)
序数词表顺序 数词需变形,前面必加the(特殊情况除外) the 2nd floor(第二层楼);the 10th lesson(第十课)
几十几的序数词 只变个位,十位用基数词原形 twenty-first(第21);thirty-third(第33)
分数表达 分子用基数词,分母用序数词,分子≥2时分母变复数 two thirds(三分之二);one fourth(四分之一)
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专题01 介词与数词
介词
目 录
第一部分 考情精析 锁定靶心 高效备考
第二部分 重难考点深解 深度溯源 扫清盲区
【考点01】介词的基本用法
【考点02】介词短语及固定用法
第三部分 解题思维优化 典例精析+方法提炼+变式巩固
【题型01】语法选择/单项填空中的介词考查
【题型02】完形填空中的介词考查
【题型03】语法填空的介词考查
核心考向聚焦
介词词义辨析(尤其近义介词)及固定搭配是考查重点,在各地中考中频繁出现。介词与时态、句式的结合应用、介词短语的辨析及用法也有涉及,但相对比重较小。
关键能力与思维瓶颈
关键能力:掌握常用介词(in/on/at/for/with/by等)表时间、地点、方式、原因等的核心规则,以及近义介词(如between/among、across/through)的语境辨析方法,能在语境中准确选择合适的介词。需通过场景分类记忆突破。熟练掌握介词与动词、名词、形容词的高频固定搭配(如look for、be interested in),清晰区分易混介词短语的含义及用法(如in front of与in the front of)。需强化搭配应用训练。
培优瓶颈:主要受中文思维干扰,中文无对应介词体系,易出现介词漏用、误用或搭配错误;同时,介词规则记忆碎片化,近义介词的语境区分不清晰,固定搭配记忆不牢固,在语篇综合题中易失分。需强化语境判断与固定搭配归类记忆。
命题前瞻与备考策略
预测:2026年中考中,在语篇(完形填空、语法填空、短文改错)中灵活考查介词词义辨析、固定搭配及语境应用。将更注重真实情境(如日常交流、短文叙述、活动介绍)下的介词选择,结合时态、句式的综合考查概率上升。侧重在时间、地点、方式等具体语境中,考查近义介词的辨析及固定搭配的准确运用(如by bus与on foot)。
策略:备考应放弃对孤立介词规则的死记硬背,转向 “搭配归类”与“语境应用” 。重点训练: 1. 紧扣真题,建立介词分类错题本(近义介词辨析、固定搭配易错点、语境误用案例),强化在完形填空和短文语境中判断介词用法的能力。 2. 熟记介词高频固定搭配(如take care of、in a hurry),专项练习语篇类介词题型,并与短文填空、语境写作结合训练,提升综合应用能力。
◇考点 01 介词的基本用法
考向1 时间介词
介词
用法
示例
on
①用在具体的某一天前或特定某一天的上午/下午/晚上前
on June 1st on a cold winter morning
②用在星期、节日前
on Saturday on Children's Day
in
①用在某个世纪、年份、月份、季节或泛指的上午、下午或晚上前
in the 21st century in the 1980s in 2022 in July in spring
in the morning/afternoon/evening
②“in+一段时间”表示在一段时间之后,用于将来时
in a few days
at
①用在具体的时刻或正午、黎明、黄昏、午夜前
at 8:00atnoonatmidnight
②用于年龄前
at the age of 15
during
在……期间
during the summer holiday
after
①用于将来时,表示“……之后”,后接时间点
The room will be empty after seven o'clock.
②用于过去时,表示“……之后”,后接以过去为起点的时间段
Uncle Tom graduated from his college after 3 years.
before
在……之前
She must finish all the work before ten o'clock.
since
后接表示过去的时间点,或表示过去时间点的时间状语从句,常用于现在完成时
Mr. Li has taught math in this school since2003.
for
后接时间段,表示动作的延续,主句常用现在完成时或一般过去时
We haven't seen each other for years.
until/till
“到……时;直到……为止”,表示动作持续到某一时间结束
They must practice playing the piano until/till 10 o'clock.
