内容正文:
专题01 名词与冠词
名词
目 录
第一部分 考情精析 锁定靶心 高效备考
第二部分 重难考点深解 深度溯源 扫清盲区
【考点01】名词词义辨析
【考点02】名词的数
【考点03】名词所有格
第三部分 解题思维优化 典例精析+方法提炼+变式巩固
【题型01】语法选择/单项填空中的名词考查
【题型02】词语运用/首字母填空中的名词考查
【题型03】完形填空的名词考查
核心考向聚焦
词义辨析是考查重点,在各地中考中频繁出现。名词的数、所有格、句法功能及词性转换也有涉及,但相对比重较小。
关键能力与思维瓶颈
关键能力:掌握可数/不可数核心规则、复数变形(尤其不规则)、所有格(‘s与of)的正确选择,以及在语境中准确辨析近义名词。需通过分类记忆突破。熟练进行基数词与序数词转换,掌握日期、编号、分数等实际应用表达,清晰区分确切数量与概数(如three hundred与hundreds of)。需强化应用规则。
培优瓶颈:主要受中文思维干扰,忽略名词可数性及固定搭配;同时,规则记忆碎片化,特殊变形掌握不牢,在综合题中易失分。需强化语境判断与归类记忆。
命题前瞻与备考策略
预测:2026年中考中,在语篇中灵活考查可数/不可数判断、词义辨析(如work/job)及所有格。将更注重真实情境下的应用。数词侧重在日期表达、编号(如Page 5)、分数及统计图表描述等真实语境中,考查基数词与序数词的准确转换与应用。
策略:备考应放弃对孤立方程式的死记硬背,转向 “建模”与“应用” 。重点训练: 1. 紧扣真题,建立名词分类错题本(可数/不可数/不规则复数),强化在完形填空和语境中判断用法的能力。 2. 熟记特殊拼写(如twelfth),专项练习日期、编号、分数等高频应用题型,并与图表描述类写作结合训练。
◇考点 01 名词词义辨析
中考高频易混易错名词梳理
1.act, action和activity
单词
意义
辨析
act
行为,行动
通常指单一的、个人的、具体的行为
action
行动,措施
通常指时间较长的持续动作和行为,多用于词组: take action (to do sth.)
activity
活动
指人们从事的活动、工作等,多用于组: do (different) activities
2.advice和suggestion
单词
意义
辨析
advice
建议,
劝告
不可数名词,表示数量时需借助表示单位的名词piece。搭配: a piece of advice; take advice
suggestion
建议
可数名词,搭配: make a suggestion
3.cause, reason和excuse
单词
意义
辨析
cause
原因,起因,理由
造成一种事实或现象的“原因,起因”,后通常接介词of
reason
原因,起因,解释
指某事发生或做某事的原因、理由、解释,后通常接介词for
excuse
借口,理由
指为自己的行为所做的辩解
4.feeling和sense
单词
意义
辨析
feeling
感觉,感情
泛指一般的情绪,如“喜怒哀乐”,还可指对某人(物)的“态度,看法”,也可指“感受力,鉴赏力”
sense
感觉,观念,意识
多指身体上五官的感觉;还可指“观念,见识”
5.information, news和message
单词
意义
辨析
information
消息,信息,情报
指任何信息,是不可数名词
news
新闻,消息,新情况
指公众感兴趣的最新事件,是不可数名词
message
消息,音信,口信
指口头、书面、电台、电视传送的“口信、消息”等,是可数名词
6.job, work和task
单词
意义
辨析
job
工作,职业
指一项具体的工作,是可数名词
work
工作,作品
指“工作,劳动”时,是不可数名词;指“作品,著作”时,是可数名词
task
任务,工作
指分配的工作,或自愿承担的艰巨的工作
7.noise, sound和voice
单词
意义
辨析
noise
噪音,吵闹声
指不悦耳的嘈杂声
sound
声音,响声
泛指自然界的一切声音
voice
嗓音,说话声
指人说话时的嗓音
8.problem和question
单词
意义
辨析
problem
问题,难题,困难
一般指社会问题,这种问题是“有待解决的”,通常与solve, work out搭配
question
问题,疑问
一般是“有待问与答的”问题,常与ask, answer连用
1.Every time I hear the song “My Motherland”, I always feel a strong ________ of pride.
A.style B.sense C.speed D.symbol
【答案】B
【详解】句意:每当我听到歌曲《我的祖国》时,我总是感到一种强烈的自豪感。
考查名词辨析。style风格;sense感觉;speed速度;symbol象征。根据句意和固定搭配“a sense of pride (自豪感)”可知,此处应选用sense。故选B。
2.Huo Siyan, a famous actress, and her beloved dog have created a new ________ at the International Dog Show in Belgium recently.
A.result B.record C.research D.reply
【答案】B
【详解】句意:著名演员霍思燕和她心爱的狗最近在比利时国际犬展上创造了一个新的纪录。
考查名词辨析。result结果;record纪录;research研究;reply回复。根据“created a new...”和“International Dog Show”可知,在犬展上应是创造新纪录。故选B。
3.—I’m afraid I can’t get the ________ of this word right.
—Don’t worry. Let me teach you how to read it slowly.
A.introduction B.education C.pronunciation D.instruction
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——恐怕我没法把这个词的发音读对。——别担心。让我教你怎么慢慢地读它。
考查名词辨析。introduction介绍;education教育;pronunciation发音;instruction指示。根据“teach you how to read it slowly”可知,答语中提到教对方如何读单词,因此空处指的是单词的读法,即发音。故选C。
4.Because of recent ________ in machine learning, robots can do different kinds of things like looking after the old.
A.purpose B.progress C.expression D.situation
【答案】B
【详解】句意:由于最近在机器学习方面的进步,机器人可以做各种各样的事情,比如照顾老人。
考查名词辨析。purpose 目的;progress 进步;expression 表达;situation 情况。根据“Because of recent...in machine learning”可知,机器人能做各种事情是因为机器学习领域取得了进展。故选B。
5.The use of China’s first home-built ocean drilling (钻探) ship shows a big ________ forward in China’s deep sea exploration.
A.trade B.flag C.purpose D.step
【答案】D
【详解】句意:中国首艘国产海洋钻探船的使用,标志着中国深海探索迈出了重要的一步。
考查名词辨析。trade贸易;flag旗帜;purpose目的;step步骤,步伐。根据“a big…forward in China’s deep sea exploration”可知,此处指“迈出重要一步”,固定搭配“a step forward”表示“向前一步、进展”,符合语境。故选D。
◇考点 02 名词的数
Point 1:可数名词复数的规则变化
易|错|提|醒
元音字母o结尾的名词变复数
小贴士:
名词词尾字母o,名词+es变复数也不多。英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿,剩下“零”也不出错。例如:
hero/heroes、 tomato/tomatoes、 potato/potatoes、 zero/zeros或zeroes
以f,fe结尾的名词变复数
以f, fe结尾的名词,多数是将f, fe变为v,再加-es。这类词可这样串联记忆:
树叶(leaf)半数(half)自己黄,妻子(wife)拿刀(knife)去割粮,架(shelf)后窜出一只狼(wolf),就像小偷(thief)逃命(life)忙。例如:leaf/leaves、 half/halves、 wife/wives、 knife/knives
Point 2:可数名词的复数的不规则变化
易|错|提|醒
1.man和woman作定语时,修饰单数名词用单数,修饰复数名词用复数,如a man teacher、 two women doctors。注意:有些名词如学科类名词maths、 physics、 politics,虽以s结尾,但不是复数形式。
2.有些名词单数与复数形式相同
单数复数不变形,特殊词语记一记。“中”“日”友好不变,“鱼”“鹿”“绵羊”来作证。例如:
Chinese、 Japanese、 fish、 deer、 sheep
3.有关国籍的复数形式构成(表示“某国人”的名词)
世界要友好,国籍要分清。中日不变,英法变,其他加-s来转变,特殊情况记心间。例如:
Chinese、 Japanese; Englishman/Englishmen、 Frenchman/Frenchmen;Indian/Indians、 American/Americans。特例:German的复数形式是Germans。
Point 3 :合成名词的复数
名词前有man 或woman 修饰,变复数,做定语man/woman和中心词都要变成复数形式
woman doctor -----women doctors
man waiter ---men waiter
二.不可数名词
(1)不能用具体数字修饰的名词是不可数名词,不可数名词没有复数形式。
(2)可数名词与不可数名词 易混归纳
名词
可数名词
不可数名词
名词
可数名词
不可数名词
experience
经历
经验
paper
报纸、文件
纸
work
作品
工作
exercise
练习
锻炼
orange
橙子
橙汁
room
房间
空间
time
词数、倍数
时间
chicken
鸡
鸡肉
glass
玻璃杯
玻璃
fish
鱼
鱼肉
light
电灯
光
life
性命
生活
易|错|提|醒
常见的不可数名词
water水,milk 牛奶;juice 果汁;powder粉,rice米饭,salt 盐,food食物,fruit水果,chocolate 巧克力,fish鱼肉,meat 肉,bread面包,paper 纸,exercise 锻炼,information 信息,news 新闻,homework 作业,hair 头发,population人口,money 钱,advice 建议
既可作可数名词又可作不可数名词的名词
名词
用作可数名词
用作不可数名词
fish
表示条数,单数复数形式相同
意为“鱼肉”
表示各种各样的鱼,fish加-es
glass
“玻璃杯”,其复数形式为glasses;glasses还可意为“眼镜”
意为“玻璃”
orange
意为“橘子;橙子”,复数加-s
意为“橙汁;橙色”
room
意为“房间”,复数加-s
意为“余地;地方;空间”
paper
意为“文件;试卷;
报纸”,复数加-s
意为“纸”
work
意为“著作”,复数加-s
意为“工作”
chicken
意为“小鸡”,复数加-s
意为“鸡肉”
light
意为“灯;灯具”,复数加-s
意为“光线”
◇难点既可数又不可数名词
典例 (24-25七年级上·湖北武汉·月考)—Do you do eye ________ every day at school?
—Yes. And we also do morning ________ to build up our body.
A.exercise; exercise B.exercises; exercise C.exercise: exercises D.exercises; exercises
【答案】D
【解析】句意:——你每天在学校做眼保健操吗?——是的。我们还会做早餐来强健身体。
考查exercise的用法。exercise表示抽象的“锻炼”概念时,是不可数名词;表示具体的“练习、体操”等时,是可数名词。空一处表示“做眼保健操”,用do eye exercises;空二处表示“做早操”,用do morning exercises。故选D。
(3)名词的数量表示和计量
①可数名词一般直接在其前加基数词表示计量。
There is also a golf course five miles away. 五英里外还有个高尔夫球场。
②可数名词前也可以用few、a few、many、a lot of、lots of、some、any、several、a(large/ great)、number of、a great many、plenty of、most等修饰词或短语来计量。
She has lived in Spain for many years. 她在西班牙已经生活多年。
③可以在不可数名词前加little、a little、much、a lot of、lots of、some、any、plenty of、a good/ great deal of、a bit of、most等修饰词或短语来计量。
There was much discussion about the reasons for the failure. 就失败的原因进行了大量的讨论。
I like some modern music. 有些现代音乐我喜欢。
④可数名词和不可数名词还可以用由单位词构成的短语来计量,
如a piece of 一片/段/块……、a cup/glass of一杯……、a bottle of一瓶……、a bag of一袋……、a box of一盒……等。
◇难点不可数名词的量化
典例(2025·天津南开·模拟预测)My father told me ________ just now.
A.two piece of news B.two pieces of new C.two news D.two pieces of news
【答案】B
【解析】句意:我爸爸刚才告诉我两条消息。
考查名词的数。news“消息”是不可数名词,没有复数形式,排除D选项。表示“几条消息”时,要用“数词+piece(s) of+news”结构,piece是可数名词,其单复数形式要根据数词来决定,two是基数词,所以piece要用复数形式。故选B。
1.In my last trip, I took many photos in ________. In the photos, you can see many ________ visiting there.
A.France; Germen B.French; Germans C.French; Germen D.France; Germans
【答案】D
【详解】句意:在我上次的旅行中,我在法国拍了许多照片。照片中可以看到许多德国人在那里游览。
考查名词。France法国;French法国的;Germen错误表达;Germans德国人,名词复数形式。根据“I took many photos in”可知,是在法国拍照,第一空应用名词France,故排除选项B和C;根据“many”可知,第二空应用名词复数形式,German“德国人”的复数形式为Germans。故选D。
2.Let’s have some________ and ________ after the basketball game.