The boys didn't go to bed until 12 o'clock last night.
by
by+时间点,表示“不迟于……(not later than)”,常用于过去完成时
They had seen four English films by the end of last week.
考向2 方位介词
1.on, in, at与to
介词
含义及用法
示例
on
表示“在……(的表面)上”(即:)
on the desk on the wall
表示A地位于B地的外部且接壤
(即:)
Hunan Province lies onthe west of Jiangxi Province. (湖南省同江西省接壤)
in
表示“在(大地方)”、“在……内部”或“在……范围之内”(即:)
in China in the north in the box
表示A地属于B地(即:)
Taiwan lies in the southeast of China.(台湾是中国的一部分)
at
表示“在(小地方)”或“在……附近,旁边”(即:)
at the door at the airport
at the station at Park Street
to
表示“到……”
This road leads to London.
表示“在……范围之外”,即A、B两地不接壤(即:)
Japan lies to the east of China. (日本在中国的范围之外,且和中国不接壤)
2.over, under, above与below
介词
含义及用法
例句
over
表示“在……正上方”,两者不接触
We can build a bridge over the river.
under
表示“在……正下方”,两者不接触
My cat is lying under the chair.
above
表示“在……上方”,两者不接触,不一定垂直
The plane is flying above the clouds.
below
表示“在……下方”,两者不接触,不一定垂直
The coat reaches below the knees.
3.其他常见方位介词
介词
含义
例句
around
绕着
She put some flowers around her bed.
四处,在……周围
I went out and had a walk around.
along
顺着;沿着……
They walked back along the riverside.
outside
在……外面
The car was still outside the building.
inside
在……里面
There was a telephone inside the office.
behind
在……后面
Li Lei is behind the door.
beside
在……旁边
Come and sit beside me.
into
到……里面,进入
Come into the house.
near
在……附近
My home is near the school.
opposite
与……相对;在……对面
Their house is almost opposite ours.
考向3 方式介词
介词
用法
示例
by
by+表示交通工具的单数名词,且名词前不加任何修饰词
by plane by bus by subway
“by+名词/动名词”表示凭借某种工具或手段
by hand by selling flowers
in
in+封闭的交通工具,且名词前有限定词
Alan goes to work in his sister's car.
in+某种材料/语言/声音等
in English
on
on+开放型或大型交通工具,且名词前有限定词;固定搭配除外,如:on foot
My father goes to work on a bus every morning.
表示通过网络、电话、收音机、电视等
They talked on the phone and made a deal.
with
表示“用;以;借助于”,其后常接具体的工具
I wrote the letter with a pen.
考向4 其他介词
介词
含义及用法
例句
about
关于(某人或某事)
At the museum, I learned a lot about robots.
大约;此处当副词讲,后接数词
There are about six books in my bag.
across
在……对面
There is a big park across from the supermarket.
在……各处;遍及
across the world
against
反对,违反;倚,靠
No shouting, please!It's against the rules.
与……比赛
I am in our school team and we are going to play against another school next week.
as
作为;以……身份
She works as a teacher.
像,如同,跟……一样
He speaks English as an Englishman.
except
除了……之外(没有),不包括后面所提到的人或物
Everyone is very happy except Tina.
for
因为,由于
Thank you for helping me.
为了(表目的)
They went out for a walk.
给(对象、用途等)
I'm writing a poem for Grandma.
赞成(常与系动词be连用)
I think you'll be for my opinion.
from
来自;源于;出自(表示来源)
This gift is from my friend.
从……(到……)(表示幅度或范围)
The store is openfrom8 a.m. to 10 p.m.
使免遭;使免受(表示防止)
He tried to keep himself from falling.
like
相似,类似,像
She was like a princess in a fairy tale.
例如,比如
Jane likes many sports,like running and swimming.