A.chicken; egg B.chickens; egg C.chickens; eggs D.chicken; eggs
【答案】D
【详解】句意:篮球比赛结束后,我们吃些鸡肉和鸡蛋吧。
考查名词辨析。chicken鸡肉,不可数名词;egg鸡蛋;chickens鸡,可数名词。根据“Let’s have some”可知,第一空指的吃鸡肉,some接不可数名词chicken;第二空some接可数名词复数eggs。故选D。
3.Look, five ________ are feeding on the hill.
A.sheeps B.sheep C.sheepes D.the sheep
【答案】B
【详解】句意:看,五只羊正在山上吃草。
考查名词的数。根据five可知,空处用名词复数,sheep“绵羊”,单复数相同,故选B。
4.I want to have two ________ and ________ milk.
A.tomato; one B.tomatoes; some C.tomatoes; one D.tomato; some
【答案】B
【详解】句意:我想吃两个西红柿和一些牛奶。
考查名词的用法。tomato西红柿,单数形式;tomatoes,复数形式;one一;some一些。根据第一个空前的“two”可知,此处用复数形式tomatoes;根据第二个空后的“milk”为不可数名词可知,此处用some。故选B。
5.—Children may have sad feelings after some bad ________.
—Don’t worry. They can turn to some doctors with lots of ________ for help.
A.experiences; experiences B.experience; experience
C.experience; experiences D.experiences; experience
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——在一些糟糕的经历后,孩子们可能会有悲伤的情绪。——别担心。他们可以向一些有丰富经验的医生寻求帮助。
考查既可数又不可数名词。experiences经历,名词复数;experience经验,不可数名词。根据语境可知,孩子们会有悲伤情绪,可推测一空处应为在一些糟糕的经历后,some后需填名词复数,experience表示“经历”时,为可数名词,experiences为experience的复数形式,排除B和C;又因答语说别担心,可推测此处是他们可以求助有经验的医生,lots of后需填不可数名词或名词复数,experience表示“经验”时,为不可数名词,其后不能加“-s”。故选D。
◇考点 03 名词所有格
易|错|提|醒
1.'s不全是名词所有格
It looks like Lily's hat! 它看起来像Lily的帽子。(此句话中的Lily's是所有格,而不是Lily is的缩写。)
My dog is from China, but her dog's from Japan. 我的狗来自中国,但是她的狗来自日本。(此句中的dog's应是dog is的缩写,而不是名词所有格。)
2. ‘s还可以表示某人的家或者某个店铺,如:my aunt’s(我阿姨家), the doctor’s(诊所)
3.两人共有某物时,可以采用 A and B’s 的形式,如:Lucy and Lily’s bedroom(露西和丽丽合住的卧室)
4.“of+名词所有格/名词性物主代词”,称为双重所有格,
如:a friend of my father’s(我父亲的一位朋友), a friend of mine(我的一位朋友)
◇难点名词作定语
典例I called Miss Lin to ask for a ______leave because of my headache.
A.two-days B.two day’s C.two-day
【答案】C
【解析】句意:因为头痛,我打电话给林小姐请了两天假。two-day leave是两天的假,作定语,用连词符,用单数,排除A;two-day 是形容词性的合成词,two day's 是名词所有格,a two-day 修饰leave,不能用名词所有格 a two day's 限定leave。故选C。
1.It’s about 20 ________ walk.
A.minute B.minutes C.minute’s D.minutes’
【答案】D
【详解】句意:步行大约需要20分钟。
考查名词所有格。minute分钟,单数;minutes分钟,复数;minute’s分钟的,单数名词所有格;minutes’分钟的,复数名词所有格。根据“It’s about 20…”可知,基数词“20”后接复数名词,且“20分钟的路程”需用名词所有格表示所属关系,复数名词以“s”结尾的所有格直接加撇号。故选D。
2.Jane worked as a volunteer in the neighborhood with some friends of ________.
A.she B.her C.hers D.herself
【答案】C
【详解】句意:简和她的一些朋友在社区里做志愿者。
考查双重所有格结构和代词辨析。she她,人称代词;her她的,形容词性物主代词;hers她的,名词性物主代词;herself她自己,反身代词。根据“some friends of...”可知此处表示简的朋友中的一些,应用双重所有格,其结构为“限定词+n.+of+名词性物主代词/名词所有格”,故选C。
3.We have three ________ lessons in the afternoon.
A.45-minutes B.45 minutes’ C.45-minutes’ D.45 minute
【答案】B
【详解】句意:下午我们有三节45分钟的课程。
考查名词所有格。根据“three...lessons”可知,空格处作定语修饰lessons,表示“45分钟的”。minute“分钟”是可数名词,表示45分钟,minute要用复数形式,即45 minutes,名词所有格形式是45 minutes’;或用连字符复合词45-minute,连字符连接的复合词中的名词应用单数形式。故选B。
4.The brave man saved three ________ lives in the accident.
A.children’s B.children C.child D.childs’
【答案】A
【详解】句意:在这个事故中,这名勇敢的男子挽救了三个孩子的生命。
考查名词所有格。children’s孩子们的;children孩子们;child孩子;childs’错误形式。根据“The brave man saved three ... lives in the accident.”可知,此处指“三个孩子的生命”,children变名词所有格时直接加’s。故选A。
5.She is a friend of ________.
A.mine sister B.I sister’s C.my sister’s D.me sister’s
【答案】C
【详解】句意:她是我妹妹的一个朋友。
考查双重所有格。mine sister错误表达;I sister’s错误表达;my sister’s我妹妹的;me sister’s错误表达。根据“a friend of”可知,此处用双重所有格“a friend of sb’s”,表示“某人的朋友”。故选C。
◇题型 01 单项填空中的名词考查
典|例|精|析
典例1(25-26九年级上·黑龙江绥化·期中)—Maria, have a look at what’s in the fridge.
—Only two ________ and three ________.
A.tomatoes, bread B.tomatoes, pieces of bread C.tomato, pieces of bread
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——玛丽亚,看看冰箱里有什么。——只有两个西红柿和三片面包。
考查名词。 tomatoes西红柿,复数;bread面包,不可数名词;pieces of bread片/块面包,表示数量; tomato西红柿,单数。第一空,tomato“西红柿”,可数名词,前有two修饰,用复数形式tomatoes;第二空,bread“面包”,是不可数名词,不能直接用数词修饰,可以用量词修饰,piece“片”,是可数名词,其前有three修饰,用复数形式pieces,three pieces of bread表示“三片面包”。故选B。
方|法|提|炼
1.明确a/an辨析规则,规避发音陷阱:不定冠词a/an的选择以后面单词的发音为核心,而非拼写。以元音音素开头的单词前用an(如 “an apple”“an hour”),以辅音音素开头的单词前用a(如 “a book”“a university”)。若选项中出现“an+辅音音素开头单词”(如 “an useful pen”)或“a+元音音素开头单词”(如 “a egg”),直接排除;仅特殊发音单词(如 “honest”“hour”,首字母不发音,以元音音素开头)需单独记忆。
2.区分特指与泛指用法,避免冠词误用:当选项同时出现定冠词the和不定冠词a/an(或零冠词)时,根据题干语境判断:表泛指(任意一个、一类人/物)用a/an;表特指(双方熟知、有后置定语修饰、独一无二的事物等)用the;表泛指的复数名词、三餐、球类、学科前用零冠词。若题干中有明确指代标志(如this、that、后置定语、上文提及),排除a/an和零冠词选项;若表“任意一个”,排除the选项。
3.结合固定搭配逻辑,验证冠词合理性:若剩余选项难区分,结合冠词高频固定搭配及题干语义判断:如 “play the piano”(乐器前用the)与 “play football”(球类前用零冠词)、“in the morning”(特指某天早上)与 “in morning”(错误表达)。根据搭配规则,排除不符合固定搭配的选项;若无明确搭配,结合语境判断是否表特指,进一步锁定正确答案。
变|式|巩|固
变式1(25-26九年级上·甘肃张掖·期中)Many foreigners came to our school last week, including three ________ and four ________.
A.Germans; Americans B.Germen; American C.Germans; American D.Germen; Americans
【答案】A
【详解】句意:上周许多外国人来我们学校,包括三个德国人和四个美国人。
考查名词复数形式辨析。Germans德国人(复数),Americans美国人,(复数);Germen (错误形式),American美国人,(单数);Germans德国人,(复数);American美国人(单数);Germen (错误形式),Americans美国人(复数)。根据句意,此处需表示多个德国人和多个美国人,因此必须用复数形式。German的复数形式为Germans,不是Germen,American的复数形式为Americans。选项A同时使用正确复数形式。故选A。
变式2 (20-21八年级上·辽宁营口·期中)Can you give me ________ on it?
A. some pieces of advices B.any piece of advices
C.any piece of advice D.some pieces of advice
【答案】D
【详解】句意:你能给我一些建议吗?
考查不可数名词和不定代词。advice“建议”为不可数名词,没有复数形式,排除A、B;表示“一些”时,some常用于肯定句或期望得到肯定回答的疑问句,而any常用于否定和疑问句中。本句为寻求建议的疑问句,符合使用some的情境,故选D。
◇题型 02 词语运用/首字母填空中的名词考查
典|例|精|析
典例2(25-26九年级上·江苏泰州·期末)This necklace no one came to get back must be that famous (act). Please send it back to her right away.
【答案】actress’s
【详解】句意:这条没人来取的项链一定是那个著名的女演员的。请马上寄还给她。根据“her”可知,此处是指项链是女演员的项链,actress“女演员”,空处应填名词所有格形式actress’s。故填actress’s。
方|法|提|练
步骤1:判断名词的数
若数词(如30、5等)≥2,可数名词必须用复数形式。
例:• 10分钟 → 10 minutes(minute是可数名词,10≥2,用复数)• 2天 → 2 days
步骤2:判断是否需要所有格
当“数词+名词”用来修饰后面的名词(表示“……的”)时,需用名词所有格。
• 所有格规则:
1. 单数名词/不以s结尾的复数名词:加“'s”
例:1小时的步行 → 1 hour's walk;5个孩子的玩具 → 5 children's toys
2. 以s结尾的复数名词:直接加“'”
例:30分钟的步行 → 30 minutes' walk;20天的假期 → 20 days' holiday
步骤3:验证逻辑合理性
“数词+名词所有格+名词”的结构,本质是用“数词+名词”修饰最后一个名词,需确保语义为“(数词+名词)的(最后一个名词)”。
例:• 30 minutes' walk → (30分钟)的(步行),语义通顺。
中考高频考点总结
数词+可数名词+名词 复数+以s结尾的所有格(加') 2 hours' ride(2小时车程)
数词为1+可数名词+名词 单数+所有格(加's) 1 day's work(1天的工作)
不可数名词(如time) 无复数,直接加's 3 years' time(3年时间)
变|式|巩|固
变式1 (25-26九年级上·江苏扬州·月考)The young man would rather give up the chance than take those advice. (direct)
【答案】directors’
【详解】句意:这个年轻人宁愿放弃这个机会,也不愿采纳那些主管们的建议。根据“advice”可知,此处需要表达 “主管们的建议”,要用名词所有格形式,结合“those”,应用复数形式,direct“指导”,动词,其名词复数形式是directors,以s结尾的复数名词的所有格直接加’,故填directors’。
变式2 (25-26九年级上·江苏泰州·月考)Could you tell me when the film about that famous (music) life will be shown?
【答案】musician’s
【详解】句意:你能告诉我这部关于那位著名音乐家生平的电影什么时候上映吗?“music”意为“音乐”,是名词;这里说的是“那位著名音乐家的生平”,需要用“音乐家”的单数形式“musician”;而此处要表达所属关系“音乐家的” ,所以要用“musician”的所有格形式“musician’s”。故填musician’s。
◇题型 03 完形填空的名词考查
典|例|精|析
典例3
Li Shizhen: A Great Master of Medicine
Li Shizhen is a well-known medical scientist of the Ming Dynasty. He is regarded 1 a great master of medicine in China. Throughout his life, he put all his heart into medicine, only to save the dying and treat the 2 .
Li was born in 1518 in Hubei. Both his grandfather and father were doctors. Li’s grandfather was a country doctor who 3 from place to place with a bag of herbs (药草). Such doctors were called Lingyi (bell doctors), because they could tell people about their arrival by 4 a bell. Li’s father was also a famous 5 in their local area.
From childhood, Li went to the mountains with his father to pick herbs. Because of this, he 6 a wide knowledge of animals, plants and medicine. 7 Li’s father hoped his son could get a government job, Li failed the exam three times. He then turned his attention to 8 .