像……一样
Let me talk to you like a teacher.
under
低于,少于,在……以下(表示数量、年龄等)
Children under 5 can travel at half price.
through
通过;以,凭借;贯穿;自始至终
You can only achieve success through hard work.
with
和……在一起,和,同
She came to school with her classmates.
有,具有
There is a girl with a red hat under the tree.
随着,由于
With the development of society, people pay more attention to their health.
without
没有,缺乏
He found the place without any difficulty.
不和……在一起;无……相伴
Don't go without your parents!
不(做某事),无
He left without saying anything.
besides
除……之外,还有……
Besides Beijing, I have been to Shanghai.
among
在……之间(三者及三者以上)
The woman who is standing among the students is Lily's mother.
between
在……之间(两者);常用词组:between…and…
I will be back between five and six.
towards
朝;向;对着
She stood up and walked towards him.
◇难点方位介词in/on/ to
典例 China lies ________ the west of Japan and ________ the east of Asia.
A.in; to B.to; in C.on; to
1.The key ________ success is to choose a right goal, plan your path and then get started.
A.about B.to C.of D.by
2.My father usually goes to work ______ bike, but he went to work ______ foot today because his bike was broken.
A.by; on B.on; by C.by; by D.on; on
3.The road ________ success is not that easy, but we can make it ________ working hard.
A.to; past B.of; for C.to; by D.of; by
4.—Do you know the teacher ________ a pair of glasses?
—Yes, he is Miss Wu.
A.has B.have C.with D.in
5.—Hey, Jim, what’s wrong?
—I had a fight ________ my best friend. We haven’t talked to each other for a few weeks.
A.with B.for C.between D.about
6.Even in winter, the temperature in Guangzhou is always ________ zero, so people never feel cold all year round.
A.above B.below C.over D.under
7.—Your shirt looks nice, is it made ________ silk?
—Yes, and it’s made ________ hand.
A.from; by B.of; by C.from; for D.of; from
◇考点 02 介词短语及固定搭配
考向1 介词与动词的搭配
(1)与into搭配:
turn…into… 将……变成…… get into 进入;陷入 fall into 落入;陷入
look into 调查;观察 run into 撞上;偶然碰见 come into 进来
(2)与around搭配:
move around 四处走动;走来走去 look around 环顾四周 turn around 转身
(3)与from搭配:
hear from收到……的来信 come from来自…… die from死于……
protect…from… 保护……免受…… learn from向……学习;从……中吸取教训
(4)与with搭配:
mix…with… 把……与……混合 agree with同意 practice with 和……一起练习
talk with 和……交谈 argue with 和……争吵
(5)其他
go across穿过;横过 wait for等待 dream of梦想 belong to属于 look forward to期待;盼望
考向2 介词与形容词/v.-ed的搭配
(1)be+adj./v.-ed+about
be worried about对……担忧 be crazy about 对……着迷 be sure about确信;对……有把握
(2)be+adj./v.-ed+at
be good at擅长…… be surprised at对……感到惊奇 be angry at对……生气(对事)
(3)be+adj./v.-ed+of
be scared of 害怕…… be full of充满…… be proud of为……感到自豪
(4)be+adj./v.-ed+from
be different from与……不同 be absent from缺席…… be separated from与……分开
(5)be+adj.+for
be famous/known for 因……而著名 be thirsty for渴望 be good for对……有好处
(6)be+adj.+in
be interested in 对……感兴趣 be weak in在……方面薄弱 be rich in富于,盛产
(7)be+adj.+with
be filled with 充满…… be angry with生……的气(对人) be busy with忙于
(8)be+adj.+to
be harmful to对……有害 be similar to与……相似 be friendly/kind to对……友好
更多初中常见的“形容词/v.-ed+介词”短语详见本书“形容词短语辨析”。
考向3 介词与名词的搭配
(1)at短语:
at home 在家里 at work 在工作中
at night在晚上 at present 目前;现在
at the same time同时 at the moment 在此刻
at breakfast早餐时
(2)in短语:
in a hurry 匆忙 in order to 以便,为了
in agreement达成一致 in need 处于危难中
in person 亲自 in return作为回报
in hospital住院 in the end最后
in order井井有条,按顺序 in time及时
in fact事实上 in danger处于危险中
in one's way挡住某人的路 in some way(s)在某种程度上
in the beginning开始;起初;在开始的时候
(3)on短语:
on fire 着火 on the way在路上
on Sunday 在星期天 on business出差