At the age of 33, Li became famous for curing Prince Zhu Houkun’s son. A few years later, he was 9 to work at the Imperial Medical Institute (太医院) in Beijing. During that time, he read many ancient medical texts, and noticed a 10 in the naming and categorization (分类) of herbs. To deal with the problem, he decided to leave his job and 11 himself into writing a book about herbs.
After that, Li travelled to many places and got much first-hand 12 . He also read hundreds of medical books and collected different kinds of herbs. 13 27 years of efforts, his first draft (初稿) of Ben Cao Gang Mu was completed in 1578. The book is 14 detailed and well-organized, and it is considered one of the greatest scientific 15 of the Ming Dynasty. And this book was reprinted many times and five of the original editions are now still kept in China, Japan, and the USA.
1.A.for B.as C.by D.to
2.A.rich B.weak C.sick D.old
3.A.traveled B.stayed C.learned D.flew
4.A.selling B.breaking C.ringing D.making
5.A.doctor B.farmer C.teacher D.worker
6.A.gave up B.turned up C.used up D.picked up
7.A.Because B.If C.Although D.When
8.A.art B.medicine C.nature D.sports
9.A.expected B.invited C.ordered D.allowed
10.A.rule B.story C.plan D.mess
11.A.throw B.give C.push D.make
12.A.translation B.difference C.introduction D.experience
13.A.During B.Before C.Until D.After
14.A.nearly B.recently C.highly D.closely
15.A.achievements B.movements C.expressions D.inventions
【答案】
1.B 2.C 3.A 4.C 5.A 6.D 7.C 8.B 9.B 10.D 11.A 12.D 13.D 14.C 15.A
【解析】本文是一篇人物传记,核心讲述了明代医学大师李时珍的一生。
1.句意:他被视为中国的一位伟大的医学大师。
for为了;as作为;by通过;to到。be regarded as“被视为”,是固定短语,故选B。
2.句意:他一生都全身心投入医学,只为救死扶伤。
rich富有的;weak虚弱的;sick生病的;old老的。根据“save the dying and treat the...”可知,此处指给病人治疗,the sick意为“病人”,故选C。
3.句意:李时珍的祖父是一位乡村医生,他背着药草包四处奔走。
traveled旅行,奔走;stayed停留;learned学习;flew飞。根据“from place to place with a bag of herbs”可知,背着药草包四处奔走,故选A。
4.句意:这样的医生被称为铃医,因为他们可以通过摇铃来告知人们他们的到来。
selling卖;breaking打破;ringing摇、敲响;making制作。根据“a bell”可知,此处指摇铃,故选C。
5.句意:李时珍的父亲也是当地一位著名的医生。
doctor医生;farmer农民;teacher老师;worker工人。根据“Both his grandfather and father were doctors.”可知,父亲也是医生,故选A。
6.句意:正因为如此,他掌握了广博的动植物及医药知识。
gave up放弃;turned up出现;used up用完;picked up逐渐掌握、习得。根据“a wide knowledge of animals, plants and medicine”可知,此处指逐渐掌握了丰富的知识,故选D。
7.句意:虽然李时珍的父亲希望他的儿子能得到一份政府工作,但李时珍三次考试都失败了。
Because因为;If如果;Although虽然;When当……时候。根据“Li’s father hoped his son could get a government job, Li failed the exam three times.”可知,前后是让步关系,用although引导让步状语从句,故选C。
8.句意:然后他把注意力转向了医学。
art艺术;medicine医学;nature自然;sports运动。根据“he put all his heart into medicine”可知,李时珍转向医学,故选B。
9.句意:几年后,他被邀请到北京的太医院工作。
expected期望;invited邀请;ordered命令;allowed允许。根据“to work at the Imperial Medical Institute (太医院) in Beijing”可知,是被邀请到太医院工作,故选B。
10.句意:在那段时间里,他读了许多古代医学文献,并注意到草药命名和分类十分混乱。
rule规则;story故事;plan计划;mess混乱,问题。根据“in the naming and categorization (分类) of herbs”以及“To deal with the problem”可知,此处指注意到草药命名和分类十分混乱的问题,故选D。
11.句意:为了解决这个问题,他决定辞去工作,全身心投入到写一本关于草药的书上。
throw扔;give给;push推;make制作。throw oneself into“投身于”,是固定短语,故选A。
12.句意:之后,李时珍到许多地方旅行,获得了许多第一手经验。
translation翻译;difference不同;introduction介绍;experience经验。根据“Li travelled to many places”可知,通过旅行获得第一手经验,故选D。
13.句意:经过27年的努力,他的《本草纲目》初稿于1578年完成。
During在……期间;Before在……之前;Until直到;After在……之后。根据“27 years of efforts, his first draft (初稿) of Ben Cao Gang Mu was completed in 1578.”可知,此处指经过27年的努力之后,初稿才最终完成,故选D。
14.句意:这本书内容非常详细,组织得很好,被认为是明朝最伟大的科学成就之一。
nearly几乎;recently最近;highly高度地;closely紧密地。根据“detailed and well-organized”可知,此处指内容高度详细,故选C。
15.句意:这本书内容非常详细,组织得很好,被认为是明朝最伟大的科学成就之一。
achievements成就;movements运动;expressions表达;inventions发明。根据“The book is...detailed and well-organized, and it is considered one of the greatest scientific...of the Ming Dynasty.”可知,《本草纲目》详实且体系完备,此处指它被视作明朝最伟大的科学成就之一,故选A。
方|法|提|练
一、 解题核心逻辑
1. 语境优先,定位名词的“前后呼应”
• 核心原则:名词的选择90%以上都能在上下文找到直接线索。
• 操作方法:
1. 向前找:空格前的冠词(a/an/the)、数词(one/two/three)、形容词(delicious/small)会提示名词的单复数和属性。
2. 向后找:空格后的介词(of/for/with)、定语从句或同位语会解释名词的具体含义。
3. 全段找:关注名词的“原词复现”或“同义替换”,这是中考完形填空最常见的考点。
• 示例:本文第2空 using some ____,后文紧接着出现 stealing a candy,直接提示此处应填 candies,这就是典型的“原词复现”。
2. 语法辅助,判断名词的“数与格”
• 单复数判断:
◦ 若前面有 some, many, a lot of 等词,可数名词必须用复数,如第2空 some candies。
◦ 若前面有 a, an, one 等词,名词必须用单数,如 a candy。
• 所有格判断:
◦ 当名词需要表示“……的”来修饰另一个名词时,要使用所有格,如之前学过的 30 minutes' walk。
3. 搭配验证,确保名词的“合理使用”
• 固定搭配:积累常见的名词短语,如 farm party(农场派对)、bus ride(车程)、wallet(钱包)与 leave 搭配(leave one's wallet at home)。
• 逻辑搭配:确保所选名词符合生活逻辑,如 cupcakes(纸杯蛋糕)和 candies(糖果)的搭配就符合“装饰食物”的场景。
二、 实战解题步骤
1. 通读全文,标记名词线索
快速浏览全文,圈出所有出现的名词(如 party, cupcakes, sheep, candy, wallet, road),建立“名词库”,为后续复现做准备。
2. 逐空分析,锁定语境依据
对每个空格,先看前后文是否有名词复现或提示。例如:
◦ 第1空 her ____ spring farm party:结合语境,“春季农场派对”是一个活动,常用 annual(一年一度的)或 first(第一次的)来修饰,也可填 special(特别的)。
◦ 第2空 using some ____:后文出现 candy,且 some 修饰可数名词复数,故填 candies。
3. 语法检查,确认单复数/所有格
填完答案后,回头检查名词的形式是否正确:
◦ 可数名词前有 many, some 时,是否用了复数(如 candies)。
◦ 名词所有格的形式是否正确(如 minutes')。
4. 代入验证,通读全文流畅性
将所有答案填入空格,完整读一遍,确保:
◦ 名词与前后动词、形容词的搭配自然。
◦ 整个故事的逻辑连贯,情感变化合理。
三、 高频考点总结
名词复现 关注上下文出现的原词或近义词,直接选择。 第2空 candies 与后文 candy 原词复现。
单复数变化 根据 some, many, a 等修饰词判断名词单复数。 some candies(some 修饰复数)。
固定搭配 积累常见名词短语,如 farm party, leave one's wallet at home。 leave her wallet at home(固定搭配)。
语境推理 根据情节发展选择符合逻辑的名词。 road(乡间小路)符合“开车去派对”的场景。
◇题型 04 语法填空中的名词考查
典|例|精|析
典例4I was pushed into writing the “top ten problems the young face” after I attended a school programme, where I had the opportunity to interact with many 1 (teenage). Each conversation was only adding one more item 2 the list of problems.
About two thirds of girls in year nine to year twelve “worry about their 3 (appear)”. 4 there were no gender (性别) differences in worries about school, girls are 5 (anxiety) about getting along with parents and what to do when they are older.
Girls are proven to worry more about personal problems and romantic relationships, and are more 6 (concern) about their own images in peer group. In fact, the only thing 7 boys worry about more than girls is succeeding in their physical activities.
8 parents need to do is to look at ways to help teens and take responsibility for what we are exposing our teens to right now. We cannot afford 9 (ignore) the parental duties of bringing them up well from the time they are young.
Televisions, computers and other gadgets that they spend most of the time with cannot give them 10 bright future.
【答案】
1.teenagers 2.to 3.appearance 4.Although/Though/While 5.anxious 6.concerned 7.that 8.What 9.to ignore 10.a
【解析】本文作者在一次学校项目的经历后,总结了年轻人面临的前十大问题,重点分析了女孩与男孩在担忧方面的差异,并呼吁父母承担起正确引导青少年的责任。
1.句意:我有机会与许多青少年进行交流。根据文章“interact with many...”的语境及括号内词“teenage”提示,此处应填入表示“青少年”的名词复数形式,故填teenagers。
2.句意:每次交谈都只是为问题列表增添了一个新项目。根据文章“adding one more item... the list”的搭配,固定短语add... to... 表示“添加……到……”,故填to。
3.句意:大约三分之二的九年级到十二年级的女孩“担心她们的外貌”。根据前文“worry about their...”及括号内“appear”的提示,此处需用其名词形式,故填appearance。
4.句意:尽管在学业方面的担忧没有性别差异,但女孩对与父母相处以及未来该做什么感到焦虑。根据“there were no gender differences...”与'‘girls are...”的让步关系可知,需用连词引导让步状语从句,故填Although/Though/While。
5.句意:尽管在学业方面的担忧没有性别差异,但女孩对与父母相处以及未来该做什么感到焦虑。根据“are... about...”及括号内“anxiety”提示,需用形容词形式作表语,故填anxious。
6.句意:事实证明,女孩更担心个人问题和恋爱关系,也更在意自己在同龄群体中的形象。根据“are more... about their own images”及括号内“concern”提示,be concerned about为固定短语,故填concerned。
7.句意:事实上,唯一一件男孩比女孩更担心的事情是在体育活动中取得成功。根据“the only thing... boys worry about”可知,此处引导定语从句修饰先行词the only thing且从句缺宾语,需用that引导,故填that。
8.句意:父母需要做的是寻找帮助青少年的方法,并为我们目前让青少年接触的东西承担责任。根据“... parents need to do is to look at ways...”的主语从句结构,从句中动词do缺宾语,需用连接代词What引导,故填What。
9.句意:我们承担不起从他们年幼时起就忽视好好抚养他们这一父母职责的后果。根据“We cannot afford... the parental duties”及括号内“ignore”提示,afford to do sth.为固定用法,故填to ignore。
10.句意:他们大部分时间与之相处的电视、电脑和其他设备无法给予他们一个光明的未来。根据“cannot give them... bright future”可知,future为可数名词单数,此处为泛指,故填a。
方|法|提|练
一、 解题核心逻辑
1. 语境优先,定位名词的“前后呼应”
• 核心原则:名词的选择90%以上都能在上下文找到直接线索。
• 操作方法:
1. 向前找:空格前的冠词(a/an/the)、数词(one/two/three)、形容词(delicious/small)会提示名词的单复数和属性。
2. 向后找:空格后的介词(of/for/with)、定语从句或同位语会解释名词的具体含义。
3. 全段找:关注名词的“原词复现”或“同义替换”,这是中考完形填空最常见的考点。
• 示例:本文第2空 using some ____,后文紧接着出现 stealing a candy,直接提示此处应填 candies,这就是典型的“原词复现”。
2. 语法辅助,判断名词的“数与格”
• 单复数判断:
◦ 若前面有 some, many, a lot of 等词,可数名词必须用复数,如第2空 some candies。
◦ 若前面有 a, an, one 等词,名词必须用单数,如 a candy。
• 所有格判断:
◦ 当名词需要表示“……的”来修饰另一个名词时,要使用所有格,如之前学过的 30 minutes' walk。
3. 搭配验证,确保名词的“合理使用”
• 固定搭配:积累常见的名词短语,如 farm party(农场派对)、bus ride(车程)、wallet(钱包)与 leave 搭配(leave one's wallet at home)。
• 逻辑搭配:确保所选名词符合生活逻辑,如 cupcakes(纸杯蛋糕)和 candies(糖果)的搭配就符合“装饰食物”的场景。
二、 实战解题步骤
1. 通读全文,标记名词线索
快速浏览全文,圈出所有出现的名词(如 party, cupcakes, sheep, candy, wallet, road),建立“名词库”,为后续复现做准备。
2. 逐空分析,锁定语境依据
对每个空格,先看前后文是否有名词复现或提示。例如:
◦ 第1空 her ____ spring farm party:结合语境,“春季农场派对”是一个活动,常用 annual(一年一度的)或 first(第一次的)来修饰,也可填 special(特别的)。
◦ 第2空 using some ____:后文出现 candy,且 some 修饰可数名词复数,故填 candies。
3. 语法检查,确认单复数/所有格
填完答案后,回头检查名词的形式是否正确:
◦ 可数名词前有 many, some 时,是否用了复数(如 candies)。
◦ 名词所有格的形式是否正确(如 minutes')。
4. 代入验证,通读全文流畅性
将所有答案填入空格,完整读一遍,确保:
◦ 名词与前后动词、形容词的搭配自然。
◦ 整个故事的逻辑连贯,情感变化合理。
三、 高频考点总结
名词复现 关注上下文出现的原词或近义词,直接选择。 第2空 candies 与后文 candy 原词复现。
单复数变化 根据 some, many, a 等修饰词判断名词单复数。 some candies(some 修饰复数)。
固定搭配 积累常见名词短语,如 farm party, leave one's wallet at home。 leave her wallet at home(固定搭配)。
语境推理 根据情节发展选择符合逻辑的名词。 road(乡间小路)符合“开车去派对”的场景。
冠词
目 录
第一部分 考情精析 锁定靶心 高效备考
第二部分 重难考点深解 深度溯源 扫清盲区
【考点01】不定冠词
【考点02】定冠词
【考点03】零冠词
第三部分 解题思维优化 典例精析+方法提炼+变式巩固
【题型01】语法选择/单项填空中的冠词考查
【题型02】语法填空中的冠词考查
【题型03】完形填空的冠词考查
核心考向聚焦
不定冠词a/an的辨析、定冠词the的用法及零冠词的应用是考查重点,在各地中考中频繁出现。冠词与专有名词、固定搭配的结合考查也有涉及,但相对比重较小。
关键能力与思维瓶颈
关键能力:掌握不定冠词a/an(元音音素与辅音音素开头单词的搭配)的核心规则、定冠词the表特指、泛指等基本用法,以及零冠词在三餐、球类、学科等场景的应用规则,能在语境中准确判断冠词的使用与否及具体类别。需通过语境归类记忆突破。熟练掌握冠词与固定搭配的搭配规则(如play the piano、in a hurry),清晰区分特指与泛指的语境差异,避免冠词漏用、误用。需强化语境应用训练。
培优瓶颈:主要受中文思维干扰,中文无冠词体系,易出现漏用、误用冠词的情况;同时,冠词规则记忆碎片化,特指与泛指的语境判断不清晰,固定搭配中的冠词记忆不牢固,在语篇综合题中易失分。需强化语境判断与固定搭配归类记忆。
命题前瞻与备考策略
预测:2026年预中考中,在语篇(完形填空、语法填空、阅读理解节选)中灵活考查a/an辨析、the的特指用法及零冠词的应用。将更注重真实情境(如日常对话、短文叙述)下的冠词选择,结合专有名词、固定搭配的考查概率上升。侧重考查语境中特指与泛指的区分,以及易混固定搭配中的冠词辨析(如in school与in the school)。
策略:备考应放弃对孤立规则的死记硬背,转向 “语境归类”与“应用强化” 。重点训练: 1. 紧扣真题,建立冠词分类错题本(a/an辨析、the的用法、零冠词场景、固定搭配易错点),强化在完形填空和短文语境中判断冠词用法的能力。 2. 熟记冠词高频固定搭配(如by bus、on the Internet),专项练习语篇类冠词题型,并与短文填空、语境写作结合训练,提升综合应用能力。
◇考点 01 不定冠词
1.基本用法
用法
示例
泛指某一类人或事物中的一个或一类
A car is a convenient mean of transportation.
It seems to be an interesting book.
泛指人或物的身份或性质
A doctor can save people's lives.
用于第一次提到的人或事物
I went to the shop and bought a watch.
用于序数词之前,表示“再一,又一”
After reading the story, he wants to read it a second time.
表示“每一”,相当于every
He goes to the supermarket three times a week.
用在某些抽象名词或物质名词前,表示“一阵、一份、一场”
a great joy a heavy rain a strong wind
2.不定冠词的常见搭配
动词词组
give a hand给予帮助 have a cold感冒 have a good/great time玩得愉快 have a picnic去野餐
have a toothache牙疼 have a try/look试一试/看一看 keep a diary记日记 make a living谋生
pay a visit to拜访 take a walk散步 take a photo拍照
介词词组
in a hurry 匆忙in a moment立刻 as a result 结果in a word 总之
其他词组
a little/few 一点儿a lot of许多 a number of许多,大量a pair/piece/group/bottle of一双/张/组/瓶
3.不定冠词a和an的区别
(1)a用在以辅音音素开头的单词前。如:He told me a very funny story.
【注意】有一些词虽然是以辅音字母开头,但是以元音音素开头,要用an。如:an honest boy, an hour
(2)an用在以元音音素开头的单词前。如:
She is an excellent student.
(3)下表是常见的以元音字母开头的单词用a/an的各种情况:
A a
an apple an artist an Asian country an American girl
E e
an exciting job a European country an egg an eight-year-old boy
an eleven-year-old boy
I i
an idea an interesting story
O o
an orange an old man an outgoing girl
U u
a useful book a university student a UFO a usual story an unhappy girl
an umbrella an ugly man an unusual day
(4)26个英文字母中,前面用an的字母要牢记:a, e, f, h, i, l, m, n, o, r, s, x。
◇难点a/an 区别
典例 She has ________ uncle who works in ________ university.
A.an; a B.a; an C.an; an D.a; a
【答案】A
【详解】句意:她有一个在大学工作的叔叔。
考查冠词用法。第一空后“uncle”以元音音素/ʌ/开头,/ʌ/为元音音素,故用“an”表泛指“一个”;第二空后“university”以辅音音素/juː/开头,故用“a”。故选A。
1.He plans to further his studies in ________ European country after graduating from senior middle school.
A.a B.an C.the D./
【答案】A
【详解】句意:他计划在高中毕业后去某个欧洲国家继续深造。
考查冠词用法。a一个(泛指);an一个(用于元音音素开头的词前);the这个/那个(特指);/不填。“European”以辅音音素/j/开头,故用不定冠词a表示泛指“一个欧洲国家”。故选A。
2.There is ________ “h” in the word “hour”, and ________ “h” doesn’t make a sound.
A.a; the B.an; the C.an; an D.a; an
【答案】B
【详解】句意:在单词“hour”中有一个“h”,并且这个“h”不发音。
考查冠词用法。第一空,字母“h”的发音为/eɪtʃ/,以元音音素开头,故用不定冠词an;第二空,特指前面提到的“h”,用定冠词the。故选B。
3.John began to ride his bike to school alone when he was ________ 11-year-old boy.
A./ B.a C.an D.the
【答案】C
【详解】句意:约翰在11岁时开始独自骑自行车上学。
考查冠词。/零冠词;a一个,用于以辅音音素开头的单词前;an一个,用于以元音音素开头的单词前;the这个/那个,表特指。此处表示“一个11岁的男孩”,且“11”的英文“eleven”以元音音素开头,应用不定冠词an。故选C。
4.—Since this year’s National Day break is ________ eight-day holiday, let’s take a trip to Mount Lu.
—Good idea! Just one question. Will it be ________ one-way trip or a round trip?.
A.an, an B.an, a C.a, an D.a, a
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——因为今年的国庆假期是一个八天的假期,我们去庐山旅行吧。——好主意!只有一个问题。是单程旅行还是往返旅行?
考查冠词用法。an一个,用于元音音素开头;a一个,用于辅音音素开头。第一空后“eight-day”以元音音素开头,故用an;第二空后“one-way”以辅音音素开头,故用a。故选B。
5.We plan to visit ______ European country and ______ African country next year.
A.a; an B.an; a C.a; a D.an; an
【答案】A
【详解】句意:我们计划明年访问一个欧洲国家和一个非洲国家。
考查不定冠词。a泛指“一个”,用于辅音音素开头的单词前;an泛指“一个”,用于元音音素开头的单词前。根据题干可知,第一个空,European是以辅音音素开头的单词,所以用a修饰;第二个空,African是以元音音素开头的单词,所以用an修饰。故选A。
◇考点 02 定冠词
1.基本用法
用法
示例
用在双方都知道的人或事物前
Give me the pen, please!
特指上文已提过的人或事物
My mother bought me a book. The book was interesting.
用在世界上独一无二的事物前
The earth moves around the sun.
用在序数词前和形容词最高级前
The second girl is the shortest, but she runs (the) fastest of all.(句中fast是副词)
用于形容词前,表示一类人或事物
The young should be polite to the old.
用于单数可数名词前,表示一类人或物
The shark is the most dangerous animal in the sea.
用于姓氏复数前,表示一家人或夫妇
The Whites are going to have a picnic tomorrow.
用在表示方位的名词前
Xinjiang lies in the northwest of China.
用在乐器前
He plays the piano very well.
用在以普通名词构成的专有名词前
the Great Wall
the Summer Palace
用在江河、湖泊、海洋、山脉、群岛等的名称前
The West Lake is very beautiful.
2.定冠词的常见搭配
介词词组
in the end最后 in the past在过去 by the way顺便说一下 at the age of在……岁时
at the same time同时 at the moment此刻,现在at the end/beginning of在……的末尾/在……开始时
the same as… 和……一样 in the morning/afternoon/evening 在早上/下午/晚上
动词词组
go to the cinema去看电影 go to the station去车站
其他词组
the number of ……的数量 all the time一直
句型
What's the matter with you?你(们)怎么了?
◇难点定冠词的固定用法
典例 At ________ age of 35, Ma Long won his 30th world champion on April 21st, 2024.
A.a B.the C.an D.\
【答案】B
【详解】句意:在35岁时,马龙获得2024年4月21日的第30届世界冠军。
考查冠词。a一,不定冠词,用于辅音音素开头的单词前;the定冠词;an一,不定冠词,用于元音音素开头的单词前;\,不填。at the age of为固定搭配,意为“在……岁时”,故用定冠词the。故选B。
1.—Do you know ________ man in black? —Yes, he’s ________ engineer from Germany.
A.the; an B.a; an C.the; a D.a; a
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——你认识那个穿黑衣服的男人吗?——是的,他是一名来自德国的工程师。
考查冠词用法。第一空特指“穿黑衣服的男人”,用定冠词the;第二空泛指“一名工程师”,且engineer以元音音素开头,用不定冠词an。故选A。
2.—The UK is ________ European country, isn’t it?
—Yes, ________ old country is famous for its museums.
A.an; an B.a; an C.a; the D.an; the
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——英国是一个欧洲国家,不是吗?——是的,这个古老的国家因其博物馆而闻名。
考查冠词用法。第一空,European以辅音音素/j/开头,表示“一个”用不定冠词a。第二空,此处特指上文提到的“英国”,使用定冠词the。故选C。
3.My brother has ________ useful book. ________ book is very interesting.
A.the; A B.an; A C.a; The D.an; The
【答案】C
【详解】句意:我哥哥有一本有用的书。这本书非常有趣。
考查冠词。第一空泛指“一本有用的书”,空后useful是以辅音音素开头,第一空用不定冠词a;第二空特指前面提到的那本书,用定冠词the。故选C。
4.—Mum, ________ book is about love from a mother bird, right?
—Yes. You really have ________ better understanding of it.