on duty 值日 on foot步行
on time准时 on holiday在休假
on the other hand 另一方面 on sale在出售;减价出售
on one's way to… 在某人去……的路上
(4)by短语:
by the way顺便说一下 by accident偶然地
by hand手工 by the time到……的时候
by mistake错误地
考向4 其他常见介词相关搭配
after a while 过了一会儿
after all毕竟 after breakfast早饭后
according to根据 as usual像往常一样
be away from远离 because of因为
out of breath上气不接下气 out of control失控
such as 例如 to one's surprise令某人吃惊的是
with the help of sb. 在某人的帮助下
◇难点介词的固定搭配
典例 (25-26九年级上·天津河西·期末)Nowadays, those things which are made ________ become more and more popular among young people.
A.in hand B.with hand C.on hand D.by hand
1.I’m sorry. This letter is for you, but I opened it ______.
A.by hand B.by mistake C.in trouble D.in danger
2.Last Sunday, I took part in a charity show at our school and raised money to help the children ________.
A.in doubt B.in need C.in public D.in silence
3.The teacher is standing ______ the classroom.
A.in front of B.in the front of C.before D.after
4.—Mike can’t go to the party with us because he has to look after his sick mother.
—_________, we won’t wait for him any longer.
A.In that case B.After all C.For example D.Above all
5.—I’m sorry I can’t pick you up at the railway station ________ because of my bad cold.
—Not at all. I’ll take a taxi.
A.in person B.in public C.in general D.in silence
◇题型 01 单项填空中的介词考查
典|例|精|析
典例1The twins are similar ________ appearance but different ________ personality.
A.to; with B.in; to C.to; from D.with; in
变|式|巩|固
变式1People with pale skin look good ________ yellow and pink.
A.on B.in C.under D.between
变式2 ________ the morning of September 19th, many visitors arrived ________ the train station for a tour.
A.On; at B.On; to C.In; in D.In; at
◇题型 02 完形填空中的介词考查
典|例|精|析
典例2As we all know, Fan Zhongyan’s Memorial to Yueyang Tower (岳阳楼记) is very famous. In it, he wrote, “Be the first to bear the country’s hardship (艰辛), and the last to 1 its comfort.” This saying has been passed down to this day.
Fan Zhongyan’s early life was very 2 . His father died when he was only two years old. Fan Zhongyan and his mother became 3 . His mother got married again, but they still could not improve their lives.
Young Fan Zhongyan loved school, but the family was so poor that they could not even 4 the writing brushes and paper. In order to practice writing, he had to write in sand 5 sticks.
When he was a little older, Fan Zhongyan had the 6 to study in a temple. He did not have too much food, but he survived. A small pot of porridge dried up. Then he 7 it into four pieces, two for breakfast and two for supper (晚餐). 8 he was always hungry, he carried on studying.
Fan Zhongyan set himself learning goals every day. If he did not complete the 9 for the day, he would stay up late. When he was too tired to keep his eyes open, he would wash his face with cold water and then 10 studying.
After years of studying, Fan Zhongyan became a very learned person.
1.A.enjoy B.admire C.support D.refuse
2.A.exciting B.real C.boring D.hard
3.A.active B.careful C.homeless D.famous
4.A.bring B.afford C.produce D.choose
5.A.on B.with C.at D.for
6.A.effort B.report C.chance D.victory
7.A.repaired B.polluted C.judged D.divided
8.A.Because B.Though C.Since D.Unless
9.A.task B.skill C.rule D.advice
10.A.care for B.give up C.keep on D.put off
◇题型 03 语法填空的介词考查
典|例|精|析
典例3
Do you know about traditional Chinese painting? It has 1 long, rich history and is well known throughout the world.