A.the; a B.the; an C.an; an D.a; a
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——妈妈,这本书是关于一只鸟妈妈的爱,对吗?——是的。你真的对它有了一个更好的理解。
考查冠词。the表特指;a一个,用在以辅音音素开头的单词前;an一个,用在以元音音素开头的单词前。分析句子可知,第一空使用定冠词the表特指,此处特指说话双方都知道的那本书;第二空泛指一个更好的理解,且better是以辅音音素开头的单词,其前应使用不定冠词a修饰。故选A。
5.—How about ________ Christmas evening party?
—I should say it was successful.
A.a B.the C.an D./
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——圣诞晚会怎么样?——我应该说它是成功的。
考查冠词用法。a一个,不定冠词表泛指,用于辅音音素开头的单词前;the定冠词表特指;an一个,不定冠词表泛指,用于元音音素开头的单词前。根据“I should say it was successful.”可知,问句中提到的圣诞晚会是双方都知道的那场晚会,表特指。故选B。
6.________ Earth goes around ________ Sun.
A.The; the B.A; a C.An; an D./; /
【答案】A
【详解】句意:地球绕着太阳转。
考查定冠词the的用法。The定冠词;An不定冠词,用于元音音素前;/零冠词。在英语中,表示世界上独一无二的事物(如地球、太阳、月亮等)时,通常要加定冠词the。句中“Earth”和“Sun”均为独一无二的天体,因此两者前均需用the。故选A。
◇考点 03 零冠词
1.基本用法
用法
示例
用于西方节日、星期、月份、季节等名词前
on Thanksgiving Day感恩节 on Monday在星期一
in May在五月 in summer在夏天
用于一日三餐、球类运动、语言、学科、棋类游戏等名词前
have lunch吃午饭 play football踢足球
in English用英语 play chess下国际象棋
复数名词泛指一类人或事物
Children like to make snowmen in winter.
用于与by连用的交通工具名词前
by car/bus/plane/subway/… 乘轿车/公交车/飞机/地铁/……
名词前有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、疑问代词或名词所有格修饰
my brother我的弟弟
that girl那个女孩
用于某些专有名词(人名、地名、国名)、物质名词、抽象名词前
live in Hong Kong住在香港
Courage is very valuable. 勇气是非常宝贵的。
【注意】我国含有“Festival”的传统节日前,要加定冠词the,如:the Spring Festival
2.零冠词的常见搭配
介词词组
at home在家 at work在上班 at first起初 at last最后 at noon在中午 at night在晚上
at once立刻 by mistake错误地 by hand手工 in danger处于危险中 in time及时
in fact 事实上 in need 需要 in order 井然有序 in space在太空 in trouble处于困境
in class在上课 for example例如 on time按时 on foot 步行 on show展览 on business 出差
动词词组
go to school/work去上学/去上班 have fun玩得开心 go to bed上床睡觉
learn by heart背诵 lose heart灰心
名词词组
day and night日日夜夜 face to face 面对面 step by step逐步地
◇难点用冠词与不用冠词的区别
典例 --- Would you like to come to my party this afternoon?
---Yes , I'd like to,but my mother is ill in ____ hospital . I will go to _____ hospital to see her.
A./ , a B.a , the
C.the, the D./ , the
【答案】D
【详解】试题分析:句意:-你想今天下午来参加我的派对吗?-是的,我想去,但是我的妈妈生病住院了。我要去医院看望她。冠词作为一种虚词,只能和名词一起使用。英语中的冠词分为不定冠词和定冠词。不定冠词有两个,a 和 an。a用在辅音开头的单词前面;an用于以元音开头的单词前。不定冠词用在单数可数名词前面,表示这个人或事物是泛指的不确定的一个,相当于中文的“一个”。定冠词和名词连用,表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。in hospital表示生病住院治疗,而in a/the hospital表示在医院里工作等。第二空后的hospital特指“my mother”治病的那所医院,该加多冠词。所以选D。
1.We go to ________ school from Monday to Friday.
A.a B.an C.the D./
【答案】D
【详解】句意:我们从周一到周五去上学。
考查冠词用法。a一个(泛指);an一个(泛指,用于元音音素开头的词前);the这个(特指);/零冠词。go to school是固定短语,意为“上学”,表示抽象的活动概念,不需要加冠词。故选D。
2.We usually have ________ dinner at 7 o’clock in the evening.
A.a B.an C.the D./
【答案】D
【详解】句意:我们通常在晚上七点吃晚饭。
考查冠词用法。a一个,表泛指,用于辅音音素前;an一个,表泛指,用于元音音素前;the这个/那个,表特指;/零冠词。根据空格后“dinner”可知,dinner指的是一日三餐中的“晚餐”,属于抽象名词表示一般概念,习惯上不加冠词。故选D。
3.In the VR game, the characters almost come to ________ life.
A.a B.an C.the D./
【答案】D
【详解】句意:在VR游戏里,人物角色几乎变得栩栩如生。
考查零冠词用法。a一个,不定冠词;an一个,不定冠词,用于元音音素开头的单词前;the定冠词;/零冠词。短语“come to life”意为“变得栩栩如生,活过来”,其中“life”前不加任何冠词。故选D。
4.Jane does exercise every morning before going to ________ work.
A.the B.a C.an D./
【答案】D
【详解】句意:简每天早上上班前都锻炼身体。
考查冠词。the定冠词,表特指;a一个,用于以辅音音素开头的单词前;an一个,用于以元音音素开头的单词前;/零冠词。“go to work”为固定搭配,意为“去上班”,中间不加冠词。故选D。
5.It is believed that travelling to Ya’an in ________ October is ________ enjoyable experience.
A./; the B.the; an C./; an D.the; the
【答案】C
【详解】句意:人们相信十月份去雅安旅行是一次愉快的经历。
考查冠词。根据题干,可知第一空表示在十月份,月份前不加冠词;第二空泛指一次愉快的经历,enjoyable是以元音音素开头的单词,所以用不定冠词an。故选C。
◇题型 01 单项填空中的冠词考查
典|例|精|析
典例It’s ________ unusual chance for Mr. Brown to get such ________ useful advice.
A.a; an B.an; / C.a; the D.an; an
【答案】B
【详解】句意:布朗先生难得有机会得到这样有用的建议。
考查冠词的用法。第一空泛指“一个”,应该填不定冠词,unusual“不寻常的”以元音音素开头,前面的不定冠词用an,故排除A、C项。第二空后的advice是不可数名词,前面不加不定冠词。故选B。
方|法|提|炼
1.三步走解题法:
① 看是否特指(双方已知、有修饰、上文提及)→ 用 the
② 若泛指,看名词是否可数单数→ 元音音素开头用 an,辅音音素开头用 a
③ 若为复数 / 不可数名词、固定搭配、学科 / 三餐等→ 用零冠词
2.高频陷阱规避:
记住 “乐器加 the,球类棋类不加”
序数词前有物主代词,不加 the
hour、honest 等 h 不发音的词,用 an 修饰
3.固定短语背诵: 重点记忆本资料中列出的冠词固定搭配,中考直接考查频率极高
变|式|巩|固
变式1Is ________ Russia ________ Asian or ________ European country?
A.the; an; a B.\; an; a C.\; an; an D.\; the; the
【答案】B
【详解】句意:俄罗斯是亚洲国家还是欧洲国家?
考查冠词的用法。the表特指,定冠词;an表泛指,不定冠词,用于以元音音素开头的单词前;a表泛指,不定冠词,用于以辅音音素开头的单词前;/表示不填,零冠词。第一空,空后Russia“俄罗斯”为国家为专有名词,前面不加冠词,排除A;第二空,空后Asian“亚洲的”,形容词,此处是指一个亚洲国家,应用不定冠词表泛指,且是以元音音素开头的单词,前应加an,排除D;第三空,空后European“欧洲的”,形容词,此处是指一个欧洲国家,应用不定冠词表泛指,且是以辅音音素开头的单词,应用a,排除C。故选B。
变式2 More and more foreign students come to China to learn ________ Chinese, because it is ________ useful language.
A./; an B.a; a C.the; an D./; a
【答案】D
【详解】句意:越来越多的外国学生来中国学习汉语,因为它是一门有用的语言。
考查冠词的用法。表示某种语言时,前面不用冠词;而useful发音是以辅音音素开头,且泛指一门有用的语言,所以用a。故选D。
◇题型 02 语法选择的冠词考查
典|例|精|析
典例3Julia was a lovely girl. She had big problems with her 1 . To learn the problems, her parents 2 her to many doctors. When Julia 3 10 months old, she had her first surgery (手术). But her situation wasn’t better.
Because of her eyes, Julia wasn’t able to control her body well. It took her much more time 4 easy things like standing up. By the time she was 15 months old, her parents were 5 and sad, because the surgeries and medicine didn’t work. And the doctor found out the problem was her corneas (眼角膜). Julia needed new corneas.
Her parents didn’t give up hope. One day, Julia’s mom found out the information about “the artificial (人工的) cornea surgery” 6 the Internet. Doing the surgery might take a risk, but they thought they should have a try for Julia. After making the decision, they took her to the doctor.
After the surgery, Julia was able to see. She began walking by 7 . She was much happier than before. Her spirit and body were much 8 . “Thanks to the doctor and the surgery, Julia is healthy now,” her mother said.
9 there was little chance, Julia’s parents didn’t give up. Their decision made a big difference to Julia’s life. They were 10 greatest parents in the world.
1.A.leg B.legs C.eye D.eyes
2.A.took B.will take C.take D.are taking
3.A.is B.are C.was D.were
4.A.learn B.to learn C.forget D.to forget
5.A.interesting B.interested C.worrying D.worried
6.A.on B.in C.for D.with
7.A.he B.himself C.she D.herself
8.A.good B.better C.bad D.worse
9.A.Though B.If C.Until D.After
10.A.a B.an C.the D./
【答案】
1.D 2.A 3.C 4.B 5.D 6.A 7.D 8.B 9.A 10.C
【解析】本文讲述了朱莉娅因眼部问题无法正常生活,父母不放弃希望,为她找到人工角膜手术并成功治愈的故事,展现了父母的爱与坚持,以及医学技术带来的改变。
1.句意:她的眼睛有严重的问题。
leg腿,单数名词;legs腿,复数名词;eye眼睛,单数名词;eyes眼睛,复数名词。根据“Because of her eyes, Julia wasn’t able to control her body well.”可知,她的问题出在眼睛上,且双眼都有问题。故选D。
2.句意:为了查明病因,她的父母带她去看了很多医生。
took带,一般过去时;will take将要带,一般将来时;take带,一般现在时;are taking正在带,现在进行时。文章整体为过去时态,“父母带她去看医生”是过去发生的动作,因此用过去式took。故选A。
3.句意:朱莉娅10个月大时,她做了第一次手术。
is是,一般现在时,单数;are是,一般现在时,复数;was是,一般过去时,单数;were是,一般过去时,复数。Julia是单数主语,“10 个月大时”是过去的时间,因此用过去式was。故选C。
4.句意:她花了更多时间学习站立这类简单的事情。
learn学习,动词原形;to learn去学习,不定式;forget忘记,动词原形;to forget去忘记,不定式。分析句子可知,此处是“ It takes sb some time to do sth”结构,意为“某人花费时间做某事”;根据“easy things like standing up”可知,应该是花时间学习站立这类简单的事情。故选B。
5.句意:到15个月大时,她的父母既担忧又难过,因为手术和药物都没有效果。
interesting有趣的,修饰事物;interested感兴趣的,修饰人;worrying令人担忧的,修饰事物;worried担忧的,修饰人。根据“her parents were...and sad”可知,父母对朱莉娅的状态感到担忧,修饰人用worried。故选D。
6.句意:一天,朱莉娅的妈妈在网上查到了关于“人工角膜手术”的信息。
on在……上;in在……里;for为了;with和……一起。on the Internet“在网上”,是固定搭配。故选A。
7.句意:她开始独自走路。
he他,主格;himself他自己,反身代词;she她,主格;herself她自己,反身代词。by oneself“独自”,是介词短语;主语是She,对应的反身代词是herself。故选D。
8.句意:她的精神和身体状态也好了很多。
good好的;better更好的,比较级;bad坏的;worse更坏的,比较级。根据“Her spirit and body were much...”可知,手术之后,精神和身体状态也好了很多,much后接形容词比较级。故选B。
9.句意:尽管可能性很小,但朱莉娅的父母并没有放弃。
Though虽然;If如果;Until直到……为止;After在……之后。根据“...there was little chance, Julia’s parents didn’t give up.”可知,虽然希望渺茫,但父母没有放弃,用Though引导让步关系。故选A。
10.句意:他们是世界上最伟大的父母。
a一个,泛指,用于辅音音素开头的单词前;an一个,泛指,用于元音音素开头的单词前;the定冠词,表特指;/零冠词。形容词最高级greatest前必须加定冠词the,表示“世界上最伟大的父母”。故选C。
方|法|提|练
1. 语境优先,定位冠词的“前后呼应”
• 核心原则:冠词的选择90%以上都能在上下文找到直接线索。
• 操作方法:
1. 向前找:空格前的名词(单数/复数、可数/不可数)、形容词(如first/only/special)会提示冠词的选择(a/an/the/零冠词)。
2. 向后找:空格后的名词属性(可数/不可数、单数/复数)、定语从句或同位语会解释名词的特指/泛指,进而确定冠词。
3. 全段找:关注名词的“原词复现”(首次出现用a/an,再次出现用the),这是中考完形填空最常见的考点。
示例:本文第3空 ____ useful book,后文紧接着出现it(指代这本书),直接提示此处表泛指且useful以辅音音素开头,应填a,这就是典型的“语境呼应”。
2. 语法辅助,判断冠词的“用法规则”
名词属性判断:
若后面是可数名词单数,表泛指用a/an(元音音素开头用an,辅音音素开头用a),如an apple、a book。
若后面是可数名词复数或不可数名词,表泛指用零冠词,表特指用the,如the books、the water。
特指/泛指判断:
- ◦ 当名词表示“特指”(双方已知、上文提及、有定语限定)时,用the;表“泛指”(任意一个、一类事物)时,用a/an或零冠词,如the girl in red、a student
3. 搭配验证,确保冠词的“合理使用”
• 固定搭配:积累常见的冠词短语,如have a good time、play the piano(乐器前用the)、in the morning、by bus(交通工具前零冠词)。
• 逻辑搭配:确保所选冠词符合语法逻辑,如a useful book(不用an,因useful辅音音素开头)、the Great Wall(专有名词前用the),符合冠词基本用法逻辑。
◇题型 04 语法填空中的冠词考查
典|例|精|析
典例4China is famous as the home of tea. Tea has been a part of 1 (China) culture since ancient times. Many tea 2 (lover) enjoy tea not just for its taste, but also for the beauty of tea art performances.
Picking tea leaves is 3 important spring activity in South China. It’s 4 (usual) in early April when the temperature begins to rise and rainfall increases. The 5 (early) tea of all is often ready before Qingming Festival. This small output of tea is called Mingqian tea.
Zhejiang Province produces different kinds of tea 6 are famous at home and abroad. For example, West Lake Longjing Tea in Hangzhou 7 White Tea in Huzhou are two major types. In spring, local hillsides are filled with tea workers working on 8 (they) land. In the peak seasons, many tourists rush to see the beautiful tea farms and enjoy 9 (drink) a cup of fresh tea.
Thousands of years ago, tea leaves 10 (make) into a delicious drink by people in China. It has traveled a long way and continues to develop, even today. Tea making skills and social practices in China were listed in the UNESCO’s Intangible Cultural Heritage (非物质文化遗产) Lists in 2022.
【答案】
1.Chinese 2.lovers 3.an 4.usually 5.earliest 6.that /which 7.and 8.their 9.drinking 10.were made
【解析】本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了茶文化在中国的历史地位、采茶习俗、浙江名茶以及制茶技艺被列入非物质文化遗产的情况。
1.句意:自古以来,茶一直是中国文化的一部分。此处修饰名词culture,作定语,需要一个形容词。China“中国”的形容词形式是Chinese“中国的”。故填Chinese。
2.句意:许多茶爱好者喜欢茶,不仅仅是因为它的味道,还因为茶艺表演之美。many“许多”后接可数名词复数。lover“爱好者”的复数形式是lovers。故填lovers。
3.句意:采茶叶是中国南方一项重要的春季活动。不定冠词后接名词短语activity。important以元音音素开头,应用不定冠词an。故填an。
4.句意:通常在四月初,气温开始上升,降雨量增加。此处修饰整个句子,需要一个副词。usual“通常的”的副词形式是usually“通常”。故填usually。
5.句意:所有茶叶中最早的茶通常在清明节前就准备好了。此处表示“所有茶叶中最早的”,是最高级的语境。early“早的”的最高级形式是earliest。故填earliest。
6.句意:浙江省生产各种在国内外都很有名的茶。此处引导定语从句,修饰先行词tea,且在从句中作主语。先行词是物,关系代词用that或which。故填that/which。
7.句意:例如,杭州的西湖龙井茶和湖州的白茶是两个主要品种。此处连接两个并列的名词短语作主语,表并列关系。and“和”是连词,符合语境。故填and。
8.句意:春天,当地的山坡上满是茶农在他们自己的土地上劳作。此处修饰名词land,需要一个形容词性物主代词。they“他们”的形容词性物主代词是their“他们的”。故填their。
9.句意:在旺季,许多游客赶来看美丽的茶园,并享受喝一杯新茶。enjoy doing sth.“享受做某事”是动词短语。drink“喝”需用其动名词形式drinking。故填drinking。
10.句意:几千年前,茶叶在中国被人们制成美味的饮品。thousands of years ago表示过去时间。主语tea leaves与动词make构成被动关系,应用一般过去时的被动语态“was/were+过去分词”结构。主语是复数,be动词用were,make的过去分词是made。故填were made。
方|法|提|练
一、 解题核心逻辑
1. 语境优先,定位名词的“特指/泛指”
• 核心原则:冠词的选择90%以上都能在上下文找到直接线索,核心是判断名词表“特指”还是“泛指”。
• 操作方法:
1. 向前找:空格前的名词(原词复现/同义替换)、代词(this/that/these/those)会提示名词是否为双方熟知的对象(特指)。
2. 向后找:空格后的介词短语(of.../on...)、定语从句或同位语会限定名词的范围(表特指),无限定则多为泛指。
3. 全段找:关注名词的“原词复现”,复现的名词再次出现时,多需用定冠词the(特指前文提到的对象),这是中考完形填空最常见的考点。
• 示例:本文第3空 ____ book,前文紧接着出现 I bought a book yesterday,直接提示此处应填 the,特指前文提到的那本书,这就是典型的“原词复现+特指”。
2. 语法辅助,判断冠词的“类型选择”
• a/an辨析:
◦ 若空格后单词以元音音素开头(无论首字母是否为元音),用an,如第1空 an hour(hour首字母不发音,元音音素开头)。
◦ 若空格后单词以辅音音素开头(无论首字母是否为元音),用a,如 a university(university首字母为元音,但发音是辅音音素开头)。
• the/零冠词辨析:
◦ 表特指(双方熟知、有限定、独一无二)时用the;表泛指的复数名词、三餐、球类、学科前用零冠词(不用冠词)。
3. 搭配验证,确保冠词的“合理使用”
• 固定搭配:积累常见的冠词固定短语,如 play the piano(乐器前用the)、play football(球类前零冠词)、in the morning(特指某天早上)。
• 逻辑搭配:确保所选冠词符合语境逻辑,如 “吃早餐” 用 have breakfast(零冠词),而 “吃今天的早餐” 用 have the breakfast(特指),符合生活逻辑。
二、 实战解题步骤
1. 通读全文,标记冠词线索
快速浏览全文,圈出所有出现的名词(如 book, hour, piano, breakfast, student),判断名词是否有复现、是否有修饰限定,建立“名词特指/泛指线索库”,为后续冠词选择做准备。
2. 逐空分析,锁定语境依据
对每个空格,先看前后文是否有特指/泛指提示。例如:
◦ 第1空 ____ honest boy:结合语境,“一个诚实的男孩” 是泛指,且 honest 以元音音素开头,故填 an。
◦ 第3空 ____ boy we met yesterday:后文有定语从句 we met yesterday 限定男孩的范围,表特指,故填 the。
3. 语法检查,确认冠词类型
填完答案后,回头检查冠词使用是否正确:
◦ a/an是否符合单词发音(而非拼写),如 an egg(正确)、a egg(错误)。
◦ the/零冠词是否符合场景,如 play the basketball(错误,球类零冠词)、play the violin(正确,乐器用the)。
4. 代入验证,通读全文流畅性
将所有答案填入空格,完整读一遍,确保:
◦ 冠词与前后名词、短语的搭配自然,无固定搭配错误。
◦ 整个语篇的逻辑连贯,特指/泛指判断准确,无语义冲突。
三、 高频考点总结
特指/泛指辨析 关注上下文名词的限定范围、原词复现,判断用the还是a/an/零冠词。 第3空 the book 与前文 a book 原词复现,表特指。
a/an发音陷阱 根据单词发音(而非拼写)判断,元音音素开头用an,辅音音素开头用a。 an hour(正确)、a hour(错误)。
固定搭配 积累冠词高频短语,区分乐器/球类、三餐/学科的冠词用法。 play the piano(正确)、play piano(错误)。
零冠词场景 牢记三餐、球类、学科、泛指复数名词前用零冠词,避免多余加the。 have dinner(正确)、have the dinner(错误)。
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专题01 名词与冠词
名词
目 录
第一部分 考情精析 锁定靶心 高效备考
第二部分 重难考点深解 深度溯源 扫清盲区
【考点01】名词词义辨析
【考点02】名词的数
【考点03】名词所有格
第三部分 解题思维优化 典例精析+方法提炼+变式巩固
【题型01】语法选择/单项填空中的名词考查
【题型02】词语运用/首字母填空中的名词考查
【题型03】完形填空的名词考查
核心考向聚焦
词义辨析是考查重点,在各地中考中频繁出现。名词的数、所有格、句法功能及词性转换也有涉及,但相对比重较小。
关键能力与思维瓶颈
关键能力:掌握可数/不可数核心规则、复数变形(尤其不规则)、所有格(‘s与of)的正确选择,以及在语境中准确辨析近义名词。需通过分类记忆突破。熟练进行基数词与序数词转换,掌握日期、编号、分数等实际应用表达,清晰区分确切数量与概数(如three hundred与hundreds of)。需强化应用规则。
培优瓶颈:主要受中文思维干扰,忽略名词可数性及固定搭配;同时,规则记忆碎片化,特殊变形掌握不牢,在综合题中易失分。需强化语境判断与归类记忆。
命题前瞻与备考策略
预测:2026年中考中,在语篇中灵活考查可数/不可数判断、词义辨析(如work/job)及所有格。将更注重真实情境下的应用。数词侧重在日期表达、编号(如Page 5)、分数及统计图表描述等真实语境中,考查基数词与序数词的准确转换与应用。
策略:备考应放弃对孤立方程式的死记硬背,转向 “建模”与“应用” 。重点训练: 1. 紧扣真题,建立名词分类错题本(可数/不可数/不规则复数),强化在完形填空和语境中判断用法的能力。 2. 熟记特殊拼写(如twelfth),专项练习日期、编号、分数等高频应用题型,并与图表描述类写作结合训练。
◇考点 01 名词词义辨析
中考高频易混易错名词梳理
1.act, action和activity
单词
意义
辨析
act
行为,行动
通常指单一的、个人的、具体的行为
action
行动,措施
通常指时间较长的持续动作和行为,多用于词组: take action (to do sth.)
activity
活动
指人们从事的活动、工作等,多用于组: do (different) activities
2.advice和suggestion
单词
意义
辨析
advice
建议,
劝告
不可数名词,表示数量时需借助表示单位的名词piece。搭配: a piece of advice; take advice
suggestion
建议
可数名词,搭配: make a suggestion
3.cause, reason和excuse
单词
意义
辨析
cause
原因,起因,理由
造成一种事实或现象的“原因,起因”,后通常接介词of
reason
原因,起因,解释
指某事发生或做某事的原因、理由、解释,后通常接介词for
excuse
借口,理由
指为自己的行为所做的辩解
4.feeling和sense
单词
意义
辨析
feeling
感觉,感情
泛指一般的情绪,如“喜怒哀乐”,还可指对某人(物)的“态度,看法”,也可指“感受力,鉴赏力”
sense
感觉,观念,意识
多指身体上五官的感觉;还可指“观念,见识”
5.information, news和message
单词
意义
辨析
information
消息,信息,情报
指任何信息,是不可数名词
news
新闻,消息,新情况
指公众感兴趣的最新事件,是不可数名词
message
消息,音信,口信
指口头、书面、电台、电视传送的“口信、消息”等,是可数名词
6.job, work和task
单词
意义
辨析
job
工作,职业
指一项具体的工作,是可数名词
work
工作,作品
指“工作,劳动”时,是不可数名词;指“作品,著作”时,是可数名词
task
任务,工作
指分配的工作,或自愿承担的艰巨的工作
7.noise, sound和voice
单词
意义
辨析
noise
噪音,吵闹声
指不悦耳的嘈杂声
sound
声音,响声
泛指自然界的一切声音
voice
嗓音,说话声
指人说话时的嗓音
8.problem和question
单词
意义
辨析
problem
问题,难题,困难
一般指社会问题,这种问题是“有待解决的”,通常与solve, work out搭配
question
问题,疑问
一般是“有待问与答的”问题,常与ask, answer连用
1.Every time I hear the song “My Motherland”, I always feel a strong ________ of pride.