Traditional Chinese painting is one of the 2 (old) art traditions in the world. Painting in the traditional style is known 3 “guó huá” in Chinese, meaning ‘national’ or ‘native painting’. Traditional painting uses almost the same skills as Chinese calligraphy (书法). Beginners often start by 4 (try) simple lines first and moving with a brush dipped in black ink or coloured paints.
There are three main subjects of Chinese painting. From the Six Dynasties (222-589) to the Tang Dynasty (618-907), great 5 (artist) like Gu Kaizhi and Wu Daozi slowly built the basic rules for figure (人物) painting. Landscape (风景) painting began to be popular during the Sui Dynasty (581-618) and Tang Dynasty. This happened because 6 the work of Wang Wei. Then, in the Five Dynasties period (907-960), different styles of landscape painting started—these styles were different because they 7 (come) from different places. Around the 9th century, flower-and-bird painting was not only part of decorative art but also became a new type of painting on 8 (it) own. Nowadays, modern painters often mix several colors on one brush or mix their colors with black ink. As a result, they can get more natural and richly varied colors.
Traditional Chinese painting 9 (be) not that difficult to draw. It allows you to show your imagination 10 (free). Would you like to have a try?
数词
目 录
第一部分 考情精析 锁定靶心 高效备考
第二部分 重难考点深解 深度溯源 扫清盲区
【考点01】基数词
【考点02】序数词
【考点03】数词的用法
第三部分 解题思维优化 典例精析+方法提炼+变式巩固
【题型01】语法选择/单项填空中的数词考查
【题型02】完形填空的数词考查
【题型03】语法填空的数词考查
核心考向聚焦
基数词与序数词的转换及实际应用是考查重点,在各地中考中频繁出现。数词与名词、介词的搭配、概数与确数的区分及分数、倍数的表达也有涉及,但相对比重较小。
关键能力与思维瓶颈
关键能力:掌握基数词、序数词(尤其不规则拼写)的核心规则、两者之间的准确转换,以及分数、倍数、日期、编号的标准表达方法,能在语境中精准运用数词。需通过分类记忆突破。熟练区分概数与确数(如three hundred与hundreds of、two thousand与thousands of),掌握数词与名词、介词的常用搭配,清晰掌握数词在统计、描述中的应用规则。需强化应用规则。
培优瓶颈:主要受中文思维干扰,忽略数词拼写规则(尤其序数词不规则变化)及概数与确数的用法差异;同时,数词规则记忆碎片化,分数、倍数的表达掌握不牢,在语篇综合题中易失分。需强化语境判断与归类记忆。
命题前瞻与备考策略
预测:2026年中考中,在语篇中灵活考查基数词与序数词的转换、分数及倍数表达。将更注重真实情境下的应用。数词侧重在日期表达、编号(如Page 5)、分数及统计图表描述等真实语境中,考查基数词与序数词的准确转换与应用,结合名词搭配的考查概率上升。
策略:备考应放弃对孤立数词规则的死记硬背,转向 “规则归类”与“应用强化” 。重点训练: 1. 紧扣真题,建立数词分类错题本(序数词不规则拼写、概数与确数区分、分数倍数表达错误),强化在完形填空和语境中判断数词用法的能力。 2. 熟记数词特殊拼写(如twelfth、thirtieth),专项练习日期、编号、分数等高频应用题型,并与图表描述类写作结合训练,提升综合应用能力。
◇考点 01 基数词
1. 表示数目的多少的词叫基数词。
2. 基数词的构成。
数字
变化规律
基数词
1~12
没有变化规律,需特殊记忆
one、two、three、four、five、 six、seven、eight、nine、ten、eleven、twelve
13~19
这些词以teen结尾
thirteen、fourteen、fifteen、 sixteen、 seventeen、eighteen、nineteen
20~90 (其中整十的数字)
这些词以ty结尾
twenty、thirty、forty、fifty、 sixty、seventy、eighty、ninety
其他两位数
十位与个位之间用英文连字符“-”
twenty-two、thirty-one
100~900 (其中整百的数字)
1~9的数字+ hundred
one hundred、two hundred
其他三位数
1~9的数+ hundred+and+ 几十几
one hundred and ninety-nine、
one hundred and one、
three hundred and twenty-five
整千的数字
1~9的数字+ thousand
one thousand、two thousand
注意:hundred、 thousand等前面有具体数字修饰时,后面不能加-s。表示约数时,词尾要加-s, 并与
of连用。如: hundreds of数以百计的。
◇难点hundred与hundreds of区别
典例 About ________ people took part in the sports meeting last week.