A.style B.sense C.speed D.symbol
2.Huo Siyan, a famous actress, and her beloved dog have created a new ________ at the International Dog Show in Belgium recently.
A.result B.record C.research D.reply
3.—I’m afraid I can’t get the ________ of this word right.
—Don’t worry. Let me teach you how to read it slowly.
A.introduction B.education C.pronunciation D.instruction
4.Because of recent ________ in machine learning, robots can do different kinds of things like looking after the old.
A.purpose B.progress C.expression D.situation
5.The use of China’s first home-built ocean drilling (钻探) ship shows a big ________ forward in China’s deep sea exploration.
A.trade B.flag C.purpose D.step
◇考点 02 名词的数
Point 1:可数名词复数的规则变化
易|错|提|醒
元音字母o结尾的名词变复数
小贴士:
名词词尾字母o,名词+es变复数也不多。英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿,剩下“零”也不出错。例如:
hero/heroes、 tomato/tomatoes、 potato/potatoes、 zero/zeros或zeroes
以f,fe结尾的名词变复数
以f, fe结尾的名词,多数是将f, fe变为v,再加-es。这类词可这样串联记忆:
树叶(leaf)半数(half)自己黄,妻子(wife)拿刀(knife)去割粮,架(shelf)后窜出一只狼(wolf),就像小偷(thief)逃命(life)忙。例如:leaf/leaves、 half/halves、 wife/wives、 knife/knives
Point 2:可数名词的复数的不规则变化
易|错|提|醒
1.man和woman作定语时,修饰单数名词用单数,修饰复数名词用复数,如a man teacher、 two women doctors。注意:有些名词如学科类名词maths、 physics、 politics,虽以s结尾,但不是复数形式。
2.有些名词单数与复数形式相同
单数复数不变形,特殊词语记一记。“中”“日”友好不变,“鱼”“鹿”“绵羊”来作证。例如:
Chinese、 Japanese、 fish、 deer、 sheep
3.有关国籍的复数形式构成(表示“某国人”的名词)
世界要友好,国籍要分清。中日不变,英法变,其他加-s来转变,特殊情况记心间。例如:
Chinese、 Japanese; Englishman/Englishmen、 Frenchman/Frenchmen;Indian/Indians、 American/Americans。特例:German的复数形式是Germans。
Point 3 :合成名词的复数
名词前有man 或woman 修饰,变复数,做定语man/woman和中心词都要变成复数形式
woman doctor -----women doctors
man waiter ---men waiter
二.不可数名词
(1)不能用具体数字修饰的名词是不可数名词,不可数名词没有复数形式。
(2)可数名词与不可数名词 易混归纳
名词
可数名词
不可数名词
名词
可数名词
不可数名词
experience
经历
经验
paper
报纸、文件
纸
work
作品
工作
exercise
练习
锻炼
orange
橙子
橙汁
room
房间
空间
time
词数、倍数
时间
chicken
鸡
鸡肉
glass
玻璃杯
玻璃
fish
鱼
鱼肉
light
电灯
光
life
性命
生活
易|错|提|醒
常见的不可数名词
water水,milk 牛奶;juice 果汁;powder粉,rice米饭,salt 盐,food食物,fruit水果,chocolate 巧克力,fish鱼肉,meat 肉,bread面包,paper 纸,exercise 锻炼,information 信息,news 新闻,homework 作业,hair 头发,population人口,money 钱,advice 建议
既可作可数名词又可作不可数名词的名词
名词
用作可数名词
用作不可数名词
fish
表示条数,单数复数形式相同
意为“鱼肉”
表示各种各样的鱼,fish加-es
glass
“玻璃杯”,其复数形式为glasses;glasses还可意为“眼镜”
意为“玻璃”
orange
意为“橘子;橙子”,复数加-s
意为“橙汁;橙色”
room
意为“房间”,复数加-s
意为“余地;地方;空间”
paper
意为“文件;试卷;
报纸”,复数加-s
意为“纸”
work
意为“著作”,复数加-s
意为“工作”
chicken
意为“小鸡”,复数加-s
意为“鸡肉”
light
意为“灯;灯具”,复数加-s
意为“光线”
◇难点既可数又不可数名词
典例 (24-25七年级上·湖北武汉·月考)—Do you do eye ________ every day at school?
—Yes. And we also do morning ________ to build up our body.
A.exercise; exercise B.exercises; exercise C.exercise: exercises D.exercises; exercises
(3)名词的数量表示和计量
①可数名词一般直接在其前加基数词表示计量。
There is also a golf course five miles away. 五英里外还有个高尔夫球场。
②可数名词前也可以用few、a few、many、a lot of、lots of、some、any、several、a(large/ great)、number of、a great many、plenty of、most等修饰词或短语来计量。
She has lived in Spain for many years. 她在西班牙已经生活多年。
③可以在不可数名词前加little、a little、much、a lot of、lots of、some、any、plenty of、a good/ great deal of、a bit of、most等修饰词或短语来计量。
There was much discussion about the reasons for the failure. 就失败的原因进行了大量的讨论。
I like some modern music. 有些现代音乐我喜欢。
④可数名词和不可数名词还可以用由单位词构成的短语来计量,
如a piece of 一片/段/块……、a cup/glass of一杯……、a bottle of一瓶……、a bag of一袋……、a box of一盒……等。
◇难点不可数名词的量化
典例(2025·天津南开·模拟预测)My father told me ________ just now.
A.two piece of news B.two pieces of new C.two news D.two pieces of news
1.In my last trip, I took many photos in ________. In the photos, you can see many ________ visiting there.
A.France; Germen B.French; Germans C.French; Germen D.France; Germans
2.Let’s have some________ and ________ after the basketball game.
A.chicken; egg B.chickens; egg C.chickens; eggs D.chicken; eggs
3.Look, five ________ are feeding on the hill.
A.sheeps B.sheep C.sheepes D.the sheep
4.I want to have two ________ and ________ milk.
A.tomato; one B.tomatoes; some C.tomatoes; one D.tomato; some
5.—Children may have sad feelings after some bad ________.
—Don’t worry. They can turn to some doctors with lots of ________ for help.
A.experiences; experiences B.experience; experience
C.experience; experiences D.experiences; experience
◇考点 03 名词所有格
易|错|提|醒
1.'s不全是名词所有格
It looks like Lily's hat! 它看起来像Lily的帽子。(此句话中的Lily's是所有格,而不是Lily is的缩写。)
My dog is from China, but her dog's from Japan. 我的狗来自中国,但是她的狗来自日本。(此句中的dog's应是dog is的缩写,而不是名词所有格。)
2. ‘s还可以表示某人的家或者某个店铺,如:my aunt’s(我阿姨家), the doctor’s(诊所)
3.两人共有某物时,可以采用 A and B’s 的形式,如:Lucy and Lily’s bedroom(露西和丽丽合住的卧室)
4.“of+名词所有格/名词性物主代词”,称为双重所有格,
如:a friend of my father’s(我父亲的一位朋友), a friend of mine(我的一位朋友)
◇难点名词作定语
典例I called Miss Lin to ask for a ______leave because of my headache.
A.two-days B.two day’s C.two-day
1.It’s about 20 ________ walk.
A.minute B.minutes C.minute’s D.minutes’
2.Jane worked as a volunteer in the neighborhood with some friends of ________.
A.she B.her C.hers D.herself
3.We have three ________ lessons in the afternoon.
A.45-minutes B.45 minutes’ C.45-minutes’ D.45 minute
4.The brave man saved three ________ lives in the accident.
A.children’s B.children C.child D.childs’
5.She is a friend of ________.
A.mine sister B.I sister’s C.my sister’s D.me sister’s
◇题型 01 单项填空中的名词考查
典|例|精|析
典例1(25-26九年级上·黑龙江绥化·期中)—Maria, have a look at what’s in the fridge.
—Only two ________ and three ________.
A.tomatoes, bread B.tomatoes, pieces of bread C.tomato, pieces of bread
变|式|巩|固
变式1(25-26九年级上·甘肃张掖·期中)Many foreigners came to our school last week, including three ________ and four ________.
A.Germans; Americans B.Germen; American C.Germans; American D.Germen; Americans
变式2 (20-21八年级上·辽宁营口·期中)Can you give me ________ on it?
A. some pieces of advices B.any piece of advices
C.any piece of advice D.some pieces of advice
◇题型 02 词语运用/首字母填空中的名词考查
典|例|精|析
典例2(25-26九年级上·江苏泰州·期末)This necklace no one came to get back must be that famous (act). Please send it back to her right away.
变|式|巩|固
变式1 (25-26九年级上·江苏扬州·月考)The young man would rather give up the chance than take those advice. (direct)
变式2 (25-26九年级上·江苏泰州·月考)Could you tell me when the film about that famous (music) life will be shown?
◇题型 03 完形填空的名词考查
典|例|精|析
典例3
Li Shizhen: A Great Master of Medicine
Li Shizhen is a well-known medical scientist of the Ming Dynasty. He is regarded 1 a great master of medicine in China. Throughout his life, he put all his heart into medicine, only to save the dying and treat the 2 .
Li was born in 1518 in Hubei. Both his grandfather and father were doctors. Li’s grandfather was a country doctor who 3 from place to place with a bag of herbs (药草). Such doctors were called Lingyi (bell doctors), because they could tell people about their arrival by 4 a bell. Li’s father was also a famous 5 in their local area.
From childhood, Li went to the mountains with his father to pick herbs. Because of this, he 6 a wide knowledge of animals, plants and medicine. 7 Li’s father hoped his son could get a government job, Li failed the exam three times. He then turned his attention to 8 .
At the age of 33, Li became famous for curing Prince Zhu Houkun’s son. A few years later, he was 9 to work at the Imperial Medical Institute (太医院) in Beijing. During that time, he read many ancient medical texts, and noticed a 10 in the naming and categorization (分类) of herbs. To deal with the problem, he decided to leave his job and 11 himself into writing a book about herbs.
After that, Li travelled to many places and got much first-hand 12 . He also read hundreds of medical books and collected different kinds of herbs. 13 27 years of efforts, his first draft (初稿) of Ben Cao Gang Mu was completed in 1578. The book is 14 detailed and well-organized, and it is considered one of the greatest scientific 15 of the Ming Dynasty. And this book was reprinted many times and five of the original editions are now still kept in China, Japan, and the USA.
1.A.for B.as C.by D.to
2.A.rich B.weak C.sick D.old
3.A.traveled B.stayed C.learned D.flew
4.A.selling B.breaking C.ringing D.making
5.A.doctor B.farmer C.teacher D.worker
6.A.gave up B.turned up C.used up D.picked up
7.A.Because B.If C.Although D.When
8.A.art B.medicine C.nature D.sports
9.A.expected B.invited C.ordered D.allowed
10.A.rule B.story C.plan D.mess
11.A.throw B.give C.push D.make
12.A.translation B.difference C.introduction D.experience
13.A.During B.Before C.Until D.After
14.A.nearly B.recently C.highly D.closely
15.A.achievements B.movements C.expressions D.inventions
◇题型 04 语法填空中的名词考查
典|例|精|析
典例4I was pushed into writing the “top ten problems the young face” after I attended a school programme, where I had the opportunity to interact with many 1 (teenage). Each conversation was only adding one more item 2 the list of problems.
About two thirds of girls in year nine to year twelve “worry about their 3 (appear)”. 4 there were no gender (性别) differences in worries about school, girls are 5 (anxiety) about getting along with parents and what to do when they are older.
Girls are proven to worry more about personal problems and romantic relationships, and are more 6 (concern) about their own images in peer group. In fact, the only thing 7 boys worry about more than girls is succeeding in their physical activities.
8 parents need to do is to look at ways to help teens and take responsibility for what we are exposing our teens to right now. We cannot afford 9 (ignore) the parental duties of bringing them up well from the time they are young.
Televisions, computers and other gadgets that they spend most of the time with cannot give them 10 bright future.