A.five hundred B.five hundreds C.five hundred of D.hundreds
1.—How many students are there in your class?
—________. Forty boys and thirty-five girls.
A.Seventy-five B.Seventy-fifth C.The seventy-five D.The seventy-fifth
2.Four and seven is ________.
A.ten B.eleven C.twelve D.thirteen
3.There are 30 students in the art club. One third are boys. So, the club has ________ girls.
A.10 B.20 C.30 D.40
4.There are ________ solar terms (节气) in a year.
A.twenty-four B.twentieth-four C.the twenty-four D.the twentieth-fourth
5.There are ________ students in our class, twenty girls and twenty-five boys.
A.forty B.forty-five C.fifty D.fifty-five
◇考点 02 序数词
1. 表示事物的先后顺序的词称为序数词。
2. 序数词的构成。
构成方法
示例
一般情况在基数词后加-th 构成相应的序数词
four—fourth, thirteen—thirteenth
整十数的序数词的构成是将基数词词尾的y变为ie,再加-th
twenty—twentieth, forty—fortieth
两位及两位以上的基数词变为序数词时,仅将个位数变成序数词
twenty-one—twenty-first,
one hundred and fifty-three—one hundred and fifty-third
特殊情况特殊记
one—first, two—second, three—third, five—fifth, eight—eighth, nine—ninth, twelve—twelfth
注意:基数词变序数词的规则:一、二、三特殊记 (first、second、 third), th 从四起 (序数词尾都有th), 八去t, 九去 e (eighth, ninth), f来把ve替(fifth), ty变为tie ( 整 十 的数词),然后再加th (twentieth), 想要变为几十几,只变个位就可以。
3. 序数词的用法。
(1) 序数词在使用时一般在前面加上定冠词the,但当序数词前有物主代词等修饰时,不再加定冠词。
如: The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. 黄河是中国的第二长河。
Today is her ninth birthday. 今天是她九岁的生日。
(2) 序数词前可以加上不定冠词a或an,用来表示“再一;又一”。如:
I can have a third try. 我可以再试一次。(表示这将是第三次尝试)
◇难点序数词前面用a/an
典例 —Although I have failed three times, I will have a ________ try.
—Failure is the mother of success. I will be with you all the way.
A.fourth B.third C.second
1.I live on the ________ floor of the building.
A.twenty B.twentieth C.twentyth D.twenty first
2.My brother is ________ years old. Today is his ________ birthday.
A.twelve; twelve B.twelve; twelfth C.twelfth; twelve D.twelfth; twelfth
3.How time flies! Nearly three years has passed since we met each other for the ________ time.
A.one B.first C.a D.an
4.It is well-known that February is the ________ month of the year.
A.first B.second C.sixth D.seventh
5.Tomorrow is my mother’s _________ birthday. I want to buy a special gift for her.
A.fourty B.the fortieth C.fortieth D.forty
◇考点 03 数词的用法
1. 表示编号。在表示有编号的事物时,可用基数词,也可用序数词,但表现形式不同。如:
Room 577/Room No. 577 第577号房间
the No. 16 Middle School 第十六中学
Book Four/the Fourth Book 第四册书
two nine zero two three two nine one 电话号码29023291
one three eight Zhongshan Road 中山路138号
2. 表示时刻。
(1) 表示整点, 用“钟点数 + o’clock”来表示 (o’clock常省略)。如:
five(o’clock)五点 (5:00)
(2) 表示半点, 用“钟点数 + thirty”或“half + past + 钟点数”表示。如:
six thirty/half past six 六点半(6:30)
(3) 表示几点几分,用“钟点数+分钟数”表示。半小时内,也可以用“分钟数+past+钟点数”表示。超过半小时,也可以用“60- 分钟数 + to + 下一个钟点数”表示。如:
eight seven/seven past eight 八点过七分 (8:07)
seven fifty/ten to eight 八点差十分 (7:50)
3. 表示分数。分子用基数词,分母用序数词。当分子大于 1 时,分母用复数。如:
three fourths/three quarters 3/4 one third/ a third l/3
1¹/ ₂hours一个半小时(读作: one and a half hours)
2³/₄metres 二又四分之三米(读作: two and three-fourths metres)
◇难点:分数表达法
典例 In our class ________ of the students ________ girls.
A.third fifths, is B.third fifth, are C.three fifth, is D.three fifths, are
1.—How do you say “1: 57” in English?
—It is ________.
A.three past two B.three past one C.three to one D.three to two
2.Tom is in Grade ________ and Class ________.
A.Nine; Five B.Ninth; Fifth C.Nine; Fifth D.Ninth; Five
3.The building was built _______.
A.at 1960 B.in the 1960 C.in the 1960s D.at the 1960
4.It’s hard to imagine this lady has already been in her ________.
A.fifty B.fiftieth C.fifties D.fifteen
5.________ of the land is covered with water on the earth.
A.Three fourth B.Three fourths C.Third four D.Third fourths
◇题型 01 单项填空中的数词考查
典|例|精|析
典例1Linda will be ________. Her parents are going to have a special party for her ________ birthday at the weekend.
A.twenty; the twentieth B.twenty; twentieth
C.twentieth; twentieth D.twentieth; twenty
变|式|巩|固
变式1—Hi, Andy! There are ________ floors in this building.
—Which floor do you live on? I live on the ________ floor.
A.thirty; twenty-second B.thirty; twenty-two C.thirtieth; twenty-two
变式2 —Peter, how old is your father this year?
—________. And we just had a party for his ________ birthday last weekend.
A.Fortieth; the fortieth B.Forty; fortieth
C.Forty; forty D.Forty; the fortieth
◇题型 02 词语运用/根据所给词的适当形式填空中的数词考查
典|例|精|析
典例2My grandpa is in his but still very strong and healthy. (seventy)
变|式|巩|固
变式1 students will take part in the final of the memory competition. (twelfth)
变式2 All the relatives and friends came to the party to celebrate my sister’s (twenty) birthday.
◇题型 04 语法填空中的名词考查
典|例|精|析
典例4 According to a report in Nature in January 2026, 1 small group of very smart dogs has amazed researchers. These dogs can learn the names of new objects just by 2 (listen) to people talk—and this is something only young children usually do.
3 most dogs, who only understand simple orders like “sit” or “stay”, these gifted dogs can remember hundreds of toy names. Researchers tested ten such dogs. After they watched their owners chat with friends about new toys, seven 4 (ten) of the dogs could find the correct ones. This showed they could learn names just by listening 5 (quiet). Even more surprisingly, most of them still knew the toys even when they 6 (hide) in closed boxes that you couldn’t see through.
But how do they do it? 7 (science) don’t fully know yet. What they do know is that these dogs give us a special chance 8 (understand) how animals—not humans—can pick up language-like skills. And this discovery is important because it shows that animal thinking is much 9 (difficult) to understand than people thought before. In fact, dogs may understand words not just by training, 10 by paying close attention to human conversations—just like children do.
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