冠词
目 录
第一部分 考情精析 锁定靶心 高效备考
第二部分 重难考点深解 深度溯源 扫清盲区
【考点01】不定冠词
【考点02】定冠词
【考点03】零冠词
第三部分 解题思维优化 典例精析+方法提炼+变式巩固
【题型01】语法选择/单项填空中的冠词考查
【题型02】语法填空中的冠词考查
【题型03】完形填空的冠词考查
核心考向聚焦
不定冠词a/an的辨析、定冠词the的用法及零冠词的应用是考查重点,在各地中考中频繁出现。冠词与专有名词、固定搭配的结合考查也有涉及,但相对比重较小。
关键能力与思维瓶颈
关键能力:掌握不定冠词a/an(元音音素与辅音音素开头单词的搭配)的核心规则、定冠词the表特指、泛指等基本用法,以及零冠词在三餐、球类、学科等场景的应用规则,能在语境中准确判断冠词的使用与否及具体类别。需通过语境归类记忆突破。熟练掌握冠词与固定搭配的搭配规则(如play the piano、in a hurry),清晰区分特指与泛指的语境差异,避免冠词漏用、误用。需强化语境应用训练。
培优瓶颈:主要受中文思维干扰,中文无冠词体系,易出现漏用、误用冠词的情况;同时,冠词规则记忆碎片化,特指与泛指的语境判断不清晰,固定搭配中的冠词记忆不牢固,在语篇综合题中易失分。需强化语境判断与固定搭配归类记忆。
命题前瞻与备考策略
预测:2026年预中考中,在语篇(完形填空、语法填空、阅读理解节选)中灵活考查a/an辨析、the的特指用法及零冠词的应用。将更注重真实情境(如日常对话、短文叙述)下的冠词选择,结合专有名词、固定搭配的考查概率上升。侧重考查语境中特指与泛指的区分,以及易混固定搭配中的冠词辨析(如in school与in the school)。
策略:备考应放弃对孤立规则的死记硬背,转向 “语境归类”与“应用强化” 。重点训练: 1. 紧扣真题,建立冠词分类错题本(a/an辨析、the的用法、零冠词场景、固定搭配易错点),强化在完形填空和短文语境中判断冠词用法的能力。 2. 熟记冠词高频固定搭配(如by bus、on the Internet),专项练习语篇类冠词题型,并与短文填空、语境写作结合训练,提升综合应用能力。
◇考点 01 不定冠词
1.基本用法
用法
示例
泛指某一类人或事物中的一个或一类
A car is a convenient mean of transportation.
It seems to be an interesting book.
泛指人或物的身份或性质
A doctor can save people's lives.
用于第一次提到的人或事物
I went to the shop and bought a watch.
用于序数词之前,表示“再一,又一”
After reading the story, he wants to read it a second time.
表示“每一”,相当于every
He goes to the supermarket three times a week.
用在某些抽象名词或物质名词前,表示“一阵、一份、一场”
a great joy a heavy rain a strong wind
2.不定冠词的常见搭配
动词词组
give a hand给予帮助 have a cold感冒 have a good/great time玩得愉快 have a picnic去野餐
have a toothache牙疼 have a try/look试一试/看一看 keep a diary记日记 make a living谋生
pay a visit to拜访 take a walk散步 take a photo拍照
介词词组
in a hurry 匆忙in a moment立刻 as a result 结果in a word 总之
其他词组
a little/few 一点儿a lot of许多 a number of许多,大量a pair/piece/group/bottle of一双/张/组/瓶
3.不定冠词a和an的区别
(1)a用在以辅音音素开头的单词前。如:He told me a very funny story.
【注意】有一些词虽然是以辅音字母开头,但是以元音音素开头,要用an。如:an honest boy, an hour
(2)an用在以元音音素开头的单词前。如:
She is an excellent student.
(3)下表是常见的以元音字母开头的单词用a/an的各种情况:
A a
an apple an artist an Asian country an American girl
E e
an exciting job a European country an egg an eight-year-old boy
an eleven-year-old boy
I i
an idea an interesting story
O o
an orange an old man an outgoing girl
U u
a useful book a university student a UFO a usual story an unhappy girl
an umbrella an ugly man an unusual day
(4)26个英文字母中,前面用an的字母要牢记:a, e, f, h, i, l, m, n, o, r, s, x。
◇难点a/an 区别
典例 She has ________ uncle who works in ________ university.
A.an; a B.a; an C.an; an D.a; a
1.He plans to further his studies in ________ European country after graduating from senior middle school.
A.a B.an C.the D./
2.There is ________ “h” in the word “hour”, and ________ “h” doesn’t make a sound.
A.a; the B.an; the C.an; an D.a; an
3.John began to ride his bike to school alone when he was ________ 11-year-old boy.
A./ B.a C.an D.the
4.—Since this year’s National Day break is ________ eight-day holiday, let’s take a trip to Mount Lu.
—Good idea! Just one question. Will it be ________ one-way trip or a round trip?.
A.an, an B.an, a C.a, an D.a, a
5.We plan to visit ______ European country and ______ African country next year.
A.a; an B.an; a C.a; a D.an; an
◇考点 02 定冠词
1.基本用法
用法
示例
用在双方都知道的人或事物前
Give me the pen, please!
特指上文已提过的人或事物
My mother bought me a book. The book was interesting.
用在世界上独一无二的事物前
The earth moves around the sun.
用在序数词前和形容词最高级前
The second girl is the shortest, but she runs (the) fastest of all.(句中fast是副词)
用于形容词前,表示一类人或事物
The young should be polite to the old.
用于单数可数名词前,表示一类人或物
The shark is the most dangerous animal in the sea.
用于姓氏复数前,表示一家人或夫妇
The Whites are going to have a picnic tomorrow.
用在表示方位的名词前
Xinjiang lies in the northwest of China.
用在乐器前
He plays the piano very well.
用在以普通名词构成的专有名词前
the Great Wall
the Summer Palace
用在江河、湖泊、海洋、山脉、群岛等的名称前
The West Lake is very beautiful.
2.定冠词的常见搭配
介词词组
in the end最后 in the past在过去 by the way顺便说一下 at the age of在……岁时
at the same time同时 at the moment此刻,现在at the end/beginning of在……的末尾/在……开始时
the same as… 和……一样 in the morning/afternoon/evening 在早上/下午/晚上
动词词组
go to the cinema去看电影 go to the station去车站
其他词组
the number of ……的数量 all the time一直
句型
What's the matter with you?你(们)怎么了?
◇难点定冠词的固定用法
典例 At ________ age of 35, Ma Long won his 30th world champion on April 21st, 2024.
A.a B.the C.an D.\
1.—Do you know ________ man in black? —Yes, he’s ________ engineer from Germany.
A.the; an B.a; an C.the; a D.a; a
2.—The UK is ________ European country, isn’t it?
—Yes, ________ old country is famous for its museums.
A.an; an B.a; an C.a; the D.an; the
3.My brother has ________ useful book. ________ book is very interesting.
A.the; A B.an; A C.a; The D.an; The
4.—Mum, ________ book is about love from a mother bird, right?
—Yes. You really have ________ better understanding of it.
A.the; a B.the; an C.an; an D.a; a
5.—How about ________ Christmas evening party?
—I should say it was successful.
A.a B.the C.an D./
6.________ Earth goes around ________ Sun.
A.The; the B.A; a C.An; an D./; /
◇考点 03 零冠词
1.基本用法
用法
示例
用于西方节日、星期、月份、季节等名词前
on Thanksgiving Day感恩节 on Monday在星期一
in May在五月 in summer在夏天
用于一日三餐、球类运动、语言、学科、棋类游戏等名词前
have lunch吃午饭 play football踢足球
in English用英语 play chess下国际象棋
复数名词泛指一类人或事物
Children like to make snowmen in winter.
用于与by连用的交通工具名词前
by car/bus/plane/subway/… 乘轿车/公交车/飞机/地铁/……
名词前有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、疑问代词或名词所有格修饰
my brother我的弟弟
that girl那个女孩
用于某些专有名词(人名、地名、国名)、物质名词、抽象名词前
live in Hong Kong住在香港
Courage is very valuable. 勇气是非常宝贵的。
【注意】我国含有“Festival”的传统节日前,要加定冠词the,如:the Spring Festival
2.零冠词的常见搭配
介词词组
at home在家 at work在上班 at first起初 at last最后 at noon在中午 at night在晚上
at once立刻 by mistake错误地 by hand手工 in danger处于危险中 in time及时
in fact 事实上 in need 需要 in order 井然有序 in space在太空 in trouble处于困境
in class在上课 for example例如 on time按时 on foot 步行 on show展览 on business 出差
动词词组
go to school/work去上学/去上班 have fun玩得开心 go to bed上床睡觉
learn by heart背诵 lose heart灰心
名词词组
day and night日日夜夜 face to face 面对面 step by step逐步地
◇难点用冠词与不用冠词的区别
典例 --- Would you like to come to my party this afternoon?
---Yes , I'd like to,but my mother is ill in ____ hospital . I will go to _____ hospital to see her.
A./ , a B.a , the
C.the, the D./ , the
1.We go to ________ school from Monday to Friday.
A.a B.an C.the D./
2.We usually have ________ dinner at 7 o’clock in the evening.
A.a B.an C.the D./
3.In the VR game, the characters almost come to ________ life.
A.a B.an C.the D./
4.Jane does exercise every morning before going to ________ work.
A.the B.a C.an D./
5.It is believed that travelling to Ya’an in ________ October is ________ enjoyable experience.
A./; the B.the; an C./; an D.the; the
◇题型 01 单项填空中的冠词考查
典|例|精|析
典例It’s ________ unusual chance for Mr. Brown to get such ________ useful advice.
A.a; an B.an; / C.a; the D.an; an
变|式|巩|固
变式1Is ________ Russia ________ Asian or ________ European country?
A.the; an; a B.\; an; a C.\; an; an D.\; the; the
变式2 More and more foreign students come to China to learn ________ Chinese, because it is ________ useful language.
A./; an B.a; a C.the; an D./; a
◇题型 02 语法选择的冠词考查
典|例|精|析
典例3Julia was a lovely girl. She had big problems with her 1 . To learn the problems, her parents 2 her to many doctors. When Julia 3 10 months old, she had her first surgery (手术). But her situation wasn’t better.
Because of her eyes, Julia wasn’t able to control her body well. It took her much more time 4 easy things like standing up. By the time she was 15 months old, her parents were 5 and sad, because the surgeries and medicine didn’t work. And the doctor found out the problem was her corneas (眼角膜). Julia needed new corneas.
Her parents didn’t give up hope. One day, Julia’s mom found out the information about “the artificial (人工的) cornea surgery” 6 the Internet. Doing the surgery might take a risk, but they thought they should have a try for Julia. After making the decision, they took her to the doctor.
After the surgery, Julia was able to see. She began walking by 7 . She was much happier than before. Her spirit and body were much 8 . “Thanks to the doctor and the surgery, Julia is healthy now,” her mother said.
9 there was little chance, Julia’s parents didn’t give up. Their decision made a big difference to Julia’s life. They were 10 greatest parents in the world.
1.A.leg B.legs C.eye D.eyes
2.A.took B.will take C.take D.are taking
3.A.is B.are C.was D.were
4.A.learn B.to learn C.forget D.to forget
5.A.interesting B.interested C.worrying D.worried
6.A.on B.in C.for D.with
7.A.he B.himself C.she D.herself
8.A.good B.better C.bad D.worse
9.A.Though B.If C.Until D.After
10.A.a B.an C.the D./
◇题型 04 语法填空中的冠词考查
典|例|精|析
典例4China is famous as the home of tea. Tea has been a part of 1 (China) culture since ancient times. Many tea 2 (lover) enjoy tea not just for its taste, but also for the beauty of tea art performances.
Picking tea leaves is 3 important spring activity in South China. It’s 4 (usual) in early April when the temperature begins to rise and rainfall increases. The 5 (early) tea of all is often ready before Qingming Festival. This small output of tea is called Mingqian tea.
Zhejiang Province produces different kinds of tea 6 are famous at home and abroad. For example, West Lake Longjing Tea in Hangzhou 7 White Tea in Huzhou are two major types. In spring, local hillsides are filled with tea workers working on 8 (they) land. In the peak seasons, many tourists rush to see the beautiful tea farms and enjoy 9 (drink) a cup of fresh tea.
Thousands of years ago, tea leaves 10 (make) into a delicious drink by people in China. It has traveled a long way and continues to develop, even today. Tea making skills and social practices in China were listed in the UNESCO’s Intangible Cultural Heritage (非物质文化遗产) Lists in 2022.
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